EP2693289A1 - Stromsammelbox - Google Patents

Stromsammelbox Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2693289A1
EP2693289A1 EP20120764941 EP12764941A EP2693289A1 EP 2693289 A1 EP2693289 A1 EP 2693289A1 EP 20120764941 EP20120764941 EP 20120764941 EP 12764941 A EP12764941 A EP 12764941A EP 2693289 A1 EP2693289 A1 EP 2693289A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
duration
boosters
power
current
conversion device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20120764941
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2693289A4 (de
Inventor
Taku Miyauchi
Takashi Ando
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sanyo Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Publication of EP2693289A1 publication Critical patent/EP2693289A1/de
Publication of EP2693289A4 publication Critical patent/EP2693289A4/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/02016—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices
    • H01L31/02019—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/02021—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H02J1/102—Parallel operation of dc sources being switching converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
    • H02J3/44—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator with means for ensuring correct phase sequence
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a grid-connected system for converting a direct current power generated by solar cells into an alternating current power and superimposing same onto a commercial power grid.
  • the prior art has proposed a grid-connected system including a power line for boosting and supplying a power generated by solar cells in a case where a plurality of solar cell strings (also called simply "solar cells") in which a plurality of solar cells are connected in series are installed, and a power line for directly supplying, without boosting, the output generated by the solar cells, and also including a power conversion device for combining the output generated by the solar cells, obtained via these two lines, together into a single power line in a current collection box, outputting and thereafter converting the output to an alternating current power, and directly superimposing same onto a commercial power grid.
  • a power line for boosting and supplying a power generated by solar cells in a case where a plurality of solar cell strings (also called simply "solar cells") in which a plurality of solar cells are connected in series are installed, and a power line for directly supplying, without boosting, the output generated by the solar cells, and also including a power conversion device for combining the output generated by the solar cells, obtained
  • Patent reference 1 Japanese Laid-open Patent Application Publication 2002-238246
  • boosters inside the current collection box carry out a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) operation for controlling the boosting ratios in the boosters so that the power generated by the solar cells tracks a maximum.
  • MPPT maximum power point tracking
  • an MPPT operation for operating so that the outputted direct current power tracks a maximum is also carried out.
  • the MPPT operations carried out in the current collection box generally comprise increasing or reducing the boosting ratio of a booster and monitoring the power outputted by the solar cells (the value of the product of the current and the voltage) and, in a case where the generated power by the solar cells is increased by the modification to the boosting ratio, continuing to change the boosting ratio in the same direction (increasing when the boosting ratio has been increased or decreasing when the boosting ratio has been decreased) but, in a case where the power is decreased, changing the boosting ratio in the inverse direction (decreasing when the boosting ratio has been increased or increasing when the boosting ratio has been decreased).
  • This control converges the boosting ratios of the boosters to a position at which the power outputted by the solar cells tracks a maximum value.
  • the MPPT operation of the power conversion device is carried out by making use of the fact that the direct current power outputted by a current collection box 4 is substantially equal to a power outputted by an inverter circuit for converting the direct current power to an alternating current power (not taking conversion efficiency into account).
  • This MPPT operation comprises increasing or reducing a target value of the output current of the inverter circuit 23 when the voltage of the commercial power grid is stable, and seeking a target current value at which the output power of the inverter circuit tracks a maximum value (i.e., at which the input power of the power conversion device tracks a maximum value).
  • the boosting ratio is determined so that a current of the target value is outputted from the inverter circuit.
  • the grid-connected system disclosed in patent reference 1 in order to remove the defect caused by such interference, has the MPPT operation of the booster and the MPPT operation of the power conversion device carried out in alternation, thus eliminating the interference between each of the MPPT operations.
  • the present invention has been contrived in view of the problems described above, it being an object thereof to provide a current collector box for a grid-connected system by which MPPT operations carried out by boosters inside the current collector box can be prevented from interfering with an MPPT operation carried out by a power conversion device.
  • the present invention is a current collection box provided with a number of terminals enabling the connecting of at least two solar cell strings including a plurality of solar cells are connected in series, the generated power from the solar cell strings inputted via the terminals being controlled so as to track a maximum value and thereafter being outputted, wherein the current collection box is characterized by being provided with a booster for boosting individual voltages of the generated power of each of the solar cell strings inputted via the terminals, and an output circuit for collecting all of the outputs of the boosters together into a single output and then outputting the single output, each of the boosters controlling a boosting ratio to yield a maximum value of generated power corresponding to a voltage applied over a certain duration in respective every predetermined periods, and the periods, and the period during which each of the boosters is actuated being set to a different value.
  • an MPPT operation of each of the boosters is begun at respectively different periods, and therefore it is possible to prevent a plurality of this MPPT operation from overlapping with an MPPT operation of a power conversion device at the same time. This makes it easy, even with interference of the MPPT operation, to cast off the state of interference. It is also not necessary to carry out a particular setting for each of the boosters, and the number of solar cells can be easily increased or decreased.
  • Another aspect is the invention described above, characterized in that when a certain duration of a period is a first duration in which the MPPT operation is carried out and a remaining duration is a second duration in which the MPPT operation is not carried out and the boosting ratio is fixed to a certain value, a duration obtained by taking the sum of the length of the first duration of each of the boosters is shorter than any of the second durations.
  • Another aspect is the invention described above, characterized in that the boosters are capable of modifying the period.
  • Another aspect is the invention described above, characterized in that the length of the first duration is modifiable and the length of the second duration is fixed to a predetermined length, and the boosters, when the boosting ratio in the first duration is controlled, stop control of the boosting ratio in the first interval and fix the boosting ratio when the amount of variation in the generated power of the solar cells falls below a predetermined amount, and thereafter in the second duration the operation of the boosters is carried out at the boosting ratio.
  • the boosters have a current detection circuit for detecting a current inputted to or outputted by the boosters, and in a case where the current detected by the current detection circuits is greater than a predetermined value during start-up, the boosters begin the boosting MPPT operation.
  • the present invention it is possible to provide a grid-connected system making it possible to readily increase or decrease the number of power lines through the boosters for boosting the output voltage of the solar cells and supplying power, while also preventing the MPPT operation carried out by the boosters from interfering with the MPPT operation carried out by the power conversion device.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating the solar power generation system 100 as in the first embodiment.
  • the solar power generation system 100 is provided with solar cells 1a to 1d and a grid-connected system 50.
  • the grid-connected system 50 combines power supplied by the solar cells 1a to 1d together and supplies same to a commercial power grid 30.
  • Each of the solar cells 1a to 1d is configured by connecting cells of solar cells in series.
  • the number of cells of each of the solar cells 1a to 1d changes depending on the surface area on which the solar cells 1a to 1d are installed and the like, and therefore the number varies depending on the solar cells 1a to 1d.
  • the grid-connected system 50 is provided with a current collection box 4 and a power conversion device 2.
  • the current collection box 4 includes lines La to Ld respectively connected to the plurality of solar cells 1a to 1d, and boosting units 40a to 40d respectively interposed on the lines La to Ld.
  • the current collection box 4 combines together and outputs the output of each of the lines La to Ld.
  • Each of the boosting units 40a to 40d includes a booster 41a to 41d for boosting an output voltage of the solar cell 1a to 1d, respectively.
  • Each of the boosters 41 a to 41 d also includes a boost controlling circuit 42a to 42d for controlling a boosting operation of the booster 41a to 41d.
  • Each of the boosters 41a to 41d is interposed on the line La to Ld.
  • Each of the boost controlling circuits 42a to 42d is connected to the boost controlling circuit 41 a to 41 d.
  • An output side of the boosters 41 a to 41d has a single connection within the current collection box 4.
  • the current collection box 4 combines together into one the power that is boosted and outputted by the boosters 41 a to 41 d, and outputs a direct current power thus combined to the power conversion device 2.
  • the same numerical reference symbol is given to elements of analogous constitution (e.g., the solar cells are designated "1"), and the same alphabetic reference symbol is given to elements in a connective relationship with one another (a solar cell 1 and a booster 41 in a connective relationship with each other are designated “solar cell 1a” and “booster 41 a,” respectively).
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a circuitry diagram of a booster of a current collection box belonging to a grid-connected system of a first embodiment.
  • a "non-isolated booster” is used, which is configured to include: a pair of terminals 88, 89; a reactor 81, a switch element 82 such as an isolated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), a diode 83, and a capacitor 84.
  • the solar cell 1 is connected to the pair of terminals 88, 89, and the reactor 81 and the diode 83 are connected in series to one terminal (a positive-side terminal) 88 of the terminals 88, 89.
  • the switch element 82 opens and closes between a connecting point between the reactor 81 and the diode 83, and the other terminal of the pair of terminals.
  • the capacitor 84 is connected between the diode 83 and the other terminal.
  • the booster 41 includes a current sensor 85 for detecting an input current, a voltage sensor 86 for detecting an input voltage, and a voltage sensor 87 for detecting an output voltage.
  • the booster 41 periodically opens and closes the switch element 82 on the basis of information obtained from these sensors, to obtain a predetermined boosting ratio.
  • the power conversion device 2 is provided with a booster 21 for boosting a direct current power outputted by the current collection box 4, an inverter circuit 23 for converting the direct current power outputted by the booster 21 to an alternating current power, and an inverter control circuit 22 for controlling the operations of the booster 21 and the inverter circuit 23.
  • the power conversion device 2 converts the direct current power outputted by the current collection box 4 to an alternating current power and superimposes same onto the commercial power grid 30.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a circuitry diagram of a power conversion device belonging to the grid-connected system of the first embodiment.
  • a circuitry configuration similar to that of the booster 41 can be used for the configuration of the booster 21, and therefore a description thereof is omitted.
  • the booster 21 uses a similar circuitry configuration, a separate control is carried out by the inverter control circuit 22.
  • the inverter circuit 23 is configured by connecting in parallel a first arm in which switch elements 51, 52 are connected in series, and a second arm in which switch elements 53, 54 are connected in series.
  • a switch element such as an IGBT may be used.
  • the inverter circuit 23 periodically opens and closes each of the switch elements 51 to 54 in conformity with a pulse width modulation (PWM) control of the inverter control circuit 22.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the inverter circuit 23 converts the direct current power outputted from the booster 21 into a three-phase alternating current power.
  • a filter circuit (low-pass filter) composed of reactors 61, 62 and a capacitor 63 is provided to a subsequent stage of the inverter circuit 23, and attenuates higher frequencies caused by the operation to open and close the switch elements 51 to 54.
  • the inverter circuit 23 also has a current sensor 91 for detecting the output current of the inverter circuit 23, and a voltage sensor 92 for detecting the output voltage of the inverter circuit 23.
  • the inverter control circuit 22 controls the booster 21 and the inverter circuit 23 by using the current values and voltage values detected by the voltage sensors 86, 87 and current sensor 85 belonging to the booster 21, and by the voltage sensor 92 and the current sensor 91 belonging to the inverter circuit 23.
  • the booster 41 begins boosting up after confirmation of the start-up (connection) of the power conversion device 2 upon start-up. Because of the use of a non-isolated booster for the booster 41 of the current collection box 4, the power conversion device 2 is able to start up because power is supplied via the reactor 81 and the diode 83, even without the booster 41 carrying out a boosting operation. When the power conversion device 2 starts up and begins connection, the start-up (connection) of the power conversion device 2 can be confirmed by an increase in the current detected by the current sensor 85.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a flow chart of the operation during start-up of the booster 41 of the current collection box 4.
  • a start-up process of the booster 41 comprises detecting an input current Icin to the booster 41, by using the current sensor 85 (step S11), and determining whether or not the input current Icin is greater than a predetermined value Icth (step S 13).
  • the booster 41 determines that the power conversion device has not started up, and the flow transitions to step S11. In a case where the input current Icin has increased and is greater than the predetermined value Icth, the power conversion device 2 is determined to have started up, operation of the booster 41 is begun at a previously established boosting ratio r, and the start-up process is concluded.
  • the boosters 41 begin, at regular intervals of a first period, an MPPT operation for operating so that the output power of the solar cells 1 connected to each other reaches a maximum. More specifically, one period of the first period is divided into a first duration for enabling the MPPT operation of the boosters, and a second duration in which the MPPT operation of the boosters is not carried out.
  • the boosters 41 carry out the MPPT operation during the first duration, but during the second duration carry out a constant boosting ratio operation in which the boosting ratio r is rendered constant (fixed). In this manner, the boosters 41 repeat the MPPT operation of the booster and the constant boosting ratio operation in regular intervals of the first period.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart of the operation for when the MPPT operation and the constant boosting ratio operation of the booster are carried out.
  • This input power Pc (the output power of a solar cell) can be found by detecting the input voltage Vcin and input current Icin of the booster 41 by using the voltage sensor 86 and the current sensor 85, and taking the product of the input voltage Vcin and the input current Icin.
  • step S22 a determination is made as to whether or not the absolute value of the power difference dPc is less than dPcth, and when the power difference dPc is less than the threshold value dPcth, the boosting ratio r at the time is fixed (step S24).
  • the constant boosting ratio operation is carried out in a case where the output power Pc of a solar cell 1 is near a maximum value ("Yes" for
  • the MPPT operation of the booster 41 comprises modifying the boosting ratio r in the same manner as the previous boosting ratio r has been modified in a case where the power difference dPc is positive (increasing when the boosting ratio r had been increased, and decreasing when the boosting ratio r had been decreased), but modifying the boosting ratio r in a manner different from the manner in which the previous boosting ratio r has been modified in a case where the power difference dPc is negative (decreasing when the boosting ratio r had been increased, and increasing when the boosting ratio r had been decreased).
  • the process of this step S33 is being carried out for the first time, whether to increase or decrease the boosting ratio r has been decided in advance, and the boosting ratio r is modified accordingly.
  • Step S25 is a step for controlling the duration of carrying out the MPPT operation, and comprises determining whether or not the counter value T had reached a value Tth1 (set appropriately to match the clock of the counter) corresponding to the duration of the first period B in step S25 (T > Tth1).
  • the boosting ratio r was fixed when dPc ⁇ dPcth in step S24, and the flow proceeds to a second duration C and the boosting ratio r is maintained without alteration when T is determined to be > Tth1.
  • the boosting ratio r may also be modified by the MPPT operation until the first duration B is timed, without determining that dPc ⁇ dPcth in step S22.
  • step S26 The operation in the second duration C (the constant boosting ratio operation), in which the MPPT operation is prohibited, is executed in step S26 to step S28. More specifically, when the second duration C commences, the value t of the counter is first reset, and the boosting ratio r at the time is stored (step S36). Thereafter, the boosting ratio is fixed to the stored boosting ratio r to control the power conversion device 2 (step S37), and the duration for carrying out the constant boosting ratio operation is controlled (step S38). In step S38, a determination is made as to whether or not the count value T has reached a value Tth2 (set appropriately to match the clock of the counter) corresponding to the duration of the second duration (T > Tth2).
  • the count value of the timer T is reset to zero (stepS39), following which the flow returns again to step S31, the boosting ratio R is changed, and the MPP operation is begun.
  • the boosting ratio r of when the timing of the first duration B has concluded is fixed and used for control.
  • the booster 41 in this manner, repeats the steps S21 to S29 and thereby repeats the MPPT operation and constant boosting ratio operation of the booster.
  • the booster 41 determines whether or not the output power Pc of the solar cell 1 is near the maximum value, decides upon MPPT operation or operation without modifying the boosting ratio (constant boosting ratio), prohibits the MPPT operation after the first duration B has elapsed, and begins the constant boosting ratio operation. For this reason, the booster 41 switches from the MPPT operation to the constant boosting ratio operation (see B' in FIGS. 7 , 9 , and 12 ) when the output power of the solar cell 1 becomes close to the maximum value during the MPPT operation in the first duration B. So doing makes it possible to increase the duration for carrying out the constant boosting ratio operation during the fixed first period A, and therefore makes it possible to reduce the duration for carrying out the MPPT operation of the booster, which has an impact on the MPPT operation of the power conversion device.
  • the power conversion device 2 begins an initial operation, before beginning connection, when the input voltage is greater than a predetermined value (for example, about DC 100 V).
  • a predetermined value for example, about DC 100 V
  • the booster 21 in the power conversion device 2 begins boosting.
  • the power conversion device 2 begins to generate an alternating current of a phase synchronized to that of the commercial power grid, using the inverter circuit 23, and begins to close a grid-connecting relay (not shown) to begin connection.
  • the power conversion device 2 begins the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2, for operating so that the direct current power obtained by collecting together the power outputted by the solar cells 1a to 1d, at regular intervals of a predetermined second period X. More specifically, one period of the second period X is divided into a third duration Y for enabling the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2 and a fourth duration Z for prohibiting the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2.
  • the power conversion device 2 carries out the MPPT operation during the third duration Y, but during the fourth duration Z carries out a constant target current operation for operating so that a target value of the output current of the inverter circuit 23 of the power conversion device 2 is kept constant. In this manner, during grid connection, the power conversion device 2 repeats the MPPT operation and the constant target current operation of the power conversion device 2 at regular intervals of the second period.
  • the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2 is carried out as follows, as one example.
  • An input power Ppin (the product of the input current Ipin and the input voltage Vpin) supplied to the booster 21 becomes substantially equal to an output power Ppo superimposed onto the commercial power grid 30 when the conversion efficiency of the power conversion device 2 is understood to be 100% (hereinbelow, the conversion efficiency is treated as being 100%, but a suitable constant may be applied in cases where this conversion efficiency is being considered).
  • the generated power of the solar cells 1 is supplied to the power conversion device 2 by way of the current collection box B, and becomes the input power Ppin, and therefore when the amount of power generated by the solar cells 1 fluctuates, the value of the input power Ppin also changes.
  • the input power Ppi and the output power Ppo are substantially the same, and therefore the input power Ppin can be found from the output current Ipo supplied to the commercial power grid 30 provided that the voltage of the commercial power grid 30 is constant (for example, AC 200 V with a single-phase three-line system). Consequently, the value of the output power Ppo can be matched to the current generated power of the solar cells 1 by changing the value of the output current Ipo.
  • the inverter circuit 23 controls the switching elements 51 to 54 with a switching signal based on a PWM format obtained by modulating a carrier wave and a sinusoidal modulation wave, to output a single-phase pseudo-sine wave.
  • the amplitude of the pseudo-sine wave is the voltage outputted from the booster 21, and thus the output current Ipo can be controlled by changing the boosting ratio of the booster 21. Consequently, with the maximum value of the generated power of the solar cells at this time, the output current Ipo should be controlled with a target value It, at which the input voltage Ppin tracks a maximum, when the target value It of the output current Ipo is changed.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart of the operation of the power conversion device during the grid connection.
  • step S32 a determination is made as to whether the absolute value of the power difference dPp is less than dPpth and the absolute value of the power difference dPp is less than the threshold value dPpth, then the target value It at the time is fixed (step S34).
  • the constant target current operation is carried out in a case where the input power Ppin is near the maximum value ("Yes" for
  • the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2 comprises modifying the target value It in the same manner as the previous target value It has been modified in a case where the power difference dPp is positive (increasing when the target value had been increased, and decreasing when the target value had been decreased), but modifying the target value It in a manner different from the manner in which the previous target value It has been modified in a case where the power difference dPp is negative (decreasing when the target value had been increased, and increasing when the target value had been decreased).
  • step S33 is being carried out for the first time, whether to increase or decrease the target value It has been decided in advance, and the target value It is modified accordingly.
  • Step S35 is a step for controlling the duration for carrying out the MPPT operation; in step S35, a determination is made as to whether or not the count value T has reached a value Tth3 (set appropriately to match the clock of the counter) equivalent to the duration of the third duration Y (T > Tth3).
  • Tth3 set appropriately to match the clock of the counter
  • the target value It for the current is fixed when dPp ⁇ dPpth in step S34; upon determination that T > Tth3, the flow proceeds to a fourth duration Z, and the target value It continues without alteration.
  • the target value It for the current may also be modified by an MPPT operation until the third duration Y is timed, without determining that dPp ⁇ dPpth in step S32.
  • step S36 The operation of the fourth duration Z (the constant target current operation) for prohibiting the MPPT operation is executed in step S36 to step S38. More specifically, when the fourth duration Z commences, the value t of the time is first reset, and the target value It at the time is stored (step S36). Thereafter, the target value is fixed to the stored target value It and the power conversion device 2 is controlled (step S37), and the duration for carrying out the constant target current operation is controlled (step S38). In step S38, a determination is made as to whether or not the count value T has reached a value Tth4 (set appropriately to match the clock of the counter) equivalent to the duration of the fourth duration Z (T > Tth4).
  • Tth4 set appropriately to match the clock of the counter
  • step S39 the count value of the timer T has been reset (step S39), following which the flow returns again to step S31, the target value It of the output current Ipo is changed, and the MPP operation is begun.
  • the target value It of when the timing of the third duration Y has concluded is fixed and used for control.
  • the MPPT operation would be continued throughout the X duration of one period, and the target value It would be recalculated at all times.
  • the input power Ppin is found by the product of the input voltage Vpin and the input current Ipin of the booster 21, but it would also be possible to replace with the product of the input voltage and input current of the inverter circuit 23.
  • the power conversion device 2 in this manner, repeats the steps S31 to S39 and thereby repeats the MPPT operation and constant target current operation of the power conversion device 2.
  • the power conversion device 41 determines whether or not the input power Ppin is near the maximum value, decides upon MPPT operation or operation without modifying the target value of the output current (constant target current, prohibits the MPPT operation after the second period X has elapsed, and begins the constant target current operation. For this reason, the booster 41 switches from the MPPT operation to the constant target current operation (see Y' in FIGS. 7 and 9 ) when the input power Ppin reaches near the maximum value during the MPPT operation in the third duration Y.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a time chart representing when the current collection box and the power conversion device in the first embodiment are operating.
  • FIGS. 7A to 7D illustrate time charts of when the boosters 41a to 41d, respectively, carry out the MPPT operation
  • FIG. 7E illustrates a time chart representing when the power conversion device 2 carries out the MPPT operation.
  • the white duration C corresponds to the second duration C, described above, in which the MPPT operation of the booster 41 is prohibited and the constant boosting ratio operation is carried out
  • the diagonally hatched duration B corresponds to the first duration B, described above, in which the MPPT operation of the booster 41 is carried out.
  • the duration A obtained by adding together the first duration B and the second duration C, is equivalent to the first period A.
  • the duration E surrounded by the dotted line, corresponds to a duration in which the boosters 41a to 41d do not operate, or alternatively to a duration in which the operation during start-up is being carried out.
  • the white duration Z corresponds to the fourth duration Z, described above, in which the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2 is prohibited and the constant target current operation is carried out
  • the obliquely hatched duration Y corresponds to the third duration Y, described above, in which the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2 is carried out.
  • the duration X obtained by adding up the third duration Y and the fourth duration Z, corresponds to the second period X.
  • the point-hatched duration S corresponds to the duration in which the power conversion device 2 carries out the initial operation.
  • a duration in which the power conversion device 2 does not operate exists before the duration in which the initial operation is carried out, but has been omitted herein.
  • the first period A is divided into the first duration B for enabling the MPPT operation of the boosters 41 and the second duration C for prohibiting the MPPT operation of the boosters 41
  • the second period X is divided into the third duration Y for enabling the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2 and the fourth duration Z for prohibiting the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2.
  • the length of the first period A and the length of the second period X are rendered different. For this reason, it is possible to shift the time slots where the MPPT operation of the boosters 41 and the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2 are carried out, and possible to prevent the MPPT operation of the boosters 41 from interfering with the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2.
  • the boosters 41 and the power conversion device 2 merely have different control periods, and do not operate by receiving commands from other circuits; accordingly, there is no need to carry out a particular setting for a control circuit for controlling these circuits, making it easy to increase or reduce the lines through the boosters for boosting the output voltage of the solar cells and supplying power.
  • the length of the second period X is less than the length of the first period A.
  • the output power of the grid-connected system 50 overall is thus more frequently maximized, and the output power of the individual solar cells is maximized more slowly.
  • the length of the second duration C is rendered greater than the length of the third duration Y. For this reason, one entire MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2 can be carried out during the second duration C in which the MPPT operation of the boosters 41 has no impact. For this reason, the MPPT operation of the boosters 41 can be better prevented from interfering with the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2.
  • the length of the fourth duration Z is rendered greater than the length of the first duration B. For this reason, one entire MPPT operation of the boosters can be carried out within the fourth duration. This makes it possible to better prevent the MPPT operation of the boosters from interfering with the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2.
  • the period for the boosters in which the MPPT operation of the boosters is begun, and the period of the other boosters in which the MPPT operation of the boosters 41 is begun are different (in the first embodiment, all of the first periods A are set to a different length). Accordingly, for the boosters 41a to 41d, it is possible to shift the timings for carrying out the MPPT operation of each of the boosters 41, as illustrated in FIG. 7 . It is also possible to reduce the time slots in which a plurality of the boosters 41 a to 41 d are carrying out the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2 at the same time. This makes it possible to prevent the MPPT operation of the boosters 41 for the boosters 41 a to 41 d from simultaneously interfering with the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2.
  • the first period A differs for each of the boosters 41a to 41 d
  • the first period is lengthened in correspondence to a solar cell of greater output (for example, the rated output power or the number of series of solar cells)
  • a solar cell of greater output for example, the rated output power or the number of series of solar cells
  • the MPPT operation of the boosters 41 can be better prevented from interfering with the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2.
  • the first period A differs for each of the boosters 41a to 41d
  • the first period is reduced in correspondence to a solar cell of greater output (for example, the rated output power or the number of series of solar cell cells)
  • a solar cell of greater output for example, the rated output power or the number of series of solar cell cells
  • the length obtained by adding the lengths of the first duration B within the first period A of each of the boosters 41 a to 41 d is set so as to be less than the length of the second duration C of any of the boosters 41 a to 41 d.
  • the boosters 41 a to 41 d of the present example have a configuration in which the first period A is modified.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an external view of the current collection box 4 of the present example.
  • a number of rotary switches 43a to 43d commensurate with the boosters 41 may be provided, each of the rotary switches 43a to 43d being respectively used to modify the first period A of the boosters 41 a to 41d.
  • the boosters 41a to 41d are respectively allocated to the rotary switches 43a to 43d, and the length of the first period A can be set in accordance with the position of rotation of the rotary switches 43a to 43d.
  • operating a button 45 while also viewing a display unit 44 may enable modification of the first period A of the boosters 41 a to 4 1 d.
  • the configuration used can be otherwise similar with respect to the configuration described thus far, and therefore a description thereof has been omitted.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a time chart representing when a current collection box and a power conversion device in a second embodiment are operating.
  • FIGS. 9A to 9D illustrate time charts representing when the boosters 41a to 41 d, respectively, are carrying out the MPPT operation
  • FIG. 9E illustrates a time chart representing when the power conversion device 2 is carrying out the MPPT operation.
  • FIGS. 9A to 9D the representation of each of the periods and durations A to C, E, S, and Y to Z is the same as in FIG. 7 , and therefore a description thereof has been omitted.
  • the length of the second period X is greater than the length of the first period A. This causes the output power of the grid-connected system 50 overall to be more slowly maximized, and causes the output power of the individual solar cells to be more frequently maximized.
  • the fourth duration is also longer than the first period A of each of the boosters. This provides a duration in which, during the fourth duration of the power conversion device 2, all of the boosters carry out at least one MPPT operation. This causes the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2 to be carried out with the output power of the individual solar cells having been maximized in all of the boosters 41a to 41 d, and therefore the output power of the grid-connected system 50 overall is more readily maximized.
  • the boosters 41 prohibited the MPPT operation and began the constant boosting ratio operation when the fixed first duration B had elapsed, but the MPPT operation may be prohibited and the constant boosting ratio operation carried out in a case where the output power Pc of the solar cells 1 is determined to be near the maximum value.
  • This configuration allows for the length of the first duration B to be modified in accordance with the output power Pc of the solar cells 1, and the length of the second duration C would then be fixed to a constant length.
  • the flow would transition to the second duration B when the output power Pc of the solar cells 1 reaches near the maximum value, and therefore the first duration B would be shorter and the first period A would also be shorter (the length of the first period A changes).
  • the timing at which the MPPT control of the boosters is begun is shifted. For this reason, it is possible to shift the durations in which the MPPT operation of the boosters and the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2 are carried out simultaneously, and therefore possible to minimize the impact of the MPPT operation of the boosters 41 on the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2.
  • the power conversion device 2 prohibited the MPPT operation and began the constant target current operation after the fixed third duration Y had elapsed, but the MPPT operation may be prohibited and the constant target current operation carried out in a case where the input power Ppin is determined to be near the maximum value.
  • This configuration allows for the length of the third duration Y to be modified in accordance with the input power Ppin, and the length of the fourth duration Z would then be fixed to a constant length.
  • the flow would transition to the fourth duration Z when the input power Ppin reaches near the maximum value, and therefore the third duration Y would be shorter and the second period X would also be shorter (the length of the second period X changes).
  • the timing at which the MPPT control of the power conversion device 2 is begun is shifted. For this reason, it is possible to shift the durations in which the MPPT operation of the boosters and the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2 are carried out simultaneously, and therefore possible to minimize the impact of the MPPT operation of the boosters 41 on the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2.
  • the booster 21 was provided to the power conversion device 2 as well, but it would also be possible to employ a configuration in which the booster 21 is not provided to the power conversion device 2, as illustrated in FIG. 10 .
  • boosters 41a to 41d boosting units 40a to 40d
  • any one of the solar cells 1 may also not have a booster 41 (boosting unit 40) connected, the solar cell 1a being connected directly to the output side of another booster 41, as illustrated in FIG. 11 .
  • the third duration for carrying out the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2 and the fourth duration for prohibiting the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2 were provided and a constant second period X was set, but the fourth duration may be set to zero (see FIG. 12 ).
  • the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2 would be carried out substantially at all times. Because a duration for prohibiting the MPPT operation of the boosters 41 is provided to the first period A, thus forming a duration in which the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2 and the MPPT operation of the boosters 41 of the current collection box 4 are not carried out simultaneously, any interference conceivably produced between the two MPPT operations would then be eliminated during this duration.
  • the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2 is repeatedly carried out at a timing of a program incorporated into the main routine of a microcomputer program within the power conversion device 2, and an operation of comparison of maximum power is carried out and the boosting ratio is updated at regular intervals of this repetition period.
  • a non-isolated booster was used for the boosters 41 of the current collection box 4, but it would also be possible to use an isolated booster 140, in which a transformer 141 is used, as illustrated in FIG. 13 .
  • the booster 140 has on a primary side a circuit in which a primary-side winding of the transformer 141 and a switch element 142 are connected together in series.
  • the booster 140 also has a rectifier 144 on a secondary side, and has a circuit in which a secondary-side winding of the transformer 141 being connected to an alternating current side of the rectifier 144, a diode 143 being connected in series with a direct current side of the rectifier 144, and a capacitor 145 being connected in parallel with the rectifier 144 and a series circuit of the diode 143.
  • the booster 140 also has the current sensor 85 for detecting the input current, the voltage sensor 86 for detecting the input voltage, and the voltage sensor 87 for detecting the output voltage; the switch element 142 is periodically opened or closed to obtain a predetermined boosting ratio on the basis of information obtained from these sensors.
  • the output power of the solar cells 1 is not supplied to the power conversion device 2 when the switch element 142 is opened, and therefore start-up from the current collection box 4 is necessary.
  • the operation of the isolated booster 140 can be handled by adding a step for operating with a constant boosting ratio before step S11 of FIG. 4 .
  • the booster 140 illustrated in FIG. 13 is one example of an isolated booster; the same may also apply to other isolated boosters.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
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EP20120764941 2011-03-30 2012-03-16 Stromsammelbox Withdrawn EP2693289A4 (de)

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PCT/JP2012/056804 WO2012132949A1 (ja) 2011-03-30 2012-03-16 集電箱

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EP3089310A4 (de) * 2013-12-24 2016-12-28 Panasonic Ip Man Co Ltd Stromwandlungssystem, wandlervorrichtung, wechselrichtervorrichtung und stromwandlungssystemherstellungsverfahren
EP3151422A4 (de) * 2014-06-27 2017-06-28 Edisun Solitec Co., Ltd. In ein dach integriertes photovoltaikmodul mit vorrichtungen zum steigern und optimieren des photovoltaischen wirkungsgrades
WO2018149375A1 (en) 2017-02-16 2018-08-23 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Distributed/central optimizer architecture
EP2276137B1 (de) * 2009-07-09 2018-11-07 Kostal Industrie Elektrik GmbH Photovoltaikanlage
US10651735B2 (en) 2017-02-06 2020-05-12 Futurewei Technologies, Inc. Series stacked DC-DC converter with serially connected DC power sources and capacitors

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JP6106568B2 (ja) * 2013-10-02 2017-04-05 山洋電気株式会社 電力変換装置
US9621019B2 (en) * 2014-11-07 2017-04-11 Power Intergrations, Inc. Indirect regulation of output current in power converter
CN104883121B (zh) * 2015-05-25 2017-01-25 浙江大学 基于功率‑电压拟合曲线的光伏电池控制方法
KR20170008041A (ko) * 2015-07-13 2017-01-23 엘지전자 주식회사 이동 단말기 및 그것의 제어 방법
JP6785633B2 (ja) * 2016-12-07 2020-11-18 三菱電機株式会社 電力変換装置
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KR102518182B1 (ko) * 2018-02-14 2023-04-07 현대자동차주식회사 친환경 차량용 컨버터 제어장치 및 방법

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EP2276137B1 (de) * 2009-07-09 2018-11-07 Kostal Industrie Elektrik GmbH Photovoltaikanlage
EP3089310A4 (de) * 2013-12-24 2016-12-28 Panasonic Ip Man Co Ltd Stromwandlungssystem, wandlervorrichtung, wechselrichtervorrichtung und stromwandlungssystemherstellungsverfahren
WO2015177493A1 (en) * 2014-05-19 2015-11-26 Shamba Technologies Ltd Improvements in solar power
EP3151422A4 (de) * 2014-06-27 2017-06-28 Edisun Solitec Co., Ltd. In ein dach integriertes photovoltaikmodul mit vorrichtungen zum steigern und optimieren des photovoltaischen wirkungsgrades
US10033327B2 (en) 2014-06-27 2018-07-24 Edisun Solitec Co., Ltd. Roof integrated photovoltaic module with a device capable of improving and optimizing photovoltaic efficiency
US10651735B2 (en) 2017-02-06 2020-05-12 Futurewei Technologies, Inc. Series stacked DC-DC converter with serially connected DC power sources and capacitors
WO2018149375A1 (en) 2017-02-16 2018-08-23 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Distributed/central optimizer architecture
EP3571751A4 (de) * 2017-02-16 2020-01-08 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Verteilte/zentrale optimiererarchitektur
US10665743B2 (en) 2017-02-16 2020-05-26 Futurewei Technologies, Inc. Distributed/central optimizer architecture

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US20140008983A1 (en) 2014-01-09
JPWO2012132949A1 (ja) 2014-07-28
MY166294A (en) 2018-06-25
JP5887500B2 (ja) 2016-03-16
WO2012132949A1 (ja) 2012-10-04
CN103477524A (zh) 2013-12-25
EP2693289A4 (de) 2015-03-18

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