EP2683478A1 - Nouveau matériau fluoré utilisable comme matière active d'électrode - Google Patents
Nouveau matériau fluoré utilisable comme matière active d'électrodeInfo
- Publication number
- EP2683478A1 EP2683478A1 EP12713212.4A EP12713212A EP2683478A1 EP 2683478 A1 EP2683478 A1 EP 2683478A1 EP 12713212 A EP12713212 A EP 12713212A EP 2683478 A1 EP2683478 A1 EP 2683478A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- temperature
- octahedra
- heating
- precursor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M fluorosulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 5
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011176 pooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- YOIAWAIKYVEKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F YOIAWAIKYVEKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 65
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 55
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 49
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 thiazolium Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000005569 Iron sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- 238000002173 high-resolution transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N l-ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(O)=C(O)C1=O TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- WJGNDSKDYFZIRF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound S(=O)(=O)(C(F)(F)F)[O-].FC(S(=O)(=O)[O-])(F)F.C(CCC)[N+]1=CN(C=C1)C.C(CCC)[N+]1=CN(C=C1)C WJGNDSKDYFZIRF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CO1 IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UINDRJHZBAGQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-O 2-ethyl-3-methyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCC1=[NH+]C=CN1C UINDRJHZBAGQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012692 Fe precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004310 Ion Channels Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011570 LiFe 1-x Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013275 LiMPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012697 Mn precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O Piperidinium(1+) Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]CC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrazolium Chemical compound C1=CN[NH+]=C1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrrolidinium ion Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]C1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004998 X ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001348 alkyl chlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- LRESCJAINPKJTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F LRESCJAINPKJTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010192 crystallographic characterization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002447 crystallographic data Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001938 differential scanning calorimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MGFYSGNNHQQTJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodonium Chemical compound [IH2+] MGFYSGNNHQQTJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001570 ionothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- BZDIAFGKSAYYFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mn] BZDIAFGKSAYYFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound O.OS(O)(=O)=O FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005469 synchrotron radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002216 synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/08—Halides
- B01J27/12—Fluorides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/582—Halogenides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/45—Compounds containing sulfur and halogen, with or without oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
- C01D15/06—Sulfates; Sulfites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/009—Compounds containing iron, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/14—Sulfates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/76—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by a space-group or by other symmetry indications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/77—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by unit-cell parameters, atom positions or structure diagrams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
- C01P2002/88—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by thermal analysis data, e.g. TGA, DTA, DSC
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/04—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
- C01P2004/82—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluorinated material for use as electrode active material, as well as to a process for its preparation.
- Lithium batteries are known using an insertion compound as the operating base of the positive electrode, such as Li x CoO 2 , 0.4 ⁇ x ⁇ 1 which is used pure or in solid solution with nickel and manganese and aluminum.
- the main obstacles to the generalization of this type of electrochemistry are the scarcity of cobalt and the excessively positive potential of the transition oxides, with consequent safety problems for the battery.
- the carbon deposition is carried out at high temperature, under reducing conditions.
- transition elements other than Fe 11 and Mn 11 , the elements Co 11 and Ni 11 being easily reduced to the metallic state. It is the same for Fe 111 , Mn m , Cr m , V m , V IV which are interesting dopants to increase the ionic or electronic conductivity.
- Example 2 describes the preparation of a compound LiFeSO 4 F by a ceramic method at 600 ° C which gives a non-homogeneous compound, then 500 ° C where the compound is red black, or at 400 ° C in the where the compound is red.
- the red color observed in the compounds obtained at different temperatures is due to the O 2 7 Fe 3+ combination in a crystalline mesh such as Fe 2 O 3 oxide. It is also known that the Fe 11 compounds oxidize in air at 200 ° C giving Fe m , and the preparation of Example 2 at 400 ° C in air confirms it.
- the iron-containing compounds which are prepared by ceramics from LiF and iron sulphate according to US-2005/0163699 are therefore not constituted by LiFeSO 4 F. Similarly, it appears that the compounds in which M is Co, Nor are not stable at the temperatures used during the preparation recommended by the ceramic route. It is therefore not plausible that the compounds described in US-2005/0163699 have actually been obtained.
- WO2010 / 00466610 describes a process for the preparation of LiMSO 4 F compounds in which M represents one or more transition metals, in particular Fe partially replaced by Mn. These compounds are obtained by ionothermal synthesis from LiF and a hydrated M sulphate (preferably monohydrate) which has a structure close to that of Tavorite, in terms of octahedral arrangements and tetrahedra. Their structure is analogous to that of the precursor sulphate. These materials can be used as a cathode active material and operate at a potential of the order of 3.6 V.
- the performance of a lithium battery depends in particular on the oxidation-reduction potential of the active material of the cathode.
- the energy density delivered by the battery is higher if the oxidation-reduction potential of the cathode active material is higher, all things being equal.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a new material useful as a cathode active material in a lithium battery, and a method for its manufacture.
- the subject of the present invention is novel fluorosulfate materials, a process which makes it possible to produce said materials in a reliable, fast and economical manner, as well as the use of certain materials, in particular as active material for the cathode of a lithium battery or a lithium ion battery.
- a material of the present invention consists of particles of a fluorosulfate which corresponds to the formula (I) Li 1-y Fe 1 -x Mn x SO 4 F (I) in which 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1 and 0 ⁇ y ⁇ l . It is characterized in that it essentially comprises a phase of triplite structure and possibly a Tavorite structure phase, the phase of triplite structure representing at least 50% by volume.
- PW stands for "Wyckoff positions
- TO stands for occupancy
- Biso is Debye-Waller isotropic factor.
- the high value of ⁇ 2 essentially reflects the very high counting statistic obtained by a two-dimensional detector when diffracting X-rays at the synchrotron.
- LiMnSO 4 F is iso-structural of the triplite structure of minerals (Mn 11 , Fe 11 , Mg n , Ca n ) 2 (PO 4 ) (F, OH). It consists of SO 4 tetrahedra and MO 4 F 2 octahedra centered on M (M being Li and Mn). The Li and Mn atoms share the same crystallographic sites, each with a relative occupancy of about 50%. Thus, the Li atoms are trapped inside the MO 4 F 2 octahedra. The atoms F occupy a cis position. The octahedra share one edge and not one vertex, and they share alternately either two O atoms or two F atoms.
- chains of M ⁇ F octahedra in the [101] direction and chains of octahedra are formed.
- M 2 O 4 F along the axis b said chains being connected to each other by sharing an atom O and an atom F on an edge.
- a chain of M ⁇ F octahedra in the [101] direction is almost perpendicular to a chain of M 2 O 4 F octahedra oriented along the b axis.
- the M 1 SO 4 F octahedra are centered on Li and Mn atoms denoted Li 1 and Mn 1 .
- the M 2 SO 4 F octahedra are centered on Li and Mn atoms denoted Li 2 and Mn 2 .
- the SO 4 tetrahedra are connected by the vertices to four neighboring octahedron chains (2 ⁇ ⁇ 4 ⁇ 2 and 2 M 2 O 4 F 2 ) by pooling the oxygen atoms.
- Such a structure is very dense and does not include tunnels that would allow the diffusion of Li ions.
- the density calculated from the mesh parameters is 3.19 gcm- 3 .
- LiMnSO 4 F The crystallographic characterization of LiMnSO 4 F was made by X-ray diffraction (synchrotron radiation, Swiss Norvegian Beam Line, ES F, Grenoble, France).
- FIG. 1 represents the synchrotron X-ray diffraction diagram of a LiMnSO 4 F powder.
- the intensity I (in arbitrary units) is given on the ordinate, and the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ is given on the abscissa.
- the wavelength used is 0.709595 ⁇ .
- the points represent the experimental data, the curve connecting the points represents the calculated values, the vertical bars under the diagram represent the Bragg positions and the curve under the Bragg positions represents the difference between the experimental diagram and the curve resulting from the calculated values. .
- FIG. 2 represents chains of M 1 O 4 F 2 octahedra (light gray) and chains of M 2 O 4 F 2 octahedra (mid-gray) inter-connected which share edges, said octahedra having 4 O atoms and 2 atoms F.
- the O atoms are represented by ⁇ and the F atoms are represented by ⁇ .
- FIG. 3 represents the quasi-perpendicular arrangement of the interconnected chains of M 1 O 4 F 2 octahedra (light gray) and M 2 O 4 F 2 octahedra (medium gray) oriented respectively along the axes [101] and b .
- Figures 4 and 5 show M 1 O 4 F 2 octahedra (light gray) and M 2 O 4 F 2 octahedra (medium gray) sharing edges, and SO 4 (dark gray) tetrahedra sharing vertices, respectively along axes [101] and b.
- a material (I) according to the invention can be obtained from the precursors of the elements that constitute it, ceramic, ionothermal or polymer.
- Li and F are provided by a common precursor LiF.
- Fe, Mn and SO 4 are provided by a common precursor Fei -x Mn x SO 4 .H 2 O.
- the precursors are used in amounts substantially stoichiometric corresponding to formula LiFe -x Mn x SO 4 F of the desired material. "Substantially stoichiometric" means that an excess of Li fluoride is tolerated, preferably at most 15 at%.
- the Fe precursor is preferably a hydrated iron sulfate.
- the Mn precursor is a hydrated Mn sulfate. Both precursors are preferably used in the form of a mixed sulfate Fei -x Mn x SO 4 .H 2 O can be obtained by a process comprising the steps of:
- the preparation of the mixed precursor Fei -x Mn x SO 4 .H 2 O must be carried out under conditions which avoid the formation of Fe 111. It is therefore preferable to use water previously degassed with argon or nitrogen, to work in an argon or nitrogen atmosphere, and / or to add a reducing agent (for example ascorbic acid) to the aqueous solution.
- a reducing agent for example ascorbic acid
- a method of preparing the material (I) of the invention comprises the steps of:
- the process for the preparation of the material (I) can be carried out ceramic, ionothermally or polymer.
- the method may comprise a step a 'between steps a) and b), said step a' being a step of preheating the precursor mixture at a temperature T b between 190 ° C. and 210 ° C, step b) then consisting in raising the temperature of T b to T c .
- Step a ') can be carried out by placing the reactor containing the reaction mixture in an oven at room temperature which will then be brought to the room. temperature Tb.
- the reactor containing the reaction medium is placed in an oven pre-heated to temperature Tb.
- the temperature T c is chosen in a range whose upper limit depends on the thermal stability of the fluorosulfate to be prepared and the stability of the reaction support medium if appropriate, and the lower limit depends on the chosen route (ceramic, ionothermal or polymer).
- the method of the invention implemented by the ceramic route comprises the steps of:
- a ' optionally preheating the precursor mixture at a temperature T b between 190 ° C and 210 ° C;
- reaction temperature T c of between 285 ° C and 340 ° C (preferably 295 ° C) with a heating rate of 1 to 10 ° C / min (preferably 2 ° C); at 3 ° C / min);
- the precursors are mixed in a ball mill.
- the precursor powder mixture is preferably pelletized by compression before being introduced into the reactor.
- the method for preparing a material (I) according to the invention implemented by the ionothermal route comprises the steps of:
- Space liquid consisting essentially of at least one ionic liquid means that the carrier liquid contains at least 90% by weight of one or more ionic liquids.
- the carrier liquid may further contain traces of water (preferably less than 10,000 ppm) or at most 10% of an alcohol, for example methanol or ethanol.
- the amount of precursors present in the ionic liquid during step a) is preferably from 0.01% to 85% by weight, and more preferably from 5 to 60% by weight.
- ionic liquid a compound which contains only anions and cations which compensate their charges, and which is liquid at the temperature of the formation reaction of the compounds of the invention, either pure or in admixture with an additive .
- the cation of the ionic liquid is chosen from ammonium, phosphonium, sulphonium, iodonium, pyridinium, imidazolium, pyrazolium, acetamidium, oxazolinium, thiazolium, pyrrolidinium, piperidinium, imidazolinium and guanidinium cations. cations optionally carrying substituents.
- the cation of the ionic liquid is an imidazolium cation
- the anion of an ionic liquid is preferably selected from Cl, Br, I, RSO ⁇ , ROSO 3 ", [RPO 2]", [R (R'O) PO 2] -, [(RO) 2 PO 2 ] BF 4 " , R f BF 3 " , PF 6 " , R f PF 5 “ , (R f ) 2 PF 4 (R f ) 3 PF 3 -, R f CO 2 - R f SO 3 " , [(R f SO 2 ) 2 N] " , [(R f SO 2 ) 2 CH] " , [(R f SO 2 ) 2 C (CN)] ⁇ [R f SO 2 C (CN) 2 ] " , [(R f SO 2 ) 3 C] " , N (CN) 2 " , C (CN) 3 “ , [(C 2 O 4 ) 2 B] " in which:
- R and R ' identical or different, each represent an alkyl radical in C r C 24 aryl, or alkyl (Ci-C 24) aryl,
- R f is a fluorinated radical chosen from C n F 2n + 1 in which 0 ⁇ n ⁇ 8, CF 3 OCF 2 , HCF 2 CF 2 and C 6 F 5 .
- An ionic liquid having a high hydrophobicity promotes the reaction between the precursor and the precursor LiF Fei -x Mn x SO 4 .H 2 O because it causes the removal of water at a higher temperature, which promotes the formation of the desired material at the expense of a secondary phase Fei -x Mn x SO 4. It also makes it possible to carry out the synthesis in an open reactor. A hydrophilic ionic liquid is less favorable, and most often leads to a multiphase final product.
- EMI-TFSI 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate) (BMI-triflate) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (EMI-TFSI) are examples of hydrophobic ionic liquids. EMI-TFSI which is more hydrophobic than BMI-triflate, is particularly preferred.
- the heating steps b) and c) are preferably carried out under an inert atmosphere at atmospheric pressure. Indeed, one of the important advantages of the thermal ion channel process according to the invention is not to require a pressure vessel because of the lack of volatility of the ionic liquids.
- the heating may be effected by various means, in particular by heating in an oven, or by heating by microwaves. It can be carried out continuously, in a heated chamber and in which the ionic liquid and the precursors of the compound (I) circulate, with a residence time allowing the reaction to be total.
- the duration of the heating step d) is generally of the order of 7 days. If the material is not a single phase having the triplite structure after a heat treatment of 7 days, it is sufficient to increase the duration of the heating, before extracting the material of the ionic liquid support of the reaction. In addition, the choice of a carrier ionic liquid having a higher stability temperature, which makes it possible to carry out the reaction at a higher temperature, favors the formation of the triplite phase to the detriment of the Tavorite phase.
- the separation of the compound (I) during step e) can be carried out by any technique known to those skilled in the art, in particular by extraction with a solvent of the ionic liquid or by centrifugation, and elimination of any byproducts by an alcohol, a nitrile, a ketone, a chloroalkane having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the material (I) can be washed with an organic solvent such as, for example, acetone, acetonitrile, or ethyl acetate.
- an organic solvent such as, for example, acetone, acetonitrile, or ethyl acetate.
- a ' optionally preheating the precursor mixture at a temperature T b between 190 ° C and 210 ° C;
- the non-oxidizing conditions can be achieved by carrying out the process in a reactor in which an inert atmosphere is maintained, for example by circulating an inert gas.
- Nonoxidizing conditions can be further obtained by placing the precursor mixture between two polymer films.
- the amount of precursors present in the polymer reaction medium is preferably from 0.01% to 85% by weight, and more preferably from 5 to 60% by weight, relative to the total "precursor + polymer" mass.
- the polymer which serves as a support for the reaction is chosen from polymers which are liquid at the reaction temperature and stable at said temperature.
- a solid polymer is chosen at room temperature.
- the polymer may be in particular a polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyoxyethylene (POE), a polystyrene (PS) or a poly (methyl methyl acrylate) PMMA.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- POE polyoxyethylene
- PS polystyrene
- PMMA poly (methyl methyl acrylate) PMMA.
- the polymer is chosen according to its stability range, its viscosity and its melting temperature (which depend on its molar mass).
- a PEG with a lower molecular weight than a POE can be used.
- an increase in the molar mass causes an increase in the melting temperature and the temperature of the polymer. thermal decomposition. It is within the abilities of those skilled in the art to select the appropriate polymer depending on the reaction temperature.
- a compound (I) can be used in a variety of applications depending on the proportion of its constituent elements.
- the compounds (I) of the invention in which the Mn content is at most 30% can be used as the active material for the manufacture of electrodes in batteries and electrochromic systems.
- the material Li 1-y MnSO 4 F has a triplite structure and shows no electrochemical activity that would make it usable as active material of an electrode.
- the inventors have found, on the one hand, that the partial replacement of Mn by Fe does not modify the triplite structure, whatever the Mn content, and on the other hand that the materials in which the Mn content is less than 30% (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.3) [materials hereinafter referred to as ( ⁇ , ⁇ )] have electrochemical activity at a potential which is greater than that of the compound Li 1-y FeSO 4 F and of other Fe compounds that function by the Fe n / Fe m redox reaction, such as LiFePO 4, for example.
- a material (I 0, i) is therefore advantageously usable as a positive electrode active material in a lithium battery, because the higher potential causes a higher energy density.
- the compound (I 0, i) used as the cathode active material is LiFe 0.9 Mn 0; iSO 4 F.
- the electrode can be prepared by depositing on a current collector a composite material obtained by mixing by manual grinding or by mechanical grinding (for example by grinding for about 16 minutes using an SPEX 1800), a mixture comprising a compound of the invention and carbon.
- the percentage by weight of compound (I 0, i) relative to the composite material "compound (I 0, i) + carbon" may be from 50 to 99%, more particularly from 80 to 95%.
- the composite material used for the elaboration of an electrode may further contain an additional compound, the ratio by weight compound (I 0, i) / additional compound being greater than 5%, preferably greater than 50%.
- the additional compound may be, for example, a material with an olivine structure such as a LiMPO 4 phosphate in which M represents at least one of Fe, Co and Ni, or an oxide LiCoO 2 or LiNiO 2 .
- the amount of material deposited on the current collector is preferably such that the amount of material (I) according to the invention is between 0.1 and 200 mg / cm 2 , preferably from 1 to 50 mg / cm 2 .
- the current collector may consist of a grid or sheet of aluminum, titanium, graphite paper or stainless steel.
- An electrode according to the invention can be used in an electrochemical cell comprising a positive electrode and a negative electrode separated by an electrolyte.
- the electrode according to the invention constitutes the positive electrode.
- the negative electrode may consist of lithium metal or one of its alloys, a transition metal oxide forming by reduction a nanometric dispersion in lithium oxide, or by a double nitride of lithium and lithium. a transition metal.
- the negative electrode may also be constituted by a material capable of reversibly inserting Li + ions at potentials lower than 1.6 V. Examples of such materials include low-potential oxides having the formula Li 1 + y + z / 3 Ti 2 -z / 3 O 4 (0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1), Li 4 + Z ' Ti 5 Oi 2 0 ⁇ z' ⁇ 3, carbon and carbonaceous products from the pyrolysis of organic materials, as well as the dicarboxylates.
- the electrolyte advantageously comprises at least one lithium salt in solution in a polar aprotic liquid solvent, in a solvating polymer optionally plasticized with a liquid solvent or an ionic liquid, or in a gel consisting of a gelled liquid solvent by addition of a solvating or non-solvating polymer.
- the materials according to the invention can furthermore be used in various applications, in particular as a catalyst.
- Example 1 The present invention is illustrated by the following exemplary embodiments, to which it is however not limited.
- Example 1 The present invention is illustrated by the following exemplary embodiments, to which it is however not limited.
- an equimolar mixture of LiF and mixed sulfate of Fe and Mn monohydrate was prepared in a ball mill (Spex 800) for 15 min, 1 g of the mixture was The pellets were introduced into a Teflon® coated reactor and the mixture was heated at a rate of 5 ° C / min to 295 ° C and maintained at that temperature for a period of time.
- the synthesis is complete after 24 hours, but a longer heating time improves the crystallographic quality of the material.
- Figure 7 shows that for all values of x the compound is obtained as a solid solution with a triplite structure.
- the shift of the lines towards the low angles when the Mn content increases results from the increase of the mesh parameters because the dimension of Mn is greater than that of Fe.
- Figure 9 shows the DSC curves obtained under an argon atmosphere, with a heating rate of 10 ° C / min.
- the upper curve corresponds to the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the lower curve to the cooling of the sample.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- a compound LiFe -x Mn x SO 4 F was prepared from LiF and a solid solution Fei -x Mn x SO 4. H 2 O as a precursor.
- the synthesis was carried out ionothermally in an autoclave at 270 ° C for various precursor samples.
- Figure 12 shows that the compounds obtained have the Tavorite structure.
- FIG. 13 represents the diagram obtained during the characterization of the compound.
- the characterization was done under an argon atmosphere with a heating rate of 10 ° C / min.
- the upper curve corresponds to the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the lower curve to the cooling of the sample.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- FIG. 14 represents the evolution of the unit cell volume for the material with triplite structure of example 2 and for a material with a Tavorite structure according to comparative example 4.
- the curve TTT corresponds to Tavorite
- the curve ooo corresponds to to the triplite.
- the unit cell volume V (at ⁇ 3 ) is indicated on the ordinate (left scale for Tavorite, right scale for triplite) and the manganese x content of the material is indicated on the abscissa.
- Figure 14 shows the existence of a LiMn solid solution 1-x Fe x SO 4 F for all values of x such that 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.98) for which the triplite structure is maintained, whereas the solid solution Tavorite LiFei -x Mn x SO 4 F only exists for 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.3.
- the unit cell volume in the triplite structure is lower than that of the Tavorite structure.
- FIGS. 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d and 15e The corresponding Môssbauer spectra are shown respectively in FIGS. 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d and 15e.
- the transmission is given in ordinate, and the velocity V (in mm / s) is given in abscissa.
- the top layer of polymer is necessary to prevent the oxidation of iron (II) in contact with air because Teflon® is porous.
- Figures 18, 19 and 20 show diffractograms of the material LiFeo.9 5 Mn .o 0 5 SO 4 F obtained respectively after 48 hours, 10 days and 20 days of heating.
- the intensity I in arbitrary units is given on the ordinate. They show that:
- the material LiFeo.9 5 Mn 0 .o 5 SO 4 F adopts a unique Tavorite type structure after a heating time of 48 hours (material M48)
- the LiFeo.9 material 5 Mn .o 0 5 SO 4 F is a mixture of two different phases after 10 days of heating, a structure adopting a Tavorite, the other a triplite structure (material M 10)
- the material LiFeo.9 5 Mn 0 .o 5 SO 4 F adopts a unique structure of the triplite type after 20 days of heating (material M20)
- V 706.054 (1) ⁇ 3 .
- Example 7 Samples of various fluorosulfates obtained according to Example 7 were tested as a positive electrode material, under conditions similar to those used in Example 6. Mechanical grinding was carried out for 15 minutes using a 15 cm 3 stainless steel cell and a 12 mm diameter ball. The amount of material on the current collector of the positive electrode is 6-8 mg / cm 2 .
- FIGS. 21 to 24 represents the variation of potential P on the ordinate (in Volt vs. Li ° / Li + ) as a function of the lithium insertion rate y, respectively for the following materials: Fig. 21: M48 Tavorite-Li 1-y Feo.9 5 Mno.o 5 SO 4 F,
- Fig. 22 M10 Tavorite-triplite-Li 1-y Feo.9 5 Mn 0 .o 5 SO 4 F,
- Fig. 23 M20 triplite-Li 1-y Feo.9 5 Mno.o 5 SO 4 F
- Fig. 24 M'20 the material Li 1-y Fe 0 .9Mn 0. iSO 4 F of Example 7 which has undergone a heat treatment of 20 days.
- the electrochemical curves show that the material with Tavorite structure has a redox plateau at 3.6 V vs. Li ° / Li + while the materials of triplite structure (M20 and M'20) have a redox plateau close to 3.9 V vs. Li ° / Li + .
- the material consisting of a mixture of two phases, one of Tavorite structure, the other of triplite structure, has two redox plates for the same Fe 3+ / Fe 2+ pair: the first at 3.6 V vs. Li ° / Li + corresponding to the Tavorite phase and the second to 3.9 V vs. Li ° / Li + corresponding to the triplite phase.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1151864A FR2972441B1 (fr) | 2011-03-08 | 2011-03-08 | Nouveau materiau fluore utilisable comme matiere active d'electrode |
| PCT/FR2012/050483 WO2012146842A1 (fr) | 2011-03-08 | 2012-03-08 | Nouveau matériau fluoré utilisable comme matière active d'électrode |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2683478A1 true EP2683478A1 (fr) | 2014-01-15 |
Family
ID=45937413
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12713212.4A Withdrawn EP2683478A1 (fr) | 2011-03-08 | 2012-03-08 | Nouveau matériau fluoré utilisable comme matière active d'électrode |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9444102B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2683478A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP5946849B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20140027143A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN103619474B (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2972441B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2012146842A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5710535B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-28 | 2015-04-30 | 株式会社東芝 | 非水電解質二次電池及び電池パック |
| WO2015040679A1 (fr) | 2013-09-17 | 2015-03-26 | 株式会社 東芝 | Batterie à électrolyte non aqueux et bloc-batterie |
| JP6139780B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-02 | 2017-05-31 | 株式会社東芝 | 負極活物質、非水電解質電池、電池パック及び車 |
| EP3147974B1 (fr) | 2015-01-30 | 2019-02-27 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Module de batterie et bloc de piles |
| JP6058836B2 (ja) | 2015-01-30 | 2017-01-11 | 株式会社東芝 | 活物質、非水電解質電池、電池パック、組電池、及び車両 |
| JP6067902B2 (ja) | 2015-03-13 | 2017-01-25 | 株式会社東芝 | 活物質、非水電解質電池、電池パック、組電池、及び自動車 |
| JP6353114B2 (ja) * | 2017-04-25 | 2018-07-04 | 株式会社東芝 | 負極 |
| CN112542586B (zh) * | 2020-12-07 | 2022-02-11 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | 一种氟化硫酸铁锂正极材料的亚临界连续合成法 |
| CN114433838A (zh) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-05-06 | 南开大学 | 一种高迁移性硫化纳米零价铁材料的制备方法 |
| US12062791B2 (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2024-08-13 | Rivian Ip Holdings, Llc | Electrode coatings and components thereof |
| CN119490231B (zh) * | 2024-11-21 | 2025-10-28 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种黄钾铁矾电极材料及其制备方法与应用 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8367036B2 (en) * | 2000-04-27 | 2013-02-05 | Valence Technology, Inc. | Alkali/transition metal halo-and hydroxy-phosphates and related electrode active materials |
| US20050163699A1 (en) | 2004-01-23 | 2005-07-28 | Jeremy Barker | Fluorosulfate-based electrode active materials and method of making the same |
| EP2349924B1 (fr) * | 2008-10-23 | 2017-02-08 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Fluorosulfates utiles comme materiaux d'electrode |
| GB2477650B (en) | 2008-10-24 | 2014-05-14 | Spi Lasers Uk Ltd | Apparatus for combining laser radiation |
| FR2959991B1 (fr) * | 2010-05-17 | 2012-06-08 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Procede de preparation de fluorosulfates de metal alcalin et de metal de transition |
-
2011
- 2011-03-08 FR FR1151864A patent/FR2972441B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-03-08 JP JP2013557161A patent/JP5946849B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-08 EP EP12713212.4A patent/EP2683478A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-03-08 CN CN201280012246.XA patent/CN103619474B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-08 US US14/002,424 patent/US9444102B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-08 KR KR1020137026668A patent/KR20140027143A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2012-03-08 WO PCT/FR2012/050483 patent/WO2012146842A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103619474B (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
| US9444102B2 (en) | 2016-09-13 |
| JP5946849B2 (ja) | 2016-07-06 |
| CN103619474A (zh) | 2014-03-05 |
| US20140306149A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
| JP2014511002A (ja) | 2014-05-01 |
| FR2972441B1 (fr) | 2013-04-05 |
| KR20140027143A (ko) | 2014-03-06 |
| WO2012146842A1 (fr) | 2012-11-01 |
| FR2972441A1 (fr) | 2012-09-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP2349924B1 (fr) | Fluorosulfates utiles comme materiaux d'electrode | |
| EP2683478A1 (fr) | Nouveau matériau fluoré utilisable comme matière active d'électrode | |
| EP1325526B1 (fr) | PROCEDE DE SYNTHESE DE MATERIAU CARBONE A BASE DE LixM1-yM'y(XO4)n | |
| EP1339642B1 (fr) | Procede d'obtention de particules a base de li4ti5o12, li(4-a)zati5o12, or li4zbti(5-b)o12 | |
| EP2820705A1 (fr) | Sulfates utiles comme matériaux d'électrode | |
| KR101922633B1 (ko) | 전극 활물질-고체 전해질 복합체, 이의 제조 방법, 이를 포함하는 전고체 전지 | |
| EP1572585B1 (fr) | Procede de preparation de composes d'insertion d'un metal alcalin, materiaux actifs les contenant, et dispositifs comprenant ces materiaux actifs | |
| KR102528313B1 (ko) | 재충전식 전지에서 고정화된 칼코겐 및 이의 용도 | |
| EP2571814B1 (fr) | Procédé de préparation de fluorosulfates de métal alcalin et de métal de transition | |
| EP2118007A2 (fr) | Silicates mixtes de lithium. | |
| JP7833039B2 (ja) | 正極材料組成物、その製造方法及びそれを含む正極シート、二次電池並びに電力消費装置 | |
| Surendran et al. | Unveiling the electrochemical mechanism of high-capacity negative electrode model-system BiFeO3 in sodium-ion batteries: an in operando XAS investigation | |
| Bornamehr et al. | Mixed Cu–Fe sulfides derived from polydopamine-coated Prussian blue analogue as a lithium-ion battery electrode | |
| KR20180107058A (ko) | 전극 활물질-고체 전해질 복합체, 이의 제조 방법, 이를 포함하는 전고체 전지 | |
| KR20180072113A (ko) | 전극 활물질-고체 전해질 복합체, 이의 제조 방법, 이를 포함하는 전고체 전지 | |
| Nozaki et al. | Oxygen-powered sustainable FePO 4 preparation for sodium metal batteries with Li acetate recovery | |
| KR102787523B1 (ko) | 동종금속 시안화물 함유 무기 중합체 및 관련 화합물 | |
| KR101981657B1 (ko) | 고체 전해질, 이의 제조 방법, 및 이를 포함하는 전고체 전지 | |
| EP4333124B1 (fr) | Nouvelles électrodes organiques et leur utilisation dans des systèmes électrochimiques | |
| WO2022136707A1 (fr) | Cellules électrochimiques basées sur l'intercalation et la désintercalation d'anions de chalcogène | |
| FR2948353A1 (fr) | Fluorosulfates, leur preparation, leur utilisation comme materiau d'electrode | |
| WO2014064392A1 (fr) | Hydroxysulfate de lithium et de fer |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20131002 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20160907 |
|
| GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
| INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20181015 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20190226 |