Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
  • H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional [2D] radiating surfaces
  • H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional [2D] radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/721—Two or more polyisocyanates not provided for in one single group C08G18/73 - C08G18/80
  • C08G18/722—Combination of two or more aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
  • H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional [2D] radiating surfaces
  • H05B33/20—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional [2D] radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the material in which the electroluminescent material is embedded
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
  • C08G18/78—Nitrogen
  • C08G18/79—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/80—Masked polyisocyanates
  • C08G18/8061—Masked polyisocyanates masked with compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
  • H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional [2D] radiating surfaces
  • H05B33/22—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional [2D] radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of auxiliary dielectric or reflective layers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
  • C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives

Definitions

• the present invention relates to formulations for the production of electroluminescent Folienieneie- elements (hereinafter referred to as EL elements) and a method for producing inventive film elements, for example by screen printing with formulations and pastes containing blocked isocyanates as a curing agent component of the binder.
• EL elements electroluminescent Folienieneie- elements
• inventive film elements for example by screen printing with formulations and pastes containing blocked isocyanates as a curing agent component of the binder.
• Two-dimensional EL elements are well known in the prior art, but three-dimensionally deformed EL elements have also been proposed.
• DE-A 44 30 907 relates to an arrangement for forming a three-dimensional electroluminescent display in which curved or profiled surfaces are luminous.
• DE-A 102 34 031 relates to an electroluminescent luminous surface which contains a carrier provided with information, which is manufactured from a freely deformable foil material or from a hard material which has a three-dimensionally deformed surface.
• the production of the electroluminescent luminous area is effected by first printing the carrier layer with information and subsequently providing it with a first electrically conductive layer, a pigment layer, an insulation and reflection layer, a back electrode and an optional protective layer. Polyurethanes as binders for the various layers are not mentioned.
• WO 03/037039 relates to a three-dimensional electro luminescence display, which comprises a main body and an electroluminescent device.
• the main body of the electroluminescent display is made of a suitable plastic, which can advantageously be processed in an injection molding process.
• the electroluminescent device is first produced. Subsequently, the electroluminescent device is reshaped. After the forming process (thermoforming), the electroluminescent device can be back-injected, for example. Again, no polyurethanes are described as binders for formulations for producing the layers of the electroluminescent device.
• polycarbonate films are preferably provided with an EL layer structure and then preferably deep-drawn in the high-pressure forming process (HPF), as described, for example, in WO 2009/043539.
• HPF high-pressure forming process
• WO 2008/068016 describes an EL element containing a semitransparent metal foil and its preparation and its applications.
• the EL element described is also produced using two-component polyurethanes.
• One component of the two-component polyurethanes is a di- or polyisocyanate, the other component is an isocyanate-reactive component, such as polyamines or preferably diols and polyols.
• the layers described by printing or coating of formulations Inks, pastes, printing inks or paints successively preferably applied with intermediate drying and / or crosslinking.
• a method for applying the layers are in principle all known in the art coating and Druckv experienced, for example, doctoring.
• the method is the screen printing method, hereinafter are formulations.
• Inks, pastes, inks or varnishes generally referred to as formulations.
• binders based on two-component polyurethanes have the flexibility necessary for the deformation.
• the described two-component polyurethane systems have the limitation that the pot size of the formulations is limited. This can be a disadvantage in the production process because the viscosity of the formulation increases with increasing processing time. Particularly in screen printing, adverse effects on the EL elements may result, such as a non-constant layer thickness within a lot from the first to the last arc. As a result, the sanctities of a lamp (s) in a batch also vary as the EL element glows darker as the thickness of the pigment and dielectric layers increases. In addition, the handling of the formulations is difficult because the formulation polymerizes continuously in the closed vessel after preparation and thus increases the viscosity.
• the pot life refers to the time from preparation of the formulation to / at the end of its processability.
• a paste can no longer be processed (end of processability achieved) if there is a loss of quality of the printing layer, such as streaking, increasing the thickness of the printing layer or clogging the screen meshes, during spraying, for example, clogging of the spray gun and an increase in the layer thickness the applied layers, during doctoring, for example, an increase in the layer thickness of the applied layers.
• the still tolerable layer thicknesses must be matched to a production process and determined. If these limits are exceeded, the wording must be rejected as it has exceeded its pot life.
• the object of the present invention was to provide a technology which uses two-component polyurethanes as binders for formulations for the production of EL elements, which no longer have the disadvantages, such as limited pot lives, and no increase in viscosity processing, such as interruption of processing.
• blocked diisocyanates and blocked polyisocyanates are also suitable for the preparation of formulations with which EL elements can be produced. Since the blocked isocyanate / di- or polyisocyanate does not react with the isocyanate-reactive component, for example the polyol, but only after cleavage of the blocking group, the pot life is prolonged. For example, it takes more than three months instead of a few hours. As a result, in principle, a permanently stable one-component system for the production of the respective layer can be provided. The viscosity of the formulation during the application process does not increase as a result of the chemical crosslinking, only the evaporation of possibly added solvents can increase the viscosity somewhat.
• Blocking group in the context of the invention is a chemical group on the isocyanate, which is connected by reaction of the isocyanate with a blocking agent with the isocyanate groups and which is thermally cleaved upon heating of the isocyanate and leaves the isocyanate, as it was before reaction with the blocking agent.
• the reaction of the blocked isocyanate with the isocyanate-reactive compound can also proceed concerted with simultaneous deprotection.
• Blocking group in the context of the invention is also a chemical group on Isocyanate, which does not split off during curing, but by other reactions (eg transesterification in the case of reaction of malonate-blocked polyisocyanates with polyols) lead to branching or crosslinking.
• Blocking agents for isocyanate groups are known to the person skilled in the art.
• Pigment layer used luminescent pigments are high.
• An EL element comprises a support or a substrate (1), an at least partially transparent front electrode (2), a layer containing the electroluminescent crystals (3), optionally a dielectric layer (4) which exhibits the dielectric strength of the layer structure increases, and has the highest possible dielectric constant, another electrode layer (5), optionally silver reinforcements, so-called silver busbars (6) for the electrodes and optionally a covering layer (7). Furthermore, the EL element may optionally be laminated to protect it from external influences.
• the invention therefore provides an EL element comprising a substrate, a front and a back electrode and a pigment layer, wherein the pigment layer contains: a) a binder system comprising a component with thermally reversibly blocked isocyanate groups aa) and one or more isocyanate-reactive components ab) and b) in the electric field luminescent pigments or crystals.
• the described layer structure causes the lamp to shine through the substrate (1) (conventional structure).
• the layers can also be arranged so that the lamp to the side facing away from the substrate lights (layer structure, for example, (1), (5), (4), (3), (2), (6)).
• the cover layer (6) or the protective laminate must be at least partially transparent. This arrangement is called inverse.
• an EL element can also shine in both directions. This arrangement is referred to as two-sided.
• An at least partially transparent covering layer or an at least partially transparent protective laminate means a covering layer or a protective laminate with a transmission of the incident light of at least one percent. Description of the individual layers and components Substrate (1)
• the EL element As a substrate for an EL element, many materials can be used. Usually, the EL element is illuminated by the substrate (conventional structure). Therefore, at least partially transparent materials are particularly suitable as substrates, such as glass, plastics or plastic films. As a material for plastic films are all acquaintances.
• a large number of the electroluminescent elements have polyester films or polyethylene terephthalate films as a carrier material with an electrically conductive, largely transparent layer, for example, sputtered by the sputtering process.
• such EL elements generally contain further layers, for example protective layers.
• the conventional EL elements are generally planar, as is the case, for example, with objects having three-dimensional geometries , may affect the visibility of information and usability.
• polycarbonate is present as, for example, in the films referred to as Makrofol® and Bayfol® (Bayer Materials Science AG, D-51368 Leverkusen, www.bayermaterialscience.com), which are particularly well suited for three-dimensionally shaped EL elements.
• a first electrically conductive layer is applied to the substrate, in the inverse structure an electrically conductive layer is applied to the pigment layer, which is at least partially transparent.
• An at least partially transparent, electrically conductive layer means a transmission of the incident light through the layer of at least 30%, preferably more than 70%, particularly preferably more than 80%.
• such layers are known, for non-three-dimensionally deformed EL elements is often used indium tin oxide (ITO) or antimony tin oxide (ATO).
• PET films with ITO coatings are commercially available, for example from Sheldahl (1150 Sheldahl Road, Northfield, Minesota 55057).
• screen printable formulations which are suitable for making at least partially transparent, electrically conductive coatings, for example the ATO screen printing pastes with the designations 7162E or 7164 from DuPont (DuPont (UK) Limited, Cold Harbor Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS 16 1 QD, England).
• ATO screen printing pastes with the designations 7162E or 7164 from DuPont (DuPont (UK) Limited, Cold Harbor Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS 16 1 QD, England).
• electrically conductive polymers such as PEDOT / PSS (poly-3,4-dioxythiophene), which is available under the trade name Clevios® from HC Starck (HC Starck GmbH, PO Box 2540, 38615 Goslar, Germany) or polyaniline, which are used to form the electrically conductive Electrode layers are suitable.
• the electrically conductive layer which is arranged on the opposite side of the lighting of the EL element, does not have to be transparent. Therefore, other materials that are not suitable for use in an at least partially transparent electrically conductive layer may be used. For example, silver-filled, electrically conductive screen printing pastes are well suited for the production of the back electrode. Furthermore, other metals or carbon may be used as the electric current conductive fillers.
• Screen-printable silver pastes are, for example, Electrodag® PF 410 or Eiectrodag® PM 470 from Acheson (Acheson France SAS, 67152 Erstein Cedex, France), the DuPont 9145 Electroluminescent Silver Conductor paste (DuPont (UK) Limited, Cold Harbor Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS 16 1QD, England).
• Carbon-filled, electrically conductive, screen-printable pastes for producing a non-transparent electrode are, for example, the DuPont 8144 electroluminescent carbon conductor paste (DuPont (UK) Limited, Cold Harbor Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1 QD, England) or US Pat Electrodag® PF 407 A from Acheson (Acheson France SAS, 67152 Erstein Cedex, France).
• Covering layer (5) Commercial lacquers or printing inks, such as, for example, under the brand names Noriphan 1 [TR. Noriphan PCI, Noriphan N2K, Noricryl or NoriPET from Pro 11 KG (Treuchtlinger Strasse 29, D-91781 Weissenburg i. Bay.) Or Maraflex FX from Marabu GmbH & Co. KG (Asperger Strasse 4, D-71732 Tamm) , Polyplast PY from Fujifilm Sericol
• the formulations can be water-based, solvent-based or solvent-free. be constructed solvent-free.
• the formulations may be crosslinkable by means of UV radiation, thermally crosslinking and / or drying and / or IR crosslinking / drying.
• the EL element may be laminated front and back with another protective layer.
• Suitable protective layers are all materials known to those skilled in the art which are suitable for lamination.
• Silver busbars are usually used to contact the electrodes, since the electrode material would lead to high contact resistances at the contact points.
• Silver busbar refers to a structure printed from silver conductive pastes, which usually conducts the current from the contact into a larger area.
• Many suitable silver pastes are found in the prior art, for example ElectiOdag® PF 410 or Electrodag® PM 470 from Acheson (Acheson France SAS, 67152 First Cedex, France), 9145 Electroluminescent silver conductor or 5028 silver conductor from DuPont (DuPont (UK) Limited , Cold Harbor Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS 16 1QD, England) or ELX30 silver conductive paste from Electra Polymers Ltd. (Roughway Mill, Tonbridge, Kent, TN 1 1 9SG, England). If the back electrode of the EL element already consists of a layer filled with silver, reinforcement with a silver busbar is generally not necessary.
• Pigme layer (3) contains a) a binder system consisting of at least one component with thermally reversibly blocked isocyanate groups aa) and one or more isocyanate-reactive components ab) b) luminescent pigments or crystals in the electric field, c) optionally solvent d) if necessary, additives and additives
• the screen printing pastes for the production of printing layers for inventive EL elements comprise a binder with a blocked isocyanate and at least one isocyanate-reactive component, preferably a polyol.
• the proportions of the reactants are preferably selected so that the equivalent ratio of isocyanate-reactive groups to isocyanate at 1: 0.2 to 1: 3, preferably 1: 0.5 to 1: 1.5, and most preferably by 1 lies,
• Suitable polyisocyanates for the preparation of component aa) can be found in the NCO-functional compounds known per se to a person skilled in the art having a functionality of preferably 2 or more. These are typically aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic and / or aromatic di- or triisocyanates and their higher molecular weight derivatives with iminooxadiazinedione, isocyanurate, uretdione, urethane, allophanate, biuret, urea, oxadiazinetrione, oxazolidinone, acyl urea and / or carbodiimide structures having two or more free NCO groups.
• di- or triisocyanates examples include tetramethylene diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,3- and 1,4-diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanato-methylcyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI) , methylene-bis- (4-isocyanatocyclohexane), tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), triisocyanatononane, tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), di-phenyl methane-2,4 '-and / or 4,4' -diis o diisocyanate (MDI), Tripheny In ethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, naphthylene-1, 5-diisocyanate, 4-isocyanatomethyl-1, 8-octane
• Such polyisocyanates typically have isocyanate contents of 0.5 to 60 wt .-%, preferably 3 to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably 5 to 25 wt .-%.
• the higher molecular weight compounds containing isocyanurate, urethane, allophanate, biuret, iminooxadiazinetrione, oxadiazinetrione and / or uretdione groups based on aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates are preferably used in the process according to the invention.
• component aa particularly preference is given in the process according to the invention in component aa) to compounds having biuret, iminooxadiazinedione, isocyanurate and / or uretdione groups based on hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and / or 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane.
• polyisocyanates having an isocyanurate structure based on hexamethylene diisocyanate and / or isophorone diisocyanate are used in the art per se known monofunctional, thermally cleavable blocking agent.
• Examples are phenols, oximes, such as butanone oxime, acetone oxime or cyclohexanone oxime, lactams, such as ⁇ -caprolactam, amines, such as N-tert-butylbenzylamine or diisopropylamine, 3,5-dimethylpyrazole, triazole, esters containing deprotonatable groups, such as diethyl malonate, Ethyl acetoacetate, or mixtures thereof and / or mixtures with other blocking agents.
• component aa) can be carried out in a solvent, examples being N-methylpyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone, xylene, solvent naphtha, toluene, butyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate, acetone or methyl ethyl ketone. It is possible to add solvent after the reaction of the isocyanate groups. It is also possible to use protic solvents, such as alcohols, which serve, for example, to stabilize the solution or to improve paint properties. Any mixtures of solvents are also possible. The amount of solvent is generally so calculated that 20 to 99 wt .-%, preferably 50 to 90 wt .-% solutions result. The production of solvent-free systems is possible.
• Suitable catalysts are, for example, tertiary amines, tin, zinc or bismuth compounds or basic salts. Preference is given to dibutyltin dilaurate and tin dioctoate.
• Suitable compounds of the isocyanate-reactive component ab such as, for example, polyhydroxyl compounds, are known per se with respect to the preparation and use of such stoving lacquers to those skilled in the art.
• binders known per se based on polyhydroxy polyesters, polyhydroxy polyurethanes, polyhydroxy polyethers, polycarbonate diols or polymers containing hydroxyl groups, such as the polyhydroxypolyacrylates, polyacrylate polyurethanes and / or polyurethane polyacrylates known per se.
• pigments which shine in the electric field Preferably, copper or manganese-doped zinc sulfide crystals are used. These are encapsulated with inorganic layers such as alumina because the unencapsulated pigments are sensitive to moisture during operation.
• Encapsulated pigments are known in the art, are known to the person skilled in the art and are commercially available, for example from GTP (Global Tungsten & Powders Corp., Hawes Street, Towanda, PA 18848, USA).
• solvents it is possible in principle to use all solvents known to the person skilled in the art which are suitable for the described polyurethanes, for example ethoxypropyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, toluene, Xylene, Solventnaphtha 100 or any mixtures of two or more of these solvents in amounts of preferably I to 50 wt .-%, preferably 2 to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably 5 to 1
• additives for improving the flow behavior and the course can be contained.
• flow control agents are Additol XL480 from Cytec Surface Specialties Germany GmbH & Co. KG (D-65203 Wiesbaden, www.cytec.com) in butoxyl in a mixing ratio of 40:60 to 60:40.
• rheology additives which contain the settling behavior can be included as further additives of pigments and fillers in the formulation, for example BYK 410, BYK 41, BYK 430, BYK 431 (BYK-Chemie, 46483 Wesel, Germany) or any mixtures thereof.
• an insulating or dielectric layer is still located between the nickel electrode and the pigment layer. This improves the electrical breakdown strength between the two electrode layers which in operation serve as capacitor plates.
• the dielectric layer contains a) a binder system consisting at least of aa) an isocyanate component ab) an isocyanate-reactive component b) optionally a filler, preferably an inorganic, which has the largest possible dielectric constant, c) optionally solvent d) optionally additives
• the binder system a) contained in the dielectric layer corresponds to the binder system contained in the pigment layer and is described there.
• the formulations for the preparation of the insulating, dielectric layer may preferably contain barium titanate as a filler. Furthermore, other materials can be used such as lead zirconate titanate or titanium dioxide.
• a filler Preferably according to the invention as a filler are BaTi0 3 or PbZr0 3 or mixtures thereof, preferably in quantities of from 5 to 80 wt .-%, preferably from 10 to 75 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 40 to 70 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the paste, in the paste for liersannon the dielectric layer.
• solvents it is possible in principle to use all solvents known to the person skilled in the art which are suitable for the polyurethanes described, for example ethoxypropyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate. Acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone,
• additives for improving the flow behavior and the course can be contained.
• flow control agents are Additol XL480 from Cytec Surface Specialties Germany GmbH & Co. KG (D-65203 Wiesbaden, www.cytec.com) in butoxyl in a mixing ratio of 40:60 to 60:40.
• rheology additives which contain the settling behavior can be contained as further additives of pigments and fillers in the formulation, for example BYK 410, BYK 411, BYK 430, BYK 431 (BYK-Chemie, 46483 Wesel, Germany) or any mixtures thereof.
• the formulations and pastes according to the invention are suitable for producing both two-dimensional EL elements as well as three-dimensionally deformed EL elements by means of isostatic high-pressure deformation.
• the three-dimensional deformation of the film element is configured such that one or more recesses and / or elevations are formed in the flat film element.
• the formulations are also suitable for the production of E L elements that can be back-injected.
• the layers which have been formed by application and drying and / or crosslinking of the formulations according to the invention be prepared to withstand the temperatures and pressures in the deformation process and injection molding process.
• Fig. 1 shows an EL element according to conventional construction. The light is emitted through the substrate.
• Fig. 2 shows an EL element according to inverse construction. The light is emitted to the side facing away from the substrate.
• Desmodur® BL 3475 BA / SN is an aliphatic cross-linking Embrennurethanharz with blocked isocyanate groups, based H DI / IPDI, form approximately 75% in Solventnaphtha® 100 / butyl acetate (1: 1), NCO content, blocked about 8 , 2%, Bayer MaterialScience AG, Leverkusen, DE
• Desmophen® 670 BA is a weakly branched, hydroxyl-containing polyester, supplied in a form approx. 80% in butyl acetate, hydroxyl content 3.5 ⁇ 0.3% (DIN 53 240/2)%, Bayer MaterialScience AG, Leverkusen, DE
• Desmophen® 1 800 is a slightly branched, solvent-free polyester polyol containing OH groups, hydroxyl content 1.82 ⁇ 0.09% (ISO 6796)%, Bayer MaterialScience AG, Leverkusen, DE
• formulations contain the following receptors:
• formulations contain the following reprints:
• formulations contain the following formulations:
• formulations contain the following formulations:
• Example of the Production of an EL Element by Screen Printing with Formulations Containing Blocked Isocyanates All the layers described in the example were printed using a screen printing machine ATMACE (ESC Europa-Siebdmckmaschinen-Centrum VerwaitungsgesmbH, 32108Bad Salzuflen, Germany).
• the first electrically conductive layer was printed on a polycarbonate film (Bayfol CR 1 -4 250 ⁇ m, Bayer MaterialScience AG), as described in WO 2008/071412 on page 21 in the left-hand column of the table, compare Table 5: Table 5.
• Composition of a formulation for producing an electrically conductive layer as described in WO 2008/071412, page 21, left column of the table.
• the already used pigment paste can be taken out of the sieve after printing. Furthermore, with screens in frame sizes of 1150 mm by 1350 mm, a flood amount of about one to one and a half kilograms of formulation is necessary. Both the amount of flooding and any residues left in excess can be stored for weeks in closed plastic containers and reused at any time. In the past compared in comparison pastes (recipe P2) reuse is no longer possible because the paste undergoes such a strong increase in viscosity within a few hours by crosslinking of the binder that they can no longer be printed error-free.
• the viscosity was measured by approach, after four to five hours, and after about 24 hours.
• the non-blocked system (Desmodur N75 MPA) - Comparative Example - shows within the first 5 hours only a slight increase in viscosity (0.388 mPas to 0.451 mas at a shear rate of 10 s "1 ) but a doubling of the viscosity after a total of 17 h (0.953 mPa-s at 10 s -1 ).
• the unblocked system is fixed (no longer measurable), while the blocked is unchanged and can still be used.
• the viscosity measurements were carried out on a Physica MCR 301 from Anton Paar GmbH (8054 Graz, Austria). The temperature was set at 25.0 ° C for all measurements. A cone / plate arrangement was used, the cone having a diameter of 49.966 mm and the cone angle was 1.994 °.

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• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
• Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)

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