EP2658702A1 - Method and material system for building models in layers - Google Patents
Method and material system for building models in layersInfo
- Publication number
- EP2658702A1 EP2658702A1 EP11822884.0A EP11822884A EP2658702A1 EP 2658702 A1 EP2658702 A1 EP 2658702A1 EP 11822884 A EP11822884 A EP 11822884A EP 2658702 A1 EP2658702 A1 EP 2658702A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- solid
- diamines
- material system
- dicarbonyl compounds
- dicarbonyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 125000004989 dicarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- -1 dicarbonyl compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- AOGQPLXWSUTHQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(C)=O AOGQPLXWSUTHQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OJVAMHKKJGICOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-hexanedione Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC(C)=O OJVAMHKKJGICOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ATHGHQPFGPMSJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N spermidine Chemical compound NCCCCNCCCN ATHGHQPFGPMSJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PFNFFQXMRSDOHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N spermine Chemical compound NCCCNCCCCNCCCN PFNFFQXMRSDOHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UENRXLSRMCSUSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 UENRXLSRMCSUSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005594 diketone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- AQBLLJNPHDIAPN-LNTINUHCSA-K iron(3+);(z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Fe+3].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O AQBLLJNPHDIAPN-LNTINUHCSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- KUCOHFSKRZZVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthalaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 KUCOHFSKRZZVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KKTUQAYCCLMNOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diaminobenzoic acid Chemical class NC1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1N KKTUQAYCCLMNOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IZALUMVGBVKPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3-dicarbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC(C=O)=C1 IZALUMVGBVKPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-FDGPNNRMSA-N copper;(z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Cu].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-FDGPNNRMSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JMLPVHXESHXUSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1,1-diamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(N)N JMLPVHXESHXUSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- FBQUUIXMSDZPEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane-1,1-diamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)N FBQUUIXMSDZPEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZWLUXSQADUDCSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=O ZWLUXSQADUDCSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940063673 spermidine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940063675 spermine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 8
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940105994 ethylhexyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HYZQBNDRDQEWAN-LNTINUHCSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;manganese(3+) Chemical compound [Mn+3].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O HYZQBNDRDQEWAN-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004908 Emulsion polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002262 Schiff base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004753 Schiff bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006097 Ultramide® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Cu].CC(O)=CC(C)=O.CC(O)=CC(C)=O ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002374 hemiaminals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000110 selective laser sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O.CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/165—Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C09D133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C09D133/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
- C09D133/12—Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2033/00—Use of polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2033/04—Polymers of esters
- B29K2033/12—Polymers of methacrylic acid esters, e.g. PMMA, i.e. polymethylmethacrylate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2077/00—Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2103/00—Use of resin-bonded materials as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/25—Solid
- B29K2105/251—Particles, powder or granules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the layered construction of models as well as material systems for use in such methods.
- stereolithography solidification of monomeric liquids with a high-energy beam
- selective laser sintering fusion of particulate material with a high-energy beam
- 3-D printing process All these methods allow the comparatively economical production of molds for prototype construction.
- the 3-D printing process also allows superior speed when using multiple controllable nozzle printing devices.
- the application is not limited to the prototype area. There are even series components economically producible bar.
- the solidification of the initially liquid for printing materials can be done for example via UV radiation.
- two or more component systems can be used, which are brought together and solidify on the construction platform. Since the entire volume of construction must be generated by inkjet printers, but this process is relatively slow and therefore suitable only for smaller components.
- a powdery material is selectively connected.
- the particulate material is brought up and smoothed onto a workpiece platform with a coater in thin layers, for example.
- a printhead solidifies selective areas on the powder layer based on the component data stored in computers. This process is repeated again and again until the component is completed and can be removed from the un solidified particulate material.
- the solidification of the particulate material takes place here by gluing the individual particles together.
- Polymerizing systems have proved to be particularly useful since once introduced material does not have to leave the molding again. Thus, in this regard, no loss and thus delay to be feared.
- polymerizing adhesives are known for high binding forces.
- a problem with the RPS is the start of the reaction.
- a component must be liquid for processing in the drop generator. This may only begin to solidify with the application to the powder. For this purpose, a component must be present in the powder, which triggers the start of the reaction.
- the powder is a mixture of different particles or the component is contained in the particle.
- an initiator component is in RPS dibenzoyl peroxide in question. This represents a source of danger as a powdered pure substance. It tends to explode in the case of mechanical impact. Therefore, mixing in the base powder is critical.
- a second possibility are so-called bead polymers in which peroxide is present in the individual particles.
- Such a powder is completely uncritical in handling.
- RPS also have the property that the binder tends to inhibit oxygen. In this case, the polymerization is disturbed by the oxygen present in the air. As a result, the adhesive forces are greatly reduced when air enters. This is a considerable problem, in particular in 3D printing, in which, due to the process, large effective surfaces occur. In order for the reaction to proceed at room temperature, catalysts are added. These often pose a significant health risk.
- the object of the invention is therefore in different aspects a method, a binder and a material system for the layers To provide design of models that does not have the disadvantages of known 3D printing process, in particular RPS, or at least reduces or completely overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art.
- the invention relates to a method of layering models, wherein in a construction area a first material and then selectively a second material are applied in layers, respectively, and these two application steps are repeated until a desired model is obtained; the two materials form a solid at a suitable mixing ratio; the first material comprises a particulate material; and the second material is applied via a printhead and wherein the first material, the second material and / or the particulate material comprises one or more diamines and one or more dicarbonyl compounds as a binder.
- the invention relates to a use of one or more diamines and one or more dicarbonyl compounds in a method of layering models.
- the invention relates to a use of one or more diamines and one or more dicarbonyl compounds in the layered construction of models, wherein in a construction area a Parti kelmaterial and then selectively via a printhead one or more diamines and / or one or several dicarbonyl compounds respectively layer by layer, and these two application steps are repeated until a desired model is obtained.
- the invention in another aspect, relates to a material system for layering models comprising a first material and a second material, wherein one of the materials comprises a particulate material and one of the materials comprises one or more diamines and / or one of the materials comprises one or more dicarbonyl compounds ,
- the invention relates to a material system for the layered construction of models, wherein in a construction area a first material and then selectively a second material is applied in layers and these two application steps are repeated until a desired model is obtained; the two materials form a solid at a suitable mixing ratio; the first material has a particle size; and applying the second material via a printhead, wherein the composition comprising the first and second materials and optionally particulate material comprises diamines and dicarbonyl compounds.
- the invention relates to a solid produced by means of a method according to the invention, according to an inventive use or mitteis a material system according to the invention.
- the disadvantages of the prior art are overcome or at least these disadvantages are reduced.
- the invention provides various advantages in the production of three-dimensional models or components. Among other things, it should be mentioned that the invention provides an advantageous two-component binder system which allows a peroxide-free selective. Two components, at least one diamine and at least one dicarbonyl compound, are reacted. Both components are available and usable in liquid as well as in solid form.
- composition according to the invention in which the composition according to the invention is used in this way, provides a liquid component and a pulverulent component (solid component), a certain diversity results in fundamentally different embodiments:
- Diamine and dicarbonyl compound are both in solid form in the powder component.
- the liquid component brings both in solution after printing and allows the reaction.
- a liquid diamine is added to a powder containing a dicarbonyl compound.
- a liquid dicarbonyl compound is added to a powder containing a diamine.
- a solid diamine is placed in a carrier solution and applied to a powder with a dicarbonyl compound.
- a solid dicarbonyl compound is placed in a carrier solution and applied to a powder with a diamine.
- Dicarbonyl compounds are mixed.
- the solid component is always a mixture of a base material and the reagent used depending on the system.
- PMMA in the form of a bead or emulsion polymer can be used as the base material. Since this component is not required for the reaction, but a variety of organic and inorganic materials can be used.
- layered construction of models are meant any processes in which thin layers are brought to one another in a cyclic manner, which are subsequently solidified in the desired manner according to predetermined data Radical Polymerizing System (RPS) is used to obtain solid models and components.
- RPS data Radical Polymerizing System
- the invention finds application in "three-dimensional printing processes", “3D printing processes” or “processes by means of layer application technology”.
- nozzles are used for a droplet-shaped material application, which are usually combined in print heads.
- Printheads used in such 3-D printing processes usually consist of several components.
- An essential component here are so-called pressure modules with a limited number of individually controllable nozzles.
- the nozzles operate on a drop-on-demand principle with usually piezoelectric actuators, which upon application of a corresponding current pulse to eject a Drop per driven nozzle lead.
- the drops are relatively small and have diameters of sometimes less than 50 pm.
- the pressure modules also have a fluid supply line, which as a rule leads to a fluid reservoir, which is preferably located above the nozzles.
- the print modules are located in a receptacle that allows precise alignment of several modules to each other.
- a construction platform which preferably has lateral boundaries and in which the required materials are introduced. All devices known for 3D printing can be used in the invention. Particularly preferred construction platforms are the VX500 or VX800 (Voxeljet Technology GmbH, Friedberg).
- binder is to be understood as meaning the combination of at least one diamine and at least one dicarbonyl compound in solid, liquid or dissolved form, wherein a polymer compound is formed in the powder, which bonds the powder particles to one another and thus solidifies
- binder consists of dissolved diamine or / and dissolved dicarbonyl compound, but in particular embodiments it may also be understood as meaning the solvent used to permit the polymerization reaction to achieve the formation of a solid.
- any 3-dimensional shape can be obtained based on, for example, given 3D computer data
- the resulting solids are either models or prototypes or ready-to-use components.
- a suitable mixing ratio is meant any mixing ratio of the materials and other substances used and components, such as solvents, suitable for allowing a solid in a process of layered construction In a particularly preferred embodiment, a slight excess of the amine component (s) is used.
- the solid remains after printing the last layer applied 5-24 h, preferably 8-12h, more preferably 10- 11h, at ambient conditions in a powder bed. Furthermore, in an additional step, the solid can be subjected to a heat treatment. Preferably, the solid is 3h - 7 h, more preferably 4h - 6h, stored at 40 ° C - 60 ° C, preferably at 50 ° C - 60 ° C.
- the first material contains organic and / or inorganic substances that are not involved in the reaction.
- non-participating organic and / or inorganic substances are meant, for example, substances or substance mixtures which are suitable for allowing a solid in the process according to the invention, the use and the material system.
- the first material may preferably be a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) exhibiting particle material or a powder based on PA (polyamide), for example Vestosint® (Degussa AG), Ultramid® (BASF SE) or Innov 'PA (Exceltec sarl) can be used.
- PA polyamide
- Vestosint® Degussa AG
- Ultramid® BASF SE
- Innov 'PA Example sarl
- the second material is a atomizable solution containing diamines or dicarbonyl compounds.
- the atomisable solution does not contain any of these two substances.
- the diamine and the carbonyl compound or more thereof are included or included in the first material in this embodiment.
- a “digestible solution” is to be understood as any solution or fluid which can be applied by means of nozzles in a targeted manner to a defined point in a defined dose
- Examples of “atomizable solutions” are the solvents used in the invention.
- the second material may, in a preferred embodiment, be diamines or dicarbonyl compounds in solid phase in solution
- soldubilizing in solid phase is meant that the at least one diamine or / and the at least one dicarbonyl compound is in the solid phase and the second material is chosen so that it can solubilize diamines and dicarbonyl compounds.
- the second material is a solvent, preferably a solvent mixture. It may preferably be a polar solvent.
- aliphatic and aromatic alcohols and esters are used, more preferably propanol, butanol, hexanol, benzyl alcohol, ethyl acetate and hexyl acetate.
- One of the two components may be present in excess after the addition of the compound processing via the printhead. Particularly preferably, both components are present in equimolar ratio. Both components consist either of pure substances or of mixtures of the corresponding substance classes. Particularly preferred is a solvent mixture comprising or consisting of 50 wt .-% Benzylaikohol, 25 wt .-% hexyl acetate and 25 wt .-% 2-propanol.
- the diamine and the dicarbonyl compound may be in any suitable form which render them useful in the invention, preferably in the second material.
- the second material contains one or more diamines or / and one or more dicarbonyl compounds in the liquid or solid phase.
- Suitable dicarbonyl compounds are all known components that are compatible with the other components and substances which can be used according to the invention.
- the dicarbonyl compounds are replaced or supplemented by metal salts of dicarbonyl compounds.
- metal salts of dicarbonyl compounds can be used, particularly preferably those of acetylacetone: zinc acetylacetonate, manganese acetylacetonate, preferably copper acetylacetonate, iron (II) acetylacetonate and iron (III) acetylacetonate.
- the condensate is removed from the reaction by hygroscopic substances.
- the printing process may be performed at elevated temperature, or followed by a furnace process, or both, to increase the discharge of the condensate.
- the substances and components used according to the invention can be present in any suitable form.
- the diamine or / and the dicarbonyl compound are in a carrier solution.
- Aliphatic and aromatic alcohols and esters may be used as the "carrier solution", particularly preferably propanol, butanol, hexanol, benzyl alcohol, ethyl acetate and hexyl acetate.
- the diamine is selected from the group consisting of primary diaminoalkanes, preferably diaminododecane, diaminohexadecane, and polyamines, preferably spermine, and aromatic diamines, preferably phenyienediamine, diaminobenzoic acids, more preferably 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, and liquid diamines, preferably ethylenediamine, propylenediamine and / or spermidine.
- primary diaminoalkanes preferably diaminododecane, diaminohexadecane
- polyamines preferably spermine
- aromatic diamines preferably phenyienediamine, diaminobenzoic acids, more preferably 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid
- liquid diamines preferably ethylenediamine, propylenediamine and / or spermidine.
- the diamine is preferably present in an amount of 5 to 15% by weight, preferably 8 to 12% by weight, more preferably 10% by weight, based on the total amount.
- Total means the sum of the masses of the base material (PMMA or PA) and the active component in the powder
- the dicarbonyl compound is preferably selected from the group comprising diketone compounds and their metal complexes, in particular the acetylacetone and 2,5-hexanedione, copper (II) acetylacetonate, iron (III) acetylacetonate in solid form, which are liquid under process conditions, and liquid dialdehydes, preferably glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, and the solids phthalaldehyde, isophthalaldehyde and terephthalaldehyde.
- diketone compounds and their metal complexes in particular the acetylacetone and 2,5-hexanedione, copper (II) acetylacetonate, iron (III) acetylacetonate in solid form, which are liquid under process conditions, and liquid dialdehydes, preferably glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, and the solids phthalaldehyde, isophthalalde
- the content of binder is preferably between 5 wt .-% - 40 wt .-%, preferably between 8 wt .-% - 15 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 9 wt .-% - 11 wt .-%.
- the invention relates to a solid produced by means of a method according to the invention, according to a use according to the invention or by means of a material system according to the invention.
- a solid according to the invention preferably has a strength of 6-8 MPa, more preferably 6-7 MPa, or / and an E-modulus of 700-950 MPa, more preferably 750-900 MPa.
- the reaction occurs between a diamine and a dicarbonyl compound in a condensation reaction to form a dissolved phase poly-Schiff base.
- a nucleophilic attack of the nitrogen on the carbonyl-C and the formation of a hemiaminal as an intermediate, which then reacts with elimination of water to imine.
- This reaction represents an equilibrium reaction, the adjustment of which can be accelerated by the addition of catalytic amounts of protons and which can be shifted to the side of the polymer by removal of the condensation product.
- PMMA is particularly preferably used as the base material.
- powder based on PA (Vestosint®).
- Aliphatic and / or aromatic diamines as a solid may be added to the base powder. Preference is given to using primary diaminoalkanes such as diaminododecane, diaminohexadecane or polyamines such as spermine, aromatic diamines such as phenylenediamine ,. Diaminobenzoic acids, more preferably 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid.
- liquid diamines ethylenediamine, propylenediamine spermidine are preferred.
- Preferred dicarbonyl compounds are diketone compounds and their metal complexes, in particular the acetylacetone and 2,5-hexanedione, copper (II) acetylacetonate, iron (III) acetylacetonate in solid form, preferably liquid diaidehydes, in particular glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, particularly preferably the solids phthalaldehyde , Isophthalaldehyde and terephthalaldehyde.
- the component processed via the printhead is called either
- the solvents used are preferably aliphatic and aromatic alcohols and esters, particularly preferably propanol, butanol, hexanol, benzyl alcohol,
- both components are in the equimolar ratio. Both components consist either of pure substances or of mixtures of the corresponding substance classes.
- the registered binder is between 5 wt .-% - 40%, preferably between 8% - 15%, particularly preferably between 9% - 11%.
- the components remain after printing the last layer applied 5-24 h at ambient conditions in the powder bed. They can then be safely removed from the powder bed without any deformation.
- the components are stored for 3 h to 7 h, preferably 4 h to 6 h at 40 ° C-60 ° C. Strengths have been measured on PMMA base material of 7 MPa and an E modulus of 900 MPa. The body thus obtained is porous.
- Both material components are present in the powder bed and are printed with a solvent or a solvent mixture.
- a solvent or a solvent mixture In 4.87 kg of a M546 type PMMA, 0.6 kg of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid and 0.53 kg of terephthalaldehyde were homogeneously mixed using a ball mill within 1.5 hours. The balls were screened and the powder processed in a 3D printing machine.
- the binder system used was a solvent mixture consisting of 50% by weight of benzyl alcohol, 25% by weight of hexyl acetate and 25% by weight of 2-propanol.
- the registered binder is between 5 wt .-% - 40 wt .-%, preferably between 8 wt .-% - 15 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 9 wt .-% - 11 wt .-%.
- the components remain after printing the last applied layer 5 - 24 h at ambient conditions in the powder bed. They can then be safely removed from the powder bed without any deformation.
- the components are stored for 3 h to 7 h, preferably 4 h to 5 h at 40 ° C-50 ° C. Stresses were measured on PMMA base material of 6.5 MPa and an E modulus of 750 MPa. The body thus obtained is porous.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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DE102010056346A DE102010056346A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2010-12-29 | Method for the layered construction of models |
PCT/DE2011/002087 WO2012097772A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2011-12-07 | Method and material system for building models in layers |
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EP2658702A1 true EP2658702A1 (en) | 2013-11-06 |
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EP11822884.0A Withdrawn EP2658702A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2011-12-07 | Method and material system for building models in layers |
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US (2) | US9321934B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2658702A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102010056346A1 (en) |
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CN107108833B (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2022-06-14 | Ppg工业俄亥俄公司 | Method for reactive three-dimensional printing by extrusion |
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US11920046B2 (en) | 2014-11-24 | 2024-03-05 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Coreactive materials and methods for three-dimensional printing |
US10864673B2 (en) | 2017-08-18 | 2020-12-15 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Additive manufacturing using polyurea materials |
Also Published As
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US9321934B2 (en) | 2016-04-26 |
WO2012097772A8 (en) | 2013-08-15 |
US20160257073A1 (en) | 2016-09-08 |
DE102010056346A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
US9770867B2 (en) | 2017-09-26 |
US20130302575A1 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
WO2012097772A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
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