WO1997039462A1 - Parafoudre perfectionne a base de varistances - Google Patents
Parafoudre perfectionne a base de varistances Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997039462A1 WO1997039462A1 PCT/FR1997/000637 FR9700637W WO9739462A1 WO 1997039462 A1 WO1997039462 A1 WO 1997039462A1 FR 9700637 W FR9700637 W FR 9700637W WO 9739462 A1 WO9739462 A1 WO 9739462A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- varistors
- stack
- envelope
- injection
- fibers
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
- H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
- Y10T29/49087—Resistor making with envelope or housing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of surge arresters.
- surge arresters for high voltage, typically to electrical networks of nominal voltage greater than 1 kV rms between phases.
- Surge arresters are devices designed to be connected between an electrical line, in particular medium or high voltage, and ground, to limit the amplitude and duration of the overvoltages appearing on the line.
- overvoltages can be due for example to atmospheric phenomena, such as lightning, or inductions in the conductors.
- Surge arresters are generally formed by stacking different varistors, most often nowadays by stacking several discs based on zinc oxide, whose electrical resistivity is highly non-linear depending on the applied voltage.
- these varistors do not let practically any current pass as long as the voltage at their terminals is less than a starting threshold and on the other hand, let pass a very strong current, which can reach several tens of kA, when the voltage applied to their terminals exceeds the aforementioned ignition threshold.
- the number of varistors used in the arrester is such that the nominal service voltage on the power line is less than the ignition threshold at the terminals of the varistors stack.
- the surge arrester can permanently withstand the nominal operating voltage, without leakage of current, and on the other hand makes it possible to drain the discharge currents of very high intensity which can appear temporarily on the line in the event of accidental overvoltage.
- Surge arresters known today generally include:
- Document CB-A-2 073 965 has proposed, for example, to produce this envelope using a heat-shrinkable material.
- Document U5-A-2,050,334 has proposed to place a stack of varistors in a porcelain case and to fill the space formed between the porcelain case and the stack of varistors using a filling material formed for example of a halogenated wax-based compound.
- EP-A-0 008 181, EP-A-0 274 674, EP-A-0 2S I 245 er US-A-4 456 942 have proposed to produce the envelope surrounding the varistors using an elastomeric material, formed in particular by overmolding. More specifically, the document EP-A-0 274 674 proposed to overmold an envelope made of a composite material based on elastomer, EPDM, silicone, or other resin, loaded or not, on a stack of varistors.
- Document U5-A-3,586,934 has proposed making the envelope using a synthetic resin, for example based on epoxy or polyester, or even a silicone or polyester varnish.
- the document EP-A-0 196 370 proposed to produce the envelope on a varistor body by pouring a synthetic resin formed for example of epoxy resin, polymer concrete, silicone resin, or an elastomer, or by covering the body of varistors with a shrinkable plastic tube, or by providing this stack with a layer of synthetic resin.
- a synthetic resin formed for example of epoxy resin, polymer concrete, silicone resin, or an elastomer
- document US-A-4 656 555 proposed to first form a winding of fibers based on plastic material, such as polyethylene, or glass, or even ceramic possibly impregnated with resin, for example l epoxy, then forming on the outside of this winding a housing made of weather-resistant polymeric material, for example to> a "c of elastomeric polymers, synthetic rubber, thermoplastic elastomers, EPDM.
- This document more specifically proposes either to preform the weather-resistant polymer housing, then to engage the stack of varistors provided with the winding of fibers in this housing, or to first form the winding of fibers on the stack of varistors, then make the housing of weather-resistant polymer material, by molding on the winding, projection of polymer on the winding or insertion of the stack of varistors provided with the winding in a polymer bath.
- Document US-A-4 404 614 has proposed to have successively on a stack of varistors a first envelope based on glass fibers impregnated with resin, for example epoxy resin, then a second envelope based on glass flakes. and epoxy resin, and finally in an elastic outer covering based on EPDM rubber, or butyl rubber.
- resin for example epoxy resin
- EPDM rubber or butyl rubber
- first envelope, the second envelope and the external envelope can be placed successively on the stack of varistors, or the envelopes can be formed in reverse order.
- the envelope can be molded in situ based on synthetic resin or polymeric material.
- the document states that the shell can be preformed. This document also proposes to use a sheet of prepreg fibers.
- Document EP-A-0 304 690 proposes first of all making a filament winding of glass fibers impregnated with resin, then forming on the outside of the winding a coating of elastomeric material of EPDM type, by injection.
- Document EP-A-0 355 479 proposes placing successively on the stack of varistors, first of all a barrier formed by a plastic film, for example based on propylene, then a winding of non-conductive filaments, and finally a weather-resistant elastomer housing.
- EP-A-0 397 163 proposed to place successively on the stack of varistors a filament winding impregnated with resin, then to form on this winding a coating with fins, made of elastomer, for example EPDM, by injection.
- document FR-A-2 698 736 has proposed a method for manufacturing a lightning arrester comprising the steps which consist in stacking varistors, forming a first envelope of composite material, on the stack of varistors, which first at least semi-rigid envelope has a constant external section, along its length, compensating in particular for the surface unevenness of the stack of varistors due to misalignments and dispersions of the dimensions of varistors and place an external envelope with fins on the first envelope of composite material by extruding a substantially constant outer envelope on the first envelope, then attaching annular fins on the extruded outer envelope.
- the surge arresters hitherto proposed have rendered great services.
- a main object of the present invention is to improve the reliability of existing surge arresters, in particular by avoiding any gaseous presence at the level of the interface (s) between the stack of varistors and the envelope which covers them.
- a more accessory object of the present invention is to reduce the cost of known surge arresters.
- the present invention provides a method of manufacturing lightning arresters of the type comprising the steps which consist in:
- the method according to the present invention makes it possible to expel any air at the interface between the stack of varistors and the flexible external envelope.
- the external envelope is an envelope with annular fins having zones of greater rigidity at the level of the fins.
- the injected material is a thermoplastic material, advantageously a polyester.
- the injection is carried out through bores formed in contact parts attached to the ends of the stack of varistors.
- the injection is carried out by means of two bores provided respectively in contact parts placed on the ends of the stack of varistors, which bores are diametrically opposite with respect to the axis of l 'stacking.
- the present invention also relates to the product obtained by the implementation of this process.
- the arrester obtained comprises: - a stack of varistors,
- FIG. 5 represents a schematic view in longitudinal axial section of a contact piece in accordance with the present invention according to the section plane referenced V-V in FIG. 6, and
- FIG. 6 represents a cross-sectional view of this same contact part according to the cutting plane referenced VI-VÎ in FIG. 5.
- the arrester according to the present invention shown in Figure 4 appended and obtained using the intermediate steps shown in Figures 1 to 3, which will be described later, comprises a stack of varistors 100, two contact pieces 200, an envelope 300 of composite material comprising a fiber fabric 310 and an injected material 350 impregnating the fiber fabric 310, and an outer finned envelope 400.
- the arrester can be supplemented by end caps of electrically conductive material attached to the ends of the arrester. These caps which make it possible to participate in both the electrical contact and the sealing of the arrester have not been shown in the appended figures to simplify the illustration.
- the varistors 100 are preferably formed from discs of constant diameter made from zinc oxide.
- the varistors 100 are first stacked along their axis 102, to be perfectly coaxial. Where appropriate, although this is not shown in the appended figures, spacers made of electrically conductive material, for example in the form of discs, or even if necessary comprising an elastic member, may be interposed between at least some of the pairs of varistors 100 adjacent. As shown in FIG. 2, once this stack has been produced, two contact pieces 200 are placed respectively on the ends of the stack of varistors.
- the contact pieces 200 preferably comprise an annular groove 210 and a longitudinal bore 250 parallel to the axis 202 of the pieces 200 and which opens on the one hand onto the external surface 206 of the pieces of contact 200 and on the other hand at the bottom of the groove 210.
- a fabric of fibers 310 is placed on the outside of the stack of varistors 100 in contact with the latter.
- it is preferably a fabric of fibers 310 having weft threads and orthogonal warp threads disposed respectively parallel to the axis 102 of the stack of varistors and transversely to this axis.
- the fiber fabric 310 typically has 3.5 x 5 mm mesh.
- the size of these meshes must be adapted to allow the discharge of the arc and / or of the gases created by the arc in the event of a defect in the arrester.
- two ties 320 are tightened on the fiber fabric
- these two links 320 placed in the form of loops in the grooves 210, come from a common ribbon which runs along the stack of varistors 100 on the outside of the fiber fabric 310.
- This ribbon can be wound in a spiral around the fiber fabric 310 between the two links 320, or even extend in a straight line parallel to the axis of the arrester, on the outside of the fiber fabric 310 between the two links 320, in which case preferably this straight ribbon is placed facing the free edge of the fiber fabric 310.
- the ribbon fulfills a function of holding the fiber fabric 310 along the arrester.
- a flexible external envelope 400 is disposed on the outside of the varistor stack 100 equipped with the fiber fabric 310.
- elastomer for example silicone
- annular fins 410 are intended to lengthen the line of flight on the outside of the arrester. Their numbers, profiles and spacings can vary depending on the requirements for resistance to pollution, and of course the nominal voltage of the arrester. It will be noted that such an external envelope 400 provided with annular fins 410 is characterized by zones of greater rigidity, at the level of these fins 410.
- a material capable of impregnating the fabric of fibers 310 is injected into the annular space formed between the stack of varistors 100 and the flexible external envelope 400.
- the injected material 350 is preferably an epoxy resin, for example a polyester.
- this material is injected via one of the bores 250 formed in a contact part 200, the bore 250 of the other part 200 serving for the evacuation of the air.
- the material 350 is injected in a horizontal position of the stack of varistors 100 or in a slightly inclined position relative to the horizontal, for example of the order of 35 to 45 °.
- the arrester can be made in a vertical position.
- the composite material thus formed by the combination of the fiber fabric 310 and the injected material 350 provides a firm connection between the two contact parts and maintains, by axial stress, good electrical contact between the main faces 104, transverse to the axis. 102, of each pair of adjacent varistors on the one hand, and between the main external faces 104 of the varistors placed at the ends of the stack, and respectively the contact pieces 200, on the other hand.
- the combination of fibers 310 plus injected material 350 in accordance with the present invention has the property, in the event of a defect in the arrester and therefore in case of creation of an electric arc, to allow the "volatilization" of the injected material, while having the fiber fabric 310 which mechanically holds the arrester.
- the arrangement of the weft fibers parallel to the axis 102 of the arrester allows that, when a force is applied transversely to the axis 102 on one of the ends of the arrester, some of these fibers work in elongation, while that the other diametrically opposite ones work on compression.
- Glass fibers in particular have excellent resistance properties, both in elongation and in compression.
- the link 320 can be formed of numerous variants, for example of a ribbon, such as fibers impregnated with resin.
- the establishment of the links 320 makes it possible to firmly immobilize the fiber fabric 310 in translation on each contact piece 200 and thus to ensure good immobilization in relative translation of the contact pieces 200.
- the fiber fabric 310 can be formed from different layers of superimposed fibers.
- the pitch of the fins 410 is of the order of 24 mm.
- the pressure drop varies continuously as the material 350 progresses, which causes local variations in the deformation of the flexible zone between two fins. This deformation causes a stressing effect on the resin 350 radially towards the inside of the stack of varistors, so that the resin wets the fiber fabric 310 during the injection phase.
- a solicitation also takes place, after injection, of the peristaltic type, when the external envelope 400 pushes the excess fluid during elastic recovery (return to its starting geometry).
- polyester material 350 is carried out under a pressure of the order of 2 Bars.
- a compound such as a silicone resin, making it possible to improve the connection between the injected polyester material and the outer casing 400 of silicone.
- a mechanical treatment can be carried out beforehand, for example by abrasion, sanding, etc. from the inside of the outer casing 400 of silicone, see chemical treatment, or the deposition on the internal surface of the envelope 400 of a primer making it possible to ensure a chemical bridging between the silicone material of the envelope 400 and the material 350 injected.
- the present invention makes it possible to produce surge arresters under particularly favorable economic conditions, in particular because all of the manufacturing steps can be carried out without requiring controlled atmospheres.
- the contact piece 200 according to a particular embodiment of the present invention shown in Figures 5 and 6.
- the two contact pieces 200 placed respectively at the ends of the arrester are identical.
- Each contact piece 200 is formed from a single metal block having a general symmetry of revolution about an axis 202. In use, this axis 202 is coaxial with the axis 102 of the stack of varistors.
- the main faces of the contact piece 200 are referenced 204 and 206.
- These main faces 204 and 206 are planar and orthogonal to the axis 202.
- the main face 204 is based on the use on the main external face 104 of a varistor 100 placed at the end of the stack.
- the main face 206 is directed towards the outside of the arrester.
- the contact piece 200 comprises a cylinder 220 adjacent to the main face 206 and extended in the direction of the main face 204 by a barrel 230 of smaller section.
- the section of the barrel 230 is equal to the external section of the varistors 100.
- the barrel 230 extends the external surface of the stack.
- the abovementioned annular groove 210 is formed in the barrel 230, approximately halfway along the latter.
- the bottom 211 of the groove 210 preferably has a polygonal section, for example a hexagonal section, as shown in FIG. 6.
- the first side 212 of the groove 210 placed on the side of the main face 204 is preferably plane and perpendicular to the axis 202.
- the second flank 213 of the groove 210 placed on the side of the main face 210 is preferably conical centered on the axis 202 and with a concavity directed towards the main face 206.
- helical threads 232 are formed on the outer surface of the barrel 230.
- the threads 232 extend on either side of the groove 210.
- the threads 232 are advantageously interrupted before the main face 204.
- the limit of the threads 232 on the side of the main face 204 is formed by an annular groove 234.
- Each contact piece 200 has a blind tapped bore 240 centered on the axis 202 and opening onto the main face 206.
- This threaded bore 240 is designed to receive a connecting stud.
- the polygonal bottom 21 1 of the groove 210 and the threads 232 form non-symmetrical structures of revolution around the axis 202.
- each part 200 has a bore 250 parallel to the axis
- the arrester according to the present invention can be equipped with a fault signaling device. This device can be placed for example on one end of the arrester.
- Such a fault signaling device is designed to visualize the passage of a line current to earth via the arrester, that is to say to visualize the passage of a leakage current through the arrester.
- Such a fault signaling device comprises:
- a low loss current sensor comprising a winding surrounding the stud
- a capacitor connected to the outputs of the rectifier bridge to integrate the energy of the detected leakage current, - a signaling assembly, for example based on pyrotechnic components, designed to be initiated by the energy integrated in the capacitor.
- the fault detector can be based on a principle of increasing the volume of the casing 400 during a short circuit of the surge arrester.
- a detector also known in itself will not be described in more detail below.
- the surge arrester according to the present invention offers numerous advantages over known prior lightning arresters. First of all, the present invention allows economical manufacturing.
- the present invention makes it possible to easily adapt the length of the arrester to the nominal voltage of the line to be protected.
- the present invention in no way requires the adaptation of any mold.
- the present invention makes it possible to avoid any layer of air or gas inclusion at the interface between the stack of varistors 100 and the casing 400, and consequently makes it possible to avoid any surface discharge at this level.
- the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiment which has just been described, but extends to any variant in accordance with its spirit.
- each bore 250 can be closed for example using a plug or putty, in order to perfect the sealing of the arrester, once the material injection operation 350 has been completed.
- a film makes it possible to avoid the penetration of resin between two varistors 100.
- Such a film can be installed only at each interface between two adjacent varistors 100 as well as between the end varistors and the contact parts 200, or even cover in one piece the entire active part formed by the stack of varistors 100.
- contact pieces 200 having several bores 250 it is possible to provide contact pieces 200 having several bores 250 to ensure both the injection of the material 350 and the evacuation of the annular space formed between the stack of varistors 100 and the flexible external envelope 400 .
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Details Of Resistors (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97918198A EP0958584B1 (fr) | 1996-04-12 | 1997-04-10 | Parafoudre perfectionne a base de varistances |
AT97918198T ATE225561T1 (de) | 1996-04-12 | 1997-04-10 | Verbesserter überspannungsleiter auf varistor- basis |
AU26411/97A AU2641197A (en) | 1996-04-12 | 1997-04-10 | Enhanced varistor-based lighting arresters |
US09/171,217 US6185813B1 (en) | 1996-04-12 | 1997-04-10 | Enhanced varistor-based lighting arresters |
DE69716132T DE69716132T2 (de) | 1996-04-12 | 1997-04-10 | Verbesserter überspannungsleiter auf varistor-basis |
BR9708649-5A BR9708649A (pt) | 1996-04-12 | 1997-04-10 | Pára-raios e processo de fabricacão do mesmo |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR96/04588 | 1996-04-12 | ||
FR9604588A FR2747500B1 (fr) | 1996-04-12 | 1996-04-12 | Parafoudre perfectionne a base de varistances |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997039462A1 true WO1997039462A1 (fr) | 1997-10-23 |
Family
ID=9491144
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1997/000637 WO1997039462A1 (fr) | 1996-04-12 | 1997-04-10 | Parafoudre perfectionne a base de varistances |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6185813B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0958584B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE225561T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2641197A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9708649A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69716132T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2180971T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2747500B1 (fr) |
PT (1) | PT958584E (fr) |
TR (1) | TR199802055T2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1997039462A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1143460A1 (fr) * | 2000-04-07 | 2001-10-10 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Limiteur de surtension |
EP1067565A3 (fr) * | 1999-07-09 | 2002-05-08 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Limiteur de surtension et son procédé de fabrication |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2786943A1 (fr) * | 1998-12-07 | 2000-06-09 | Soule Materiel Electr | Dispositif de coupure electrique pour moyenne et haute tension |
FR2786944B1 (fr) * | 1998-12-07 | 2003-09-19 | Soule Materiel Electr | Perfectionnements aux dispositifs de coupure electrique pour moyenne et haute tension |
FR2800903B1 (fr) | 1999-10-25 | 2001-12-21 | Soule Materiel Electr | Parafoudre perfectionne a base de varistances electriques |
US7015786B2 (en) * | 2001-08-29 | 2006-03-21 | Mcgraw-Edison Company | Mechanical reinforcement to improve high current, short duration withstand of a monolithic disk or bonded disk stack |
US6701040B2 (en) * | 2001-10-15 | 2004-03-02 | Ac Photonics, Inc. | Dense wavelength division multiplexer configuration |
US6778374B2 (en) * | 2002-01-04 | 2004-08-17 | Hubbell Incorporated | Reinforced arrester housing |
US7436283B2 (en) * | 2003-11-20 | 2008-10-14 | Cooper Technologies Company | Mechanical reinforcement structure for fuses |
KR100548978B1 (ko) * | 2003-12-09 | 2006-02-13 | 정용기 | 공간전하 분산형 피뢰장치 |
US8117739B2 (en) * | 2004-01-23 | 2012-02-21 | Cooper Technologies Company | Manufacturing process for surge arrester module using pre-impregnated composite |
US7075406B2 (en) * | 2004-03-16 | 2006-07-11 | Cooper Technologies Company | Station class surge arrester |
US7633737B2 (en) * | 2004-04-29 | 2009-12-15 | Cooper Technologies Company | Liquid immersed surge arrester |
CN101331562B (zh) * | 2005-10-19 | 2011-06-01 | 东莞令特电子有限公司 | 变阻器及制造方法 |
US20100189882A1 (en) * | 2006-09-19 | 2010-07-29 | Littelfuse Ireland Development Company Limited | Manufacture of varistors with a passivation layer |
US7660093B2 (en) | 2007-11-20 | 2010-02-09 | Hubbell Incorporated | Arrester block module assembly and method |
CN102280234A (zh) * | 2010-06-11 | 2011-12-14 | 吴昌德 | 可测量阀片泄漏电流的串联间隙避雷器 |
SI23462B (sl) * | 2010-08-26 | 2015-06-30 | Eti Elektroelement D.D. | Varistorska varovalka |
CN103000323B (zh) * | 2012-12-05 | 2015-09-30 | 中国西电电气股份有限公司 | 超高压复合外套避雷器端部一次封胶方法 |
DE102017214287A1 (de) * | 2017-08-16 | 2019-02-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Überspannungsableiter und Herstellungsverfahren für einen Überspannungsableiter |
US11380464B2 (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2022-07-05 | Hitachi Energy Switzerland Ag | Surge arrester and associated manufacturing method |
WO2019243030A1 (fr) * | 2018-06-18 | 2019-12-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Dispositif de séparation pour un déflecteur de surtension |
WO2020043452A1 (fr) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-03-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Matériel électrique et procédé de fabrication d'un matériel électrique |
US11894166B2 (en) | 2022-01-05 | 2024-02-06 | Richards Mfg. Co., A New Jersey Limited Partnership | Manufacturing process for surge arrestor module using compaction bladder system |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3018406A (en) * | 1958-07-17 | 1962-01-23 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Lightning arrester |
EP0397163A1 (fr) * | 1989-05-12 | 1990-11-14 | Sediver, Societe Europeenne D'isolateurs En Verre Et Composite | Enveloppe étanche à base d'enroulement filamentaire, et parafoudre composite en faisant application |
EP0443286A1 (fr) * | 1988-12-30 | 1991-08-28 | FERRAZ Société Anonyme | Dispositif parafoudre pour la protection des lignes électriques |
GB2258352A (en) * | 1991-08-02 | 1993-02-03 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Overvoltage arrester |
EP0549432A1 (fr) * | 1991-12-20 | 1993-06-30 | Soule Materiel Electrique | Parafoudre à propriétés mécaniques améliorées |
FR2698736A1 (fr) * | 1992-11-27 | 1994-06-03 | Soule Sa | Perfectionnements aux parafoudres à varistances notamment pour haute tension. |
Family Cites Families (2)
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FR2258352B1 (fr) | 1974-01-18 | 1976-10-08 | Saint Gobain | |
US4656555A (en) * | 1984-12-14 | 1987-04-07 | Harvey Hubbell Incorporated | Filament wrapped electrical assemblies and method of making same |
-
1996
- 1996-04-12 FR FR9604588A patent/FR2747500B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-04-10 AU AU26411/97A patent/AU2641197A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-04-10 PT PT97918198T patent/PT958584E/pt unknown
- 1997-04-10 AT AT97918198T patent/ATE225561T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-04-10 BR BR9708649-5A patent/BR9708649A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-04-10 TR TR1998/02055T patent/TR199802055T2/xx unknown
- 1997-04-10 EP EP97918198A patent/EP0958584B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-10 DE DE69716132T patent/DE69716132T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-04-10 ES ES97918198T patent/ES2180971T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-10 US US09/171,217 patent/US6185813B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-04-10 WO PCT/FR1997/000637 patent/WO1997039462A1/fr active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3018406A (en) * | 1958-07-17 | 1962-01-23 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Lightning arrester |
EP0443286A1 (fr) * | 1988-12-30 | 1991-08-28 | FERRAZ Société Anonyme | Dispositif parafoudre pour la protection des lignes électriques |
EP0397163A1 (fr) * | 1989-05-12 | 1990-11-14 | Sediver, Societe Europeenne D'isolateurs En Verre Et Composite | Enveloppe étanche à base d'enroulement filamentaire, et parafoudre composite en faisant application |
GB2258352A (en) * | 1991-08-02 | 1993-02-03 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Overvoltage arrester |
EP0549432A1 (fr) * | 1991-12-20 | 1993-06-30 | Soule Materiel Electrique | Parafoudre à propriétés mécaniques améliorées |
FR2698736A1 (fr) * | 1992-11-27 | 1994-06-03 | Soule Sa | Perfectionnements aux parafoudres à varistances notamment pour haute tension. |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1067565A3 (fr) * | 1999-07-09 | 2002-05-08 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Limiteur de surtension et son procédé de fabrication |
EP1143460A1 (fr) * | 2000-04-07 | 2001-10-10 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Limiteur de surtension |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TR199802055T2 (xx) | 1999-01-18 |
BR9708649A (pt) | 2000-01-04 |
ATE225561T1 (de) | 2002-10-15 |
AU2641197A (en) | 1997-11-07 |
FR2747500A1 (fr) | 1997-10-17 |
EP0958584A1 (fr) | 1999-11-24 |
FR2747500B1 (fr) | 1998-06-26 |
ES2180971T3 (es) | 2003-02-16 |
DE69716132T2 (de) | 2003-08-14 |
DE69716132D1 (de) | 2002-11-07 |
US6185813B1 (en) | 2001-02-13 |
PT958584E (pt) | 2003-01-31 |
EP0958584B1 (fr) | 2002-10-02 |
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