EP2698362B1 - Masse active pour une cible fictive à rayonnement spectral lors de la combustion de la masse active - Google Patents

Masse active pour une cible fictive à rayonnement spectral lors de la combustion de la masse active Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2698362B1
EP2698362B1 EP13004006.6A EP13004006A EP2698362B1 EP 2698362 B1 EP2698362 B1 EP 2698362B1 EP 13004006 A EP13004006 A EP 13004006A EP 2698362 B1 EP2698362 B1 EP 2698362B1
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Prior art keywords
active composition
fuel
composition according
active
flame
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EP13004006.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2698362A2 (fr
EP2698362A3 (fr
Inventor
Arno Hahma
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Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
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Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B29/00—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate
    • C06B29/22—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate the salt being ammonium perchlorate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
    • C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
    • C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
    • C06B45/105—The resin being a polymer bearing energetic groups or containing a soluble organic explosive
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C15/00—Pyrophoric compositions; Flints

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an active mass for a spectrally radiating decay target during burnup of the active substance with a radiation emitted during the burnup in the wavelength range from 3.7 to 5.1 ⁇ m (B-band), which is at least a factor of 15 stronger than one emitted during the burnup Radiation in the wavelength range from 1.9 to 2.3 ⁇ m (A band).
  • B-band 3.7 to 5.1 ⁇ m
  • a band 1.9 to 2.3 ⁇ m
  • a pyrotechnic composition for an infrared target which contains an extrudable and energetic nitrocellulose-containing binder, an oxidizing agent, a pyrotechnic fuel and a carbon source.
  • the oxidizing agent may be KClO 4 , KClO 3 or NH 4 ClO 4 and the carbon source may be lamp black, carbon black, graphite, charcoal, carbon or a functionally similar material.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a fake target effective mass which emits a radiation in the wavelength range of 3.7 to 5.1 microns when burned, which is at least a factor of 15 stronger than a radiation emitted in the burn in the wavelength range from 1.9 to 2.3 microns and at the same time is very powerful.
  • the object is solved by the features of claim 1.
  • Advantageous embodiments emerge from the features of claims 2 to 11.
  • an effective mass for a spectrally radiating decay target when the active mass burns off is radiation in the wavelength range of 3.7 to 5.1 ⁇ m, which is at least a factor of 15 stronger than a radiation emitted during combustion of the active mass Wavelength range of 1.9 to 2.3 microns provided.
  • the active material comprises as fuel containing carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms at least one nitrate ester and / or a nitrosamine and as the oxidizing agent ammonium perchlorate, wherein the amount of ammonium perchlorate is such that it is not sufficient for a complete oxidation of the fuel, wherein the active material either the nitrate ester in the form a polymeric solid or a binder.
  • the active material contains substantially no elemental carbon-containing carbon source.
  • the active mass contains at least substantially no elemental carbon during combustion, for example, in the form of soot, generating substance.
  • substantially here means that none of the selected constituents of the active material according to the invention contains such a carbon source or substance or contains the active material at least not more than 0.2 wt .-% of such a carbon source or substance. An unintentional presence of traces of such a carbon source or substance can not be completely excluded by nature.
  • the active material according to the invention should not generate more than 1% by weight of the active material on solid particles in the flame during combustion.
  • Such particles and elemental carbon or soot generate blackbody radiation upon annealing in the flame and thereby produce radiation in the A-band.
  • Even the ammonium perchlorate contained in the active material as an oxidizing agent leaves only gaseous residues during combustion and thus does not contribute to the formation of black body radiation.
  • the polymeric solid also takes on the function of a binder in the active mass. Therefore, no further binder is required.
  • the solid may also be a viscoelastic material. The viscoelasticity can be improved by other components of the active material, such. As an ionic liquid, causes or modulated.
  • the peculiarity of the invention is that the nitrate ester and / or the nitrosamine serve not only as a fuel and in the case of the nitrate ester optionally as a binder, but also to broaden the primary flame produced during combustion.
  • a primary flame is understood to mean a flame which is formed by reaction of gas formed from the fuel with gas produced from the oxidizing agent.
  • the broadening of the primary flame takes place in that the nitrate ester and nitrosamine decompose exothermically during combustion already at a temperature between 150 ° C and 250 ° C and thereby generate combustible gases. The temperature of the primary flame is thereby relatively low.
  • the active material is oxygen-undersaturated by the lack of oxidizing agent. During combustion, therefore, the atmospheric oxygen serves as a further oxidant. Compared to an active mass with balanced oxygen balance, more fuel can be contained in relation to the oxidizing agent in a given amount of the active mass.
  • ammonium perchlorate generates a heterogeneous flame structure during combustion and thereby ensures that the flame does not extinguish even at high wind speeds, as is the case with a flying decoy in use.
  • the active material according to the invention can be produced very inexpensively.
  • the volume of the active mass decreases when it is heated. This increases the safety of the active mass in the event of a fire and a concomitant rapid strong warming or slow heating, for example, when stored in the sun.
  • the decoy created by the decrease in volume of the active mass is a void and if it should come to an accidental ignition of the pressure in the decoy does not rise as suddenly as in effective masses in which there is no decrease in volume with a warming. The reaction in these situations is therefore less severe than in known active compounds.
  • the active material according to the invention does not expand by 0.2 to 2% after pressing, in contrast to known apparent target active compositions. A pressing tool can therefore be made so that it specifies exactly the desired nominal size. The production of an active mass with a desired nominal size is thereby considerably simplified.
  • the binder comprises starch, a polybutadiene, a gaseous decomposition product on combustion of the active mass-producing polymer, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl acetate, or a polymer with nitrate ester groups, in particular nitrocellulose, polyvinyl nitrate, polyglycidyl nitrate or GAP (glycidyl azide polymer).
  • PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
  • polyvinyl butyral polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl acetate
  • a polymer with nitrate ester groups in particular nitrocellulose, polyvinyl nitrate, polyglycidyl nitrate or GAP (glycidyl azide polymer).
  • the nitrate ester can be liquid. It may comprise glyceryl trinitrate, ethylene glycol dinitrate, diethylene glycol dinitrate, triethylene glycol dinitrate or methriol trinitrate.
  • the liquid nitrate ester can also serve as a plasticizer for the binder and thereby phlegmatize the active material and thus make impact and friction insensitive.
  • the active mass is thereby self-lubricating, so that the friction is reduced, facilitates a pressing of the active mass and the sensitivity of the active mass is reduced.
  • the nitrate ester may also comprise as polymeric solid nitrocellulose, polyvinyl nitrate or polyglycidyl nitrate.
  • the nitrosamine may include 1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine. All of these nitrate esters and said nitrosamine have proven to be very efficient primary flame broadeners.
  • the active material according to the invention is much easier to mix and process than curing resins or curing polymers containing active compositions. They can simply be mixed and pressed directly afterwards. A solvent is not required. Nevertheless, the active materials have proved to be more mechanically stable than conventional spectral active compounds. A mechanical resistance can be increased by a subsequent sintering of the active material according to the invention.
  • the liquid nitrate esters can act particularly well as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose. They swell the nitrocellulose and convert it to an elastomer.
  • the active material can be mixed and pressed without further solvent.
  • the binders can also be gasified endothermically during combustion to form exclusively gaseous decomposition products.
  • the decomposition products may then generate a secondary flame burning outside of the broadened primary flame with the atmospheric oxygen, thereby further broadening the flame.
  • the active compound according to the invention comprises at least one at a higher temperature than a decomposition temperature of the nitrate ester and / or nitrosamine to form at least one combustible gas endothermic decomposing further fuel, the further fuel dicyandiamide, azodicarbonamide, dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine (DNPT), glyoxime, oxamide, Acetamide, carbazide, or semicarbazide or a dust-like further fuel or in a burnup of the active mass by spraying a mist forming further fuel comprises.
  • Endothermic decomposition means that with increasing temperature, at least initially, there is a temperature range in which the decay is endothermic.
  • the temperature of the flame is thereby effectively limited in the area of endothermic decay.
  • decaying is meant here also boiling or gasification.
  • the surface of the burning active mass should be as little or not cooled by the other fuel.
  • the boiling point or the decomposition temperature of the further fuel should therefore be as high as possible.
  • the further fuel should, if possible, have a negative oxygen balance, but still form soot during combustion.
  • the additional fuel should generate the highest possible heat of combustion, d. H. the additional fuel should be as energy-efficient as possible.
  • the additional fuel should not be able to react with the nitrate ester and / or the nitrosamine. Due to the associated compatibility a long shelf life is achieved.
  • the further fuel serves as a flame broadening agent, is achieved by the higher decomposition temperature, that a further flame zone is formed during combustion, because within the primary flame no ignition of the gasified further fuel takes place.
  • nitrogen excited in the flame can transmit its energy with high yield of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide and thereby excite it.
  • the carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide then releases the energy absorbed as infrared radiation in the B-band.
  • the energy transfer is particularly effective and the radiation yield is increased.
  • An oxygen bridge between nitrogen and carbon atoms is not contrary to this, because the energy can also be transferred via the oxygen atom to the carbon atom.
  • the active composition comprises dicyandiamide, azodicarbonamide, dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine (DNPT), glyoxime, oxamide, acetamide, carbazide, or semicarbazide as another fuel.
  • DNPT dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine
  • the active mass comprises a plurality of further fuels having different decomposition temperatures.
  • the further fuel or the plurality of further fuels may be a dust-like further fuel, in particular a cyano compound, in particular paracyan, or a further fuel which forms a mist during atomization of the active mass by atomizing, in particular an ionic liquid, in particular one an ionic liquid comprising imidazole, pyridine, diazine or other heterocycle structure, especially 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium perchlorate (BMIM-ClO 4 ).
  • BMIM-ClO 4 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium perchlorate
  • An advantage associated with the ionic liquid is that the active mass thereby becomes electrically conductive and thus insensitive to electrostatic discharge. Furthermore, ionic liquids have a phlegmatizing effect in the active mass, so that reduces the sensitivity of the active mass against friction, shock and shock.
  • the active compound of the invention can be a stabilizer from the group of Akardite or Centralite, in particular N, N-diphenylurea (Arkadit I), N-methyl-N, N-diphenylurea (Akardit II), 1,3-diethyl, 1 ', 3'-diphenylurea (Centralit I), 1,3-dimethyl-1'3'-diphenylurea (Centralit II) or N-methyl-N'-ethyl-N , N'-diphenylurea (Centralit III).
  • N N-diphenylurea
  • Akardit II N-methyl-N, N-diphenylurea
  • 1 ', 3'-diphenylurea Centralit I
  • 1,3-dimethyl-1'3'-diphenylurea Centralit II
  • N'-diphenylurea Centralit III
  • the active material may contain a copper or iron atom-containing catalyst, in particular iron oxide, ferrocene, iron acetonyl acetate or copper phthalocyanine.
  • the catalyst facilitates the reaction of ammonium perchlorate at a relatively low temperature and thereby stabilizes the burnup.
  • the active mass in the active mass essentially (except for the catalysts) contain no substances that contain atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, chlorine and bromine. This avoids the formation of burn-off products which shift the spectrum in the direction of the A-band. "Substantially" means that none of the selected constituents of the active material according to the invention contains these substances. However, naturally, the presence of traces of substances containing such atoms can not be completely ruled out.
  • Fig. 1 left shows a schematic representation of the burnup of a conventional active mass and to the right thereof a profile of the temperature T of the flame generated during their combustion as a function of the distance d from the burning surface 1 of the active mass.
  • the temperature of the burning surface 1 of the effective mass is at the decomposition temperature of that component of the active mass which decomposes at the lowest temperature.
  • oxidizing gases from an oxidant contained in the active mass and combustible gases mix from a fuel contained in the active mass and begin to react with each other in a flame.
  • the temperature rises rapidly up to a maximum value in the reaction zone 3.
  • the gases react quickly at high temperature, which rapidly cools back to ambient temperature in an area 4 outside the flame.
  • the flame is very hot inside, but cools down quickly at the edges.
  • the radiation yield is low and all solid particles and water vapor radiate in the very hot flame in the A band.
  • the spectral ratio ie the ratio of the intensity of the radiation in the B-band to the ratio of the radiation in the A-band, is thereby generally not more than 10.
  • Fig. 2 left shows a schematic representation of the heterogeneous burnup of an active material according to the invention with a plurality of other fuels for flame broadening and right next to a profile of the temperature T of the flame arising during combustion depending on the distance d from the burning surface 1 of the active mass.
  • the diffusion zone is heterogeneous here by ammonium perchlorate as the oxidant, also strongly under-oxygenated and cold.
  • the fuel which simultaneously acts as a flame spreading means for the primary flame, is decomposed at a relatively low temperature, whereby the temperature at the surface of the active mass is limited to this decomposition temperature.
  • the gases mixed in the diffusion zone 2 react from the oxidizer and the fuel.
  • zone 3 further fuels from the active mass can not yet react, because the temperature in the primary flame 3 is still too low.
  • the temperature of zone 4 is limited by the decomposition temperature of one of the other fuels.
  • zone 5 a secondary flame is formed by burning off the further fuel decomposed in zone 4 and decomposing another of the further fuels, preferably into a mist. This results in a further increase in temperature, which is not sufficient to bring the other of the other fuels to react.
  • the temperature in the zone 5 is limited by the decomposition temperature of further of the other fuels. This additional fuel begins to absorb the thermal energy efficiently only at the temperature in zone 5.
  • zone 6 the decomposed further fuel reacts with the atmospheric oxygen.
  • the temperature can rise to the adiabatic maximum.
  • the temperature above the flame in the aerobic region 7 does not decrease as rapidly as in the active mass according to Fig. 1 ,
  • the flame becomes very large and is very hot only on the outer surface of zone 6, with much of the radiation being able to flow out without being absorbed in the flame.
  • Water and solid particles remain relatively cold up to the aerobic region 7, so that only small amounts of radiation in the A-band, while carbon dioxide in the outer region of the zone 6 radiates strongly in the B-band.
  • particles burning off in the air are very short-lived in the hot and therefore radiating state and thus shift the spectrum of the emitted radiation only insignificantly in the direction of the A-band.
  • BMIM-ClO 4 200 g of the ionic liquid BMIM-ClO 4 used in some of the following active compositions were synthesized as follows: 150 g of BMIM-CI were dissolved in about 600 ml of dry methanol at 25 ° C in a 2 liter one-necked flask. A stoichiometric amount of dry sodium perchlorate was also separately dissolved in 600 ml of dry methanol in a 2 liter one-necked flask. Then all the perchlorate solution was added all at once to the BMIM chloride solution. The bottle containing the perchlorate solution was washed 3 times with 50 ml of dry methanol and the methanol was added to the BMIM chloride solution. The resulting solution became cloudy and yellow after several minutes as the resulting sodium chloride began to precipitate.
  • the one-necked flask was then connected to a rotary evaporator and the methanol distilled off under about 500 mbar pressure, the water bath was heated to 90 ° C in the evaporator.
  • the warm crude BMIM-ClO 4 from the flask was again filtered through the frit into a 250 ml separatory funnel, because even more common salt had precipitated upon evaporation of the methanol.
  • the final BMIM-ClO 4 (a yellowish, viscous oil) was filled from the separating funnel into a laboratory flask and weighed. The yield was almost quantitative.
  • Active composition according to the invention with nitrocellulose as binder and flame spreading agent and dioctyl adipate as plasticizer.
  • This active material has the same oxygen balance as the active composition according to Examples 2 and 3, but about twice the energy and the double spectral ratio and thereby shows the effect of the nitrate ester nitrocellulose as a flame broadening agent.
  • Active compound according to the invention with nitrocellulose as binder and fuel, diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN) as fuel and plasticizer, and oxamide as further fuel and flame spreading agent, and acardite II as stabilizer and flame spreading agent.
  • DEGDN diethylene glycol dinitrate
  • oxamide as further fuel and flame spreading agent
  • acardite II as stabilizer and flame spreading agent.
  • the effective mass is significantly more efficient than the active mass according to Example 4.
  • This active mass shows the overall effect of the nitrate ester nitrocellulose, the other fuel and the negative oxygen balance without soot formation.
  • the spectral ratio is also improved since this rate burns about 700 K colder than the effective mass according to Example 4.
  • Active compound according to the invention with nitrocellulose as fuel, diethylene glycol dinitrate as fuel and plasticizer, BMIM-ClO 4 as further fuel and flame spreading agent and additional plasticizer and paracyan as further further fuel and flame spreading agent in dust form.
  • This active material has an extremely high specific energy and an extremely high spectral ratio.
  • DEGDN self-synthesized 11,80 TMD 1702 BMIM-ClO 4 self-synthesized 5.9 paracyanogen powder 20.20 Akardite II 0.10
  • Active compound according to the invention with nitrocellulose as fuel, diethylene glycol dinitrate as fuel and plasticizer, dicyandiamide as further fuel and flame broadening agent and BMIM-ClO 4 as further further fuel, flame propagating agent in mist form and additional plasticizer.
  • This active material also has an extremely high specific energy and an extremely high spectral ratio.
  • DEGDN self-synthesized 10,80 TMD 1583 BMIM-ClO 4 self-synthesized 5.40 dicyandiamide crystalline 24.00 Akardite II 0.10
  • Active compound according to the invention with nitrocellulose as fuel, diethylene glycol dinitrate as fuel and plasticizer, azodicarbonamide as further fuel and flame spreading agent and BMIM-ClO 4 as further further fuel, flame propagating agent in mist form and additional plasticizer.
  • This active material has a very high specific energy and an extremely high spectral ratio.

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Claims (12)

  1. Masse active pour un leurre à rayonnement spectral lors de la combustion de la masse active, présentant un rayonnement émis lors de la combustion de la masse active dans la plage de longueur d'onde allant de 3,7 à 5,1 µm, qui est au moins 15 fois plus puissant qu'un rayonnement émis lors de la combustion de la masse active dans la plage de longueur d'onde allant de 1,9 à 2,3 µm,
    dans laquelle la masse active comprend au moins un ester de nitrate et/ou une nitrosamine en tant que combustible contenant des atomes de carbone et des atomes d'hydrogène, et du perchlorate d'ammonium en tant qu'oxydant, la quantité du perchlorate d'ammonium étant déterminée de telle sorte qu'elle ne soit pas suffisante pour une oxydation totale du combustible, la masse active comprenant soit l'ester de nitrate sous la forme d'un solide polymère, soit un liant, au plus 5 atomes de carbone étant reliés les uns avec les autres par une liaison directe dans le combustible, essentiellement aucune source de carbone contenant du carbone élémentaire n'étant contenue dans la masse active, c'est-à-dire qu'aucun des constituants choisis de la masse active ne contient une telle source de carbone ou que la masse active ne contient au moins pas plus de 0,2 % en poids d'une telle source de carbone, la masse active comprenant au moins un combustible supplémentaire qui se décompose endothermiquement à une température plus élevée qu'une température de décomposition de l'ester de nitrate et/ou de la nitrosamine avec formation d'au moins un gaz combustible, le combustible supplémentaire comprenant le dicyandiamide, l'azodicarbonamide, la dinitrosopentaméthylène-tétramine (DNPT), le glyoxime, l'oxamide, l'acétamide, un carbazide ou le semicarbazide, ou un combustible supplémentaire sous la forme de poussières, ou un combustible supplémentaire qui forme un brouillard par pulvérisation lors d'une combustion de la masse active.
  2. Masse active selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le combustible supplémentaire sous la forme de poussières comprend un composé cyanogène, notamment le paracyanogène.
  3. Masse active selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le combustible supplémentaire qui forme un brouillard par pulvérisation lors d'une combustion de la masse active comprend un liquide ionique, notamment un liquide ionique comprenant une structure imidazole, pyridine, diazine ou hétérocyclique autre, notamment le perchlorate de 1-butyl-3-méthylimidazolium (BMIM-ClO4).
  4. Masse active selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le liant comprend de l'amidon, un polybutadiène, un polymère qui ne forme que des produits de décomposition gazeux lors de la combustion de la masse active, notamment la polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), le polyvinylbutyral, l'alcool polyvinylique ou le polacétate de vinyle, ou un polymère contenant des groupes ester de nitrate, notamment la nitrocellulose, le polynitrate de vinyle ou le polynitrate de glycidyle.
  5. Masse active selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle l'ester de nitrate est liquide et comprend du trinitrate de glycéryle, du dinitrate d'éthylènè glycol, du dinitrate de diéthylène glycol, du dinitrate de triéthylène glycol ou du trinitrate de méthriol ou, en tant que solide polymère, de la nitrocellulose, de la méthylnitraminocellulose, du polynitrate de vinyle ou du polynitrate de glycidyle, et dans laquelle la nitrosamine comprend la 1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine ou la dinitrosopentaméthylène-tétramine.
  6. Masse active selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le combustible supplémentaire comprend de l'oxamide.
  7. Masse active selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la masse active comprend une pluralité de combustibles supplémentaires présentant des températures de décomposition différentes.
  8. Masse active selon la revendication 7, dans laquelle la pluralité de combustibles supplémentaires comprend un combustible supplémentaire sous la forme de poussières, notamment un composé cyanogène, notamment le paracyanogène, ou un combustible supplémentaire qui forme un brouillard par pulvérisation lors d'une combustion de la masse active, notamment un liquide ionique, notamment un liquide ionique comprenant une structure imidazole, pyridine, diazine ou hétérocyclique autre, notamment le perchlorate de 1-butyl-3-méthylimidazolium (BMIM-ClO4).
  9. Masse active selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la masse active comprend un stabilisateur du groupe des akardites ou des centralites, notamment la N,N-diphénylurée (akardite I), la N-méthyl-N,N-diphénylurée (akardite II), la 1,3-diéthyl-1',3'-diphénylurée (centralite I), la 1,3-diméthyl-1',3'-diphénylurée (centralite II) ou la N-méthyl-N'-éthyl-N,N'-diphénylurée (centralite III).
  10. Masse active selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle un catalyseur contenant des atomes de cuivre ou de fer, notamment l'oxyde de fer, le ferrocène, l'acétonylacétate de fer ou la phtalocyanine de cuivre, est contenu.
  11. Masse active selon la revendication 10, dans laquelle essentiellement aucune substance qui contient des atomes autres que le carbone, l'hydrogène, l'azote, l'oxygène, le soufre, le chlore et le brome n'est contenue, à l'exception du catalyseur, en ce qu'aucun des constituants choisis de la masse active selon l'invention ne contient ces substances, à l'exception du catalyseur.
  12. Masse active selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, dans laquelle essentiellement aucune substance qui contient des atomes autres que le carbone, l'hydrogène, l'azote, l'oxygène, le soufre, le chlore et le brome n'est contenue, en ce qu'aucun des constituants choisis de la masse active selon l'invention ne contient ces substances.
EP13004006.6A 2012-08-17 2013-08-12 Masse active pour une cible fictive à rayonnement spectral lors de la combustion de la masse active Active EP2698362B1 (fr)

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DE201210016454 DE102012016454A1 (de) 2012-08-17 2012-08-17 Wirkmasse für ein beim Abbrand der Wirkmasse spektral strahlendes Scheinziel

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EP2698362A2 EP2698362A2 (fr) 2014-02-19
EP2698362A3 EP2698362A3 (fr) 2017-08-23
EP2698362B1 true EP2698362B1 (fr) 2019-12-11

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US10173944B2 (en) 2014-10-16 2019-01-08 Northrop Grumman Innovations Systems, Inc. Compositions usable as flare compositions, countermeasure devices containing the flare compositions, and related methods
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US9133071B2 (en) 2015-09-15
IL227588A (en) 2017-03-30
DE102012016454A1 (de) 2014-02-20
EP2698362A2 (fr) 2014-02-19
EP2698362A3 (fr) 2017-08-23
AU2013213697A1 (en) 2014-03-06
ZA201306133B (en) 2014-04-30
AU2013213697B2 (en) 2017-08-10
US20140060711A1 (en) 2014-03-06

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