EP2681154A1 - Procédés pour fabriquer des nanoparticules de carbone métallisées - Google Patents

Procédés pour fabriquer des nanoparticules de carbone métallisées

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Publication number
EP2681154A1
EP2681154A1 EP12753033.5A EP12753033A EP2681154A1 EP 2681154 A1 EP2681154 A1 EP 2681154A1 EP 12753033 A EP12753033 A EP 12753033A EP 2681154 A1 EP2681154 A1 EP 2681154A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cnp
dispersion
liquid
mcnp
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12753033.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2681154A4 (fr
Inventor
Joachim Dr. Karthäuser
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Individual
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Individual
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Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2681154A1 publication Critical patent/EP2681154A1/fr
Publication of EP2681154A4 publication Critical patent/EP2681154A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
    • C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
    • C01B32/168—After-treatment
    • C01B32/174—Derivatisation; Solubilisation; Dispersion in solvents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/006—Nanoparticles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82B—NANOSTRUCTURES FORMED BY MANIPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS, MOLECULES, OR LIMITED COLLECTIONS OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES AS DISCRETE UNITS; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • B82B3/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
    • C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
    • C01B32/168—After-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
    • C25D15/02—Combined electrolytic and electrophoretic processes with charged materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
    • C25D17/16—Apparatus for electrolytic coating of small objects in bulk
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/18—Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/54—Electroplating of non-metallic surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
    • C25D21/16—Regeneration of process solutions
    • C25D21/18—Regeneration of process solutions of electrolytes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/38—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of copper

Definitions

  • This invention relates to chemical modification, in particular electrochemical modification of carbon nano particles such as CNT, graphene, carbon black and the like.
  • the products formed are metalized carbon nano particles. No directly related disclosures were found in the literature.
  • US 2010/0052223 by Yong Hyup KIM discloses methods for producing CNT/metai composite cables.
  • the method involves precipitating CNT and metal ions (which are reduced to metals) from a mixture of CNT and metal ions such as CuS04 onto a metal tip or wire while applying a voltage.
  • US 2010/0122910 by Quguiding Chen discloses an electrochemical co-deposition method for forming CNT/metal nano-composites.
  • a dispersion or solution of CNT and metal salts is used to deposit CNT and metal ions simultaneously onto an electrode which turns into a CNT reinforced metal during the co-deposition of CNT and metal.
  • this invention uses two different liquids, i.e. one first liquid dispersion of CNT or other CNP and a second, different liquid containing metal salts, and the purpose of the method is to alter the properties of the nano particles as such.
  • Carbon nano particles carbon nano tubes (CNT), single or multi wall, graphene, cones, discs, graphite, carbon black
  • Ionic compounds acids such as HCI or H2S04, metal compounds such as CuS04, AgN03, salts of metals including zinc, sodium, potassium, calcium, palladium, platinum, rhodium, iron etc.
  • CNP which have been distributed in a solvent such as water, isopropanol, heptane, silicone oil.
  • a solvent such as water, isopropanol, heptane, silicone oil.
  • CNT are sonicated or treated mechanically in order to break up agglomerates, i.e. bundles of CNT, into smaller fragments, ideally into single CNT.
  • Graphitic cones, graphite and carbon black are more easily dispersed using ball mill or mechanical shear. These dispersions show electrical conductivity, typically like a semiconductor.
  • Metallzation and metalized CNP metallization is understood as reduction of metal cations to the respective metal, MCNP means substances where metal has been deposited onto CNP whereby the metals may be be attached firmly by chemical bonds or loosely by physical forces to the CNP. Also metal fragments such as isolated metal nano wires (not bonded to CNP) are included in the definition.
  • electrochemical treatment of dispersions of CNP in the presence of a second liquid containing ionic compounds such as metal salts comprising the following steps:
  • said dispersion is also brought in contact with a second liquid, namely a solution of ionic compounds whereby said solution is in contact with the opposite electrode, and whereby the two electrodes are not in direct contact with each other through a homogeneous phase, d.
  • an optionally variable current is passed between the electrodes such that the dissolved ionic compounds can discharge, in particular such that metal cations can discharge and be converted to pure metal in proximity to the conductive CNP dispersion, products including MCNP are separated from the mixture of dispersion and solution of ionic compounds for purification, isolation for further use, and any other further processing including recycling to the electrochemical treatment.
  • the products obtained using this method are metalized CNP or MCNP.
  • the products may be metal nano wires, metalized CNP, CNP which carry metal clusters on the tips of CNT, or mixtures of various conceivable products comprising CNP and pure metal. They may also comprise functionaiized CNP such as oxidized or chlorinated CNP, especially if the conductive dispersion has been connected to the plus pole of the voltage supply, i.e. if anions such as sulfate or chloride have been discharged near the CNP dispersion.
  • a simple embodiment includes the dispersion of CNP in e.g. paraffin oil or silicone oil, and electrochemical treatment using a second liquid, e.g. Copper sulfate (CuS04) dissolved in water.
  • the oil and water phase are separated by a boundary. Passing an electrical current through the electrodes placed in the respective phases leads to the deposition of copper metal close to the CNP or CNT.
  • gentle stirring of the oil phase or both phases allows removal of metalized CNP (MCNP) into the bulk of the oil phase.
  • MCNP are separated and isolated or further processed after deposition of the desired amount of metal.
  • a preferred embodiment includes pumping the conductive dispersion of CNP through hollow needles made of stainless steel.
  • the outside of the needles is coated with an electrically insulating material.
  • the dispersion is in contact with typically the minus pole of a voltage supply, typically 1-10 V DC.
  • the voltage may be applied at a frequency, e.g. ON for 1 millisecond (ms), off for 1 ms, and so forth (see below).
  • Drops of the electrically conductive dispersion of CNP form at the tip of the needles, and due to the pumping of fresh dispersion the surface is constantly renewed.
  • the dispersion is pumped into a second liquid containing ionic compounds (e.g.
  • electrochemical deposition of metal is stopped. These drops can be separated from the second liquid by different means, depending on the nature of the solvents used. Suitable methods include phase separation, centrifuging, decanting, filtering, solvent removal by membranes, washing of filter residues, drying and so forth. A part of the product may be recycled to the metallization process.
  • the products obtained ⁇ MCNP differ from CNP in that they contain a certain amount of metal which may vary, e.g. in the order of ppm levels in weight or less to 100% and more.
  • Small loadings of metal here especially platinum, rhodium, silver, nickel and the like
  • Intermediate loadings of metal such as copper, zinc, tin, lithium and the like, such as in the % range, already increase the bulk conductivity and alter the electronic nature of the CNP. Different metal exhibit different electro-negativity, therefore combinations of MCNP with different metals exhibit properties of pn-junctions.
  • electrically conductive dispersions of CNP can be prepared elegantly by applying high power ultrasound to CNP agglomerates in a liquid such as water, alcohol, ketone, paraffin, silicon oil, epoxy, amine, ester and the like.
  • a liquid such as water, alcohol, ketone, paraffin, silicon oil, epoxy, amine, ester and the like.
  • 0,5-1,5% by weight of CNT such as obtainable from Bayer under the tradename BaytubesTM are dispersed with ultrasound within 5-30 minutes such that a resistance of 100-1000 Ohm (two tips of a standard Ohm-Meter, 1 cm distance) is achieved.
  • These dispersions may contain additives as the case may be, e.g. for regulation of viscosity, for prevention of re-agglomeration or for preparation of products at a later stage after metallization.
  • Fumed silica increases the viscosity.
  • Cellulose especially in micronized or nano form, stabilizes CNP and prevents re-agglomeration but reduces the electrical conductivity of especially CNT somewhat. 2, Different reactors, two phases stirring, or needles
  • the dispersion of CNP and the solution of ionic compounds may constitute two different and incompatible phases. Electrochemical deposition of metal will hence occur at the phase boundary from which MCIS3P may be isolated in dispersed form or as a film. The two phases may be stirred.
  • the CNP dispersion is pumped into the second liquid e.g. through one hollow needle or a plurality of hollow needles or channels. If incompatible phases are used, e.g. CNP in silicone oil and CuS04 in water, it is very practical to pump the dispersion upward to form growing droplets where the surface will be renewed constantly.
  • the droplets As long as the droplets are in contact with the dispersion, electrochemical deposition will occur, but over- deposition is prevented as the surface is renewed. Eventually, the droplet will detach from the dispersion and move upward (due to its lower density compared with the aqueous phase) upon which no more electrochemical metal deposition will occur.
  • the treatment may be carried out with simultaneous pumping of the aqueous solution, a.o. to avoid depletion of ions.
  • the dispersion may also be provided in the same base fluid as the second solution containing ionic compounds. In this case, mixing at the phase boundary (here understood as boundary characterized by different concentrations of CNP and ionic compounds, respectively) will occur, but metal deposition is nonetheless efficient. It is also possible to pump the second solution into the CNP dispersion such that the second solution forms growing droplets, however, in many practical cases, the above mentioned approach is preferred.
  • silicone oil e.g. AK 50 from Wacker
  • paraffin oil paraffins containing especially between 4 and 20 carbon atoms
  • esters e.g. alkylacetate
  • glycols e.g. Carbitol
  • amines and amine-esters e.g. Desmophen NH 1420 from Bayer
  • alcohols such as isopropanol
  • ketones such as acetone or MEK
  • epoxides and diepoxides such as raw materials for epoxy composites, and water.
  • the two different phases of CNT and dissolved metal salts will mix at the interface, however, during the mixing process there is still a high concentration of CNT in the original CNT phase, and a high concentration of metal salt in the original metal salt phase. At the boundary it is thus possible to carry out electrochemical reduction of metal salt to metal on the electron-conducting CNP surfaces.
  • This mode of operation requires that the resulting mixture of CNT, metal salt and water (and e.g. alcohol) is treated by appropriate separation techniques, such as centrifugation to separate the CNP from liquid.
  • the partially metaiized MCNP may be treated a couple of times.
  • the second liquid is preferably water containing water-soluble metal salts whereby the metals include especially copper, zinc, iron, chromium, noble metals such as gold, nickel, platinum etc., but also alkali, earth alkali metals as well as transition metals. Copper in general is a very suitable metal to improve the electrical conductivity of all CNP. Inert gas coverage is required as small copper particles have a strong tendency to oxide formation. Nickel, platinum, rhodium, silver etc are metals useful for catalytic purposes. Zinc and copper are very useful for conductive coatings and coatings for anti-corrosion purposes. In some cases, it is desirable to use other solvents than water. 4, Dispersion on plus - for oxidation
  • the CNP dispersion is connected to the plus pole of the voltage supply, and the second liquid, connected to the minus pole of the voltage supply, contains sulfate or chloride anions.
  • the electrochemical discharge leads to the formation of oxygen or chlorine in highly reactive states,
  • the CNP are oxidized or halogenated, respectively,
  • an acid such as sulfuric acid is used as ionic compound in the second solution.
  • the CNP dispersion is in electrical connection with the minus pole.
  • Electrochemical treatment leads to the formation of hydrogen atoms in proximity to the CNP, hence to the chemical reduction of said CNP. This chemical reduction improves the electrical conductivity of CNP, and the products are therefore useful for the manufacture of a.o. transparent electrodes for photovoltaic purposes.
  • graphene is often available as oxidized graphene, and the electrochemical treatment according to this invention is a highly suitable technique to increase the conductivity of graphene in oxide form.
  • voltages between zero (0) and ten (10) volts are especially useful.
  • a voltage higher than the theoretically needed electrochemical potential difference is useful in order to overcome over-voltages and in order to increase the metal deposition rate.
  • a constant voltage may lead to local metallization, probably due to lower resistance in areas where already metals have been deposited, this despite the changing surface of the dispersion, if e.g. the droplets formed in needles are used.
  • the useful frequency and duration of ON and OFF periods which may be very different, is governed by the solvents used, metal salts used, the required polydispersity and other parameters.
  • MCNP need to be purified for further processing or conversion to final products.
  • incompatible phases it is practical to phase-separate the e.g. oil and aqueous phase, and to concentrate MCNP e.g. by centrifuging, continuous decanting, solvent washing or the like.
  • the phases are compatible, e.g. dispersion and second liquid as water-based liquids, centrifuging, decanting, filtering etc are useful methods. Further washing with pure water is suitable for removing metal salts or acids.
  • Some MCNP may be recycled for further electrochemical processing. Products may be dried, washed, concentrated by removal of solvents by distillation, dispersed in different solvents, or processed in different and well-known ways known to the expert.
  • MCNP metal preferably being copper
  • a useful composition for a preferred application, the de-icing of wind power blades or wings, is 30-90 % by weight silicone rubber, 5-50% by weight carbon black, 0,1-10% by weight MC!MP and 5-30% by weight fillers such as fumed silica.
  • MCNP enable higher volume conductivity than CNP, therefore the heating tape can be made thinner than it is possible not using MCNP.
  • the heating tape is preferably covered with a thin (such as 100 micron) gelcoat based on epoxy or polyurethane on the top
  • the heating foil may contain holes such that the two gelcoat layers can crosslink chemically.
  • the lower gelcoat layer may be covered with an adhesive tape to allow retro-fitting of existing wind power or similar installations.
  • MCNP based on CNP dispersions which contain cellulose, especially micronized or nano-cellulosa, are used as feedstocks for conductive paper-like sheets.
  • 2 parts of cellulose and optionally some fumed silica and 1 part of CNT, graphene, cones and discs or the like are dispersed in water or alcohol.
  • This dispersion is electrochemicaliy treated in order to deposit metal such as copper, silver, zinc, nickel or the like on the dispersed and preferably cellulose-coated CNP.
  • the MCNP dispersion is washed, excess metal salt is removed, and the dispersion is filtered and spread out for drying to form sheets of any length and thickness e.g. between 10 and 50 micrometer.
  • the dried paper is useful as capacitor foil, incorporation of different metals, such as lithium, also opens the application as battery component.
  • hydrogenated CNP i.e. CNP which have been exposed to hydrogen atoms formed by electrochemical reduction of H+ or H30+ (acid in water) are used as feedstock for transparent electrodes on a photovoltaic device.
  • two different MCNP e.g. MCNP based on zinc and MCNP based on copper
  • MCNP MCNP based on copper
  • Such a combination shows properties of p-n-junctions, e.g. the resistance across the two layers to a DC voltage is dependent on the polarity.
  • MCNP are used for transport of electrical currents.
  • MCNP show lower percolation thresholds than the CNP they are based upon.
  • the resistance is further highly pressure dependent if measured in an elastic matrix such as rubber. Therefore, very low resistance is obtained if a rubber/MCNP system is kept compressed. Also, the resistance to high frequency alternating current, especially with frequencies exceeding 1 MHz, is extremely low.
  • the electrical conductivity can be used in analytical chemistry as the dropping mercury electrode used in potentiometry can be replaced by dropping MCNP or dropping CNP electrodes. These are even useful in less common solvents.
  • the CNP dispersion can be used in synthetic electrochemistry as replacement for liquid mercury, e.g. in a modification of the chlor-alkaii electrolysis.
  • both CNP and MCNP are useful directly as catalysts in electrochemical reactions. Electron transport through the tips of CNT leads to a high local current density, therefore reactions requiring such high current density, such as the formation of peroxodisulfate (S2082-) from two sulfate ions, can occur at the boundary of the CNP (especially CNT) dispersion. Also, MCNP can be integrated into gas diffusion electrodes.
  • MCNP are used as components in coatings and paints.
  • Zinc-MCNP and Cu- MCNP are both useful, the former for anti-corrosion effects, the latter as anti-fouling agent e.g. in marine paints.
  • slightly conductive paints can be formulated with the advantage of improved corrosion protection by better connectivity to the sacrificial anode.
  • MCNP are also protecting against radiation.
  • MCNP are used in composites as re-inforcing agents.
  • MCNP show significantly- stronger adhesion or compatibility with common matrix materials such as epoxy, polyurethane, PET, and other preferably polar plastics and thermosets, therefore composites incorporating MCNP show higher tensile strength and improved fatigue resistance than comparable composites based on the respective CNP.
  • the pure MCNP can be compressed and heated with the purpose of melting the metal phases.
  • the resultant product is a metal / CNP nano-composite with mechanical properties between pure metal and single CNP. Applications within ballistics protection and similar tasks are opened using these composites.
  • the pure MCNP preferably carrying metals such as nickel, silver, platinum, rhodium, iron, manganese and the like, can be shaped into larger structures such as a web, optionally using a support, and can be used as catalysts or catalyst carriers for chemical reactions.
  • relatively large amounts of metal e.g. twice the weight of the dispersed CNP, are deposited on or near the CNP.
  • a low pumping speed is used such that growth of metal by electrochemical deposition is favoured at the sites where such groth has already started.
  • the resulting products are heavily metalized CNP and can be used in similar applications where pure metal nano wires are used, e.g. as sensors or in applications described above.
  • the disclosed methods allow the facile production of MCNP using a versatile, safe and efficient technology.
  • the production process can be up-scaled easily.
  • the products have a range of potential applications from nano-technology, electronics, catalysis, photovoitaics, composite materials, coatings, energy storage and others, in comparison to CNP currently used in such applications, MCNP show, in comparison to the respective CNP, higher electrical conductivity, higher heat conductivity, less tendency to re-agglomeration, higher compatibility to most plastics and thermosets and therefore higher capability to re-inforce composite systems.
  • MCNP Due to their metal content, MCNP enable certain new functions, such as the formation of p-n- junctions upon combination of two different MCNP, or such as catalysis.
  • the method allows very high production rates and specific deposition of desired metals if compared with the electrodeiess deposition (or electroless plating).
  • the solvent used to disperse CNP and additives can be chosen with only few limitations such that the eiectrochemically treated dispersion can be used directly, after washing and removal of e.g.
  • this invention avoids the undesirable co-deposition of metals and CNT onto an electrode.
  • the objective is to metalize nano particles as such.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés pour modifier des nanoparticules de carbone dispersées à l'aide de l'électrochimie. Tout d'abord, des dispersions de nanotubes de carbone (CNT), de graphène, de graphite ou similaires dans de l'eau ou des solvants organiques sont préparées. Deuxièmement, lesdites dispersions sont amenées en contact avec une solution de composés ioniques dans un liquide, telle que des sels métalliques dissous dans de l'eau, ce par quoi la dispersion de nanoparticules de carbone est en connexion électrique avec une électrode, typiquement le pôle moins, et la seconde solution est en connexion électrique avec une seconde électrode, typiquement le pôle plus. La tension utile pour convertir des sels métalliques en le métal respectif est entre 0 et 10 V, et la tension peut être appliquée de manière continue ou à intervalles, tels que chaque milliseconde suivie d'une pause d'une milliseconde. A l'aide de ce procédé, du métal est précipité sur ou près des nanoparticules de carbone. Un procédé utile consiste à pomper la dispersion de nanoparticules et à la laisser entrer dans le second liquide sous la forme de gouttelettes grossissantes, de façon similaire à une électrode à goutte de mercure tombante. A la suite de ce dépôt métallique électrochimique, les nanoparticules de carbone métallisées peuvent être séparées et utilisées dans divers produits comprenant des composites, des revêtements, des condensateurs, des câbles et autres produits.
EP12753033.5A 2011-03-01 2012-02-28 Procédés pour fabriquer des nanoparticules de carbone métallisées Withdrawn EP2681154A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1100140A SE1100140A1 (sv) 2011-03-01 2011-03-01 Metoder för att producera metalliserade kolnanopartiklar
PCT/SE2012/050221 WO2012118434A1 (fr) 2011-03-01 2012-02-28 Procédés pour fabriquer des nanoparticules de carbone métallisées

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2681154A1 true EP2681154A1 (fr) 2014-01-08
EP2681154A4 EP2681154A4 (fr) 2015-08-12

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EP (1) EP2681154A4 (fr)
SE (1) SE1100140A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012118434A1 (fr)

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CN111334153A (zh) * 2020-04-13 2020-06-26 绍兴诺鼎卫浴洁具股份有限公司 一种导热导电型改性聚氨酯超疏水复合涂料及其制法
CN112645313A (zh) * 2021-01-16 2021-04-13 大连理工大学 一种电化学快速批量制备石墨烯基单原子催化剂的方法及其应用

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US8652386B2 (en) 2010-09-16 2014-02-18 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Alignment of carbon nanotubes comprising magnetically sensitive metal oxides in nanofluids
US10041168B2 (en) * 2013-01-14 2018-08-07 California Institute Of Technology Graphene structure
US9312046B2 (en) 2014-02-12 2016-04-12 South Dakota Board Of Regents Composite materials with magnetically aligned carbon nanoparticles having enhanced electrical properties and methods of preparation
WO2015155040A1 (fr) * 2014-04-09 2015-10-15 Re-Turn As Peinture et enduits gélifiés à haute teneur en nanotubes de carbone
AU2015249295B2 (en) 2014-04-25 2018-07-05 South Dakota Board Of Regents High capacity electrodes
GB2532914A (en) * 2014-08-14 2016-06-08 Bae Systems Plc Improved electrodeposition
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