EP2693153B1 - Wärmetauscherelement und wärmetauscher - Google Patents

Wärmetauscherelement und wärmetauscher Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2693153B1
EP2693153B1 EP12764522.4A EP12764522A EP2693153B1 EP 2693153 B1 EP2693153 B1 EP 2693153B1 EP 12764522 A EP12764522 A EP 12764522A EP 2693153 B1 EP2693153 B1 EP 2693153B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
honeycomb structure
heat exchanger
heat
outer peripheral
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP12764522.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2693153A1 (de
EP2693153A4 (de
Inventor
Yoshio Suzuki
Yuta MATSUNO
Hiroharu KOBAYASHI
Tatsuo Kawaguchi
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NGK Insulators Ltd
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NGK Insulators Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2693153A1 publication Critical patent/EP2693153A1/de
Publication of EP2693153A4 publication Critical patent/EP2693153A4/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2825—Ceramics
    • F01N3/2828—Ceramic multi-channel monoliths, e.g. honeycombs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F01N3/2889—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with heat exchangers in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0008—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium
    • F28D7/0025—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium the conduits for one medium or the conduits for both media being flat tubes or arrays of tubes
    • F28D7/0033—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium the conduits for one medium or the conduits for both media being flat tubes or arrays of tubes the conduits for one medium or the conduits for both media being bent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/04—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of ceramic; of concrete; of natural stone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F7/00—Elements not covered by group F28F1/00, F28F3/00 or F28F5/00
    • F28F7/02—Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger element for transferring heat of the first fluid (high temperature side) to the second fluid (low temperature side) and a heat exchanger.
  • the invention relates, in particular, to a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1. This type of heat exchanger is known from JP09327627 .
  • heat recovery from high temperature gas such as combustion exhaust gas of an engine or the like.
  • gas/liquid heat exchanger fin-provided tube type heat exchangers of an automobile radiator and an air-conditioning outdoor unit are general.
  • heat resistant metal and ceramic material, and the like having thermal resistance, thermal shock resistance, corrosion resistance, and so on are suitable.
  • heat resistant metal has problems of difficulty in machining, high density and high weight, and low thermal conduction in addition to high price.
  • Patent Document 1 there is disclosed a ceramic heat exchange body, wherein a heating body passage is disposed from one end face to the other end face of a ceramic main body, and wherein a passage for a body to be heated is formed between the heating body passages, and extending in the direction perpendicular to the heating body passages.
  • Patent Document 2 there is disclosed a ceramic heat exchanger, wherein a plurality of ceramic heat exchange bodies each having a heating fluid passage and a non-heating fluid passage formed therein are disposed in a casing with an unfired ceramic string-shaped seal material laid between the corresponding faces to be bonded together of the heat exchange bodies.
  • Patent Documents 1 and 2 have poor productivity because of a large number of steps such as plugging and slit-forming, the costs are high.
  • the passages of gas/liquid are disposed in every other row, the piping structure and seal structure of the fluid become complicated.
  • a coefficient of heat transfer of liquid is generally 10 to 100 times larger than that of gas, the heat transfer area on the gas side is insufficient in these techniques, and the heat exchanger becomes large in proportion to the heat transfer area of the gas which limits the heat exchanger performance.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger element and a heat exchanger which realize downsizing, weight saving, and cost reduction in comparison with a conventional heat exchange body, heat exchanger, and the like.
  • the present inventors have found out that the aforementioned object can be solved by specifying the relation between the size and the coefficient of thermal conductivity of a honeycomb structure functioning as a heat exchanger element in the case of heat exchange by putting a heat exchanger element formed as a honeycomb structure in a casing, passing the first fluid through the cells of the honeycomb structure, and passing the second fluid along the outer peripheral face of the honeycomb structure in the casing. That is, according to the present invention, there are provided the following honeycomb-structured heat exchanger element and heat exchanger having high temperature efficiency, small volume of the honeycomb portion, and small pressure drop of the first fluid.
  • a heat exchanger element and a heat exchanger of the present invention have a structure which is not complicated and can realize downsizing, weight saving, and cost reduction in comparison with a conventional heat exchange body (heat exchanger or its device). In addition, they have equivalent or better temperature efficiency.
  • Fig. 1A is a perspective view showing a heat exchanger element of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1B is a cross-sectional view cut along a cross section parallel to the axial direction, where the heat exchanger element is formed as a cylindrical honeycomb structure 1.
  • Fig. 2A shows a perspective view of a heat exchanger 30 where a heat exchanger element having a cylindrical honeycomb structure 1 is housed in a casing 21,
  • Fig. 2B shows a cross-sectional view cut along a cross section parallel to the axial direction, and
  • Fig. 2C shows a cross-sectional view cut along a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction.
  • the honeycomb structure 1 of the heat exchanger element is formed into a cylindrical shape.
  • the casing 21 of the heat exchanger 30 of the present embodiment is formed linearly in such a manner that the honeycomb structure 1,which forms the first fluid passage portion 5 from the first fluid inlet port 25 to the first fluid outlet port 26, engages with the casing 21.
  • the second fluid passage portion 6 from the second fluid inlet port 22 to the second fluid outlet port 23 is formed linearly.
  • the honeycomb structure 1 is provided to be engaged with the casing 21.
  • the inlet port 22 and the outlet port 23 of the second fluid are formed oppositely across the honeycomb structure 1.
  • the heat exchanger 30 is provided with the first fluid passage portion 5 and the second fluid passage portion 6.
  • the first fluid passage portion 5 is formed of a honeycomb structure 1 having a plurality of cells 3 partitioned by ceramic partition walls 4, passing through in the axial direction from one end face 2 to the other end face 2, and allowing the heating body as the first fluid to pass therethrough.
  • the second fluid passage portion 6 is formed of the casing 21 containing the honeycomb structure 1 therein, wherein the second fluid inlet port 22 and the second fluid outlet port 23 are formed in the casing 21, and the second fluid flows over the outer peripheral face 7 of the honeycomb structure 1 inside the casing 21 to receive heat from the first fluid.
  • the second fluid flows over the outer peripheral face 7 of the honeycomb structure 1 includes both of the case where the second fluid is brought into direct contact with the outer peripheral face 7 of the honeycomb structure 1 and the case where the second fluid is not brought into direct contact with the outer peripheral face 7 of the honeycomb structure 1.
  • the honeycomb structure 1 as a heat exchanger element housed in the casing 21 has a plurality of cells 3 partitioned by ceramic partition walls 4, passing through from one end face 2 to the other end face 2, and allowing a heating body as the first fluid to pass therethrough.
  • the heat exchanger 30 is configured in such a manner that the first fluid, which has higher temperature than the second fluid, passes through the cells 3 of the honeycomb structure 1.
  • the second fluid passage portion 6 is formed by the inner peripheral face 24 of the casing 21 and the outer peripheral face 7 of the honeycomb structure 1.
  • the second fluid passage portion 6 is a passage portion for the second fluid, which is formed by the casing 21 and the outer peripheral face 7 of the honeycomb structure 1.
  • the second fluid passage portion 6 is separated from the first fluid passage portion 5 by the partition walls 4 of the honeycomb structure 1 to be able to conduct heat, receives heat of the first fluid passing through the first fluid passage portion 5 via the partition walls 4, and transfers heat to the body to be heated, which is the second fluid passing therethrough.
  • the first fluid and the second fluid are completely separated from each other and never mixed together.
  • the first fluid passage portion 5 is formed as a honeycomb structure.
  • a honeycomb structure when a fluid passes through a cell 3, the fluid cannot flow into another cell 3 because of the partition walls 4 and linearly moves from the inlet port to the outlet port of the honeycomb structure 1.
  • the honeycomb structure 1 in a heat exchanger 30 of the present invention is not plugged, the heat transfer area of the fluid is increased, and the size of the heat exchanger can be reduced. This enables to increase the heat transfer amount per unit volume of the heat exchanger. Further, since it is not necessary to form plugging portions or to form slits in the honeycomb structure 1, the heat exchanger 30 enables to reduce production costs.
  • a heat exchanger element of the present invention when thermal conductivity of a material for the partition walls 4 of the honeycomb structure 1 forming the first fluid passage portion 5 is taken as ⁇ [W/K ⁇ m], and the wall thickness of the partition walls 4 is taken as t [mm], and the cell density is taken as ⁇ [cells/sq.in.] in a cell structure of the honeycomb structure 1; t ⁇ 0.2, ⁇ >100, 20 ⁇ t ⁇ 250, and 10,000 ⁇ .
  • t ⁇ 20 ⁇ t ⁇ 250, preferably 80 ⁇ t ⁇ 250.
  • t ⁇ 20 ⁇ t ⁇ 250, preferably 80 ⁇ t ⁇ 250.
  • t ⁇ enables to transfer heat of the first fluid effectively to the outer peripheral wall 7h portion which exchanges heat with the second fluid and to reduce pressure drop generated by the first fluid while maintaining the temperature efficiency.
  • ⁇ 10,000 ⁇ , more preferably 20,000 ⁇ .
  • ⁇ enables to efficiently transfer the heat of the first fluid to the outer peripheral wall 7h portion which exchanges heat with the second fluid while keeping the pressure drop small.
  • ⁇ [mm] means a circle-equivalent diameter, which is a diameter of a circle having the same area as the area of the heat collection portion.
  • the heat collection portion means the portion collecting heat from the first fluid, and in case of the honeycomb structure 1, it means the portion where the cells 3 are formed (excluding the outer peripheral wall 7h). If the honeycomb structure 1 has a cylindrical shape, the diameter of the portion excluding the outer peripheral wall 7h is ⁇ . If a cross sectional area of cross sections perpendicular to the axial direction of the honeycomb structure 1 is the same, regardless of the shape of the honeycomb structure 1, since the average distance from each point of the heat collection portion to the outer peripheral wall 7h becomes the same, the heat exchange amount becomes almost the same. Therefore, the temperature efficiency can be improved by specifying parameters including the circle-equivalent diameter.
  • L/ ⁇ is preferably 1.6 6 ⁇ L/ ⁇ 7.5, more preferably 2 ⁇ L/ ⁇ 5.
  • Such ranges of ⁇ and L/ ⁇ enable to efficiently transfer the heat of the first fluid to the outer peripheral wall portion which exchanges heat with the second fluid and to obtain a heat exchanger element capable of reducing the pressure drop generated by the first fluid while maintaining the temperature efficiency.
  • a heat exchanger 30 of the present invention it is preferable that the first fluid having higher temperature than the second fluid is passed so that heat is transferred from the first fluid to the second fluid.
  • a gas is passed as the first fluid, and a liquid is passed as the second fluid, heat exchange between the first fluid and the second fluid can efficiently be performed. That is, a heat exchanger 30 of the present invention can be applied as a gas/liquid heat exchanger.
  • a heat exchanger 30 of the present invention by passing the first fluid having higher temperature than the second fluid through the cells of the honeycomb structure 1, heat of the first fluid can efficiently be transferred to the honeycomb structure 1. That is, the total resistance of heat transfer is the heat resistance from the first fluid to the honeycomb structure 1 + the heat resistance of the partition walls 4 + the heat resistance from the honeycomb structure 1 to the second fluid, and the rate-determining factor is the heat resistance from the first fluid to the honeycomb structure 1.
  • the first fluid passes through the cells 3
  • the contact area between the first fluid and the honeycomb structure 1 is large, and the heat resistance from the first fluid to the honeycomb structure 1, which is the rate-determining factor, can be reduced. Therefore, in the heat exchanger element shown in Fig.
  • a heat exchanger 30 of the present invention is constructed of the honeycomb structure 1 serving as the first fluid passage portion 5 (high temperature side) of the honeycomb structure, where the first fluid (heating body) passes, and the casing 21, whose inside serves as the second fluid passage portion 6. Since the first fluid passage portion 5 is formed of the heat exchanger element of the honeycomb structure 1, the heat exchange can efficiently be performed.
  • the honeycomb structure 1 a plurality of cells 3 functioning as passages by the partition walls 4 are separated and formed, and, for the cell shape, a desired shape may appropriately be selected from a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, a quadrangle, other polygons, and the like.
  • a module structure to which a plurality of honeycomb structures 1 are bonded, can be employed (see Fig. 4A ) .
  • the shape of the honeycomb structure 1 shown in Figs. 1A and 1B is cylindrical, the shape is not limited to this and may be another shape such as a quadrangular prism (see Fig. 3A ) or a structure of a honeycomb assembly satisfying the conditions (see Figs. 4A to 4C ).
  • the embodiment shown in Figs. 3A and 3B is a heat exchanger 30 where the first fluid and the second fluid exchange heat by a countercurrent.
  • the countercurrent means that the second fluid flows in the reverse direction parallel to the direction of the flow of the first fluid.
  • the direction of passing the second fluid is not limited to the opposite direction (countercurrent) of the first fluid-flowing direction and can appropriately be selected and designed, such as the same direction (parallel flow) or at a certain angle (0° ⁇ 180°: excluding a right angle).
  • a plurality of honeycomb structures 1 are disposed in the casing 21 with the outer peripheral faces 7 facing one another in the state that the honeycomb structures 1 mutually have a gap where the second fluid passes.
  • Fig. 4A schematically shows the arrangement of the honeycomb structures 1, where the casing 21 and the like are omitted.
  • the honeycomb structures 1 are stacked in three rows vertically and four rows horizontally with gaps. Such a configuration increases the number of cells 3 where the first fluid passes and can pass a large amount of the first fluid.
  • the contact area between the outer peripheral faces 7 of the honeycomb structures 1 and the second fluid is large, and therefore the heat exchange between the first fluid and the second fluid can effectively be performed.
  • the circle-equivalent diameter ⁇ is a value obtained regarding each honeycomb structure 1.
  • Figs. 4B and 4C show an embodiment having an equilateral staggered arrangement of a plurality of honeycomb structures 1.
  • Fig. 4B is a perspective view
  • Fig. 4C is a view from the first fluid inlet port side.
  • the plural honeycomb structures 1 are disposed in such a manner that the lines joining the central axes 1j of the honeycomb structures 1 form equilateral triangles.
  • Such arrangement enables to pass the second fluid uniformly between the honeycomb structures 1 (among the modules), thereby improving the temperature efficiency. Therefore, in the case of disposing a plurality of honeycomb structures 1, an equilateral staggered arrangement is preferable.
  • the equilateral staggered arrangement gives a kind of a fin structure to make the flow of the second fluid turbulent, thereby making heat exchange with the first fluid easier.
  • Fig. 4D shows an embodiment where honeycomb structures 1 having different sizes are included.
  • complementary honeycomb structures 1h are disposed in the gaps among the honeycomb structures 1 having an equilateral staggered arrangement.
  • the complementary honeycomb structures 1h are for filling up the gaps, and the size and shape are different from those of the other general honeycomb structures 1. That is, it is not necessary that all the honeycomb structures 1 have the same size and shape.
  • the complementary honeycomb structures 1h having different size and shape the gaps between the casing 21 and the honeycomb structures 1 are filled up, thereby improving the temperature efficiency.
  • the density of the partition walls 4 of the cells 3 of the honeycomb structure 1 is preferably 0.5 to 5 g/cm 3 .
  • the partition walls 4 When the density is below 0.5 g/cm 3 , the partition walls 4 have insufficient strength, and the partition walls 4 may break due to pressure when the first fluid passes through the passage.
  • the honeycomb structure 1 when it is above 5 g/cm 3 , the honeycomb structure 1 itself becomes heavy, and the characteristic of weight reduction may be impaired.
  • the density within the aforementioned range enables to make the honeycomb structure 1 strong. In addition, an effect of improving thermal conductivity can be obtained.
  • the honeycomb structure 1 is preferably formed of electrical conductive ceramic containing silicon carbide.
  • thermal conductivity ⁇ [W/mK] at room temperature is preferably 10 ⁇ 300 though it is not limited thereto.
  • a corrosion resistant metal material such as Fe-Cr-Al-based alloy.
  • a heat exchanger 30 of the present invention it is more preferable to use a material containing silicon carbide having high thermal conduction as the material for the honeycomb structure 1.
  • silicon carbide cannot obtain high coefficient of thermal conductivity when it is a porous body
  • the dense body structure high coefficient of thermal conductivity can be obtained.
  • a silicon carbide porous body it is about 20 W/mK.
  • by densifying the body it can be made about 150 W/mK.
  • Si-impregnated SiC, (Si+Al) -impregnated SiC, metal composite SiC, Si 3 N 4 , and SiC in particular, densified material consisting of SiC is preferable
  • SiC Si-impregnated SiC
  • metal composite SiC, Si 3 N 4 , and SiC in particular, densified material consisting of SiC is preferable
  • SiC densified material consisting of SiC is preferable
  • Si-impregnated SiC or (Si+Al) -impregnated SiC in order to obtain a dense body structure for obtaining high temperature efficiency.
  • Si-impregnated SiC has a structure where a solidification of metal silicon melt surrounds the surface of a SiC particle and where SiC is unitarily bonded by means of metal silicate, silicon carbide is blocked from an atmosphere containing oxygen and inhibited from oxidation.
  • SiC is characterized by high thermal conductivity and easy heat dissipation
  • SiC impregnated with Si is formed densely while showing high thermal conductivity and heat resistance, thereby showing sufficient strength as a heat transfer member. That is, a honeycomb structure 1 formed of a Si-SiC based (Si-impregnated SiC, (Si+Al)-impregnated SiC) material shows a characteristic excellent in corrosion resistance against acid and alkali in addition to thermal resistance, thermal shock resistance, and oxidation resistance and shows high thermal conductivity.
  • the honeycomb structure 1 employs Si-impregnated SiC composite material or (Si+Al) -impregnated SiC as the main component
  • Si-impregnated SiC composite material or (Si+Al) -impregnated SiC as the main component
  • the Si content is preferably 5 to 50 mass%, more preferably 10 to 40 mass%.
  • Such Si-impregnated SiC or (Si+Al) -impregnated SiC has pores filled up with metal silicon to have a porosity of 0 or nearly 0, is excellent in oxidation resistance and durability, and is capable of use for a long period of time under a high temperature atmosphere. Since an oxidation protective coat is formed when it is once oxidized, oxidation deterioration is not generated. In addition, since it has high strength from ordinary temperature to high temperature, a thin and light structure can be formed. Further, it has high thermal conductivity, which is almost the same as those of copper and aluminum metals, and high far infrared radiation emissivity, and it hardly has static electricity because it has electrical conductivity.
  • the first fluid (high temperature side) passed through a heat exchanger 30 of the present invention is exhaust gas
  • a catalyst is loaded on the partition walls inside the cells 3 of the honeycomb structure 1 where the first fluid (high temperature side) passes. It is because it becomes possible to exchange also reaction heat (exothermic reaction) generated upon exhaust gas purification in addition to the role of purifying exhaust gas.
  • noble metals platinum, rhodium, palladium, ruthenium, indium, silver, and gold
  • aluminum nickel, zirconium, titanium, cerium, cobalt, manganese, zinc, copper, zinc, tin, iron, niobium, magnesium, lanthanum, samarium, bismuth, and barium.
  • noble metals platinum, rhodium, palladium, ruthenium, indium, silver, and gold
  • aluminum nickel, zirconium, titanium, cerium, cobalt, manganese, zinc
  • the amount of the catalyst (catalyst metal + carrier) loaded on the first fluid passage portion 5 of the honeycomb structure 1 where the first fluid (high temperature side) passes is preferably 10 to 400 g/L, and if it is noble metal, more preferably 0.1 to 5 g/L.
  • the amount of the catalyst (catalyst metal + carrier) loaded is below 10 g/L, exhibition of the catalysis may be difficult .
  • production costs may increase in addition to increase of pressure drop.
  • a catalyst is loaded on the partition walls 4 of the cells 3 of the honeycomb structure 1 as necessary. In the case of loading a catalyst, masking is provided on the honeycomb structure 1 so that the catalyst is loaded on the honeycomb structure 1.
  • catalyst coated microparticles are obtained by drying and firing.
  • a dispersant (water or the like) and other additives are added to the catalyst coated microparticles to prepare coating liquid (slurry), and, after the partition walls 4 of the honeycomb structure 1 are coated with the slurry, drying and firing are performed to load a catalyst on the partition walls 4 of the cells 3 of the honeycomb structure 1. Incidentally, upon firing, the mask on the honeycomb structure 1 is removed.
  • the heating body as the first fluid being passed through a heat exchanger 30 of the present invention having such a configuration as long as it is a medium having heat, such as gas and liquid.
  • a medium having heat such as gas and liquid.
  • an automobile exhaust gas can be mentioned as the gas.
  • the body to be heated as the second fluid which receives heat (exchanges heat) from the heating body, as long as it is a medium having lower temperature than the heating body, such as gas and liquid. Since at least one of the partition walls 4 and the outer peripheral wall 7h is formed densely, liquid is preferably used as the second fluid, and water is preferable in consideration of handling. However, it is not particularly limited to water.
  • the honeycomb structure 1 has high heat conductivity and a plurality of positions serving as passages by the partition walls 4, high temperature efficiency can be obtained. Therefore, the entire honeycomb structure 1 can be downsized, and therefore it can be mounted on vehicles.
  • Fig. 5A is a perspective view showing another embodiment of a heat exchanger 30 where a cylindrical honeycomb structure 1 is housed in a casing 21
  • Fig. 5B is a cross-sectional view cut along a cross section parallel to the axial direction
  • Fig. 5C is a cross-sectional view cut along a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction.
  • the inlet port 22 and the outlet port 23 of the second fluid are formed on the same side with respect to the honeycomb structure 1.
  • the second fluid passage portion 6 has an enclosing structure, wherein it encloses the outer periphery of the honeycomb structure 1. That is, the second fluid passes so as to enclose the outer periphery of the honeycomb structure 1.
  • Fig. 6 shows a cross-sectional view cut along a cross section parallel to the axial direction, showing an embodiment of a heat exchanger 30 where a honeycomb structure 1 is provided with a punching metal 55 of a hole-provided metal plate having a plurality of holes on the outer peripheral face 7 thereof in the second fluid passage portion 6.
  • a cylindrical honeycomb structure 1 is housed in the casing 21.
  • the punching metal 55 is provided so as to engage with the outer peripheral face 7 of the honeycomb structure 1 in the second fluid passage portion 6.
  • the punching metal 55 is a metal plate subjected to a hole-making process and is formed into a tubular shape along the shape of the outer peripheral face 7 of the honeycomb structure 1.
  • the hole-provided metal plate means a metal plate having a plurality of holes and is not limited to the punching metal 55.
  • Figs. 7A and 7B show a heat exchanger 30 of an embodiment where the casing 21 is formed into a tubular shape and spirally looped around the honeycomb structure 1 on its outer peripheral face 7.
  • Fig. 7A is a schematic view for explaining the state where the casing 21 is spirally looped around the honeycomb structure 1 on its outer peripheral face 7.
  • Fig. 7B is a schematic view in a direction parallel to the axial direction, for explaining the state where the casing 21 is spirally looped around the honeycomb structure 1 on its outer peripheral face 7.
  • the inside of the tube functions as the second fluid passage portion 6, and the casing 21 has a shape where it is looped around the honeycomb structure 1 on its outer peripheral face 7, the second fluid passing through the second fluid passage portion 6 flows on the outer peripheral face 7 of the honeycomb structure 1 in a spiral manner without being brought into direct contact with the outer peripheral face 7 of the honeycomb structure 1 to exchange heat.
  • Such a configuration can inhibit leakage and mixing of the first fluid and the second fluid even if the honeycomb structure 1 has a breakage.
  • Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of a heat exchanger 30 where the casing 21 is provided with a tubular portion 21a engaged with the outer peripheral face 7 of the honeycomb structure 1 and an outside casing portion 21b forming the second fluid passage portion 6 outside the tubular portion 21a as a single unit.
  • the tubular portion 21a has a shape corresponding to the shape of the outer peripheral face 7 of the honeycomb structure 1, and the outside casing portion 21b has a tubular shape having a space where the second fluid flows outside the tubular portion 21a.
  • the inlet port 22 and the outlet port 23 for the second fluid are formed in a part of the outside casing portion 21b.
  • the second fluid passage portion 6 is formed by being surrounded by the tubular portion 21a and outside casing portion 21b, and the second fluid flowing through the second fluid passage portion 6 flows in the circumferential direction without being brought into direct contact with the outer peripheral face 7 of the honeycomb structure 1 on the outer peripheral face 7 of the honeycomb structure 1 to exchange heat.
  • Such a configuration can inhibit leakage and mixing of the first fluid and the second fluid even if the honeycomb structure 1 has a breakage.
  • a ceramic forming raw material is extruded to form a honeycomb formed body having a plurality of cells 3 partitioned by ceramic partition walls 4, passing through in the axial direction from one end face 2 to the other end face 2, and functioning as fluid passages separated and formed therein.
  • honeycomb formed body After forming a honeycomb formed body by extruding a kneaded material containing a ceramic powder into a desired shape, drying and firing are performed to obtain a honeycomb structure 1 where a plurality of cells 3 functioning as gas passages are separated and formed by partition walls 4.
  • the aforementioned ceramic materials can be used.
  • predetermined amounts of C powder, SiC powder, binder, and water or an organic solvent are kneaded together and formed to obtain a formed body having a desired shape.
  • the formed body is put in a pressure-reduced inert gas or vacuum under a metal Si atmosphere to impregnate the formed body with metal Si.
  • the forming raw material is made into a kneaded material, and extruding the kneaded material in the forming step enables to form a honeycomb-shaped formed body having a plurality of cells 3 separated by partition walls 4 and functioning as exhaust gas passages. This is dried and fired to obtain a honeycomb structure 1. Then, the honeycomb structure 1 is housed in a casing 21 to manufacture a heat exchanger 30.
  • the heat exchanger 30 itself can be downsized because it shows high temperature efficiency in comparison with conventional ones. Further, since it can be manufactured from a single unitary die by extrusion, costs can be saved.
  • the heat exchanger 30 can suitably be used in the case where the first fluid is gas whereas the second fluid is liquid, and can suitably be used for exhaust heat recovery and the like for improving automobile fuel consumption, for example.
  • a heat exchanger 30 having the first fluid passage portion and the second fluid passage portion formed therein by the honeycomb structure 1 and the casing 21 was manufactured as follows.
  • a honeycomb structure 1 employing silicon carbide as the material and having a main body size as described in Table 1.
  • the circle-equivalent diameter ⁇ which is the diameter of a circle having the same area as the area of the heat collection portion, was 40 mm, and the entire length L [mm] of the honeycomb structure 1 in the axial direction was 100 mm.
  • a stainless steel casing 21 was used as the outside container of the honeycomb structure 1.
  • one honeycomb structure 1 was disposed in the casing 21 (see Figs. 1A and 2C ).
  • the first fluid passage portion 5 was formed in the honeycomb structure
  • the second fluid passage portion 6 was formed in the casing 21 so as to flow along the outer periphery of the honeycomb structure 1 (outside structure).
  • the casing 21 was provided with pipes for introducing the first fluid into the honeycomb structure 1 and the second fluid into the casing 21 and for discharging them.
  • the two pathways are completely separated from each other to avoid the first fluid and the second fluid from being mixed together (outer periphery flow structure).
  • the honeycomb structures 1 of Examples 1 to 15 had the same external shape.
  • the gap L3 between the outer peripheral face 7 of the honeycomb structure 1 and the inner peripheral face 24 of the casing 21 was 1 mm.
  • the same inlet port temperature and the same flow rate into the honeycomb structure 1 of the first fluid and the second fluid were employed.
  • nitrogen gas (N 2 ) having a temperature of 500°C was used.
  • water was used as the second fluid.
  • Example 1 employed one having the passage for the second fluid in the outer peripheral portion of the pipe functioning as the first fluid passage (see Fig. 2B ). It was configured so that (cooling) water flowed outside the pipe (the gap (L3) was 1 mm) (see Fig. 2C ).
  • the pipe capacity of Example 1 means the volume with the first fluid passage.
  • a pressure gauges were disposed in the first fluid passage pipe in the upstream and the downstream of the honeycomb structure 1, and pressure drop of the honeycomb structure 1 was determined.
  • Table 1 shows temperature efficiency and pressure drop.
  • the temperature efficiency (%) was calculated by the formula 1 by calculating the ⁇ T°C (outlet port temperature - inlet port temperature of the honeycomb structure 1) of each of the first fluid (nitrogen gas) and the second fluid (water) .
  • Temperature efficiency % inlet port temperature of the first fluid gas ⁇ outlet port temperature of the second fluid cooling water / inlet port temperature of the first fluid gas ⁇ outlet port temperature of the first fluid gas ⁇ 100
  • Partition wall thickness t [mm] Thermal conductivity ⁇ [W/K ⁇ m] Cell density ⁇ [cells/sq.in.] t ⁇ ⁇ Temperature efficiency [%] Pressure drop [kPa] Comp. Ex. 1 0.1 100 100 10 10000 30 0.15 Comp. Ex.
  • Example 2 0.1 100 500 50 50000 40 2.8 Comp. Ex. 3 0.2 100 100 20 10000 35 0.3 Example 1 0.2 100 500 100 50000 70 3.4 Example 2 0.3 100 200 60 20000 70 1 Example 3 0.3 100 300 90 30000 80 1.6 Example 4 0.3 100 600 180 60000 85 4.6 Comp. Ex. 4 0.4 100 100 40 10000 40 0.5 Example 5 0.4 100 200 80 20000 75 1.2 Example 6 0.4 100 300 120 30000 85 1.8 Example 7 0.4 100 500 200 50000 85 2.9 Example 8 0.5 100 200 100 20000 80 1.5 Example 9 0.5 100 300 150 30000 85 1.9 Example 10 0.5 100 400 200 40000 85 2.6 Example 11 0.5 100 500 250 50000 85 3.3 Comp. Ex.
  • the pressure drop becomes larger as the partition walls of the cells and the cell density increases, and the pressure drop exceeds 5.0 [kPa] when the wall thickness is 0.3 with a cell density of 600.
  • the wall thickness is 0.1 with a cell density of 100, the temperature efficiency does not exceed 50%.
  • honeycomb structures were manufactured by varying thermal conductivity of the material of the partition walls 4 with the same external shape (circle-equivalent diameter ⁇ of 45 mm and entire length L of 100 mm) of the honeycomb structure 1 and the same wall thickness t of the partition walls 4.
  • the results are shown in Table 2.
  • Partition wall thickness t [mm] Thermal conductivity ⁇ [W/K ⁇ m] Cell density ⁇ [cells/sq.in.] t ⁇ ⁇ Temperature efficiency [%] Pressure drop [kPa] Comp. Ex. 7 0.5 50 100 50 5000 40 0.6
  • Example 16 0.5 50 200 100 10000 70 0.9
  • Example 17 0.5 50 300 150 15000 85 1.6
  • Example 18 0.5 50 500 250 25000 85 2.3 Comp.
  • Comp. Ex. 7 0.5 50 100 50 5000 40 0.6
  • Example 16 0.5 50 200 100 10000 70 0.9
  • Example 17 0.5 50 300 150 15000 85 1.6
  • Example 18 0.5 50 500 250 25000 85 2.3 Comp.
  • Example 19 0.5 100 100 50 10000 45 0.4
  • Example 19 0.5 100 200 100 20000 80 0.7
  • Example 20 0.5 100 300 150 30000 85 1.5
  • Comp. Ex. 9 0.5 150 100 50 15000 45 0.4
  • Example 21 0.5 150 200 100 30000 80 0.7
  • Example 22 0.5 150 300 150 45000 85 1.5
  • Example 23 0.5 150 500 250 75000 85 2.2
  • the temperature efficiency is low when the cell density is 100, it tends to become larger as the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the partition walls and the cell density increase.
  • thermal conductivity of the partition walls of the honeycomb structure 1 was determined as ⁇ [W/K ⁇ m]
  • the wall thickness of the partition walls was determined as t [mm]
  • the cell density was determined as ⁇ [cells/sq.in.] .
  • Example 24 0.4 120 300 120 36000 10 100 10.0 60 4.7 Example 25 0.4 120 300 120 36000 20 100 5.0 70 3.1 Example 26 0.4 120 300 120 36000 20 150 7.5 85 3.4 Example 27 0.4 120 300 120 36000 30 100 3.3 85 2.4 Example 28 0.4 120 300 120 36000 40 100 2.5 85 1.9 Example 29 0.4 120 300 120 36000 50 100 2.0 80 1.3 Example 30 0.4 120 300 120 36000 50 150 3.0 85 1.5 Example 31 0.4 120 300 120 36000 60 100 1.7 60 0.6 Example 32 0.4 120 300 120 36000 60 200 3.3 70 0.75 Example 33 0.4 120 300 120 36000 70 100 1.4 50 0.3 Example 34 0.4 120 300 120 36000 70 300 4.3 55 0.35
  • the temperature efficiency has a tendency to rise as the outer diameter (circle-equivalent diameter ⁇ ) increases and fall after it reaches a peak whereas the pressure drop has a tendency to decrease.
  • ⁇ the outer diameter
  • the heat exchanger of the present invention is used for the heat exchange purpose between a heating body (high temperature side) and a body to be heated (low temperature side) even in the automobile fields and industrial fields.
  • it In the case where it is used for exhaust heat recovery from exhaust gas in the automobile fields, it can be used to improve fuel consumption of an automobile.
  • 1 honeycomb structure, 1h: complementary honeycomb structure, 1j: central axis, 2: end face (in the axial direction), 3: cell, 4: partition wall, 5: first fluid passage portion, 6: second fluid passage portion, 7: outer peripheral face, 7h: outer peripheral wall, 21: casing, 21a: tubular portion, 21b: outside casing portion, 22: inlet port (for second fluid), 23: outlet port (for second fluid), 24: inner peripheral face, 25: inlet port of (first fluid), 26: outlet port (for first fluid), 30: heat exchanger, 55: punching metal, 55a: hole (of punching metal)

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Wärmetauscherelement, das als Wabenstruktur (1) gebildet ist und eine Vielzahl von Zellen (3) aufweist, die durch keramische Trennwände (4) unterteilt sind, die in Axialrichtung von einer Stirnfläche (2) zu der anderen Stirnfläche (2) durchgehen und dort, wo eine Heizmasse als erstes Fluid hindurchtritt, als erster Fluiddurchtrittsabschnitt (5) fungieren;
    wobei eine Außenumfangswand (7h) oder sowohl die Trennwände (4) als auch die Außenumfangswand (7h) der Wabenstruktur (1) dicht ausgebildet ist/sind, um zu vermeiden, dass sich das erste Fluid, das durch den ersten Fluiddurchtrittsabschnitt (5) strömt, und das zweite Fluid, das vom ersten Fluid Wärme aufnimmt, indem es entlang einer Außenumfangsfläche (7) der Außenumfangswand (7h) der Wabenstruktur (1) strömt, miteinander vermischen, und
    t≥0,2; ρ>100; 20≤t×ρ≤250; und 10.000≤λ×ρ alle erfüllt sind, wenn für λ [W/K•m] die Wärmeleitfähigkeit eines Materials für die Trennwände (4) der Wabenstruktur (1) eingesetzt wird und für t [mm] die Wanddicke der Trennwände (4) in einer Zellstruktur der Wabenstruktur (1) eingesetzt wird und für ρ [Zellen/Zoll2] die Zelldichte eingesetzt wird.
  2. Wärmetauscherelement nach Anspruch 1, wobei 20≤∅≤60 und 1,66≤L/∅≤7,5 erfüllt sind, wenn in der Zellstruktur der Wabenstruktur (1) für ∅ [mm] ein kreisäquivalenter Durchmesser einer Querschnittsfläche eines Querschnitts normal auf die Axialrichtung der Wabenstruktur (1) eingesetzt wird und für L [mm] die gesamte Länge in der Axialrichtung der Wabenstruktur (1) eingesetzt wird.
  3. Wärmetauscher (30), der mit einer Wabenstruktur (1) als Wärmetauscherelement nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 und einem Gehäuse (21) mit einem Einlasskanal (22) und einem Auslasskanal (23) für das zweite Fluid bereitgestellt ist und die Wabenstruktur (1) darin enthält,
    wobei eine Innenseite des Gehäuses (21) als zweiter Fluiddurchtrittsabschnitt (6) fungiert und das zweite Fluid Wärme von dem ersten Fluid erhält, indem es entlang der Außenumfangswand (7h) der Wabenstruktur (1) im zweiten Fluiddurchtrittsabschnitt (6) strömt.
EP12764522.4A 2011-03-29 2012-03-27 Wärmetauscherelement und wärmetauscher Active EP2693153B1 (de)

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JP2011072255 2011-03-29
PCT/JP2012/057928 WO2012133405A1 (ja) 2011-03-29 2012-03-27 熱交換部材、および熱交換器

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JPWO2012133405A1 (ja) 2014-07-28
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WO2012133405A1 (ja) 2012-10-04
EP2693153A4 (de) 2014-10-22
CN103443574B (zh) 2016-11-09
JP5797740B2 (ja) 2015-10-21
CN103443574A (zh) 2013-12-11

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