EP2642500A1 - Commutateur CC sans chambres d'extinction - Google Patents

Commutateur CC sans chambres d'extinction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2642500A1
EP2642500A1 EP12160540.6A EP12160540A EP2642500A1 EP 2642500 A1 EP2642500 A1 EP 2642500A1 EP 12160540 A EP12160540 A EP 12160540A EP 2642500 A1 EP2642500 A1 EP 2642500A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch according
current
conductors
arc
dropouts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12160540.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Karsten Gerving
Volker Lang
Johannes Meissner
Ralf Thar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eaton Industries GmbH
Original Assignee
Eaton Industries GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eaton Industries GmbH filed Critical Eaton Industries GmbH
Priority to EP12160540.6A priority Critical patent/EP2642500A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2013/055856 priority patent/WO2013139870A1/fr
Priority to DE112013001624.9T priority patent/DE112013001624A5/de
Publication of EP2642500A1 publication Critical patent/EP2642500A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/46—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using arcing horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H9/443—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switch, in particular with extinguishing chamber-free switching chamber to achieve a high electrical life, wherein the switch, which is provided in particular for a DC operation, two current partial conductor for guiding a load current, wherein in an on state, an electrically conductive connection between the two current divider conductors is provided, which is interrupted in an off state.
  • a magnetic field is provided for influencing an arc caused by the interruption of the electrically conductive connection between the two current dividing conductors.
  • Electrical switches are components in a circuit that establish or disconnect an electrically conductive connection by means of internal, electrically conductive contacts. With a live connection to be cut, current flows through the contacts until they are separated. When a circuit is disconnected by a switch, the current flow does not reduce immediately to zero, so that an arc can form between the contacts.
  • the arc is a gas discharge by a per se non-conductive medium, such as air.
  • AC alternating current
  • arcs usually erase at the zero crossing of the alternating current. Since such a zero crossing of the current in switches with DC operation (DC) is missing, stable arcing can occur when disconnecting the contacts.
  • the circuit If the circuit is operated with sufficient current and voltage, for example, more than about one ampere and more than 50 volts, the arc does not automatically go out. For this reason, in such switches, the extinction of the arc is accelerated by the use of a magnetic field that is poled to exert a driving force on the arc toward a quenching chamber. To generate a strong magnetic field permanent magnets are used as a rule.
  • the so-called magnetic blowing field is either externally over Permanent magnet system or via a generated in the switch own magnetic field, caused by suitable structural design of the current paths in the switching device, generates and drives the switching arc in an extinguishing system, for example in the form of a so-called Deion chamber, where by dividing into several partial arcs with simultaneous cooling through the chamber walls a rapid increase in the arc voltage occurs, so that the switching arc extinguished at the latest when reaching the driving voltage and thus a permanent interruption of the electrical current is effected.
  • a switch is for example in the document EP 2 061 053 A2 described.
  • the contact arrangement associated with a certain burnup of contact material by evaporation or Verspratzen;
  • the switching chamber walls and the extinguishing chambers continue to be thermally stressed, which results in an additional limitation of the electrical life of the switching device.
  • the thermal stress of the switch during the switching process is particularly high in the case of high arc performance and in the absence or low mobility of the arc, which has a comparatively high contact erosion and locally high thermal loads on the materials in the area of the contacts and the switching chamber result.
  • switching arcs with a high energy content often cause flashbacks.
  • Object of the present invention is to realize a switch, preferably for DC currents, in which it by continuous energy extraction at At the same time only low thermal load of the switch components to a fast extinction of the switching arcs comes.
  • the switch according to the invention has two current part conductors for guiding a load current, wherein in an on state an electrically conductive connection between the two current part conductors is provided, which is interrupted in an off state.
  • a magnetic field is provided for influencing an arc caused by the interruption of the electrically conductive connection between the two current dividing conductors.
  • a coil is arranged around at least one of the current partial conductors, wherein the coil is provided as a guide device for the arc.
  • a coil in the sense of the invention is to be understood as meaning a device made of material which is conductive at least on the surface and which is suitable for guiding the arc along and simultaneously around the current conductor.
  • the coil consists of a single layer turns, the turns do not touch. Alternatively, a designation as a helical or helical coil would be appropriate for the arc guide device.
  • the magnetic field acts on the arc in such a way that it is conducted along the coil.
  • the thermal load of the switch is minimized.
  • only a comparatively small proportion of contact material is melted and evaporated by the rapid magnetic "blowing away" of the arcs from the contacts, the contact erosion is correspondingly low.
  • the arcs have due to the blowing forces acting no way to remain in the same place and thereby damage the switch components by heat.
  • the arc front moves in this way continuously through a gas environment that is still in the cold state and in the previously no ionization of Gas particles is done.
  • the arc undergoes a constant energy withdrawal by cooling and in addition a significantly reduced tendency to reignition. Due to the continuous energy withdrawal, the arc current decreases steadily, at the same time the burning voltage experiences a rapid increase, which at the latest when reaching the driving voltage to extinguish the arc and thus leads to permanent interruption of the switching path.
  • a reduction of the thermal arc effect on the components of the switching chamber is realized. As a result, this leads to an increase in the electrical life of the switch.
  • a double-breaking bridge contact piece is provided for making and interrupting the electrically conductive connection between the two current divider conductors, wherein a coil is arranged around each of the two current divider conductors as an arc guiding device.
  • the current partial conductors have a substantially cylindrical shape and are arranged along a longitudinal axis.
  • the current partial conductors on the circumference in each case preferably have a peripheral contact region, in particular of erosion-resistant contact material, for contacting corresponding contact pieces of a bridge contact element.
  • the contacting takes place on the circumference of the current partial conductor, where the arcs initially arise, which are also performed over the circumference of the current partial conductor.
  • the current partial conductors have a bead-like thickening, which in each case extends helically around a longitudinal axis on the circumference.
  • a slope of the helices of the bead-like thickening corresponds to a slope of the helical coils, so that the thickening faces the arc conductor everywhere.
  • extend the arc bases advantageously along the apex line of the bead-like thickening.
  • Mutually facing dropouts of the coils preferably extend into the interior of the coil such that the bridge contact is located between the current dividers and the dropouts, thereby facilitating passage of the arc from the bridge contact to the coils. This further assists in when the bridge switch is positioned in the off state immediately adjacent to the dropouts, and more particularly when the bridge switch has recesses that partially surround the dropouts in the off state.
  • Another variant is that the remotely located ends of the coils are not interconnected and instead in the off state, an electrically conductive contact is made by physical contact between the dropouts and the bridge contactor. The person skilled in the art recognizes that, even with an arc presence, a continuous electrically conductive connection between the power connections always has to be realized - until the current is interrupted by the extinction of at least one of the arcs.
  • a permanent magnet arrangement is provided, each with two subassemblies, wherein each two substantially parallel aligned permanent magnets form a subassembly, wherein a first subassembly generates substantially parallel to the current part conductors extending field lines, ie at the front ends the deflection coils is arranged, and wherein a second subassembly generates field lines extending substantially orthogonal to the current subconductors.
  • the second subassembly generates field lines parallel to the dropouts.
  • the actually resulting field lines of the permanent magnet arrangement are the result of a superposition of magnetic fields, so that the aforementioned parallel field lines do not occur on their own.
  • the permanent magnet arrangement is preferably equipped with permanent magnets made of rare earth materials, for example Nd-Fe-B or Sa-Co, for obtaining a high magnetic field strength.
  • the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets are suitably connected to U-shaped pole plates to obtain a magnetic field of high homogeneity.
  • the switch in each case has a plate of insulating material, preferably of ceramic or thermosetting plastic, which is arranged between the located at the front ends of the deflection coils permanent magnets or their pole plates and the outer ends of the deflection coils to protect the permanent magnetic assembly from arcing, especially in the case of overcurrents.
  • a diameter of the coils expands spirally starting from the dropouts.
  • the switching arcs are continuously extended during their spiral rotation, which increases the resistance of the arc column and thus the arc voltage steadily.
  • a faster extinction of the switching arc is effected.
  • Coils of metal U-profile can be used particularly advantageously, wherein a rounded web portion of the U-profile faces the coil interior.
  • the arc bases advantageously extend along the apex line of the U-profile.
  • the switch is hermetically sealed and with a switching gas of hydrogen or a strong filled hydrogen-containing gas mixture.
  • FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of a first embodiment of the switch according to the invention. It is shown a largely concentric switching arrangement, in the longitudinal axis X, two axially aligned, cylindrical current partial conductor 10, 11 are arranged to guide a load current.
  • an electrical connection preferably by contacting with an electrically conductive bridge contact piece 20, which is mounted in a movable switching bridge 25, made with two contact pieces 21 of a preferably burn-and welded contact material at the end between the two sub-conductors 10, 11 .
  • the bridge switch piece 20 is, for example, mechanically connected to a magnetic drive (not shown), which causes movement of the bridge switch piece 20 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X of the cylindrical current conductor 10, 11, which is represented by the double arrow P.
  • the two contact pieces 21 of the bridge contact piece 20 contact the mutually facing ends of the cylindrical Stromteilleiter 10, 11 on the circumference, in particular directly in a region behind the end faces.
  • the peripheral region 12 affected by the contacting likewise consists, analogously to the bridge contacts 21, of a preferably burn-off and welded contact material.
  • the two cylindrical current partial conductors 10, 11 are coaxially surrounded by two axially aligned in the axial direction X arranged coils 31, 32, which consist at least on the surface of electrically conductive material and which further consist of a single layer turns, which do not touch mechanically.
  • the two outer ends of these so-called deflection coils are electrically connected to each other.
  • Two inside dropouts 35, 36 of these coils 31, 32 are each angled towards the inside of the coil, wherein the bridge switching piece 20 is positioned in each case between the dropout 35, 36 and the peripheral region 12 of the current partial conductor 10, 11.
  • the two dropouts 35, 36 parallel to each other, offset in the axial direction X, wherein the offset substantially corresponds to a length of the bridge contact piece 20.
  • An unillustrated variant is that the remotely located ends of the coils are separated and instead, in the off state, an electrically conductive contact is made by physical contact between the dropouts 35, 36 and the bridge contactor 20.
  • a permanent magnet arrangement consisting of two individual sub-assemblies, each with two mutually parallel permanent magnets.
  • one of these two sub-assemblies consists of two individual, located behind the outer end faces of the deflection and arranged parallel to each other, plate-shaped permanent magnets 41, 42 which build up an approximately homogeneous magnetic field inside the deflection coils 31, 32, wherein the field lines parallel to the two axially oriented cylindrical flow part conductors 10, 11 extend.
  • this magnetic field can also be formed by a system of two plane-parallel, magnetically highly conductive sheets, which are connected to a permanent magnet in such a way that there is an approximately homogeneous magnetic field between these pole plates.
  • a second permanent magnetic subassembly is formed in such a way that outside the circumference of the deflection coils 31, 32 at the level of the two dropouts 35, 36 there are two further permanent magnets 45, 46 which are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X in the area of the switching contacts, in particular parallel to the dropouts 35, 36 form an approximately homogeneous magnetic field, which is perpendicular to the magnetic field of the first subassembly 41, 42.
  • the two axially aligned current partial conductors 10, 11 are connected to one another by the bridge contact piece 20, so that the load current flows through the two current partial conductors 10, 11 and the bridge contact piece 20 in full length.
  • the bridge contact piece 20 When switching off, between the opening bridge contact piece 20 and the two peripheral regions 12 at the ends of the current partial conductors 10, 11, two parallel switching arcs with opposite current flow direction are formed.
  • the magnetic field generated by the two other permanent magnets 45, 46 causes a force component, which moves the two partial arcs in each case along the longitudinal axis X from each other to the outside.
  • a very fast commutation of the two arc base points of the bridge contact piece 20 on the dropouts 35, 36 of the deflection coils 31, 32 achieved is determined by this Lorentz force component of the spiral structure of the deflection coils 31, 32, in the direction of the outer End faces directed movement supported.
  • the thermal load of the switch is minimized.
  • the contact erosion is correspondingly low.
  • the arcs have due to the blowing forces acting no way to remain in the same place and thereby damage the switch components by heat.
  • the arc front moves in this way continuously through a gas environment that is still in the cold state and in the previously no ionization of gas particles is done.
  • the arc undergoes a constant energy withdrawal by cooling and in addition a significantly reduced tendency to reignition. Due to the continuous withdrawal of energy, the arc current decreases steadily, at the same time the burning voltage experiences a rapid increase, which at the latest when reaching the driving voltage leads to the extinction of the arc and thus to a permanent interruption of the switching path.
  • the dimensions of the described switching arrangement and the magnetic field strengths of the permanent magnetic arrangements are dimensioned so that the switching arcs always extinguish in the rated current operation before they reach outer ends of the deflection coil 31, 32.
  • To protect the permanent magnetic arrangement 41, 42 at the end faces of the deflection coils 31, 32 against arcing in the case of overcurrents is between the permanent magnet 41, 42 or the pole plates and the outer ends of the deflection coils 31, 32 each have a plate of insulating material 50, preferably made of ceramic or a thermosetting plastic.
  • FIG. 2 a second embodiment of the switch according to the invention with deflection coils 31, 32 is shown of conical shape 60, wherein an outer diameter of the coils 31, 32 increases continuously from the dropouts 35, 36 in the axial direction in each case towards the outside.
  • the switching arcs are continuously extended during their spiral rotation, which increases the resistance of the arc column and thus the arc voltage steadily.
  • a faster extinction of the switching arc is effected.
  • the in the FIGS. 1 and 2 recognizable bead-like thickening 15 along the power dividers 10, 11 are in the FIG. 3 shown schematically in detail.
  • the current partial conductor 10 has the bead-like thickening 15, which extends helically around the longitudinal axis X on the circumference.
  • a pitch of the helices of the bead-like thickenings 15 corresponds to a pitch of the helical coils 31, 32, so that the thickening 15 faces the arc conductor everywhere.
  • the arc root points advantageously extend along the apex line of the bead-like thickening 15.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
EP12160540.6A 2012-03-21 2012-03-21 Commutateur CC sans chambres d'extinction Withdrawn EP2642500A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12160540.6A EP2642500A1 (fr) 2012-03-21 2012-03-21 Commutateur CC sans chambres d'extinction
PCT/EP2013/055856 WO2013139870A1 (fr) 2012-03-21 2013-03-20 Commutateur cc sans chambres d'extinction d'arc
DE112013001624.9T DE112013001624A5 (de) 2012-03-21 2013-03-20 DC-Schalter ohne Löschkammern

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12160540.6A EP2642500A1 (fr) 2012-03-21 2012-03-21 Commutateur CC sans chambres d'extinction

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2642500A1 true EP2642500A1 (fr) 2013-09-25

Family

ID=48045441

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12160540.6A Withdrawn EP2642500A1 (fr) 2012-03-21 2012-03-21 Commutateur CC sans chambres d'extinction

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2642500A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE112013001624A5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013139870A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2582307A (en) 2019-03-18 2020-09-23 Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd Switching device for fast disconnection of short-circuit currents

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2305572A1 (de) * 1973-02-05 1974-08-08 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur loeschung eines lichtbogens und anordnung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
JPS518462B1 (fr) * 1970-10-07 1976-03-17
DE19524915A1 (de) * 1995-07-08 1997-01-09 Abb Patent Gmbh Lichtbogenlöschanordnung für einen elektrischen Schalter, insbesondere für einen Leitungsschutzschalter
EP0980085A2 (fr) * 1998-08-13 2000-02-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Disjoncteur de puissance à bobine de soufflage actionné par l'arc
EP2061053A2 (fr) 2007-11-17 2009-05-20 Moeller GmbH Commutateur destiné à des applications à courant continu

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2224082A1 (de) * 1972-05-17 1973-12-06 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur loeschung eines lichtbogens und anordnung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE2311311A1 (de) * 1972-05-17 1974-09-12 Siemens Ag Anordnung zur loeschung eines lichtbogens
EP1548772A1 (fr) * 2003-12-22 2005-06-29 ABB Schweiz Holding AG Chambre de soufflage pour un disjoncteur-protecteur possèdant une double coupure

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS518462B1 (fr) * 1970-10-07 1976-03-17
DE2305572A1 (de) * 1973-02-05 1974-08-08 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur loeschung eines lichtbogens und anordnung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE19524915A1 (de) * 1995-07-08 1997-01-09 Abb Patent Gmbh Lichtbogenlöschanordnung für einen elektrischen Schalter, insbesondere für einen Leitungsschutzschalter
FR2736462A1 (fr) * 1995-07-08 1997-01-10 Abb Patent Gmbh Dispositif d'extinction d'arc pour un interrupteur electrique, en particulier pour un disjoncteur de protection de ligne
EP0980085A2 (fr) * 1998-08-13 2000-02-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Disjoncteur de puissance à bobine de soufflage actionné par l'arc
EP2061053A2 (fr) 2007-11-17 2009-05-20 Moeller GmbH Commutateur destiné à des applications à courant continu

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2013139870A1 (fr) 2013-09-26
DE112013001624A5 (de) 2014-12-31

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