EP2652095A1 - Utilisation de mélanges d'acides monocarboxyliques et de composés hydrocarbures polycycliques pour augmenter l'indice de cétane d'huiles combustibles - Google Patents

Utilisation de mélanges d'acides monocarboxyliques et de composés hydrocarbures polycycliques pour augmenter l'indice de cétane d'huiles combustibles

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Publication number
EP2652095A1
EP2652095A1 EP11794483.5A EP11794483A EP2652095A1 EP 2652095 A1 EP2652095 A1 EP 2652095A1 EP 11794483 A EP11794483 A EP 11794483A EP 2652095 A1 EP2652095 A1 EP 2652095A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixtures
weight
fuel oils
cetane number
acid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP11794483.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Harald BÖHNKE
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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Priority to EP11794483.5A priority Critical patent/EP2652095A1/fr
Publication of EP2652095A1 publication Critical patent/EP2652095A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/1802—Organic compounds containing oxygen natural products, e.g. waxes, extracts, fatty oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/12—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the cetane number
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
    • C10L1/1883—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom polycarboxylic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C10L1/1885—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof resin acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C10L1/1888—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof tall oil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
    • C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/232—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring
    • C10L1/233—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen and oxygen in the ring, e.g. oxazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2300/00—Mixture of two or more additives covered by the same group of C10L1/00 - C10L1/308
    • C10L2300/20—Mixture of two components

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of mixtures of aliphatic saturated or unsaturated long-chain monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof and polycyclic hydrocarbon compounds for increasing the cetane number of fuel oils containing at least one detergent-effect additive and at least one cetane number improver.
  • Fuel oils usually contain cetane number improvers, which are also referred to as ignition accelerators or combustion improvers.
  • cetane number improvers which are also referred to as ignition accelerators or combustion improvers.
  • organic nitrates are used which have long been known as cetane improvers in fuel oils or middle distillates such as diesel fuels and are also used there.
  • Higher cetane numbers result in faster engine starts, especially in cold weather, quieter engine noise, more complete combustion, less smoke, and possibly less injector coking.
  • Typical organic nitrates useful as cetane improvers in fuel oils, particularly in diesel fuels are nitrates of short and medium chain linear and branched alkanols, and nitrates of cycloalkanols such as n-hexyl nitrate, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, n-heptyl nitrate, n-octyl nitrate, iso-octyl nitrate, sec-octyl nitrate, n-nonyl nitrate, n-decyl nitrate, n-dodecyl nitrate, cyclopentyl nitrate, cyclohexyl nitrate, methylcyclohexyl nitrate and isopropylcyclohexyl nitrate.
  • cycloalkanols such as n-hexyl nitrate,
  • cetane number improvers of the prior art mentioned above are still capable of improvement in their effect. It was therefore an object of the present invention to increase the cetane number of fuel oils, in particular of diesel fuels and of mixtures of biofuel oils and middle distillates of fossil, vegetable or animal origin, by a suitable measure.
  • This mixture of components (A) and (B) usually increases the cetane number (determined according to the standard EN ISO 5165) in fuel oils in the presence of conventional amounts of cetane number improvers and detergents as a rule by at least 1, 0, in most cases even by at least 1, 5 units, compared to the fuel oil without cetane number improvers and without additives with detergent effect.
  • the corresponding increase in the cetane number is generally at least 0.5 units over the fuel oil with the same amount of cetane improver and the same amount of detergent-effect additives.
  • the mixture of components (A) and (B), together with the cetane number improver causes a synergistic increase in the cetane number.
  • the component (A) in said mixtures preferably comprises aliphatic saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids having 14 to 20 carbon atoms, in particular 16 to 18 carbon atoms. These monocarboxylic acids are usually linear.
  • monocarboxylic acids are usually linear.
  • naturally occurring fatty acids come into consideration, especially those having 14 to 20 carbon atoms, in particular 16 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • Typical representatives of such monocarboxylic acids or fatty acids are lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and elaidic acid.
  • Component (A) may consist only of such a monocarboxylic acid or fatty acid or preferably of a mixture of two or more of such monocarboxylic acids or fatty acids.
  • fatty acids such as are obtained, for example, from rapeseed oil, soybean oil or tall oil, they are usually mixtures of several such monocarboxylic acids.
  • Resin acids are carboxyl-containing polycyclic hydrocarbon compounds.
  • the most important representatives of these are abietic acid, dehydroabietic acid, dihydroabietic acid, tetrahydroabietic acid, neoabietic acid, palustric acid, pimaric acid, isopimaric acid and levopimaric acid.
  • Some of these resin acids may also be present in oxidized form as so-called oxyacids.
  • the components (A) and (B) in the mixtures according to the invention to be used in the ratio by weight of 65 to 99.9 to 0.1 to 35, in particular from 90 to 99.9 to 0.1 to 10, especially from 97 to 99.9 to 0.1 to 3 used.
  • Particularly suitable mixtures of components (A) and (B) are tall oil fatty acid and dimerized tall oil fatty acid.
  • Tall oil fatty acid is made from tall oil, which is obtained by digesting resinous wood species, especially spruce or pine wood.
  • Tall oil fatty acid is a mixture of fatty acids in which the Cie-unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, especially oleic acid, linoleic acid and conjugated Cie fatty acids and 5,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid, predominate, resin acids and optionally oxyacids (ie oxidized fatty and resin acids).
  • the resin acids form what is known as the tall resin, in which abietic acid, dehydroabietic acid and palustric acid predominate and smaller amounts of dihydroabietic acid, neoabietic acid, pimaric acid and isopimaric acid can be found in addition to other resin acids.
  • the fatty acid content is at least 97% by weight and the tall resin content is up to 3% by weight.
  • the fatty acid component (A) is in dimerized form. Dimerizations and trimerizations of monocarboxylic acids or fatty acids can be carried out by the methods customary for this purpose and are known in principle to the person skilled in the art.
  • the monocarboxylic acids or fatty acids and their dimerization or trimerization products of component (A) can be used as free carboxylic acids and / or as ammonium salts, for example as NH 4 salts or substituted ammonium salts such as mono-, di-, tri- or tetramethylammonium salts, and or in the form of amides, esters or nitriles.
  • amides esters or nitriles.
  • typical amide structures often have the groupings -CO-NH 2 , -CO-NH-alkyl or -CO-N (alkyl) 2 , where "alkyl" in particular for Cr to C4-Al kylreste such as methyl or ethyl.
  • Ester structures typically include C 1 to C 4 alkanol ester radicals such as methyl or ethyl ester radicals.
  • additives having a detergent action are compounds whose action in an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel engine, consists predominantly or at least substantially in eliminating and / or preventing deposits.
  • the detergents are preferably amphiphilic substances which have at least one hydrophobic hydrocarbon radical with a number-average molecular weight (M n ) of 85 to 20,000, in particular 300 to 5,000, especially 500 to 2,500, and at least one polar group.
  • the fuel oils contain at least one detergent-effect additive which is selected from
  • derivatives with aliphatic polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine or tetraethylenepentamine.
  • the groups having hydroxyl and / or amino and / or amido and / or imido groups are, for example, carboxylic acid groups, acid amides, acid amides of diamines or polyamines which, in addition to the amide function, still have free amine groups, succinic acid derivatives with a Acid and an amide function, Carboncicreimide with Mo noamines, Carboncicreimide with di- or polyamines, which still have free amine groups in addition to the imide function, and diimides, which are formed by the reaction of di- or polyamines with two succinic acid derivatives.
  • Such fuel additives are described in particular in US Pat. No. 4,849,572.
  • Acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds according to group (ii) above obtained by addition of a compound containing at least one anhydride-reactive oxygen or nitrogen-containing group and additionally at least one quaternizable amino group to a polycarboxylic acid anhydride compound and subsequent quaternization , in particular with an epoxide in the absence of free acid, are described in EP patent application Az. 10 168 622.8.
  • Suitable compounds having at least one anhydride-reactive oxygen or nitrogen-containing group and additionally at least one quaternizable amino group are in particular polyamines having at least one primary or secondary amino group and at least one tertiary amino group.
  • Particularly suitable polycarboxylic acid anhydrides are dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid having a longer-chain hydrocarbyl substituent, preferably having a number-average molecular weight M n for the hydrocarbyl substituent of from 200 to 10,000, especially from 350 to 5,000.
  • dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid having a longer-chain hydrocarbyl substituent, preferably having a number-average molecular weight M n for the hydrocarbyl substituent of from 200 to 10,000, especially from 350 to 5,000.
  • Such a quaternized nitrogen compound is, for example, the reaction product of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride obtained at 40 ° C., in which the polyisobutenyl radical typically has an M n of 1000, with 3- (dimethylamino) propylamine, which is a polyisobutenylsuccinic acid hemiamide and which is subsequently reacted with styrene oxide in the absence quaternized by free acid at 70 ° C.
  • polytetrahydrobenzoxazines and bistetrahydrobenzoxazines according to group (iii) above are described in EP patent application Az. 10 194 307.4.
  • Such polytetrahydrobenzoxazines and bistetrahydrobenzoxazines are obtainable by successively adding in a first reaction step a C 1 - to C 20 -alkylenediamine having two primary amino functions, for example 1, 2-ethylenediamine, using a C 1 - to C 12 -aldehyde, for example formaldehyde, and d- to Ce-alkanol at a temperature of 20 to 80 ° C with elimination and removal of water, wherein both the aldehyde and the alcohol in each case in more than twice the molar amount, in each case in the 4-fold molar amount, are used opposite the diamine, in a second reaction step, the condensation product thus obtained with a phenol having at least one long-chain substituent having 6 to 3000 carbon atoms,
  • the at least one detergent-effect additive for the present invention is a compound of group (i) which is a polyisobutenyl-substituted succinimide.
  • organic nitrates are usually used.
  • Such organic nitrates are in particular nitrate esters of unsubstituted or substituted th aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols, usually with up to about 10, especially with 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • the alkyl group in these nitrate esters can be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated.
  • nitrate esters are methyl nitrate, ethyl nitrate, n-propyl nitrate, isopropyl nitrate, allyl nitrate, n-butyl nitrate, isobutyl nitrate, sec-butyl nitrate, tert-butyl nitrate, n-amyl nitrate, isoamyl nitrate, 2-amyl nitrate, 3-amyl nitrate, tert-amyl nitrate, n-hexyl nitrate, n-heptyl nitrate, sec-heptyl nitrate, n-octyl nitrate, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, sec-octyl nitrate, n-nonyl nitrate, n-decyl nitrate, cyclopentyl nit
  • nitrate esters of alkoxy-substituted aliphatic alcohols such as 2-ethoxy-ethyl nitrate, 2- (2-ethoxy-ethoxy) ethyl nitrate, 1-methoxypropyl nitrate or 4-ethoxybutyl nitrate.
  • diol nitrates such as 1,6-hexamethylenedinitrate.
  • cetane number improver classes mentioned primary amyl nitrates, primary hexyl nitrates, octyl nitrates and mixtures thereof are preferred.
  • 2-ethylhexyl nitrate is included as the sole cetane improver or in admixture with other cetane number improvers in the fuel oils.
  • the said mixtures of the monocarboxylic acids or their dimerization or trimerization products (A) and the polycyclic hydrocarbon compounds (B) can in principle be used to increase the cetane numbers in any fuel oils containing cetane number improvers and detergent-effect additives.
  • they are suitable for use in middle distillate fuels, especially in diesel fuels.
  • middle distillate fuels especially in diesel fuels.
  • Diesel fuels or middle distillate fuels are usually petroleum raffinates, which generally have a boiling range of 100 to 400. These are mostly distillates with a 95% point up to 360 ° C or even beyond.
  • these may also be so-called “ultra low sulfur diesel” or "city diesel”, characterized by a 95% point of, for example, a maximum of 345 ° C and a maximum sulfur content of 0.005 wt .-% or by a 95% point of example 285 ° C and a maximum sulfur content of 0.001 wt .-%.
  • regenerative fuels biofuel oils
  • low sulfur diesel fuels that is having a sulfur content of less than 0.05% by weight, preferably less than 0.02% by weight, more preferably less than 0.005% by weight and especially less than 0.001% by weight of sulfur.
  • Diesel fuels may also contain water, for example in an amount of up to 20% by weight. th, for example in the form of diesel-water microemulsions or as so-called "white diesel".
  • the said mixtures of the monocarboxylic acids or their dimerization or trimerization products (A) and the polycyclic hydrocarbon compounds (B) are used together with cetane number improvers and detergent-effect additives in fuel oils, which contain from 0.1 to 100% by weight .-%, preferably to 0.1 to less than 100 wt .-%, in particular special to 10 to 95 wt .-%, especially to 30 to 90 wt .-%, of at least one biofuel based on fatty acid esters, and
  • Said mixtures of components (A) and (B), together with cetane number improvers and detergent-effect additives, can of course also be used in fuel oils which comprise up to 100% by weight of at least one biofuel oil (a) based on fatty acid esters, consist.
  • the fuel oil component (a) is usually referred to as "biodiesel". These are preferably substantially alkyl esters of fatty acids derived from vegetable and / or animal oils and / or fats.
  • Alkyl esters are usually lower alkyl esters, in particular C 1 to C 4 alkyl esters, understood by transesterification of occurring in vegetable and / or animal oils and / or fats glycerides, especially triglycerides, by means of lower alcohols, such as ethanol, n-propanol, iso -Propanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol or especially methanol ("FAME”) are available.
  • lower alcohols such as ethanol, n-propanol, iso -Propanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol or especially methanol (“FAME”)
  • Examples of vegetable oils which are converted into corresponding alkyl esters and can thus serve as the basis for biodiesel are castor oil, olive oil, peanut oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, mustard oil, cottonseed oil, and in particular sunflower oil, palm oil, soybean oil and rapeseed oil.
  • Other examples include oils that can be extracted from wheat, jute, sesame and the shea nut; furthermore, arachis oil, jatropha oil and linseed oil are also usable. The recovery of these oils and their conversion to the alkyl esters are known in the art or may be derived therefrom.
  • animal fats and oils that are converted to corresponding alkyl esters and thus can serve as the basis for biodiesel include fish oil, beef tallow, swine tallow, and similar fats and oils derived from the slaughtering or recycling of farmed or wild animals.
  • saturated or unsaturated fatty acids which usually have 12 to 22 carbon atoms and may carry additional functional group such as hydroxyl groups, occur in the alkyl esters in particular lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, Linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elaidic acid, erucic acid and / or ricinoleic acid.
  • Typical lower alkyl esters based on vegetable and / or animal oils and / or fats which are used as biodiesel or biodiesel components are, for example, sunflower methyl ester, palm oil methyl ester ("PME”), soybean oil methyl ester ("SME”) and especially rapeseed oil methyl ester (“RME”).
  • PME palm oil methyl ester
  • SME soybean oil methyl ester
  • RME rapeseed oil methyl ester
  • the fuel oil component (b) should be understood to mean the abovementioned middle distillate fuels, especially diesel fuels, in particular those which boil in the range from 120 to 450.degree.
  • the said mixtures of the monocarboxylic acids or their dimerization or trimerization products (A) and the polycyclic hydrocarbon compounds (B) are used together with cetane number improvers and detergent-effect additives in fuel oils which have at least one of the following properties :
  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ( ⁇ ) are understood to mean polyaromatic hydrocarbons according to EN 12916 standard. Their determination is made in accordance with this standard.
  • the fuel oils contain the said mixtures of the monocarboxylic acids or their dimerization or trimerization products (A) and the polycyclic hydrocarbon compounds (B) in the context of the present invention, generally in an amount of 1 to 1000 ppm by weight, preferably from 5 to 500 Ppm by weight, in particular from 10 to 300 ppm by weight, especially from 25 to 150 ppm by weight, eg from 40 to 100 ppm by weight.
  • the cetane number improver or a mixture of cetane number improvers is usually present in the fuel oils in an amount of from 10 to 10,000 ppm by weight, especially from 20 to 5000 ppm by weight, more preferably from 50 to 2500 ppm by weight, and more preferably from 100 to 1000 Ppm by weight, eg from 150 to 500 ppm by weight, before.
  • the detergent-effect additive or a mixture of a plurality of such detergent-effecting additives is usually contained in the fuel oils in an amount of 10 to 2,000 ppm by weight, especially 20 to 1,000 ppm by weight, more preferably 50 to 500% by weight . ppm and in particular from 30 to 250 ppm by weight, eg from 50 to 150 ppm by weight, before.
  • the above-mentioned fuel oils such as diesel fuels or middle distillate fuels or like the said mixtures of biofuel oils and middle distillates of fossil, vegetable or animal origin can in addition to the mixtures of the monocarboxylic acids or their dimerization or trimerization products (A) and the polycyclic hydrocarbon compounds (B) , the detergent-effect additives and the cetane number improvers as coadditives contain further customary additive components, in particular cold flow improvers, corrosion inhibitors, demulsifiers, hazards, antifoams, antioxidants and stabilizers, metal deactivators, antistatic agents, lubricity improvers, dyes (markers) and / or diluents and solvents ,
  • suitable cold flow improvers which are suitable as further coadditives are copolymers of ethylene with at least one further unsaturated monomer, especially ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.
  • Corrosion inhibitors which are suitable as further coadditives are, for example, succinic esters, especially with polyols, fatty acid derivatives, for example oleic acid esters, oligomerized fatty acids and substituted ethanolamines.
  • Demulsifiers suitable as further coadditives are, for example, the alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of alkyl-substituted phenol and naphthalene sulfonates and the alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of fatty acid, furthermore alcohol alkoxylates, for example alcohol ethoxylates, phenol alkoxylates, for example tert-butylphenol ethoxylates or tert-pentyl phenol ethoxylates, Fatty acid, alkylphenols, condensation products of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, for example ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers, polyethyleneimines and polysiloxanes.
  • the alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of alkyl-substituted phenol and naphthalene sulfonates and the alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of fatty acid, furthermore alcohol alkoxylates, for example alcohol e
  • Dehazers suitable as further coadditives are, for example, alkoxylated phenol-formaldehyde condensates.
  • Antifoams which are suitable as further coadditives are, for example, polyether-modified polysiloxanes.
  • suitable antioxidants are, for example, substituted phenols, e.g. 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol, as well as phenylenediamines, e.g. N, N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine.
  • Metal deactivators useful as further co-additives include, for example, salicylic acid derivatives, e.g. N, N'-disalicylidene-1,2-propanediamine.
  • a lubricity improver suitable as a further co-additive is, for example, glycerol monooleate.
  • Suitable solvents are, in particular for diesel performance packages, for example non-polar organic solvents, in particular aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, e.g. Toluene, xylenes, "white spirit" and the technical solvent mixtures of the names Shellsol® (manufacturer: Royal Dutch / Shell Group), Exxol® (manufacturer: ExxonMobil) and Solvent Naphtha.
  • polar organic solvents especially alcohols such as 2-ethylhexanol, decanol and isotridecanol, into consideration.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne l'utilisation de mélanges (A) d'acides monocarboxyliques aliphatiques saturés ou insaturés comprenant de 12 à 24 atomes de carbone et leurs produits de dimérisation ou trimérisation qui peuvent être présents comme acides carboxyliques libres et/ou sous la forme de sels d'ammonium, d'amides, d'esters et/ou de nitriles et (B) de composés hydrocarbures polycycliques qui peuvent être obtenus à partir de résidus de distillation d'huiles naturelles qui ont été extraites de résines d'arbre pour augmenter l'indice de cétane d'huiles combustibles qui contiennent au moins un additif à effet détersif et au moins un améliorateur d'indice de cétane, les mélanges composés des composants (A) et (B) étant utilisés dans une concentration de 10 à 500 ppm en poids par rapport à la quantité totale de l'huile combustible.
EP11794483.5A 2010-12-14 2011-12-12 Utilisation de mélanges d'acides monocarboxyliques et de composés hydrocarbures polycycliques pour augmenter l'indice de cétane d'huiles combustibles Withdrawn EP2652095A1 (fr)

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EP11794483.5A EP2652095A1 (fr) 2010-12-14 2011-12-12 Utilisation de mélanges d'acides monocarboxyliques et de composés hydrocarbures polycycliques pour augmenter l'indice de cétane d'huiles combustibles

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EP10194850 2010-12-14
PCT/EP2011/072449 WO2012080168A1 (fr) 2010-12-14 2011-12-12 Utilisation de mélanges d'acides monocarboxyliques et de composés hydrocarbures polycycliques pour augmenter l'indice de cétane d'huiles combustibles
EP11794483.5A EP2652095A1 (fr) 2010-12-14 2011-12-12 Utilisation de mélanges d'acides monocarboxyliques et de composés hydrocarbures polycycliques pour augmenter l'indice de cétane d'huiles combustibles

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JP (1) JP2014500367A (fr)
KR (1) KR20130126669A (fr)
CN (1) CN103261382A (fr)
AU (1) AU2011344323A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112013013931A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2819057A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2013006290A (fr)
WO (1) WO2012080168A1 (fr)

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WO2020095189A1 (fr) 2018-11-07 2020-05-14 Chevron Usa Inc. Amino-alcanediols et sels de carboxylate en tant qu'additifs pour améliorer le rendement du carburant
RU2738610C1 (ru) * 2020-04-27 2020-12-14 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский горный университет» Состав экологически чистого дизельного топлива

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US4849572A (en) 1987-12-22 1989-07-18 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Process for preparing polybutenes having enhanced reactivity using boron trifluoride catalysts (PT-647)
CA2149685C (fr) * 1994-06-30 1999-09-14 Jacques Monnier Conversion en additif pour carburant diesel de tallol dont on a extrait le brai
JP2003531245A (ja) * 2000-04-14 2003-10-21 オリックス エナージー インターナショナル， インコーポレイティッド 有機セタン向上剤
US7648539B2 (en) * 2005-11-25 2010-01-19 Tellus Renewables Llc Diesel Fuel composition
KR20080089450A (ko) 2006-01-18 2008-10-06 바스프 에스이 연료 첨가제 농축액의 저장 안정성을 개선시키기 위한모노카르복실산과 다환식 탄화수소 화합물의 혼합물의 용도
ES2353446T3 (es) 2007-01-29 2011-03-02 Basf Se Decilnitratos ramificados y su empleo como rectificadores de combustión y/o rectificadores del índice de cetano en combustibles.

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MX2013006290A (es) 2013-07-02
WO2012080168A1 (fr) 2012-06-21
KR20130126669A (ko) 2013-11-20
AU2011344323A1 (en) 2013-06-20
BR112013013931A2 (pt) 2016-09-13
CN103261382A (zh) 2013-08-21
CA2819057A1 (fr) 2012-06-21
JP2014500367A (ja) 2014-01-09

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