EP2695871B1 - Masse active à grande puissance pour un leurre pyrotechnique avec une liaison de carbone fluorée - Google Patents

Masse active à grande puissance pour un leurre pyrotechnique avec une liaison de carbone fluorée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2695871B1
EP2695871B1 EP13003892.0A EP13003892A EP2695871B1 EP 2695871 B1 EP2695871 B1 EP 2695871B1 EP 13003892 A EP13003892 A EP 13003892A EP 2695871 B1 EP2695871 B1 EP 2695871B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixture
alloy
carbon
carbon atoms
fuel
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13003892.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2695871A2 (fr
EP2695871A3 (fr
Inventor
Arno Hahma
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Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
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Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B27/00—Compositions containing a metal, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium or mixtures, intercompounds or hydrides thereof, and hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C15/00—Pyrophoric compositions; Flints

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-performance active compound for a pyrotechnic decoy with a fuel, an oxidizing agent for the fuel and optionally a binding agent, the oxidizing agent being a partially fluorinated pyrene or a partially fluorinated carbon compound.
  • polytrifluorochloroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride is known as an oxidizing agent for a metal.
  • poly (chlorotrifluoroethylene) is known as a binder in a fuel containing magnesium, aluminum or a mixture thereof.
  • poly (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene) is known in each case in a magnesium-containing fuel composition.
  • the task of an active mass for decoy targets is to simulate the infrared radiation of an exhaust plume of a jet aircraft for a seeker head, for example a guided weapon, when it burns.
  • the wavelength range detected by conventional seeker heads is between 2 and 5 ⁇ m. So far, this has been achieved, for example, with the well-known black body active substance Magnesium-Teflon-Viton (MTV), in which polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon®) serves as the oxidizing agent.
  • MTV Magnesium-Teflon-Viton
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • Teflon® polytetrafluoroethylene
  • up to 250% of MTV's performance can be achieved when graphite fluoride is used as an oxidizing agent.
  • graphite fluoride is relatively expensive and can be difficult to obtain.
  • more active mass can be used in a decoy of a larger caliber. However, this
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an active mass for decoy targets which, when burned, in particular also at high air speeds, has a higher radiation power than MTV and does not have to contain any graphite fluoride.
  • the object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Appropriate configurations result from the features of claims 2 to 5.
  • a high-performance active compound for a pyrotechnic decoy comprising a fuel, an oxidizing agent for the fuel and optionally a binder, is provided, the oxidizing agent being a fluorinated carbon compound with a carbon chain at least 100 carbon atoms long or repeating units containing carbon atoms, forming a polymer, wherein in the carbon chain or per unit at least one of the carbon atoms has at least one binding site occupied by a molecular residue or an atom other than fluorine or carbon.
  • the oxidizing agent is not graphite fluoride.
  • the binder can be omitted if another component of the high-performance active compound has a binding property.
  • the oxidizing agent contained in the high-performance active composition according to the invention is therefore not completely fluorinated, like PTFE, but only partially fluorinated. So far it has been assumed that those fluorocarbons are best suited for black body active masses, which contain the maximum possible amount of fluorine and thus act as efficiently as possible as an oxidizing agent and deliver the highest enthalpy of combustion.
  • the inventor of the present invention has recognized that not only the enthalpy of combustion is decisive, but that the heat released during combustion must also be radiated efficiently and therefore a high emissivity of the combustion products is just as important. He has also recognized that the carbon black generated from completely fluorinated fluorocarbon compounds is too fine-grained to emit radiation in the desired wavelength range of 2 to 5 ⁇ m. With these active substances, the released energy is emitted in shorter wavelength ranges or dissipated convectively. Furthermore, the inventor has recognized that fine soot also burns off very quickly and is therefore quickly lost as an emitter of radiation.
  • the oxidizing agent Teflon is therefore unfavorable for decoy effective masses.
  • the oxidizing agent graphite fluoride has a significantly higher emissivity in the desired wavelength range of 2 to 5 ⁇ m than Teflon when burned, but has the above-mentioned disadvantages of high price and limited availability.
  • the oxidizing agent contained in the high-performance active compound is a fluorinated carbon compound with a carbon chain at least 100 carbon atoms long or units containing repeating carbon atoms that form a polymer.
  • at least one of the carbon atoms has at least one binding site not occupied by another carbon atom, this binding site being occupied by a molecular residue or an atom other than fluorine.
  • Such an oxidizing agent produces soot particles with aromatic rings or double bonds and an average grain size of at least 1 ⁇ m when the active material is burned off. These soot particles efficiently generate radiation in the desired wavelength range of 2 to 5 ⁇ m.
  • the amount of carbon compound in the high-performance active compound can be relatively high, although this reduces the temperature of the flame of the high-performance active compound that is created during the combustion by reducing the enthalpy of combustion. This is compensated by the increased emissivity due to the carbon compound and the better utilization of the available energy.
  • the burning rate of the high-performance active composition according to the invention is increased by the oxidizing agent, because the increase in the radiation output brought about by the oxidizing agent also means that more heat is applied to the burning surface is reflected back.
  • the burn-up is further accelerated by the fact that a flame that arises during the burn-up is optically relatively dense and heat is therefore retained within the flame for a relatively long time.
  • the soot resulting from the oxidizing agent contained in the high-performance active compound according to the invention burns off more slowly. This allows it to radiate the released energy longer.
  • the chemical energy contained in the high-performance active compound is converted into radiation with a higher degree of efficiency.
  • the slowly burning soot creates an even and dense spatial effect. Due to the spatial effect, an exhaust gas plume of a jet aircraft can be imitated very well using the high-performance active compound according to the invention.
  • the soot or the carbon contained therein can also form carbides with titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum and vanadium, which can be contained in the high-performance active compound as fuel.
  • the carbon serves as a further oxidizing agent for the metals mentioned.
  • the resulting carbides do not melt in the flame produced during the burn-up and emit radiation to the environment as carbide particles.
  • the reflection on the burning surface also makes it possible to provide a relatively high proportion of fuel in the high-performance active compound in relation to the oxidizing agent.
  • the active substance can have a higher energy content than with an oxidizing agent other than the one contained therein.
  • the ratio of the number of fluorine atoms to the number of other atoms in the oxidizing agent is less than 3 when all other atoms are hydrogen atoms.
  • the other atom can be a hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom. If the other atom is a hydrogen atom and a fluorine atom is bonded to an adjacent carbon atom, HF can be split off when the high-performance active compound burns, forming a double bond between the adjacent carbon atoms.
  • more than one binding site of the carbon atom or a plurality of the carbon atoms are through a molecular residue or several molecular residues and / or another atom or atoms other than fluorine and carbon occupied, these binding sites each being occupied differently. The differently occupied binding sites can each be localized on adjacent carbon atoms.
  • the other atoms can comprise at least one halogen atom, in particular a chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, and at least one hydrogen atom at points of attachment of adjacent carbon atoms.
  • a hydrogen halogen can be split off with the formation of a double bond.
  • HCl, HBr or HI can be split off when the high-performance active substance is burned off, forming a double bond between the adjacent carbon atoms.
  • the fuel can be magnesium, for example.
  • the formation of double bonds through elimination reactions in halogenated polymers can occur as follows when a high-performance active compound is burned off:
  • the elimination reactions can take place thermally or by means of a base.
  • a base e.g. B. function a metal oxide from the fuel in the mixture or a base can be added to the active material.
  • the oxidizing agent can be poly (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE), poly (chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PCTFE), poly (ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene) (ECTFE), perfluoroalkoxy polymer (PFA), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or a partially fluorinated pyrene (according to the invention) .
  • ETFE ethylene tetrafluoroethylene
  • PCTFE poly (chlorotrifluoroethylene)
  • ECTFE poly (ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene)
  • PFA perfluoroalkoxy polymer
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • a partially fluorinated pyrene accordinging to the invention
  • the oxidizing agent can comprise at least one aromatic structure or polyaromatic structure.
  • the fuel can comprise a metal, a semimetal or a mixture or alloy of metals and / or semimetals or a mixture or alloy of at least one metal and at least one semimetal.
  • the fuel can be aluminum, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, calcium, lithium, niobium, tungsten, manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, zinc, tin, lead, bismuth, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, boron, silicon, or an alloy Mixture of at least two of these metals or semi-metals, a zirconium-nickel alloy or mixture, an aluminum-magnesium alloy or mixture, a lithium-aluminum alloy or mixture, a calcium-aluminum alloy or mixture, an iron-titanium alloy or mixture, a zirconium-titanium alloy or mixture or a lithium-silicon alloy or mixture.
  • Titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum and vanadium can form carbides with the carbon particles or the resulting soot particles.
  • the carbon serves as a further oxidizing agent for the metals mentioned.
  • the resulting carbides are present as solids at the temperatures that arise when the high-performance active compound burns and emit radiation as carbide particles.
  • the binder can be a fluoroelastomer, in particular a fluororubber, such as Viton® from "DuPont Performance Elastomers".
  • the active composition can contain a burn-off catalyst, in particular ferrocene, iron acetonylacetate or copper phthalocyanine, to accelerate the burn-off.
  • compositions given below were prepared as follows: The dry components and 5 conductive rubber cubes were mixed in a 250 ml mixing container for one hour using a tumble mixer at 120 revolutions / minute. The resulting mixture was emptied into a stainless steel bowl, the rubber cubes removed, and 3M Fluorel FC-2175 fluororubber as a 10% solution in acetone was added as a binder.
  • active compositions containing carbon nanotubes the carbon nanotubes were not mixed directly with the other constituents, but rather dispersed beforehand in the 10% solution of the binding agent in acetone by means of ultrasound in order to ensure the most uniform possible distribution in the active composition. The mass was stirred into a homogeneous dough and mixed until the acetone had evaporated to such an extent that the mass became granular. The resulting granules were dried at 50 ° C.
  • the press tool had an inside diameter of 16.8 mm.
  • the pressing pressure was 1500 bar.
  • Densities of the tablets were between 86 and 94% of the theoretical maximum density (TMD). All tablets were coated on their cylindrical surfaces with polychloroprene (Macroplast) and glued with polychloroprene to 80 ⁇ 80 ⁇ 5 mm steel plates in order to limit their burning to a free end face. The tablets were allowed to dry overnight at room temperature.
  • TMD theoretical maximum density
  • the finished tablets were burned off and their radiation output was determined using a radiometer.
  • the performance is expressed as a percentage of a corresponding base active mass, e.g. B. MTV indicated.
  • Black body active material based on PVDF with combustion distributed in zones (burn rate 4.1 mm / s; very dense and even spatial effect):.
  • material Type Wt% Others magnesium LNR 61 41.0 Hard coal finely ground 3.0 PVDF Solvay 80 ⁇ m 14.4 TMD 2041 boron 1 ⁇ m 8.0 titanium Svenska kemi ⁇ 100 ⁇ m 10.0 zirconium Chemetall type GH 8.6 Viton 3M Fluorel FC-2175 15.0
  • Black body active material based on PVDF with combustion distributed in zones (burn rate: 3.3 mm / s): material Type Wt% Others magnesium LNR 61 50 Hard coal finely ground 5.0 PVDF Solvay 20.0 TMD 1882 boron 1 ⁇ m 7.0 titanium Chemetall type E 6.0 zirconium Chemetall type FA 1.0 Ferrocene Arapahoe Chemicals 1.0 Viton 3M Fluorel FC-2175 10.0

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Masse active à grande puissance pour un leurre pyrotechnique, comprenant un combustible, un oxydant pour le combustible et éventuellement un liant, dans laquelle l'oxydant est un pyrène partiellement fluoré ou un composé de carbone partiellement fluoré muni d'une chaîne carbonée d'une longueur d'au moins 100 atomes de carbone ou d'unités de répétition, contenant des atomes de carbone, formant un polymère,
    dans laquelle l'unité comprend au moins une structure aromatique ou une structure polyaromatique, ou
    dans laquelle, dans la chaîne carbonée ou chacune des unités, au moins un des atomes de carbone comprend au moins un emplacement de liaison non occupé par un autre atome de carbone, dans laquelle plus d'un emplacement de liaison d'une pluralité des atomes de carbone est occupé par d'autres atomes que le fluor et que le carbone, dans laquelle ces emplacements de liaison sont à chaque fois occupés différemment, dans laquelle les autres atomes comprennent au moins un atome de brome ou d'iode, et au moins un atome d'hydrogène sur des emplacements de liaison d'atomes de carbone voisins.
  2. Masse active à grande puissance selon la revendication 1,
    dans laquelle le combustible comprend un métal, un semi-métal ou un mélange ou alliage de métaux et/ou de semi-métaux ou un mélange ou alliage d'au moins un métal et d'au moins un semi-métal.
  3. Masse active à grande puissance selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    dans laquelle le combustible comprend de l'aluminium, du magnésium, du titane, du zirconium, du hafnium, du calcium, du lithium, du niobium, du tungstène, du manganèse, du fer, du nickel, du cobalt, du zinc, de l'étain, du plomb, du bismuth, du tantale, du molybdène, du vanadium, du bore, du silicium, un alliage ou mélange d'au moins deux de ces métaux ou semi-métaux, un alliage ou mélange de zirconium-nickel, un alliage ou mélange d'aluminium-magnésium, un alliage ou mélange de lithium-aluminium, un alliage ou mélange de calcium-aluminium, un alliage ou mélange de fer-titane, un alliage ou mélange de zirconium-titane ou un alliage ou mélange de lithium-silicium.
  4. Masse active à grande puissance selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    dans laquelle le liant est un élastomère fluoré, notamment un caoutchouc fluoré.
  5. Masse active à grande puissance selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    dans laquelle un catalyseur de combustion, notamment du ferrocène, de l'acétonylacétate de fer ou de la phtalocyanine de cuivre, est en outre contenu.
EP13003892.0A 2012-08-09 2013-08-05 Masse active à grande puissance pour un leurre pyrotechnique avec une liaison de carbone fluorée Active EP2695871B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012015762.2A DE102012015762A1 (de) 2012-08-09 2012-08-09 Hochleistungswirkmasse für ein pyrotechnisches Scheinziel mit einer fluorierten Kohlenstoffverbindung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2695871A2 EP2695871A2 (fr) 2014-02-12
EP2695871A3 EP2695871A3 (fr) 2017-08-23
EP2695871B1 true EP2695871B1 (fr) 2021-03-03

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EP13003892.0A Active EP2695871B1 (fr) 2012-08-09 2013-08-05 Masse active à grande puissance pour un leurre pyrotechnique avec une liaison de carbone fluorée

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP2695871B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2013206584B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102012015762A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL226719B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201305931B (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10173944B2 (en) 2014-10-16 2019-01-08 Northrop Grumman Innovations Systems, Inc. Compositions usable as flare compositions, countermeasure devices containing the flare compositions, and related methods
US11014859B2 (en) 2014-10-16 2021-05-25 Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation Compositions usable as flare compositions, countermeasure devices containing the flare compositions, and related methods
CN110640136B (zh) * 2018-06-27 2021-10-22 南京理工大学 铝粉/聚偏二氟乙烯复合粒子及其制备方法和应用

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5679921A (en) * 1958-08-27 1997-10-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Infra-red tracking flare
US3122462A (en) * 1961-11-24 1964-02-25 Martin H Kaufman Novel pyrotechnics
BE757673A (fr) * 1969-11-05 1971-04-01 France Etat Composition pyrotechnique a pouvoir lumineux eleve et son procede de fabrication
US4445947A (en) * 1983-03-18 1984-05-01 Thiokol Corporation Low cost fluorocarbon flare compositions
FR2583037B1 (fr) * 1985-06-07 1987-11-13 France Etat Armement Compositions fumigenes coulables efficaces dans l'infrarouge
DE4030430C1 (de) * 1990-09-26 1993-12-02 Buck Chem Tech Werke IR-undurchlässigen Nebel erzeugende Zusammensetzung
US5472533A (en) * 1994-09-22 1995-12-05 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Spectrally balanced infrared flare pyrotechnic composition
JP3987638B2 (ja) * 1998-06-18 2007-10-10 日本工機株式会社 発煙剤組成物
US6635130B2 (en) * 1999-10-09 2003-10-21 Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg Pyrotechnic composition for producing IR-radiation
US6962634B2 (en) * 2002-03-28 2005-11-08 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Low temperature, extrudable, high density reactive materials

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2695871A2 (fr) 2014-02-12
IL226719A0 (en) 2013-12-31
EP2695871A3 (fr) 2017-08-23
AU2013206584A1 (en) 2014-02-27
DE102012015762A1 (de) 2014-02-13
AU2013206584B2 (en) 2018-03-08
ZA201305931B (en) 2014-04-30
IL226719B (en) 2018-11-29

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