EP2666912A1 - Method for anchoring offshore facilities to the sea bed, foundation structure for offshore facilities and device - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves attaching pile pins (11) or pile sleeves of a framework-like foundation structure of an offshore installation to foundation piles (12) rammed in a sea bottom. An interstice (20) between the foundation piles and the pile pins and/or the pile sleeves is filled with curable filling material i.e. grout material. The foundation piles and the pile pins or the pile sleeves are fixed to each other during duration of hardening of the filling material against relative movements. The piles and the sleeves and/or the pins are fixed against radial and/or axial movements. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a foundation structure (2) a device for fixing of foundation piles relative to pile sleeves or pile pins.

Description

The invention relates to a method for anchoring offshore installations on the seabed according to the preamble of claim 1 and a foundation structure for an offshore installation according to the preamble of claim 7. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for preventing relative movements between foundation piles and pile sleeves or pile pins according to the preamble of claim 12.

Foundation structures of offshore installations, in particular offshore wind turbines, must be anchored on the seabed. This happens in different ways. At the so-called pre-piling first foundation piles (piles) are rammed in the intended position in the seabed and inserted into the foundation piles pole pins, so-called pins or pile sleeves, so-called Pile Guides, placed over the foundation piles. In addition, a so-called post-piling is known, in which first deposited the foundation structure with pile sleeves on the seabed and then rammed into the pile piles pinned foundation piles in the seabed.

In order to be able to compensate for tolerances, in particular positioning inaccuracies of the foundation piles, the pile sleeves are larger than the foundation piles or the pile pins (Pins) smaller than the foundation piles. This leaves between the foundation piles and the pile sleeves or the foundation piles and the pile pins gaps in the form of circumferential annular gaps. These annular gaps are filled with a flowable material, a so-called grout material. The Grout material cures the gap to prevent movement between the foundation piles and the pile sleeves or pile pins thereafter. To ensure this, the gaps must not change during curing of the filling compound.

Based on the above, the present invention seeks to provide a method, a device and a foundation structure, which ensure a simple and reliable, in particular permanent, connection of the foundation piles with their associated pile sleeves or pile pins.

A method for solving the problem comprises the measures of claim 1. According to this method, it is provided to fix the foundation piles and their associated pile sleeves or pile pins, which may also be referred to as pile pegs, at least for the duration of the curing of the filler against relative movements to each other. As a result of the fixation it is avoided that during the hardening of the filling material, the foundation piles move with respect to the pile pins or the pile sleeves and thereby change the interstices in their design, which would lead to incomplete filling of the interspaces by the filler material (Grout material). After curing, the filler prevents displacements of the pile sleeves or pile pins against the foundation piles. The other fixations that have taken place up to then can then be canceled, but they also remain in place to support the fixations by the filling material.

The fixation of the pile sleeves or peg-like Pfahfstifte relative to the foundation piles takes place at least in the radial direction, whereby the annular space can not change in shape. Preferably, the fixation is carried out in the radial and axial direction, whereby the pile sleeves or pile pins can not move in the longitudinal direction of the foundation piles during the curing of the filler. Such perfect fixation ensures that, after curing of the filling material, the pile pegs are still in the intended relative position to the foundation piles and thereby the position or orientation of the foundation structure or the entire offshore installation during the curing of the filling material can not change.

According to a preferred embodiment of the method, it is provided to arrange in each case at least one spacer in the spaces between the foundation piles and their associated pile sleeves or Pfählstiften. The preferably annular spacers bridge the gaps over a small part of their length and thus ensure an immovable fixation of the relative position between the respective foundation pile and the associated pile sleeve or the pile pin. Much of the length of the gap (relative to the longitudinal direction of the respective pile sleeve) is not filled by the respective spacer, so that this major part of the gap can be filled by the filling material (grout material). The filling compound can harden in the intermediate space without the sheaves of the pile sleeves or pile pins reaching the foundation piles due to the at least one spacer during this time.

An advantageous development of the method provides to form the spacers variable in cross-section for adaptation to the respective shape of the gap between a foundation pile and its associated pile sleeve or the pile pin. The cross-sectional change of the spacers is preferably carried out hydraulically, whereby the cross section of the spacers is indeed variable in its shape. Due to the variability of the cross section, the spacers can adapt to any interspaces, namely arbitrarily large intermediate spaces and interspaces, with respect to the circumference of the respective pile sleeve or the respective pile pin of different width. Above all, the variability of the cross-section of the spacers allows the pile pins with spacers attached to them to be inserted into the foundation piles. Likewise, the pile sleeves can be slipped over the foundation piles with spacers attached thereto. It is also conceivable to pre-assemble the spacers on the foundation piles. Only later, when the pile sleeves or Pfahistifte are in the intended relative positions to the foundation piles, the spacers are adapted by cross-sectional changes to the given spaces, preferably by elastic expansion of the spacers.

Preferably, it is procedurally provided that by widening the spacers they are pressed against the outer surface of the respective foundation pile and the inner surface of the foundation pile associated pile sleeve or against the inner surface of the foundation pile around the outer surface of the associated pile pin or pintle. The widening of the respective spacer is preferably carried out hydraulically. Because of the spacers in Contact with the mutually facing lateral surfaces of the foundation piles and the pile sleeves or pile pins are brought takes place in the cross-section seen complete filling and bridging of the gap. The spacers press against the mutually facing lateral surfaces of the foundation piles on the one hand and the pile sleeves or Pfahistifte on the other. This has the consequence that relative movements between the foundation piles and the pile sleeves or pile pins can not take place during hardening of the grout material and the grout material after curing the gaps completely, especially backlash-free, and permanently fills.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the method is provided to support the spacers axially on and / or between welding rings on the lateral surfaces of the foundation piles and the pile sleeves or pile pins. It can be used in a simple way the already existing on the foundation piles, the pile sleeves and the pile pins welding rings to prevent axial relative movements between the foundation piles on the one hand and the pile sleeves or pile pins on the other hand, at least during the curing of the filling material (Grout material). Either the spacers are based on the welding rings or the elastically formed spacers nestle against welding rings. In any case, there is a positive and / or non-positive fixation to prevent axial relative movements between the foundation piles and the associated pile sleeves or pile pins.

A foundation structure for offshore installations, in particular offshore wind turbines, to solve the problem has the features of claim 7. In this foundation structure, the foundation piles are fixable relative to their associated pile sleeves or pile pins or pile pins by arranged in the interstices spacers. The spacers fill the space between each foundation pile and its associated pile sleeve or pile pin only a portion of the length of the gap. In this way, the respective intermediate space is bridged over a portion of its length by the spacer, so that the remaining larger part of the intermediate spaces can accommodate filling material. Thereby, the distance between the pile sleeve and the foundation pile or the foundation pile and the pile pin is kept constant, so that the filler material (grout material) can harden, without causing the relative position between the respective foundation pile and its associated pile sleeve or the pile pin can change.

Preferably, it is provided that the spacers annularly surround the foundation piles or the pile pins. Accordingly, the spacers correspond to the usual-wise in the cross-sectional direction of the foundation piles seen annular spaces.

The invention further preferably provides for the spacers to be variable in their shape, preferably in cross-section. As a result, the spacers can be adapted to intermediate spaces of different shape, in particular of different sizes. In particular, the size of the spacers during insertion of the pile pin into the foundation pile or when slipping the pile sleeve over the foundation pile can be reduced, so that the spacers do not interfere with this. Only when the pile sleeves or pile pins have been brought into the intended relative position to the foundation piles, the spacers are adapted by changing their shape to the self-adjusting gap, in particular the base thereof.

A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the spacers fill by elastic expansion, preferably hydraulic expansion, the respective gap between a foundation pile and its associated pile sleeve or the pile pin in a portion of its length. Preferably, this is done such that is pressed or pressed by the elastic expansion of the respective spacers against an outer surface of the foundation pile and the inner surface of the same associated pile sleeve or against the inner surface of the foundation pile and the associated therewith outer surface of the pile pin. As a result, the spacer bridges the mutually facing lateral surfaces of the respective foundation pile and the pile sleeve or the respective foundation pile and the pile pin. This results in a radial fixation of each pile sleeve or each pile pin against the foundation piles, whereby displacements between them are no longer possible, at least during the curing of the filler in the region of the respective gap left free by the spacer.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the spacers fix the foundation piles with respect to the pile sleeves or pile pins in the axial direction by supporting on welding rings on the outer surfaces of the foundation piles, pile sleeves and / or pile pins. By supporting the ends of the spacers on the welding rings and / or embedding the welding rings of the spacers comes a positive and / or frictional axial immovability of the pile sleeves or Pfahtstifte compared to the foundation piles state.

A device for fixing foundation piles and pile sleeves or pile pins of foundation structures for offshore installations has the features of claim 12. This device is characterized by at least one spacer for arrangement in intermediate spaces between a foundation pile and the pile sleeve or pile pin or pile pin associated therewith. By the spacer relative movements between the foundation pile and the pile sleeve or the pile pin are avoided during the curing of the introduced into the gap filling material. The spacer thus ensures that the flowable filler material filled in the gap can fully harden without the respective foundation pile in the pile sleeve or the pile pin in the foundation pile being able to move.

In a preferred embodiment of the device, the respective spacer is annular and deformable, in particular elastically deformable. Thereby, the spacer can be arranged around the pile pin or in the pile sleeve. Due to the particular elastic deformability of the spacer is adaptable to the respectively adjusting gap, in particular in the shape and / or in the size of the same.

Preferably, the particular annular spacer is formed as a hollow body with an elastically expandable wall. The spacer can thereby be inflated in the manner of a pneumatic tire to bring about a clamping or fixation of the respective pile sleeve relative to its associated foundation pile or the pile pin in the foundation pile in the space. By a corresponding internal pressure in the annular spacer, the force, whereby the fixation or the clamping between the respective foundation pile and the associated pile sleeve or the pile pin by preferably an elastic widening of the formed as a hollow body annular spacer, influence. The expansion takes place in the elastic region of the wall of the spacer, in particular hydraulically. As the pressure medium in particular in the cavity of the spacer with a corresponding pressure pumped water, and possibly even seawater, used.

Fig. 1

eine Seitenansicht einer Gründungsstruktur für eine Offshore-Windenergieanlage,

Fig. 2

eine vergrößerte Ansicht eines oberen Teils eines Gründungspfahls zur Verankerung der Gründungsstruktur im Meeresboden mit einem eingesetzten Pfahlstift der Gründungsstruktur,

Fig. 3

eine Einzelheit III aus der Darstellung der Fig. 2, und

Fig. 4

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung mit einem oberen Teil eines Gründungspfahls zur Verankerung von Pfahlhülsen aufweisenden Gründungsstrukturen auf dem Meeresgrund.

Preferred embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. In this show:

Fig. 1

a side view of a foundation structure for an offshore wind turbine,

Fig. 2

an enlarged view of an upper part of a foundation pile for anchoring the foundation structure in the seabed with an inserted pile pin of the foundation structure,

Fig. 3

a detail III from the representation of Fig. 2 , and

Fig. 4

A second embodiment of the invention with an upper part of a foundation pile for anchoring pile sleeves having foundation structures on the seabed.

The invention will be described below in connection with an offshore wind turbine. The invention is also suitable for other offshore installations, such as offshore substations.

The Fig. 1 shows a truss-like design foundation structure 10 of the wind turbine. The mostly underwater foundation structure 10 carries at the top of a tower with the rotor of the wind turbine. The tower and rotor with rotor head, gearbox and generator are in the Fig. 1 Not shown. At the lower end of the foundation structure 10 four parallel, vertical pile pins 11 are arranged. In the illustrated embodiment, all pile stakes 11 are the same length. But they can also have different lengths. The pile pins 11 form, so to speak, the feet of the foundation structure 10. Each pile pin 11 or pile pin is with a in the Fig. 2 anchored foundation post 12 anchored in the seabed. Each foundation pile 12 is at least mostly rammed into the seabed.

Each of the pile pins 11 has, in the upper end region, an annular stop plate 13 extending transversely to the longitudinal axis of the foundation pile 12. The stop plate 13 surrounds annularly the outside of the pile pin 11. The stop plate 13 is welded to the outer surface of the pile pin 11. In addition, in the corner region between the outer surface of the pile pin 11 and the top of the stop plate 13 a plurality of evenly distributed on the circumference of the knee plate 14 is provided, which are also welded to the stop plate 13 and the pile pin 11.

The foundation pile 12 is completely open at its upper end face 15. The upper end face 15 extends at a right angle transversely to the longitudinal center axis of the foundation pile 12. On the upper end face 15, the underside of the stop plate 13 of the pile pin 11 is located at the top of the foundation pile 12 post pin 11.

At least in the region in which the lower part of the pile post 11 inserted in the foundation pile 12 overlaps the upper part of the foundation pile 12, the pile pin 11 and the foundation pile 12 have welding rings 16, 17 formed by continuous circumferential weld beads. The welding rings 16 are arranged on the inner circumferential surface 18 of the foundation pile 12 and project with respect to this. In contrast, the welding rings 17 are arranged on the outer circumferential surface 19 of the pile pin 11 protruding. All welding rings 16 and 17 extend approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal central axis of the pile pin 11 and the foundation pile 12. The welding rings 16 and 17 are equally spaced from each other, with each one welding ring 17 on the pile pin 11 between two adjacent welding rings 16 in the foundation pile 12 ( Fig. 2 ).

The outer diameter of the pile pin 11 is smaller than the inner diameter of the foundation pile 12. In this way arises in the overlap region between the upper end of the foundation pile 12 and the inserted in this lower part of the pile pin 11, a circumferential annular space 20. In the illustration of Fig. 2 the pile pin 11 is inserted centrally into the foundation pile 12, so that their vertical longitudinal axes coincide. In practice, however, this will not always be achievable. In the majority of cases, therefore, the lower end of the pile pin 11 will be located slightly off-center in the upper end region of the foundation pile 12. As a result, although the intermediate space 20 is annular, the distances between the inner circumferential surface 18 of the foundation pile 12 and the outer surface 19 of the pile pin 11 change over the circumference of the annular space 20.

At least the intermediate space 20, preferably also the underlying, from the lower end of the pile pin 11 unfilled part of the foundation pile 12 are filled after insertion of the pile pin 11 in the foundation pile 12 with an initially flowable filler, so-called Grout material. After the filling material, not shown in the figures, it leads to a solid, immovable connection of the pile pin 11 in the foundation pile 12, whereby the filler leads to a permanently backlash-free fixation of the pile pin 11 in the foundation pile 12 and relative movements between the pile pin 11 and the foundation pile 12 prevented.

So that no relative movements between the respective pile pin 11 and the associated foundation pile 12 can take place during curing of the filling material, which would result in an insufficient connection between the foundation pile 12 and the pile pin 11 through the filler, is in the intermediate space 20 according to the invention a device designed in a special way arranged. In the Fig. 2 and 3 only one such device between the pile pin 11 and the foundation pile 12 is shown. However, it is conceivable to provide several identical devices in the intermediate space 20 between each foundation pile 12 and each pile pin 11 if required.

The in the Fig. 2 and 3 The device shown has a spacer 21 surrounding the pile pin 11. The spacer 21 is associated with the lower end portion of the pile pin 11. In the embodiment shown, the spacer 21 is slightly above an insertion tip 22 at the lower end of the pile pin 11. The annular spacer 21 is connected to the outer circumferential surface 19 of the pile pin 11. In this case, the spacer 21 is located at such a point in the lower end of the pile pin 11 that it runs around a welding ring 17 on the outer circumferential surface 19 of the pile pin 11 and is axially fixed and between two adjacent welding rings 16 on the inner surface 18 of the foundation pile 12th extends and supports.

The annular spacer 21 is formed to be variable in shape. In particular, the spacer 21 after the insertion of the spacer 21 bearing pile pin 11 in the foundation pile 12 is expandable. The spacer 21 can be widened so far that it completely but longitudinally along the longitudinal center axis of the pile pin 11 and the foundation pile 12, the space 20 in the cross section of the foundation pile 12 and the pile pin 11, but only partially, namely only between two welding rings 16, fills ( Fig. 2 ). In this case, the spacer 21 exerts a pressure on the inner circumferential surface 18 of the foundation pile 12 and the outer surface area 19 of the pile pin 11. The spacer 21 is thus clamped between the Pfahistift 11 and the foundation pile 12 for fixing the relative position of the pile pin 11 to the foundation pile 12th

The shape change of the spacer 21 is brought about in the embodiment shown by the fact that the spacer 21 is formed like a tube. The annular spacer 21 has characterized in the interior via a circumferential, annular cavity 23. At this cavity 23, a line 24 is connected. The Line 24 extends through the pole pin 11 and is guided in the region of the spacer 21 through a hole in the wall of the pile pin 11 to the cavity 23 of the spacer 21, so that the lower end of the conduit 24 is in communication with the cavity 23 of the spacer 21 , Via the line 24, the cavity 23 of the spacer 21 with a pressurized medium, preferably a liquid, such as seawater, can be supplied. By a corresponding pressure of the medium, the spacer 21 is hydraulically expandable. The cavity 23 is thus completely filled with the pressurized medium, in particular a liquid, and thereby hydraulically expanded. For this purpose, the cavity 23 delimiting tubular wall of the spacer 21 is formed of an elastically expandable material. Preferably, the wall of the spacer 21 is formed of a plastic-elastic material, for example vulcanized rubber. The wall of the spacer 21 may have at least one reinforcing insert to increase the strength and the resistance of the spacer 21 against damage. When the spacer 21 is hydraulically expanded, its elastically deformable wall nestles against the welding collar 17 on the outer jacket surface 19 of the pile pin 11 and also supports itself between two adjacent welding rings 16 on the inner jacket surface 19 of the foundation pile 12. In this way, in addition to the radial fixation of the pile pin 11 relative to the foundation pile 12, an axial fixation of the pile pin 11 relative to the foundation pile 12 in the longitudinal direction.

The method according to the invention is explained in more detail below:

In this method, it is provided to fix the pile pin 11 in each foundation pile 12 at least during the period of hardening of the filler against relative movements to the foundation pile 12 (and vice versa). This ensures that the shape of the annular gap 20 does not change during the curing of the filling material. This allows the filler to cure completely and then bring about a backlash-free and permanent connection of the lower end of the pile pin 11 with the upper portion of the foundation pile 12.

Each spacer 21 is mounted on the outer circumferential surface 19 of each pile pin 11. At first still depressurized or unfilled cavity 23, the spacer 21 is inserted with the respective pile pin 11 from above into the associated foundation pile 12. After the foundation structure 10 has been brought with all pile pins 11 in the intended position to the foundation piles 12, wherein Ideally, the longitudinal center axes of the pile pins 11 lie together with the longitudinal center axes of the foundation piles 12 and the stop plates 13 rests on the upper end faces 15 of the foundation piles 12, the filler is filled at least in the gap 20 between each foundation pile 12 and its associated pile pin 11 in the still flowable state , This can be done in different ways.

If the entire foundation pile 12, so not only the gap 20, to be filled with filler, filling of the filler takes place in the foundation pile 12 in empty or pressureless cavity 23 of the spacer 21. It can then from the upper end face 15 of the foundation pile 12 ago Fill material pass through the gap 20 in the underlying area of the foundation pile 12 and then fill the gap 20. After the filling material has been completely filled, the cavity 23 of the spacer 21 is completely filled with liquid under pressure and thereby widened. The pressure is maintained at least during the curing of the filling material. As the liquid for filling the cavity 23 of the spacer 21, any liquid may be used, including seawater. The spacer 21 exerts a pressure on the inner circumferential surface 18 of the foundation pile 12 and the outer surface 19 of the pile pin 11, so is clamped between the pile pin 11 and the foundation pile 12 and thereby closes the cross section of the gap 20 completely. This leads to a radial fixation of the pile pin 11 in the foundation pile 12 during the curing of the filled in the foundation pile and / or gap 20 filling material. During the curing of the filling material, therefore, no relative movements between the pile pin 11 and the foundation pile 12 can take place more, so that a play-free, gapless filling of at least the intermediate space 20 with filling material is ensured. After curing of the filling material, the spacer 21 has no function. The pressure in the cavity 23 of the spacer 21 can then be reduced by removing the supply of the cavity 23 via the line 24 with pressurized liquid.

If it is intended or sufficient to fill only the intermediate space 20 with filling material, the spacer 21 is inflated with pressurized liquid before filling the filling material into the intermediate space 20. Then, the spacer 21 serves not only for fixing and for preventing relative movements between the pile pin 11 and the foundation pile 12; he also seals the gap 20 down from, so that only above the spacer 21 filler in the foundation pile 12 is located.

The filled with pressurized liquid and elastically expanded spacer 21 also serves for the axial fixation of the pile pin 11 relative to the respective foundation pile 12 by the elastic spacer 21 on the one hand to the welding ring 17 on the outer surface 19 of the pile pin 11 hugs and on the other hand between adjacent Welding rings 16 on the inner circumferential surface 18 of the foundation pile 12 is supported.

The Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of the invention, in which the foundation structure 10 has four formed as pile sleeves 25 feet. To connect the foundation structure 10 with the seabed, the pile sleeves 25 are pushed over into the seabed rammed foundation piles 12, from above. This embodiment thus differs from the embodiment of Fig. 1 and 3 only in that each foundation pile 12 is assigned a pile sleeve 25 instead of the pile pin 11. Incidentally, this embodiment corresponds to those of Fig. 1 to 3 , therefore, the same reference numerals are used for the same parts.

The topped over the upper end face 15 of the foundation pile 12 pile sleeve 25 rests with an inner stop ring 26 on the upper end face 15 of the foundation pile 12.

In the embodiment shown here, there is an annular space 27 between an outer circumferential surface 28 of the foundation pile 12 and an inner surface 29 of the pile sleeve 25. On the outer surface 28 of the foundation pile 12 at the same distance from each other arranged welding rings 30 are arranged. Corresponding welding rings 31 are located on the inner circumferential surface 29 of the pile sleeve 25. The welding rings 30 and 31 are the same as the welding rings 16 and 17 are formed. The welding rings 30 and 31 each have equal distances from each other, wherein the welding rings 31 are offset by half a distance between the welding rings 31 relative to the welding rings 30.

To fix the relative position between the foundation pile 12 and the pile sleeve 25 during the curing of the filled in the gap 27 filling material arranged in the intermediate space 27 annular spacer 32 is also provided in this embodiment. Apart from another sizing corresponds Spacer 32 is attached to inner liner surface 29 of pile sleeve 25 at the lower portion of pile sleeve 25. As a result, spacer 32 annularly surrounds outer surface 28 of foundation pile 12 ,

To supply the cavity 23 of the spacer 32 with a pressure medium, in particular pressurized liquid, a line 33 is provided, which is guided for example on the outside of the pile sleeve 25 by a transverse bore in the same in the cavity 23 of the spacer 32.

In this embodiment, after placing the Pfahlhütse 25 on the foundation pile 12, the cavity 23 of the spacer 32 is filled with pressurized liquid and thereby the elastically expandable, tubular spacer 32 expands. In this case, the jacket of the spacer 32 presses against the outer circumferential surface 28 of the foundation pile 12 and the inner surface 29 of the pile sleeve 25. It is so in this embodiment, the gap 27 over a small part of its length, namely at the lower end of the pile sleeve 25, over its entire Cross-section filled and bridged the gap 27 from the spacer 32. It can then be filled from above into the gap 27, wherein the expanded spacer 32 additionally serves as a closure of the lower end of the pile sleeve 25 against outflow of the filling material. Incidentally, the spacer 32 also serves to hold the pile sleeve 25 of each foundation pile 12 axially and radially immovable relative to each other during hardening of the filling material.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

foundation structure

11

pile pin

12

foundation pile

13

stop plate

14

knee sheet

15

upper face

16

welding ring

17

welding ring

18

Inner surface area

19

Outer casing surface

20

gap

21

spacer

22

insertion

23

cavity

24

management

25

pile sleeve

26

stop ring

27

gap

28

Outer casing surface

29

Inner surface area

30

welding ring

31

welding ring

32

spacer

33

management

Claims (15)

Method for anchoring offshore installations on the seabed, wherein pile pins (11) or pile sleeves (25) are assigned to a foundation structure (10) of the offshore installation in the seabed, and intermediate spaces (20, 27) between the foundation piles ( 12) and the pile pins (11) and pile sleeves (25) are filled with a curable filler, characterized in that the foundation piles (12) and associated therewith pile pins (11) or pile sleeves (25) at least during the duration of curing of the filler material be fixed against relative movements to each other. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixing of the foundation piles (12) and the pile sleeves (25) or pile pins (11) takes place against radial and / or axial relative movements. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that spacers (21, 32) are arranged in the intermediate spaces (20, 27) between the foundation piles (12) and their associated pile sleeves (25) or peg pins (11). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spacers (21, 32) are variable in cross section, preferably hydraulically expanded. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that by the hydraulic expansion of the respective spacers (21, 32) against the outer circumferential surface (28) of the foundation pile (12) and the inner surface (29) of the foundation pile (12) associated pile sleeve (25) or against the inner circumferential surface (18) of the foundation pile (12) and the outer surface (19) of the foundation pile (12) associated pile pin (11) is pressed or pressed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spacers (21, 32) axially on and / or between welding rings (16, 17, 30, 31) on the lateral surfaces of the foundation piles (12) and / or the pile sleeves (25) or pile pins (11) are supported. Foundation structure for an offshore installation, having a three-dimensional foundation comprising pile pins (11) or pile sleeves (25) and having foundation piles (12) driven into the seabed, extending either through the pile sleeves (25) or into the pile pins (11 ) are inserted, wherein between the foundation piles (12) and the pile sleeves (25) or pile pins (11) gaps (20, 27) remain, characterized in that the foundation piles (12) relative to their associated pile sleeves (25) or Pile pins (11) can be fixed by spacers (21, 32) arranged in the intermediate spaces (20, 27). Foundation structure according to claim 7, characterized in that the spacers (21, 32) surrounding the foundation piles (12) or the pile pins (11) annularly, preferably are connected thereto. Foundation structure according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the spacers (21, 32) in their shape, preferably in cross-section and / or in the circumference, are variable. Foundation structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spacers (21, 32) by elastic expansion, preferably hydraulic expansion, the intermediate spaces (20, 27) between the Fill foundation piles (12) and their associated pile sleeves (25) or pile pins (11) in the radial direction. Foundation structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spacers (21, 32) fix the foundation piles (12) axially with respect to the pile sleeves (25) or the pile pins (11) by being supported on welding rings (16, 17; 30, 31) on lateral surfaces of the foundation piles (12) and the pile sleeves (25) or the pile pins (11). Device for fixing foundation piles (12) to piles (25) or pile pins (11) of foundation structures (10) for offshore installations, characterized by spacers (21, 32) for arrangement in intermediate spaces (20, 27) between each foundation pile (20). 12) and associated with this pile sleeve (25) or the pile pin (11). Apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the spacer (21, 32) is annular and deformable, preferably elastically deformable. Apparatus according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the annular spacer (21, 32) as a hollow body with at least one of an elastically expandable wall surrounding cavity (23) is formed, wherein the elastically expandable wall of the spacer (21, 32) is preferably formed of vulcanized rubber. Device according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the respective spacer (21, 32) is elastically expandable, preferably hydraulically.

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