EP2712985B1 - Method for creating a tower, in particular a tower for a wind energy assembly - Google Patents
Method for creating a tower, in particular a tower for a wind energy assembly Download PDFInfo
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- EP2712985B1 EP2712985B1 EP12186525.7A EP12186525A EP2712985B1 EP 2712985 B1 EP2712985 B1 EP 2712985B1 EP 12186525 A EP12186525 A EP 12186525A EP 2712985 B1 EP2712985 B1 EP 2712985B1
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- Prior art keywords
- tower
- lifting devices
- accordance
- lifting
- elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
- E04H12/34—Arrangements for erecting or lowering towers, masts, poles, chimney stacks, or the like
- E04H12/344—Arrangements for lifting tower sections for placing additional sections under them
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for creating a tower, in particular a tower for a wind turbine, wherein the tower is composed of a plurality of stacked tower elements.
- a rotor with nacelle and rotor blades is arranged at the upper end of the tower or in the region of the upper end of the tower.
- the wind energy can be converted into electrical energy with such a rotor.
- the invention also relates to the creation of a wind turbine.
- WO 2010/129 642 A2 a method of the type mentioned is known.
- first a two-dimensional foundation foundation is created and on the foundation foundation is a plurality of lifting devices arranged. At least a part of the lifting devices is fixed to a first tower element and this first tower element is then lifted by means of these lifting devices.
- a second tower element is arranged below the first tower element and at least a part of the lifting devices is fixed to the second tower element. The aggregate of the first and the second tower element is then raised by means of the lifting devices. The reliability of this process leaves much to be desired.
- the invention is based on the technical problem of specifying a method of the type mentioned, with which a tower, in particular a tower for a wind turbine with the least possible effort and functionally reliable can be made.
- the invention teaches a method for constructing a tower, in particular a tower for a wind turbine, wherein the tower is composed of a plurality of stacked tower elements, wherein initially a planar foundation foundation is produced, wherein a plurality of lifting devices is displaceable or displaceable on the foundation foundation, in particular in the horizontal direction or essentially in the horizontal direction, wherein at least a part of the lifting devices is fixed to a first tower element arranged on the foundation foundation and this first tower element is subsequently lifted by means of these lifting devices, after which a second tower element is placed below the first tower element on the foundation foundation, at least a part of the lifting devices being fixed to the second tower element and the assembly of the first and second tower elements subsequently being lifted by means of a part of the lifting devices and preferably then a third tower element below the aggregate of the first and the second tower element is placed on the foundation foundation, etc.
- a foundation foundation plate is used as a foundation foundation, which preferably consists of reinforced concrete.
- the founding foundation is suitably not only suitable for the construction of the tower, but also suitable for the later inclusion of the entire structure or the entire wind turbine.
- the foundation foundation thus forms according to a preferred embodiment, the foundation of a wind turbine to be created.
- the tower elements consist of concrete or substantially of concrete and in one embodiment of reinforced concrete or substantially of reinforced concrete. But you can also consist of a different material, such. As steel or a combination of materials such. B. steel composite.
- the method described above or in claim 1 for the first and the second tower element also analogously to the second and the third tower element and preferably also to the third and fourth tower element and recommended further to be connected to each other tower elements is. - If a tower element is arranged below a raised tower element or if a second tower element below the first tower element is arranged, at least a part of the lifting devices is released from the first tower element and expediently fixed to the underlying tower element or on the second tower element.
- all lifting devices or at least the largest part of the lifting devices are displaceable or movable within the scope of the method according to the invention.
- the invention is based on the finding that due to the displaceability or movability of the lifting devices a very flexible and rapid creation of a tower, in particular a tower for a wind turbine is possible. Especially when a conical tower is to be created with upwardly decreasing diameter of the tower elements, the displaceability or movability of the lifting devices is of particular advantage.
- a plurality of guide rails is fixed in or on the foundation foundation and at least a part of the lifting devices is displaceable or movable on the guide rails.
- at least a part of the guide rails is arranged in a star shape or oriented radially outwardly from the center of the foundation foundation. It is within the scope of the invention that the guide rails are arranged distributed around a point or center and would intersect at a corresponding extension in this point or center. Preferably, these guide rails are linear and protrude from the point or midpoint radially outward.
- each lifting device is arranged on a steel element which can be moved in a guide rail.
- the lifting devices are thus radially displaceable or movable or with respect to a point of the foundation foundation on the foundation foundation radially displaceable or movable. It recommends itself that all lifting devices on the preferred or in the preferred guide rails are displaced or moved.
- a very preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that hydraulic lifting cylinders are used as lifting devices.
- hydraulic lifting cylinders are used as lifting devices.
- 4 to 64, preferably 6 to 32 and particularly preferably 8 to 16 lifting devices or hydraulic lifting cylinders are used.
- all these lifting devices or lifting cylinders are displaceable or movable and in particular with respect to a (point or center of the foundation foundation radially displaceable or movable.
- a recommended embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that a tower for a wind power layer is created, wherein first a nacelle for this wind turbine is lifted by means of at least a portion of the lifting devices or lifting cylinder and deposited on the first tower element. Subsequently, the first tower element together with the nacelle is expediently raised with the aid of at least part of the lifting devices or lifting cylinders. Thereafter, the second tower element is arranged below the first tower element, etc.
- the nacelle as part of a wind turbine already components such as parts of the rotor - z. B. rotor hub - and / or parts of the generator contains. It is also within the scope of the invention that the nacelle by means of a support device on which the lifting devices or lifting cylinder act, is raised.
- an adapter element is present, the preferably consists of steel or it is in the adapter element to a concrete element with a steel plate or with a steel head plate. With the aid of the adapter element a positive and / or non-positive connection between the nacelle or the rotor and the first tower element is expediently realized.
- the tower elements are hollow tower elements inside.
- the tower elements are designed as annular or cylindrical tower elements.
- these annular or cylindrical tower elements are composed of at least two partially annular or partially cylindrical tower segments. The construction of the tower thus takes place, so to speak, in a tubbing construction known from tunnel construction.
- the tower elements are conical and preferably taper in the installed state from bottom to top. Conveniently, the tower elements have a circular cross-section.
- the tower elements are composed of two tower segments formed as half-shells or of more part-ring-shaped or partially cylindrical tower segments.
- the tower segments are combined as prefabricated segments on site to the tower elements. It is recommended that the tower segments are made of concrete or substantially concrete and in particular reinforced concrete or substantially of reinforced concrete. In principle, however, they can also consist of a different material, such as steel or a combination of materials, such as. B. steel composite.
- the tower segments combined with the tower elements are braced radially. This can be achieved for example by screwing the tower segments together or with the help of guided in clamping channels clamping elements.
- a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the lifting devices or the lifting cylinders for lifting or manipulating the tower elements engage with at least one support element in each case in a guide element present on the tower element or on the tower segment.
- each lifting device or each lifting cylinder has such a support element, with which it can engage in a guide device of a tower element or tower segment.
- the support element is preferably a pin or carrier or a pin-like or carrier-like element, which is expediently arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis of the lifting device or substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis of the lifting device.
- the guide devices are expediently recesses in the tower segments, which can be continuous (opening) or remain closed on the outside (pockets).
- These guide means are provided according to an embodiment at the upper end and / or at the lower end of a tower segment.
- the terms upper end and lower end refer to the assembled state of the tower segments or tower elements. It is recommended that the support elements of the lifting devices or the lifting cylinder engage positively in the guide means of the tower segments.
- the tower elements are hollow on the inside.
- the provided for receiving the support elements of the lifting device guide means of a tower element are arranged or formed so that the support elements of the lifting devices can be inserted from the inside of the inside hollow or cylindrical tower element.
- the guide devices are distributed over the inner circumference of the tower elements or distributed at equal intervals.
- the internal arrangement or accessibility of the guide means brings with it special advantages for the method according to the invention.
- further tower segments can be fed radially without problems radially under the lifting devices already raised tower elements and combined to form a further tower element. Due to the internal arrangement of the guide means and the corresponding arrangement of the lifting devices, the lifting devices do not interfere with this creation of another tower element.
- a particularly recommended embodiment of the invention is characterized in that after the arrangement of a (second) tower element on the foundation foundation below a (first) with the lifting devices or lifting cylinders raised tower element initially only a first part of the raised (first) tower element fixed Lifting devices is released from the raised (first) tower element and is fixed to the lower (second) tower element and that only after force-locking connection of the raised (first) tower element with the lower (second) tower element, a second part of the raised (first) tower element fixed lifting devices is released from the raised (first) tower element and is preferably fixed to the lower (second) tower element.
- all lifting devices or lifting cylinders are fixed to the lower (second) tower element for lifting.
- This procedure has the advantage that the second part of the lifting devices or lifting cylinder initially still remains non-positively in the upper or first tower element in order to accommodate any occurring tensile loads from wind loads or the like. Only when the first part of the lifting devices or lifting cylinder frictionally and preferably positively intervened in the lower or second tower element and when the upper or first tower element was positively connected to the lower or second tower element, the still connected in the upper or first tower element lifting devices or lifting cylinders are released and also driven down.
- the lifting devices or lifting cylinders are expediently designed so that they can absorb both compressive forces and tensile forces alternately. It is, moreover, within the scope of the invention that the lifting devices or lifting cylinders are anchored in the foundation foundation.
- Wind loads or the like can lead to tensile loads on the lifting devices or the lifting cylinders, which exceed the pressure load from the weight of the lifted tower elements. These must be picked up and discharged into the foundation by the lifting devices or lifting cylinders are able to receive alternating tensile and compressive loads.
- the weight of the tower elements to be lifted is still relatively small compared to the total tower weight. Therefore, in the initial phase, only a part of the lifting devices or lifting cylinders can be used for lifting.
- the stacked tower elements are clamped together in the longitudinal direction of the tower. Furthermore, it is within the scope of the invention that the tower segments of a tower element are radially clamped together.
- a recommended embodiment is characterized in that the measures provided for the support elements of the lifting devices or lifting cylinder guide means for radial clamping of the tower segments of a tower element and / or for the tension of the stacked tower elements in the longitudinal direction of the tower.
- arranged on the tower elements guide means advantageously fulfill an additional function.
- the tensions preferably take place with the aid of tensioning elements, in particular with tensioning elements made of steel, which are recommended to be fixed on or in the guide devices or engage in the guide devices.
- the lifting devices or the lifting cylinders are controlled away. In this way, an exact vertical lifting of the tower elements is guaranteed and suddenly occurring load changes as a result of gusts of wind or the like. can be compensated.
- the tower segments have an outer frame and an inner recess surrounded by the frame.
- a frame consists of four interconnected struts.
- the tower segments or the frame is advantageously made of concrete or reinforced concrete. It has been proven that the recess arranged in the frame occupies at least 50% of the area of a tower segment.
- the recesses realized in this embodiment enable a static optimization or a weight optimization for the tower produced according to the invention.
- the tower with the recesses described above on a the outer recesses covering the recesses which may consist in particular of steel or plastic.
- the invention is based on the finding that with the method according to the invention a particularly simple and inexpensive construction of a tower, in particular a tower of a wind turbine is possible.
- the inventive method is basically without the help of cranes and / or guying, which require a considerable effort or cost in known from the prior art method.
- the method according to the invention can be carried out with relatively little effort and in so far as the energy consumption is advantageously relatively low.
- Loads, especially wind loads or the like during the construction phase can be effectively and reliably intercepted or compensated.
- the space required which is largely determined by the arrangement of large cranes in the known methods, significantly reduced.
- the influence on the environment, especially when setting up wind turbines in nature reserves, forests or similar. minimized.
- the figures show schematically method steps of the inventive method for creating a tower for a wind turbine.
- the tower is composed of a plurality of tower elements 1 arranged one above the other.
- foundation foundation plate 2 made of reinforced concrete.
- This foundation foundation plate 2 expediently forms the foundation for the entire wind turbine.
- a plurality of guide rails 3 is fixed.
- these guide rails 3 are arranged in a star shape and point radially outward from the center of the foundation foundation plate 2 (FIG. Fig. 1 ).
- FIG. 3 A comparative consideration of Figures 3 and 4 can be removed, that then in a further process step preferably a nacelle 6 is supplied for a not-shown rotor of the wind turbine and is equipped with a support means 7. Then, the support means 7 including gondola 6 is raised by means of the lifting cylinder 5 ( Fig. 4 ).
- a first tower element 1 is expediently assembled below the gondola 6 or below the carrying device 7.
- an adapter element 8 made of steel is arranged between the nacelle 6 and the first tower element 1.
- the tower elements 1 are formed as annular or cylindrical tower elements 1 and are combined or assembled from partially cylindrical tower segments 9.
- the tower segments 9 and the tower elements 1 consist of concrete or reinforced concrete.
- the tower segments 9 are delivered as finished parts and on site or at the construction site to the tower elements. 1 combined ( Fig. 5 . 6 . 7 ).
- gondola 6, adapter element 8 and tower element 1 are connected to each other in a force-locking manner by suitable means.
- the lifting cylinders 5 are recommended to grip in a shut down position ( Fig. 8 ) with support elements 10 in guide means 11 of the tower segments 9 and the tower elements 1 a.
- the support elements 10 are arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis of the lifting cylinder 5.
- the support elements 10 engage positively in the guide means 11 of the tower elements 1.
- the lifting cylinder 5 go upwards and thereby lift the gondola unit 6, adapter element 8 and the first tower element 1 ( Fig. 9 ).
- the guide devices 11 of a tower element 1 are arranged on the inside of the hollow or cylindrical tower elements 1.
- FIGS. 12 to 14 show the already assembled state of the second tower element 1 '.
- further lifting cylinders 5 or, in the exemplary embodiment, four further lifting cylinders 5 are preferably used ( Fig. 12 ).
- the four first lifting cylinders 5 are still in engagement with the upper first tower element 1, while the newly added four lifting cylinders 5 are brought into engagement with the lower second tower element 1 '( Fig. 13 ).
- FIGS. 15a to 15k show inventive method steps in a developed state of the tower elements.
- Fig. 15a shows the combined state of the first tower element 1 and in this phase, the lifting cylinders 5 are shut down and engage with their support members 10 in guide means 11 of the first tower element 1 a.
- Guide means 11 are arranged both at the upper edge and at the lower edge of the tunnel elements 1.
- the lifting cylinder 5 are extended and the Fig. 15b shows this raised state of the first tower element 1.
- the second tower element 1 'below the first raised tower element 1 is combined ( Fig. 15c ).
- Fig. 15d shows that these clamping elements preferably and in the embodiment also in the guide means 11 of the tower elements 1, 1 'engage.
- the guide means 11 thus meet recommended a double function as engagement elements for the lifting cylinder 5 on the one hand and as engaging or attacking elements for the clamping elements 12 on the other.
- Fig. 15e come four more lifting cylinders 5 are used, which in the lowered state in lower guide means 11 of the lower second tower element 1 'engage.
- the first four lifting cylinders 5 are brought out of engagement with the upper first tower element 1 and also brought into engagement with the guide means 11 of the lower second tower element 1 ', as shown in the Fig. 15f is shown.
- the Fig. 15g shows that the unit of the first and the second tower element 1, 1 'is raised with all eight lifting cylinders 5.
- a third tower element 1 "is assembled and this third tower element 1" is in the Fig. 15h shown.
- only four lifting cylinders 5 are initially shut down ( Fig. 15i ), while the other four lifting cylinders 5 are still in engagement with the second tower element 1 '.
- the lower third tower element 1 is clamped vertically with the second tower element 1 'arranged above it, likewise with the aid of clamping elements 12 which engage in the guide devices 11 of the third tower element 1" on the one hand and the second tower element 1' on the other hand ( Fig. 15j ). Only then are the other four lifting cylinders 5 shut down again and brought into engagement with the lower guide means 11 of the third tower element 1 "( Fig. 15k ). Following this, the entire aggregate of the three tower elements 1, 1 ', 1 "is then raised with the aid of all lifting cylinders 5. However, this was no longer shown in the figures.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Erstellen eines Turms, insbesondere eines Turms für eine Windkraftanlage, wobei der Turm aus einer Mehrzahl von übereinander angeordneten Turmelementen zusammengesetzt ist. Vorzugsweise wird am oberen Ende des Turms bzw. im Bereich des oberen Ende des Turms ein Rotor mit Gondel und Rotorblättern angeordnet. Bekanntlich kann mit einem solchen Rotor die Windenergie in elektrische Energie umgewandelt werden. Insoweit betrifft die Erfindung auch die Erstellung einer Windkraftanlage.The invention relates to a method for creating a tower, in particular a tower for a wind turbine, wherein the tower is composed of a plurality of stacked tower elements. Preferably, a rotor with nacelle and rotor blades is arranged at the upper end of the tower or in the region of the upper end of the tower. As is known, the wind energy can be converted into electrical energy with such a rotor. In that regard, the invention also relates to the creation of a wind turbine.
Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art sind aus der Praxis in unterschiedlichen Ausführungsformen bekannt. Insbesondere für Windkraftanlagen müssen relativ hohe Türme erstellt werden, so dass die Errichtung eines solchen Turmes insbesondere auch aufgrund der statischen Anforderungen und der einwirkenden Windlasten verhältnismäßig schwierig ist. Bekannte Verfahren setzen für die Erstellung eines solchen Turmes in der Regel Kräne ein. Diese müssen in der Lage sein, die mit fortschreitender Errichtung des Bauwerks zunehmende Höhe auch mit schweren Lasten zu bewältigen und sind daher entsprechend groß, aufwendig aufzustellen und teuer. Es sind auch Verfahren bekannt, bei denen Türme errichtet werden und bei denen zur Stabilisierung aufwendige Sicherungsmaßnahmen in Form von Führungen und Abspannungen erforderlich sind. Alle diese Verfahren sind relativ aufwendig und zwar insbesondere auch energieaufwendig und kostenaufwendig.Methods of the type mentioned are known from practice in different embodiments. In particular, for wind turbines relatively high towers must be created so that the establishment of such a tower is relatively difficult, in particular due to the static requirements and the impact of wind loads. Known methods usually use cranes for the construction of such a tower. These must be able to handle the increasing height with progressive construction of the structure even with heavy loads and are therefore correspondingly large, expensive to set up and expensive. There are also methods are known in which towers are built and where complex stabilization measures in the form of guides and guying are required for stabilization. All of these methods are relatively expensive and in particular also energy-consuming and costly.
Aus
Der Erfindung liegt das technische Problem zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, mit dem ein Turm, insbesondere ein Turm für eine Windkraftanlage mit möglichst geringem Aufwand und möglichst funktionssicher hergestellt werden kann.The invention is based on the technical problem of specifying a method of the type mentioned, with which a tower, in particular a tower for a wind turbine with the least possible effort and functionally reliable can be made.
Zur Lösung dieses technischen Problems lehrt die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Erstellen eines Turms, insbesondere eines Turms für eine Windkraftanlage, wobei der Turm aus einer Mehrzahl von übereinander angeordneten Turmelementen zusammengesetzt ist,
wobei zunächst ein flächiges Gründungsfundament erzeugt wird, wobei eine Mehrzahl von Hubeinrichtungen auf dem Gründungsfundament, insbesondere in horizontaler Richtung bzw. im Wesentlichen in horizontaler Richtung verschiebbar bzw. verfahrbar ist,
wobei zumindest ein Teil der Hubeinrichtungen an einem ersten auf dem Gründungsfundament angeordneten Turmelement fixiert wird und wobei dieses erste Turmelement anschließend mit Hilfe dieser Hubeinrichtungen angehoben wird,
wobei danach ein zweites Turmelement unterhalb des ersten Turmelementes auf dem Gründungsfundament angeordnet wird, wobei zumindest ein Teil der Hubeinrichtungen an dem zweiten Turmelement fixiert wird und wobei das Aggregat aus dem ersten und dem zweiten Turmelement anschließend mit Hilfe eines Teils der Hubeinrichtungen angehoben wird und wobei vorzugsweise daraufhin ein drittes Turmelement unterhalb des Aggregates aus dem ersten und dem zweiten Turmelement auf dem Gründungsfundament angeordnet wird uswf.To solve this technical problem, the invention teaches a method for constructing a tower, in particular a tower for a wind turbine, wherein the tower is composed of a plurality of stacked tower elements,
wherein initially a planar foundation foundation is produced, wherein a plurality of lifting devices is displaceable or displaceable on the foundation foundation, in particular in the horizontal direction or essentially in the horizontal direction,
wherein at least a part of the lifting devices is fixed to a first tower element arranged on the foundation foundation and this first tower element is subsequently lifted by means of these lifting devices,
after which a second tower element is placed below the first tower element on the foundation foundation, at least a part of the lifting devices being fixed to the second tower element and the assembly of the first and second tower elements subsequently being lifted by means of a part of the lifting devices and preferably then a third tower element below the aggregate of the first and the second tower element is placed on the foundation foundation, etc.
Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass als Gründungsfundament eine Gründungsfundamentplatte eingesetzt wird, die vorzugsweise aus Stahlbeton besteht. Das Gründungsfundament ist zweckmäßigerweise nicht nur für die Erstellung des Turms geeignet, sondern auch für die spätere Aufnahme des gesamten Bauwerkes bzw. der gesamten Windkraftanlage geeignet. Das Gründungsfundament bildet also nach bevorzugter Ausführungsform das Fundament einer zu erstellenden Windkraftanlage. Es liegt weiterhin im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Turmelemente aus Beton bzw. im Wesentlichen aus Beton und nach einer Ausführungsform aus Stahlbeton bzw. im Wesentlichen aus Stahlbeton bestehen. Sie können aber auch aus einem anderen Material bestehen, wie z. B. Stahl oder aus einer Materialkombination, wie z. B. aus Stahlverbund.It is within the scope of the invention that a foundation foundation plate is used as a foundation foundation, which preferably consists of reinforced concrete. The founding foundation is suitably not only suitable for the construction of the tower, but also suitable for the later inclusion of the entire structure or the entire wind turbine. The foundation foundation thus forms according to a preferred embodiment, the foundation of a wind turbine to be created. It is also within the scope of the invention that the tower elements consist of concrete or substantially of concrete and in one embodiment of reinforced concrete or substantially of reinforced concrete. But you can also consist of a different material, such. As steel or a combination of materials such. B. steel composite.
Fernerhin liegt es im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die oben bzw. im Patentanspruch 1 beschriebene Verfahrensweise für das erste und das zweite Turmelement auch auf das zweite und das dritte Turmelement und bevorzugt auch auf das dritte und vierte Turmelement sowie empfohlenermaßen weitere aneinander anzuschließende Turmelemente analog anzuwenden ist. - Wenn ein Turmelement unterhalb eines angehobenen Turmelementes angeordnet wird bzw. wenn ein zweites Turmelement unterhalb des ersten Turmelementes angeordnet wird, wird zumindest ein Teil der Hubeinrichtungen von dem ersten Turmelement gelöst und zweckmäßigerweise an dem darunter angeordneten Turmelement bzw. an dem zweiten Turmelement fixiert.Furthermore, it is within the scope of the invention that the method described above or in
Nach empfohlener Ausführungsform sind im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens alle Hubeinrichtungen oder zumindest der größte Teil der Hubeinrichtungen verschiebbar bzw. verfahrbar. Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass aufgrund der Verschiebbarkeit bzw. Verfahrbarkeit der Hubeinrichtungen eine sehr flexible und zügige Erstellung eines Turms, insbesondere eines Turms für eine Windkraftanlage möglich ist. Vor allem wenn ein konischer Turm mit sich nach oben verringerndem Durchmesser der Turmelemente erstellt werden soll, ist die Verschiebbarkeit bzw. Verfahrbarkeit der Hubeinrichtungen vom besonderen Vorteil.According to the recommended embodiment, all lifting devices or at least the largest part of the lifting devices are displaceable or movable within the scope of the method according to the invention. The invention is based on the finding that due to the displaceability or movability of the lifting devices a very flexible and rapid creation of a tower, in particular a tower for a wind turbine is possible. Especially when a conical tower is to be created with upwardly decreasing diameter of the tower elements, the displaceability or movability of the lifting devices is of particular advantage.
Gemäß bevorzugter Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird eine Mehrzahl von Führungsschienen in bzw. an dem Gründungsfundament fixiert und zumindest ein Teil der Hubeinrichtungen ist auf den Führungsschienen verschiebbar bzw. verfahrbar. Vorzugsweise ist zumindest ein Teil der Führungsschienen sternförmig bzw. von der Mitte des Gründungsfundamentes radial nach außen orientiert angeordnet. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Führungsschienen um einen Punkt bzw. Mittelpunkt verteilt angeordnet sind und sich bei einer entsprechenden Verlängerung in diesem Punkt bzw. Mittelpunkt schneiden würden. Vorzugsweise sind diese Führungsschienen linear ausgebildet und ragen von dem Punkt bzw. Mittelpunkt radial nach außen. Gemäß einer bewährten Ausführungsvariante ist jede Hubeinrichtung auf einem Stahlelement angeordnet, das in einer Führungsschiene verfahrbar ist. Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Hubeinrichtungen also radial verschiebbar bzw. verfahrbar bzw. bezüglich eines Punktes des Gründungsfundamentes auf dem Gründungsfundament radial verschiebbar bzw. verfahrbar. Es empfiehlt sich, dass alle Hubeinrichtungen auf den bevorzugten bzw. in den bevorzugten Führungsschienen verschiebbar bzw. verfahrbar sind.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a plurality of guide rails is fixed in or on the foundation foundation and at least a part of the lifting devices is displaceable or movable on the guide rails. Preferably, at least a part of the guide rails is arranged in a star shape or oriented radially outwardly from the center of the foundation foundation. It is within the scope of the invention that the guide rails are arranged distributed around a point or center and would intersect at a corresponding extension in this point or center. Preferably, these guide rails are linear and protrude from the point or midpoint radially outward. According to a proven embodiment variant, each lifting device is arranged on a steel element which can be moved in a guide rail. Conveniently, the lifting devices are thus radially displaceable or movable or with respect to a point of the foundation foundation on the foundation foundation radially displaceable or movable. It recommends itself that all lifting devices on the preferred or in the preferred guide rails are displaced or moved.
Eine sehr bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass hydraulische Hubzylinder als Hubeinrichtungen eingesetzt werden. Zweckmäßigerweise werden 4 bis 64, bevorzugt 6 bis 32 und besonders bevorzugt 8 bis 16 Hubeinrichtungen bzw. hydraulische Hubzylinder eingesetzt. Vorzugweise sind alle diese Hubeinrichtungen bzw. Hubzylinder verschiebbar bzw. verfahrbar und insbesondere in Bezug auf einen (Punkt bzw. Mittelpunkt des Gründungsfundamentes radial verschiebbar bzw. verfahrbar.A very preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that hydraulic lifting cylinders are used as lifting devices. Expediently, 4 to 64, preferably 6 to 32 and particularly preferably 8 to 16 lifting devices or hydraulic lifting cylinders are used. Preferably, all these lifting devices or lifting cylinders are displaceable or movable and in particular with respect to a (point or center of the foundation foundation radially displaceable or movable.
Eine empfohlene Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Turm für eine Windkraftlage erstellt wird, wobei zunächst eine Gondel für diese Windkraftanlage mit Hilfe zumindest eines Teils der Hubeinrichtungen bzw. Hubzylinder angehoben wird und auf dem ersten Turmelement abgesetzt wird. Anschließend wird zweckmäßigerweise das erste Turmelement mitsamt der Gondel mit Hilfe zumindest eines Teils der Hubeinrichtungen bzw. Hubzylinder angehoben. Danach wird das zweite Turmelement unterhalb des ersten Turmelementes angeordnet uswf.A recommended embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that a tower for a wind power layer is created, wherein first a nacelle for this wind turbine is lifted by means of at least a portion of the lifting devices or lifting cylinder and deposited on the first tower element. Subsequently, the first tower element together with the nacelle is expediently raised with the aid of at least part of the lifting devices or lifting cylinders. Thereafter, the second tower element is arranged below the first tower element, etc.
Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Gondel als Bestandteil einer Windkraftanlage bereits Komponenten wie Teile des Rotors - z. B. Rotornabe - und/oder Teile des Generators enthält. Es liegt weiterhin im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Gondel mit Hilfe einer Trageinrichtung, auf die die Hubeinrichtungen bzw. Hubzylinder einwirken, angehoben wird. Wenn die Gondel auf dem ersten Turmelement abgesetzt wird ist zwischen Gondel und erstem Turmelement zweckmäßigerweise ein Adapterelement vorhanden, das bevorzugt aus Stahl besteht oder es handelt sich bei dem Adapterelement um ein Betonelement mit einer Stahlplatte bzw. mit einer Stahlkopfplatte. Mit Hilfe des Adapterelementes wird zweckmäßigerweise eine formschlüssige und/oder kraftschlüssige Verbindung zwischen der Gondel bzw. dem Rotor und dem ersten Turmelement realisiert.It is within the scope of the invention that the nacelle as part of a wind turbine already components such as parts of the rotor - z. B. rotor hub - and / or parts of the generator contains. It is also within the scope of the invention that the nacelle by means of a support device on which the lifting devices or lifting cylinder act, is raised. When the nacelle is deposited on the first tower element between the nacelle and the first tower element expediently an adapter element is present, the preferably consists of steel or it is in the adapter element to a concrete element with a steel plate or with a steel head plate. With the aid of the adapter element a positive and / or non-positive connection between the nacelle or the rotor and the first tower element is expediently realized.
Gemäß besonders bevorzugter Ausführungsform der Erfindung handelt es sich bei den Turmelementen um innen hohle Turmelemente. Empfohlenermaßen sind die Turmelemente als ringförmige bzw. zylinderförmige Turmelemente ausgebildet. Vorzugsweise werden diese ringförmigen bzw. zylinderförmigen Turmelemente aus zumindest zwei teilringförmigen bzw. teilzylinderförmigen Turmsegmenten zusammengesetzt. Die Erstellung des Turms erfolgt also gleichsam in einer aus dem Tunnelbau bekannten Tübbingbauweise. Es liegt auch im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Turmelemente konisch ausgebildet sind und sich bevorzugt im eingebauten Zustand von unten nach oben hin verjüngen. Zweckmäßigerweise haben die Turmelemente einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Turmelemente aus zwei als Halbschalen ausgebildeten Turmsegmenten oder aus mehr teilringförmigen bzw. teilzylinderförmigen Turmsegmenten zusammengesetzt werden. Zweckmäßigerweise werden die Turmsegmente als Fertigteilsegmente vor Ort zu den Turmelementen kombiniert. Es empfiehlt sich, dass die Turmsegmente aus Beton bzw. im Wesentlichen aus Beton und insbesondere aus Stahlbeton bzw. im Wesentlichen aus Stahlbeton bestehen. Sie können grundsätzlich aber auch aus einem anderen Material bestehen, wie beispielsweise aus Stahl oder einer Materialkombination, wie z. B. aus Stahlverbund. Vorzugsweise werden die zu den Turmelementen kombinierten Turmsegmente radial verspannt. Das kann beispielsweise durch Verschraubung der Turmsegmente miteinander oder mit Hilfe von in Spannkanälen geführten Spannelementen realisiert werden.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the tower elements are hollow tower elements inside. Empfohlenermaßen the tower elements are designed as annular or cylindrical tower elements. Preferably, these annular or cylindrical tower elements are composed of at least two partially annular or partially cylindrical tower segments. The construction of the tower thus takes place, so to speak, in a tubbing construction known from tunnel construction. It is also within the scope of the invention that the tower elements are conical and preferably taper in the installed state from bottom to top. Conveniently, the tower elements have a circular cross-section. It is within the scope of the invention that the tower elements are composed of two tower segments formed as half-shells or of more part-ring-shaped or partially cylindrical tower segments. Conveniently, the tower segments are combined as prefabricated segments on site to the tower elements. It is recommended that the tower segments are made of concrete or substantially concrete and in particular reinforced concrete or substantially of reinforced concrete. In principle, however, they can also consist of a different material, such as steel or a combination of materials, such as. B. steel composite. Preferably, the tower segments combined with the tower elements are braced radially. This can be achieved for example by screwing the tower segments together or with the help of guided in clamping channels clamping elements.
Eine ganz besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hubeinrichtungen bzw. die Hubzylinder zum Anheben bzw. zur Manipulation der Turmelemente mit zumindest einem Tragelement jeweils in eine am Turmelement bzw. am Turmsegment vorhandene Führungseinrichtung eingreifen. Vorzugsweise weist jede Hubeinrichtung bzw. jeder Hubzylinder ein solches Tragelement auf, mit dem er in eine Führungseinrichtung eines Turmelementes bzw. Turmsegmentes eingreifen kann. Bei dem Tragelement handelt es sich bevorzugt um einen Zapfen oder Träger bzw. ein zapfenartiges oder trägerartiges Element, das zweckmäßigerweise quer zur Längsachse der Hubeinrichtung bzw. im Wesentlichen quer zur Längsachse der Hubeinrichtung angeordnet ist. Bei den Führungseinrichtungen handelt es sich zweckmäßigerweise um Ausnehmungen in den Turmsegmenten, die durchgehend sein können (Öffnung) oder außen verschlossen bleiben (Taschen). Diese Führungseinrichtungen sind nach einer Ausführungsform am oberen Ende und/oder am unteren Ende eines Turmsegmentes vorgesehen. Die Begriffe oberes Ende und unteres Ende beziehen sich dabei auf den montierten Zustand der Turmsegmente bzw. Turmelemente. Es empfiehlt sich, dass die Tragelemente der Hubeinrichtungen bzw. der Hubzylinder formschlüssig in die Führungseinrichtungen der Turmsegmente eingreifen.A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the lifting devices or the lifting cylinders for lifting or manipulating the tower elements engage with at least one support element in each case in a guide element present on the tower element or on the tower segment. Preferably, each lifting device or each lifting cylinder has such a support element, with which it can engage in a guide device of a tower element or tower segment. The support element is preferably a pin or carrier or a pin-like or carrier-like element, which is expediently arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis of the lifting device or substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis of the lifting device. The guide devices are expediently recesses in the tower segments, which can be continuous (opening) or remain closed on the outside (pockets). These guide means are provided according to an embodiment at the upper end and / or at the lower end of a tower segment. The terms upper end and lower end refer to the assembled state of the tower segments or tower elements. It is recommended that the support elements of the lifting devices or the lifting cylinder engage positively in the guide means of the tower segments.
Es wurde bereits weiter oben darauf hingewiesen, dass es im Rahmen der Erfindung liegt, dass die Turmelemente innen hohl ausgebildet sind. Gemäß besonders bevorzugter Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind die für die Aufnahme der Tragelemente der Hubeinrichtung vorgesehenen Führungseinrichtungen eines Turmelementes so angeordnet bzw. ausgebildet, dass die Tragelemente der Hubeinrichtungen von der Innenseite des innen hohlen bzw. zylinderförmigen Turmelements eingeführt werden können. Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Führungseinrichtungen über den Innenumfang der Turmelemente verteilt bzw. mit gleichen Abständen verteilt vorgesehen. Die innenseitige Anordnung bzw. Zugänglichkeit der Führungseinrichtungen bringt für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren besondere Vorteile mit sich. So können unter mit den Hubeinrichtungen bereits angehobenen Turmelementen weitere Turmsegmente problemlos radial zugeführt werden und zu einem weiteren Turmelement kombiniert werden. Aufgrund der innenseitigen Anordnung der Führungseinrichtungen und der entsprechenden Anordnung der Hubeinrichtungen stören die Hubeinrichtungen bei dieser Erstellung eines weiteren Turmelementes nicht.It has already been pointed out above that it is within the scope of the invention for the tower elements to be hollow on the inside. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the provided for receiving the support elements of the lifting device guide means of a tower element are arranged or formed so that the support elements of the lifting devices can be inserted from the inside of the inside hollow or cylindrical tower element. Expediently, the guide devices are distributed over the inner circumference of the tower elements or distributed at equal intervals. The internal arrangement or accessibility of the guide means brings with it special advantages for the method according to the invention. Thus, further tower segments can be fed radially without problems radially under the lifting devices already raised tower elements and combined to form a further tower element. Due to the internal arrangement of the guide means and the corresponding arrangement of the lifting devices, the lifting devices do not interfere with this creation of another tower element.
Eine besonders empfohlene Ausführungsform der Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass nach der Anordnung eines (zweiten) Turmelementes auf dem Gründungsfundament unterhalb eines (ersten) mit den Hubeinrichtungen bzw. Hubzylindern angehobenen Turmelementes zunächst lediglich ein erster Teil der an dem angehobenen (ersten) Turmelement fixierten Hubeinrichtungen von dem angehobenen (ersten) Turmelement gelöst wird und an dem unteren (zweiten) Turmelement fixiert wird und dass erst nach kraftschlüssiger Verbindung des angehobenen (ersten) Turmelementes mit dem unteren (zweiten) Turmelement ein zweiter Teil der an dem angehobenen (ersten) Turmelement fixierten Hubeinrichtungen von dem angehobenen (ersten) Turmelement gelöst wird und vorzugsweise an dem unteren (zweiten) Turmelement fixiert wird. Zweckmäßigerweise sind dann alle Hubeinrichtungen bzw. Hubzylinder an dem unteren (zweiten) Turmelement zum Anheben fixiert. Diese Verfahrensweise hat den Vorteil, dass der zweite Teil der Hubeinrichtungen bzw. Hubzylinder zunächst noch kraftschlüssig im oberen bzw. ersten Turmelement verbleibt, um evtl. auftretende Zuglasten aus Windbelastungen oder dergleichen aufnehmen zu können. Erst wenn der erste Teil der Hubeinrichtungen bzw. Hubzylinder kraftschlüssig und bevorzugt formschlüssig in das untere bzw. zweite Turmelement eingegriffen hat und wenn das obere bzw. erste Turmelement mit dem unteren bzw. zweiten Turmelement kraftschlüssig verbunden wurde, werden die noch im oberen bzw. ersten Turmelement angeschlossenen Hubeinrichtungen bzw. Hubzylinder gelöst und ebenfalls nach unten gefahren. Die Hubeinrichtungen bzw. Hubzylinder werden zweckmäßigerweise so ausgelegt, dass sie sowohl Druckkräfte als auch Zugkräfte wechselweise aufnehmen können. Es liegt im Übrigen im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Hubeinrichtungen bzw. Hubzylinder in dem Gründungsfundament verankert sind. Durch Windbelastungen oder ähnliches kann es zu Zugbelastungen der Hubeinrichtungen bzw. der Hubzylinder kommen, die die Druckbelastung aus dem Eigengewicht der angehobenen Turmelemente übersteigen. Diese müssen aufgenommen und in das Fundament abgeleitet werden, indem die Hubeinrichtungen bzw. Hubzylinder in der Lage sind, wechselseitig Zug- und Druckbelastungen aufzunehmen.A particularly recommended embodiment of the invention is characterized in that after the arrangement of a (second) tower element on the foundation foundation below a (first) with the lifting devices or lifting cylinders raised tower element initially only a first part of the raised (first) tower element fixed Lifting devices is released from the raised (first) tower element and is fixed to the lower (second) tower element and that only after force-locking connection of the raised (first) tower element with the lower (second) tower element, a second part of the raised (first) tower element fixed lifting devices is released from the raised (first) tower element and is preferably fixed to the lower (second) tower element. Appropriately, then all lifting devices or lifting cylinders are fixed to the lower (second) tower element for lifting. This procedure has the advantage that the second part of the lifting devices or lifting cylinder initially still remains non-positively in the upper or first tower element in order to accommodate any occurring tensile loads from wind loads or the like. Only when the first part of the lifting devices or lifting cylinder frictionally and preferably positively intervened in the lower or second tower element and when the upper or first tower element was positively connected to the lower or second tower element, the still connected in the upper or first tower element lifting devices or lifting cylinders are released and also driven down. The lifting devices or lifting cylinders are expediently designed so that they can absorb both compressive forces and tensile forces alternately. It is, moreover, within the scope of the invention that the lifting devices or lifting cylinders are anchored in the foundation foundation. Wind loads or the like can lead to tensile loads on the lifting devices or the lifting cylinders, which exceed the pressure load from the weight of the lifted tower elements. These must be picked up and discharged into the foundation by the lifting devices or lifting cylinders are able to receive alternating tensile and compressive loads.
In der Anfangsphase der Erstellung des Turmes ist das anzuhebende Gewicht der Turmelemente noch relativ gering im Vergleich zum gesamten Turmgewicht. Deshalb kann in der Anfangsphase auch nur ein Teil der Hubeinrichtungen bzw. Hubzylinder zum Anheben eingesetzt werden.In the initial phase of the construction of the tower, the weight of the tower elements to be lifted is still relatively small compared to the total tower weight. Therefore, in the initial phase, only a part of the lifting devices or lifting cylinders can be used for lifting.
Zweckmäßigerweise werden die übereinander angeordneten Turmelemente in Längsrichtung des Turmes miteinander verspannt. Weiterhin liegt es im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Turmsegmente eines Turmelementes radial miteinander verspannt werden. Eine empfohlene Ausführungsform ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die für die Tragelemente der Hubeinrichtungen bzw. Hubzylinder vorgesehenen Führungseinrichtungen auch für eine radiale Verspannung der Turmsegmente eines Turmelementes und/oder auch für die Verspannung der übereinander angeordneten Turmelemente in Längsrichtung des Turmes eingesetzt werden. Insoweit erfüllen die an den Turmelementen angeordneten Führungseinrichtungen in vorteilhafterweise eine zusätzliche Funktion. Die Verspannungen erfolgen bevorzugt mit Hilfe von Spannelementen, insbesondere mit Spannelementen aus Stahl, die empfohlenermaßen an bzw. in den Führungseinrichtungen fixiert werden bzw. in die Führungseinrichtungen eingreifen.Conveniently, the stacked tower elements are clamped together in the longitudinal direction of the tower. Furthermore, it is within the scope of the invention that the tower segments of a tower element are radially clamped together. A recommended embodiment is characterized in that the measures provided for the support elements of the lifting devices or lifting cylinder guide means for radial clamping of the tower segments of a tower element and / or for the tension of the stacked tower elements in the longitudinal direction of the tower. In that regard, arranged on the tower elements guide means advantageously fulfill an additional function. The tensions preferably take place with the aid of tensioning elements, in particular with tensioning elements made of steel, which are recommended to be fixed on or in the guide devices or engage in the guide devices.
Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Hubeinrichtungen bzw. die Hubzylinder weggesteuert werden. Auf diese Weise wird ein exaktes vertikales Anheben der Turmelemente gewährleistet und plötzlich auftretende Laständerungen infolge von Windböen o.ä. können kompensiert werden.It is within the scope of the invention that the lifting devices or the lifting cylinders are controlled away. In this way, an exact vertical lifting of the tower elements is guaranteed and suddenly occurring load changes as a result of gusts of wind or the like. can be compensated.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung weisen die Turmsegmente einen äußeren Rahmen und eine von dem Rahmen umgebene innere Ausnehmung auf. Zweckmäßigerweise besteht ein solcher Rahmen aus vier miteinander verbundenen Streben. Die Turmsegmente bzw. der Rahmen besteht vorteilhafterweise aus Beton bzw. Stahlbeton. Es hat sich bewährt, dass die in dem Rahmen angeordnete Ausnehmung mindestens 50% der Fläche eines Turmsegmentes einnimmt. Durch die bei dieser Ausführungsform realisierten Ausnehmungen wird eine statische Optimierung bzw. eine Gewichtsoptimierung für den erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Turm ermöglicht. Nach einer Ausführungsvariante weist der Turm mit den vorstehend beschriebenen Ausnehmungen eine die Ausnehmungen abdeckende Außenverkleidung auf, die insbesondere aus Stahl oder Kunststoff bestehen kann.According to one embodiment of the invention, the tower segments have an outer frame and an inner recess surrounded by the frame. Conveniently, such a frame consists of four interconnected struts. The tower segments or the frame is advantageously made of concrete or reinforced concrete. It has been proven that the recess arranged in the frame occupies at least 50% of the area of a tower segment. The recesses realized in this embodiment enable a static optimization or a weight optimization for the tower produced according to the invention. According to one embodiment, the tower with the recesses described above on a the outer recesses covering the recesses, which may consist in particular of steel or plastic.
Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eine besonders einfache und wenig aufwendige Erstellung eines Turms, insbesondere eines Turms einer Windkraftanlage möglich ist. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kommt grundsätzlich ohne die Hilfe von Kränen und/oder Abspanneinrichtungen aus, die bei aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren einen erheblichen Aufwand bzw. Kostenaufwand bedingen. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kann mit verhältnismäßig geringem Kraftaufwand gearbeitet werden und insoweit ist auch der Energieaufwand in vorteilhafterweise verhältnismäßig gering. Belastungen, insbesondere Windbelastungen oder dergleichen während der Bauphase können effektiv und funktionssicher abgefangen bzw. kompensiert werden. Außerdem wird der Platzbedarf, der bei den bekannten Verfahren maßgeblich durch die Anordnung großer Kräne bestimmt wird, signifikant reduziert. So wird der Einfluss auf die Umwelt, besonders beim Aufstellen von Windkraftanlagen in Naturschutzgebieten, Wäldern o.ä. minimiert.The invention is based on the finding that with the method according to the invention a particularly simple and inexpensive construction of a tower, in particular a tower of a wind turbine is possible. The inventive method is basically without the help of cranes and / or guying, which require a considerable effort or cost in known from the prior art method. In the method according to the invention can be carried out with relatively little effort and in so far as the energy consumption is advantageously relatively low. Loads, especially wind loads or the like during the construction phase can be effectively and reliably intercepted or compensated. In addition, the space required, which is largely determined by the arrangement of large cranes in the known methods, significantly reduced. Thus, the influence on the environment, especially when setting up wind turbines in nature reserves, forests or similar. minimized.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand einer lediglich ein Ausführungsbeispiel darstellenden Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen in schematischer Darstellung:
- Fig. 1
- einen ersten Verfahrensschritt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens in einer Draufsicht,
- Fig. 2
- einen Schnitt A-A durch den Gegenstand nach
Fig. 1 , - Fig. 3
- einen zweiten Verfahrensschritt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens in einer Draufsicht,
- Fig. 4
- einen Schnitt B-B durch den Gegenstand nach
Fig. 3 , - Fig. 5
- einen dritten Verfahrensschritt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens in einer Draufsicht,
- Fig. 6
- einen Schnitt C-C durch den Gegenstand gemäß
Fig. 5 , - Fig. 7
- ein Turmelement für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren,
- Fig. 8
- ausschnittsweise einen vierten Verfahrensschritt,
- Fig. 9
- einen fünften Verfahrensschritt im Schnitt,
- Fig. 10
- einen sechsten Verfahrensschritt in einer Draufsicht,
- Fig. 11
- einen Schnitt durch den Gegenstand gem.
Fig. 10 , - Fig. 12
- einen siebten Verfahrensschritt in einer Draufsicht,
- Fig. 13
- einen Schnitt durch den Gegenstand der
Fig. 12 , - Fig. 14
- einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus der
Fig. 13 und - Fig. 15a-15k
- die erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensschritte dargestellt mit einer Abwicklung der Turmelemente.
- Fig. 1
- a first method step of the method according to the invention in a plan view,
- Fig. 2
- a section AA through the object after
Fig. 1 . - Fig. 3
- a second method step of the method according to the invention in a plan view,
- Fig. 4
- a section BB through the object after
Fig. 3 . - Fig. 5
- a third method step of the method according to the invention in a plan view,
- Fig. 6
- a section CC through the object according to
Fig. 5 . - Fig. 7
- a tower element for the method according to the invention,
- Fig. 8
- partially a fourth process step,
- Fig. 9
- a fifth process step in section,
- Fig. 10
- a sixth method step in a plan view,
- Fig. 11
- a section through the object gem.
Fig. 10 . - Fig. 12
- a seventh method step in a plan view,
- Fig. 13
- a section through the object of
Fig. 12 . - Fig. 14
- an enlarged section of the
Fig. 13 and - Fig. 15a-15k
- the method steps according to the invention shown with a settlement of the tower elements.
Die Figuren zeigen schematisch Verfahrensschritte des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Erstellen eines Turms für eine Windkraftanlage. Der Turm wird dabei aus einer Mehrzahl von übereinander angeordneten Turmelementen 1 zusammengesetzt. Insbesondere aus den
Einer vergleichenden Betrachtung der
Im Anschluss daran wird zweckmäßigerweise unterhalb der Gondel 6 bzw. unterhalb der Trageinrichtung 7 ein erstes Turmelement 1 zusammengesetzt. Vorzugsweise und im Ausführungsbeispiel wird zwischen der Gondel 6 und dem ersten Turmelement 1 ein Adapterelement 8 aus Stahl angeordnet. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Turmelemente 1 als ringförmige bzw. zylinderförmige Turmelemente 1 ausgebildet sind und aus teilzylinderförmigen Turmsegmenten 9 kombiniert bzw. zusammengesetzt werden. Vorzugsweise bestehen die Turmsegmente 9 bzw. die Turmelemente 1 aus Beton bzw. Stahlbeton. Zweckmäßigerweise werden die Turmsegmente 9 als Fertigteile angeliefert und vor Ort bzw. an der Baustelle zu den Turmelementen 1 kombiniert (
Anschließend greifen die Hubzylinder 5 empfohlenermaßen in einer heruntergefahrenen Position (
In einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt (
Die
Claims (15)
- A method for building a tower, in particular a tower for a wind turbine, wherein the tower is composed of a multiplicity of tower elements (1) arranged one above another,
wherein a flat foundation base is firstly created, wherein a multiplicity of lifting devices can be displaced or traversed on the foundation base, wherein at least a subset of the lifting devices is fixed onto a first tower element (1), and wherein the said first tower element (1) is then raised with the aid of the said lifting devices,
wherein a second tower element (1') is then arranged underneath the first tower element (1), wherein at least a subset of the lifting devices is fixed onto the second tower element (1'), and wherein the assembly comprising the first tower element and the second tower element is then raised with the aid of the lifting devices, and wherein thereupon a third tower element (1") is preferably arranged underneath the assembly comprising the first tower element (1) and the second tower element (1'), and so on. - The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein a multiplicity of guide rails (3) is fixed into and/or onto the foundation base, and wherein at least a subset of the lifting devices can be displaced or traversed on the guide rails (3).
- The method in accordance with one of the claims 1 or 2, wherein hydraulic lifting rams (5) are deployed as lifting devices.
- The method in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 3, wherein the lifting devices, or more particularly the lifting rams (5), together with their anchorages, are able to accommodate tensile forces.
- The method in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 4, wherein a tower is built for a wind turbine, wherein a nacelle (6) is firstly raised by means of at least a subset of the lifting devices and set down on the first tower element (1'), and wherein the first tower element (1'), together with the nacelle (6), is then raised by means of at least a subset of the lifting devices.
- The method in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 5, wherein the tower elements (1) are designed as annular and/or cylindrical tower elements (1), and are composed of at least two part-annular, and/or partcylindrical, tower segments (9).
- The method in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 6, wherein for the raising and manipulation of the tower elements (1) the lifting devices, or more particularly, the lifting rams (5), engage in a guide device (11) of a tower element (1) or a tower segment (9), using at least one supporting element (10).
- The method in accordance with claim 7, wherein the guide devices (11) of a tower element (1) are arranged on the inner faces of the internally hollow and cylindrically shaped tower elements (1), that is to say, the supporting elements (10) are introduced from there.
- The method in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 8, wherein after the arrangement of a tower element (1') underneath a tower element (1) raised with the lifting devices, in the first instance just a first subset of the lifting devices fixed onto the raised tower element (1) is released and fixed onto the lower tower element (1'), and wherein only subsequently is a second subset of the lifting devices fixed onto the raised tower element (1) released from the raised tower element (1), and then preferably fixed onto the lower tower element (1').
- The method in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 9, wherein the tower elements (1) arranged one above another are clamped together in the longitudinal direction of the tower.
- The method in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 10, wherein the tower segments (9) of a tower element (1) are clamped radially.
- The method in accordance with one of the claims 7 to 11, wherein the guide devices (11) provided for the lifting devices are deployed for radial clamping of the tower segments (9) of a tower element (1) and/or for the clamping of the tower elements (1) arranged one above another in the longitudinal direction of the tower.
- The method in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 12, wherein the tower segments (9) have an outer frame and an inner recess surrounded by the frame.
- The method in accordance with claim 13, wherein the tower has external cladding, in particular of steel or plastic.
- The method in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 14, wherein the lifting devices, or more particularly the lifting rams (5), are straincontrolled.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12186525.7A EP2712985B1 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-09-28 | Method for creating a tower, in particular a tower for a wind energy assembly |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12186525.7A EP2712985B1 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-09-28 | Method for creating a tower, in particular a tower for a wind energy assembly |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2712985A1 EP2712985A1 (en) | 2014-04-02 |
EP2712985B1 true EP2712985B1 (en) | 2015-11-25 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP12186525.7A Not-in-force EP2712985B1 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-09-28 | Method for creating a tower, in particular a tower for a wind energy assembly |
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EP (1) | EP2712985B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015150594A1 (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2015-10-08 | Nabrawind Sl | Wind turbine assembly system and related method |
ES2717257T3 (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2019-06-20 | Soletanche Freyssinet | Assembly system and assembly procedure of a wind turbine tower |
US9556636B2 (en) | 2014-06-27 | 2017-01-31 | Tindall Corporation | Method and apparatus for erecting tower with hydraulic cylinders |
DE102022124557A1 (en) | 2022-09-23 | 2024-03-28 | Oehm Bauunternehmen GmbH & Co. KG | System for handling components of a tower structure, and method for erecting the tower structure |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10308239A1 (en) * | 2003-02-25 | 2004-09-09 | Tower Tec Gmbh & Co.Kg | Method and device for installing a wind turbine |
US20100281818A1 (en) * | 2009-05-07 | 2010-11-11 | Southworth George L | Method for building wind turbine tower |
-
2012
- 2012-09-28 EP EP12186525.7A patent/EP2712985B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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