EP2463879A1 - Commutateur doté d'une chambre d'extinction - Google Patents

Commutateur doté d'une chambre d'extinction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2463879A1
EP2463879A1 EP10194016A EP10194016A EP2463879A1 EP 2463879 A1 EP2463879 A1 EP 2463879A1 EP 10194016 A EP10194016 A EP 10194016A EP 10194016 A EP10194016 A EP 10194016A EP 2463879 A1 EP2463879 A1 EP 2463879A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
switch
extinguishing
arc
chambers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10194016A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Volker Lang
Lutz Friedrichsen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eaton Industries GmbH
Original Assignee
Eaton Industries GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eaton Industries GmbH filed Critical Eaton Industries GmbH
Priority to EP10194016A priority Critical patent/EP2463879A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2011/072095 priority patent/WO2012076605A1/fr
Publication of EP2463879A1 publication Critical patent/EP2463879A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H9/443—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/346—Details concerning the arc formation chamber
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc

Definitions

  • the invention relates to switches with extinguishing devices for the rapid extinction of an arc during the separation process.
  • Electrical switches are components in a circuit that establish an electrically conductive connection (switching state "ON” or ON state) or disconnect (switching state "OFF”, or OFF state) by means of internal electrically conductive contacts.
  • switching state "ON” or ON state or disconnect
  • switching state "OFF" or OFF state
  • current-carrying connection to be cut
  • an inductive circuit is disconnected by a switch, the flowing current can not go to zero immediately.
  • an arc forms between the contacts.
  • This arc is a gas discharge by a per se non-conductive medium such as e.g. Air.
  • Arcs in AC-powered switches typically clear at zero crossing of the AC current.
  • Extinction of an arc is typically accelerated by the use of a magnetic field that is poled to exert a driving force on the arc toward the quenching chambers.
  • the size of the driving force depends on the Strength of the magnet or magnets.
  • permanent magnets are used to generate a strong magnetic field.
  • the driving force of the magnetic field in the direction of the quenching chambers in conventional single-pole switches is given only in a certain current flow direction. In order to avoid polungs employmente errors in such switches or if switches are required for both current directions, single-pole switches would be with a fast and independent of the respective polar erase behavior for arcs that arise during the switching off of the switch between the open contacts, desirable.
  • a switch suitable for a polarity-independent single-pole DC operation with a switching chambers comprising a double breaker with two separate immovable contacts each having a first contact region, a movable electrically conductive contact piece with two second contact regions for respectively producing an electrically conductive connection between the first and second contact areas in the ON state of the switch and for disconnecting the first and second contact areas in the OFF state of the switch; at least two first extinguishing devices opposed to each other, which are connected to the first contact area of at least one of the two stationary contacts for extinguishing at least the arc that may occur between the first and second contact areas when the OFF state is established; and at least two magnets for generating a magnetic field at least in the region of these first and second contact regions for exerting a magnetic force on at least one of the arcs, so that at least one of the arcs is driven in the arc at least in the direction of one of the first extinguishing devices, regardless of the current direction wherein the contact piece
  • the switch according to the present invention has a fast, reliable and current direction independent extinguishing behavior and therefore prevents polarization-related installation errors and is thus also suitable for applications where switches are required for both current directions.
  • the term "substantially” in the present invention includes all embodiments that deviate less than 10% from the setpoint or mean.
  • a switch according to the present invention comprises any type of switches suitable for single-pole operation with a switching chamber having two immovable contacts which can be electrically closed by a movable contact piece. Examples of these switches are contactors, load-break switches or string breakers.
  • the switch is suitable for DC operation, but could also be used in AC operation.
  • the switch according to the invention allows a cost-effective design of the contact space for the contact piece.
  • a DC switch can be cost-effectively derived from an AC switch.
  • the polarity-independent DC operation refers to the operation of the switch in a DC circuit, wherein it does not depend on the current direction in the switch for the rapid erasure of the arcs in the switch.
  • arcs may occur between the first and second contact regions of the switching chamber, in which the current can flow from the first to the second contact region or vice versa.
  • the movement of the contact piece can be done manually or electrically.
  • the first and second contact areas may differ in shape and material.
  • the areas of the first and second contact areas can vary between extended areas and punctiform contacts.
  • the material of the contact areas may be any suitable electrically conductive material, for example, silver-tin oxide.
  • the switch according to the invention with a switching chamber, in which the movable contact piece is arranged so that the second contact areas in a line in Substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement of at least one of the arcs, there is additional free volume around the contact areas, which allows for the addition of measures to ensure cancellation independent of the polarity of the switch. Since the substantially constant and fixed in his direction magnetic field (given by the incorporation of the magnets in the switch) drives the arc at a fixed current direction always in a direction corresponding to the Lorenzkraft defined.
  • the advantage of the claimed arrangement is the simple and therefore inexpensive construction of the switch. The stronger the magnetic field at the location of the arc, the faster at least one of the arcs is driven into one of the extinguishing devices and thus extinguished.
  • the term "eraser” refers to any suitable means for extinguishing an arc, such as heatsinks or quenching chambers.
  • the first extinguishing device is an extinguishing chamber.
  • a quenching chamber comprises a plurality of quenching plates, which are preferably arranged in the quenching chamber parallel to each other.
  • the quenching plates are for example V-shaped.
  • the arc is divided in such a quenching chamber into a plurality of partial arcs (Deionwait).
  • the required minimum voltage for maintaining the arc is proportional to the number of extinguishing plates present in the quenching chamber, whereby the voltage required to maintain the arc exceeds the available voltage, which leads to the extinction of the arc.
  • the quenching plates are held in an insulating material.
  • a very strong permanent magnetic field may be provided by a permanent magnet which is, for example, a rare earth magnet.
  • rare earth magnets are made of NdFeB or SmCo alloy. These materials have a high coercive force and therefore also allow, for example, a provision of the magnets as very thin plates, which allows a more compact design of the switch.
  • the permanent magnets are preferably arranged so that they a Create magnetic field perpendicular to the current flow in the arc and perpendicular to the desired direction of movement of the arc.
  • the shape of the magnets can be suitably chosen within the scope of the invention by a person skilled in the art.
  • the magnets are preferably arranged as pairs of two magnets each, the number of magnets is thus preferably two or more times thereof in a switch.
  • the magnets comprise at least two plate-shaped magnets, preferably permanent magnets, whose surfaces are arranged parallel to one another.
  • the surfaces of the magnets are arranged parallel to the desired direction of movement of the arcs.
  • the magnets are preferably arranged so that they generate a substantially homogeneous magnetic field along the direction of movement of the arcs.
  • the magnet is a permanent magnet.
  • the term "substantially" in the present invention includes all embodiments that deviate less than 10% from the setpoint or mean.
  • the magnets extend at least as far as the extinguishing devices or even beyond them in order to provide a homogeneous magnetic field over the entire movement or running distance of the arc.
  • the magnets are arranged laterally outside the arrangement of the switching chambers (in a plane or one above the other or in another arrangement) so that they have a substantially homogeneous magnetic field at least in the region of one of the first and second contact regions create the double breaker of multiple switching chambers.
  • first arc guide plates are arranged in the switching chamber such that they extend in two opposite directions from at least one of the first contact areas and the corresponding second contact area to the first extinguishing chambers arranged at the end of the arc guide plates (6).
  • the term "extend" in this case includes the possibilities that the Lichtbogenleitbleche protrude to the respective extinguishing chambers, without being directly fixed to it or even a firm connection of the arc guide with the contact areas or the extinguishing chambers.
  • the first arc guide plates are preferably firmly connected to the first contact areas. Thus, obstacles to the movement of the arc such as air gaps are avoided, at least for the immovable contacts.
  • the first quenching chamber includes any type of components that are suitable, an arc to bring to extinction.
  • these comprise a plurality of quenching plates between the first arc guide plates, which are both arranged in parallel in the quenching chamber.
  • a Lorenz force is preferably applied to it by the magnets until it enters the extinguishing devices. If the size within the switch is sufficient, it is therefore advantageous to arrange the permanent magnets as close as possible to the first extinguishing chambers or even laterally beyond the first extinguishing chambers.
  • the arc guide plates can have any shape which is suitable for guiding the arc into the first extinguishing chambers.
  • the arc guide plates can also be designed as a stamped and bent part.
  • the thickness and width of the arc guide plates can also vary.
  • the distance between the lower and the upper of the first arc guide plates can grow with increasing distance to the first and second contacts.
  • the magnets extend at least along the first arc guide plates to the first extinguishing chambers, preferably beyond the first extinguishing chambers.
  • the switching chamber comprises two further second deletion devices, which are connected to the contact area of the other stationary contact for extinguishing the arc between the other first and second contact areas.
  • the term "eraser” refers to any suitable means for extinguishing an arc, such as heatsinks or quenching chambers.
  • the second extinguishing device is an extinguishing chamber.
  • the second quenching chamber may have a similar or the same basic structure as the first quenching chamber and optionally include the parts that have already been described in the first quenching chamber.
  • the arc is forced between one of the first and second contact areas in one of the first extinguishing chambers and the other arc between the other first and second contact areas in one of the second extinguishing chambers.
  • the quenching behavior would look the same, except that then one arc would be driven into the other first quenching chamber and the other arc into the other second quenching chamber.
  • second arc baffles are arranged in the switching chamber so that they extend in two opposite directions from the first contact region of the other immovable contact and the corresponding other second contact region of the movable contact to the second quenching chambers arranged at the end of the arc baffle plates.
  • the movement axis of the contact piece extends here between the first and second arc guide plates.
  • the magnets are arranged laterally outside the switching chamber so that they generate a substantially homogeneous magnetic field in the region of the two first and second contact regions of the double breaker.
  • the extinguishing clips have smaller dimensions than extinguishing chambers for double interrupters with a movable contact piece, which is arranged parallel to light arc guide plates.
  • the size of the first and second extinguishing chambers may be smaller in the presence of second extinguishing chambers than in the first extinguishing chamber alone.
  • Fig.1 shows an embodiment of a polarity-independent single-pole switch 1 according to the present invention in side view.
  • the switching chamber 11 has a double breaker with two separate immovable contacts 2, in which case only the front immovable contact 2 is visible.
  • the double interrupter has first contact portions 21, 22 and a movable electrically conductive contact piece 30 having two second contact portions 31, 32 for respectively producing an electrically conductive connection between the first and second contact portions 21, 22, 31, 32 in the ON state of the switch 1 and for disconnecting the first and second contact regions 21, 22, 31, 32 in the OFF state ZA of the switch 1 along a movement axis BA of the bridge arrangement.
  • the spring 33 exerts the necessary contact pressure on the contact piece 30 in the ON state.
  • the switch has, in this embodiment, two quenching chambers 41, 42 as the first quenching devices for extinguishing the arc 5, which occurs between the first and second contact regions 21, 31 when the OFF state ZA is established.
  • the arc 5 is supplemented with a double arrow I, which represents the two possible current directions in the arc, in a polarity of the switch from the first contact region 21 to the second contact region 31 and at an opposite polarity from the second contact region 31 to the first contact region 21.
  • a Lorenz force acts on the arc in the direction of a first quenching chamber 41 or in the direction of the other first quenching chamber 42.
  • the other arc is not shown here in detail.
  • the two first extinguishing chambers per switching chamber are in Fig.1 two first extinguishing chambers 41, 42.
  • the two magnets 28, 82 arranged inside the switch for generating a magnetic field M here extend from the first and second contact regions 21, 31 to the first extinguishing chambers 41, 42 and are in the form of plate-shaped magnets 81 , 82 executed with mutually parallel surfaces.
  • N magnetic north pole
  • the front magnet 81 (south pole S) is not visible.
  • the magnets 81, 82 generate a magnetic field with a corresponding magnetic field direction M between the magnets 81, 82.
  • a substantially homogeneous magnetic field is generated up to the first quenching chambers 41, 42 and thus over the entire moving distance T of the arc for this stationary contact 2 a strong magnetic force F is provided to rapidly extinguish this arc.
  • the two first extinguishing chambers 41, 42 ensure that at least the front arc 5 is driven independently of the current direction I in the arc toward one of the extinguishing chambers 41, 42. Which of the extinguishing chambers 41, 42 deletes the respective arc depends on the field direction of the magnetic field and the current direction I in the arc 5 and the resulting direction of the Lorenzkraft F on the arc 5 from.
  • the switching chamber 11 shown has first arc guide plates 6 extending in two opposite directions from the first contact regions 21 and the corresponding second contact region 31 to the two first quenching chambers 41, 42 disposed at the end of the arc guide plates 6.
  • Fig.2 shows another embodiment of the switch according to the present invention in plan view.
  • the components denoted by “12" are the two terminals 12 of the switching chamber 11 for connecting the switching chamber 11 to a circuit.
  • the switching chamber 11 comprises two further second delimited extinguishing devices 43, 44, which are connected to the contact area 22 of the other stationary contact 2 for extinguishing the other arc between the other first and second contact areas 22, 32, whereby the second Extinguishing devices are here designed as extinguishing chambers 43, 44.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
EP10194016A 2010-12-07 2010-12-07 Commutateur doté d'une chambre d'extinction Withdrawn EP2463879A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10194016A EP2463879A1 (fr) 2010-12-07 2010-12-07 Commutateur doté d'une chambre d'extinction
PCT/EP2011/072095 WO2012076605A1 (fr) 2010-12-07 2011-12-07 Interrupteur à chambre d'extinction

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10194016A EP2463879A1 (fr) 2010-12-07 2010-12-07 Commutateur doté d'une chambre d'extinction

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2463879A1 true EP2463879A1 (fr) 2012-06-13

Family

ID=43980766

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10194016A Withdrawn EP2463879A1 (fr) 2010-12-07 2010-12-07 Commutateur doté d'une chambre d'extinction

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2463879A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012076605A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013076310A1 (fr) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-30 Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg Commutateur pour fonctionnement en courant continu comportant au moins une chambre de commutation
WO2023187295A1 (fr) * 2022-03-29 2023-10-05 Safran Electrical & Power Contacteur bidirectionnel double pole à double coupure à champs magnétiques inversés

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014117497A1 (de) * 2014-11-28 2016-06-02 Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg Schaltvorrichtung
DE102017107441A1 (de) 2017-04-06 2018-10-11 Schaltbau Gmbh Schaltgerät mit Kontaktabdeckung
CN108417429B (zh) * 2018-03-20 2024-05-17 浙江正泰电器股份有限公司 旋转式电气开关
CN108417450A (zh) * 2018-04-28 2018-08-17 天津京人电器有限公司 单断点直动式接触器

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1541532A (fr) * 1966-10-22 1968-10-04 Siemens Ag Dispositif d'extinction de l'arc électrique pour appareils de commutation à courant continu
EP0473013A2 (fr) * 1990-08-29 1992-03-04 Eaton Corporation Appareil de commutation de courant continu, bidirectionnel et avec des chambres d'extinction utilisées alternativement selon la polarité appliquée à cet appareil

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1541532A (fr) * 1966-10-22 1968-10-04 Siemens Ag Dispositif d'extinction de l'arc électrique pour appareils de commutation à courant continu
EP0473013A2 (fr) * 1990-08-29 1992-03-04 Eaton Corporation Appareil de commutation de courant continu, bidirectionnel et avec des chambres d'extinction utilisées alternativement selon la polarité appliquée à cet appareil

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013076310A1 (fr) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-30 Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg Commutateur pour fonctionnement en courant continu comportant au moins une chambre de commutation
WO2023187295A1 (fr) * 2022-03-29 2023-10-05 Safran Electrical & Power Contacteur bidirectionnel double pole à double coupure à champs magnétiques inversés
FR3134224A1 (fr) * 2022-03-29 2023-10-06 Safran Electrical & Power Contacteur bidirectionnel double pole à double coupure à champs magnétiques inversés

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2012076605A1 (fr) 2012-06-14

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