EP2617868B1 - Procédé et dispositif de pulvérisation thermique - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de pulvérisation thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2617868B1
EP2617868B1 EP12002884.0A EP12002884A EP2617868B1 EP 2617868 B1 EP2617868 B1 EP 2617868B1 EP 12002884 A EP12002884 A EP 12002884A EP 2617868 B1 EP2617868 B1 EP 2617868B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
spray
particles
spray particles
gas stream
Prior art date
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Not-in-force
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EP12002884.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2617868A1 (fr
Inventor
Frank Dr. Gärtner
Peter Heinrich
Thomas Prof. Dr. Klassen
Heinrich Prof. Dr. Kreye
Werner Krömmer
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Priority to PL12002884T priority Critical patent/PL2617868T3/pl
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1481—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
    • B05B7/1486—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material for spraying particulate material in dry state
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/1606—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air
    • B05B7/1613—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air comprising means for heating the atomising fluid before mixing with the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/162—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air comprising means for heating the atomising fluid before mixing with the material to be sprayed and heat being transferred from the atomising fluid to the material to be sprayed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for thermal spraying according to the preambles of the independent claims.
  • Cold gas spraying is a thermal spraying method in which a powdery spray material (hereinafter referred to as "spray particle”) is processed by an expanding gas (hereinafter referred to as “carrier gas flow”).
  • carrier gas flow an expanding gas
  • spray particles from 1 to 250 ⁇ m are used and accelerated in the carrier gas stream to speeds of 200 to 1600 m / s.
  • a Laval nozzle is used, which has a converging region and a diverging region. The spray particles are not melted before spraying.
  • plastic deformation and the associated heating of the contact zone form a coating.
  • the carrier gas stream can be heated.
  • the particles In the warm carrier gas flow, the particles also heat up, so that they deform more easily upon impact.
  • the carrier gas temperature is always set so high that it is ensured that the temperature of the spray particles always and in any case remains below their melting temperature.
  • the carrier gas stream is therefore referred to as "cold" gas stream and the method as cold gas spraying.
  • Cold gas spraying is distinguished from other thermal spraying processes by relatively low process temperatures and high particle velocities. There is no melting and no phase transformation of the coating material and only a small thermal load of the substrate. The coating material hardly oxidises and allows the production of virtually pore-free layers with high spray efficiency and low spray loss.
  • Documents US 2004/0058064 A1 and US 2004/0058065 A1 disclose cold gas spraying and cold gas spraying devices.
  • the present invention proposes a method and a device for thermal spraying with the features of the independent claims.
  • Preferred embodiments are the subject of the respective subclaims and the following description.
  • the proposed method is a thermal spraying method in which the spray material is already in powder form.
  • the method thus differs from methods in which the filler material is melted, such as flame spraying, plasma spraying and arc spraying.
  • the energy input takes place by means of a hot gas, ie not by means of other energy carriers such as a burner flame, an arc, a plasma, a laser beam or the like.
  • the process can be carried out with suitable cold gas spraying systems. Therefore, the method according to the invention is very similar in many respects to cold gas spraying, but differs from cold gas spraying in decisive and essential features, as will be explained in more detail in the following.
  • spray particles of a pulverulent spray material are introduced into a hot carrier gas stream, heated in the hot carrier gas stream and sprayed onto a surface of a substrate by means of a spray nozzle.
  • a spray nozzle In conventional cold gas spraying, no melting or melting of the spray particles takes place.
  • the spray particles are partly on and melted.
  • the particles are heated upstream of the nozzle throat to a temperature at which the spray particles at least partially melt. Downstream of the nozzle throat, ie in the divergent section of the nozzle, in which a relaxation of the carrier gas flow takes place, cool gas and spray particles from.
  • partial melting may on the one hand include that only a few spray particles melt. This may for example be the case when spraying particles of different materials are used, which have different melting temperatures. The spray particles with a lower melting temperature are then at least partially liquefied at corresponding temperatures, whereas the spray particles of higher melting material remain in the solid phase. However, such "partial” melting may also occur when sprayed particles of different sizes are used. In this case, smaller particles may be completely formed, i. to the core, melt, whereas larger particles melt only the periphery, but the core remains firm. Of course, this also applies to particles made of different materials.
  • the term “partial melting” can therefore also be understood to mean that liquefaction occurs at some point of at least some of the spray particles.
  • An "at least" partial melting also includes a complete or at least predominant liquefaction of all or at least almost all spray particles. In general, however, the particles are not supplied to the complete heat of fusion, so that no complete liquefaction occurs.
  • the temperature at which the spray particles must be heated to partial melting depends on the spray powder itself.
  • a hot carrier gas stream in which yes the spray particles are introduced, is thus to be understood as a carrier gas stream which has been heated at least to a temperature corresponding to the melting temperature of the material.
  • this minimum temperature of the melting temperature corresponds to that component which has the lowest melting temperature. Since the heat must pass from the carrier gas to the spray particles, the required carrier gas temperature is above the minimum temperature. How much the minimum temperature has to be exceeded depends on the heat transfer between the carrier gas and the spray particles and on the residence time of the spray particles in the hot carrier gas.
  • the carrier gas temperature can be between 40 ° C and 2000 ° C.
  • the specified upper limit results from restrictions of the cold gas spraying system which is used for the process according to the invention, and not from the process itself.
  • the required carrier gas temperature can be determined by calculation and can be determined by simple test series.
  • the carrier gas temperatures to be used consequently depend on the particular spray material and on the particles which can be achieved with the respective spray device. It can be determined by calculation and can also be determined with routine test series.
  • the melting temperature of the different spray materials is generally known and is specified by the manufacturer or can be found in corresponding reference works.
  • the exposure time corresponds to the residence time of the particles at the respective temperature. This depends, in particular, on the way the particles travel in the heating zone and on the speed with which the particles are transported through the heating zone and on the gas type of the carrier gas flow, since the heat transfer depends on the gas used.
  • the fact that the sprayed particles were partially melted during the process has an effect on the coating itself. Consequently, one can deduce from the microstructure and the properties of the coating whether these were produced by means of the process according to the invention. If the particles were partially melted, as in the method according to the invention, the formation of a structure takes place during the solidification of the particles in the molten area, so that the structure of the melted and unmelted areas is different. With conventional cold gas spraying, these differences in the structure do not show, since no melting of the particles takes place and thus there are no different areas. In the conventional thermal spraying process, on the other hand, sprayed materials are completely melted, so that no areas of different microstructures and properties are formed here as well. Microstructures and properties can be assessed in the cut, so that the nature of the coating's origin can be deduced from the coating itself.
  • the oxidation of the molten particles can be prevented by a suitable choice of the carrier gas stream by using suitable inert gases such as nitrogen, helium, or argon or mixtures thereof.
  • suitable inert gases such as nitrogen, helium, or argon or mixtures thereof.
  • the process according to the invention can therefore introduce a large amount of energy and thus increase the deformability of the sprayed particles without causing excessive oxidation.
  • Nitrogen, helium or air or a mixture thereof can advantageously be used for the carrier gas stream in the process according to the invention. Further, an argon or other gas or gas mixture thereof may also be used. If an oxidation is to be avoided, of course, a gas mixture without oxygen must be used.
  • the spray particles in the carrier gas stream for example, first pass through a convergent region in which the cross section of the nozzle channel is reduced and thus the carrier gas flow is accelerated.
  • the convergent region of the nozzle is followed by a diverging region after the nozzle neck, which may optionally be an elongated neck portion.
  • the carrier gas stream is expanded, which is accompanied by acceleration and cooling.
  • the spray particles also cool. Even if no diverging nozzle is used, the temperature of carrier gas and spray particles decreases after the narrowest cross-section of the nozzle to impinge on the substrate.
  • the method according to the invention comprises an adjustment of the temperature of the sprayed particles in such a way that, when they impact the substrate, they are exposed to the temperature of the sprayed particles Melting temperature of the spray material is below. Nevertheless, this is due to the previously made heating to the partial melting of the particles significantly higher than in conventional cold gas spraying.
  • All temperatures of the spray particles can be adjusted in the context of the present invention by controlling the temperature of the carrier gas stream and / or the pressure with which this is supplied to the spray nozzle, and by the residence time of the spray particles in the hot carrier gas.
  • the carrier gas is heated sufficiently and the spray particles are injected so that they dwell sufficiently long in the hot gas stream, the spray particles will partially melt and it is then the process of the invention.
  • An additional heating for example, downstream of the nozzle, although possible as an addition, but not usually required.
  • Such a method can thus be implemented simply and cost-effectively, because existing control units can continue to be used.
  • a reheating of the spray particles can be carried out, for example by microwaves as in the EP 1 593 437 B1 disclosed. This allows a further increase in the energy input.
  • a cold gas spraying system is therefore suitable for the process according to the invention, if it is designed such that it allows a carrier gas temperature and a residence time of the particles in the hot carrier gas, which sufficiently heat the spray particles, so that they meet the conditions described above.
  • the particles are at least partially heated so that their average temperature upon impact with the substrate is at least 60%, 70% or 80% of the melting temperature of the spray material in Kelvin. This is done by a corresponding adjustment of the temperature to which the spray particles are heated before the nozzle throat. At 100% of the melting temperature, the particles become liquid, so that this value is usually the upper limit of a favorable temperature range on impact. If different spraying materials are used, it is understood that for some of the particles the mentioned range of values can be reached, for others, however, not yet. For higher melting particles, therefore, the temperature on impact with the substrate may be 50% of the melting temperature in Kelvin, for lower melting particles 90% or more. This fact is detected by the formulation used, according to which the temperature "of at least one part the spray particle "has a corresponding temperature upon impact with the substrate.
  • the influence of heat on any process step during the manufacture and processing of materials and their eventual use is known to depend on the temperature to which the materials are exposed and the exposure time involved.
  • the temperature can be based on the melting temperature of the materials and specified in ° C or K. If a material with a melting temperature of 1000 ° C (1273 K) is heated to 500 ° C (773 K), the temperature is 50% of the melting temperature in ° C and about 61% of the melting temperature in Kelvin.
  • All previously known methods for cold gas spraying include heating the spray particles to not significantly more than about 60% of their melting temperature in Kelvin.
  • a gas flow at 1000 ° C (773 K) is used for the spraying of titanium, which has a melting temperature of 1680 ° C (1953 K).
  • Spray particles with a diameter of 20 ⁇ m collide with approximately 530 ° C. (803 K), ie approximately 41% of their melting temperature in K, on the substrate, as determined experimentally.
  • Zinc which has a melting temperature of 420 ° C, in a particle size of 20 microns at a gas temperature sprayed from 400 ° C, the impact temperature is 63% of the melting temperature in Kelvin. It should be emphasized that these temperatures are already very high values for cold gas spraying, frequently used values are much lower.
  • the process according to the invention is advantageous in particular for the production of layers and components from so-called heat-resistant materials.
  • Heat-resistant materials are characterized in that their deformability only significantly increases when they are heated to a temperature which is above a value of 0.5 to 0.6 of the melting temperature; ie the deformability increases sharply from a temperature of 50% to 60% of the melting temperature.
  • Good ductility supports the formation of the layer.
  • the process according to the invention therefore makes it possible to produce coatings of heat-resistant materials particularly effectively. This statement applies to many different materials. In particular, these include alloys based on iron, nickel and cobalt. Also the so-called MCrAIY's belong to it. MCrAIY's are used a lot in engine and turbine construction.
  • Ni-based alloys are also referred to as nickel-base superalloys.
  • An exemplary and typical MCrAlY alloy as used in engine and turbine construction, has a melting temperature of about 1400 ° C (1673 K). This alloy has only from a temperature of 730 ° C (1003 K, ie 60% of the melting temperature) sufficient ductility, so that the spray particles adhere well to the substrate only if they hit a temperature of 730 ° C and more on impact exhibit. With the method according to the invention it is now ensured that the high temperature resistant materials have this temperature when hitting the substrate.
  • a corresponding method can also be used in particular for spraying spray particles which consist of a spray material which comprises aluminum, iron, copper, nickel, zinc and / or tin and / or alloys thereof.
  • the method according to the invention is also advantageous for the production of layers and components from composite materials, because in this case a non-metallic component, e.g. Ceramic or graphite, due to the good plastic deformability of the heated metal can integrate particularly well into the material structure.
  • the method according to the invention also permits the processing of relatively coarse and therefore less expensive particles which conventionally can not be sufficiently deformed and thus do not form dense layers. For the same reason, it is also possible to use material with a less narrow particle size distribution, which also offers cost advantages.
  • the method according to the invention for the production of layers and components from materials which have a glassy, amorphous structure is advantageous.
  • spray particles of materials which have a glassy structure in particular of plastics or metallic glasses used.
  • Materials with a glassy or even amorphous structure are only plastically deformable above a so-called glass transition temperature.
  • These include, for example, both metallic glasses in which the individual atoms are arranged largely randomly, as well as plastics in which the molecular chains are randomly arranged.
  • vitreous means that the building blocks, ie the atoms or Molecules are not arranged regularly as in a crystal lattice, but randomly such as the atoms in a window glass.
  • a spray nozzle is used in a method according to the invention, in which the carrier gas stream is compressed with the spray particles in a converging nozzle section and expanded in a diverging nozzle section.
  • a device which can be used for the method according to the invention thus has, for example, a Laval nozzle.
  • Laval nozzle allows a strong acceleration of the spray particles on the substrate.
  • the spray particles are introduced into the gas flow upstream of the nozzle neck of the Laval nozzle, that is to say in or upstream of the convergent region of the nozzle or its narrowest cross section.
  • an arrangement is also advantageous, as shown in the EP 1 369 498 B1 is disclosed.
  • the method according to the invention can also be carried out without the use of a Laval nozzle, because the spray particles already have a sufficiently good deformability due to the preceding strong heating, which ensures adhesion to the substrate even without excessive acceleration. This allows a mechanical protection of the substrate.
  • a spray nozzle which has an antechamber and / or an extended convergent section for heating the spray particles, such as in the EP 1 791 645 B1 disclosed. If the pre-chamber used is preconnected or the convergent section, eg a Laval nozzle, sufficiently extended, it can be ensured that, for example, at least 80% of the spray particles reach a temperature which corresponds to at least 70% of the carrier gas flow.
  • At least one external gas heater is used to heat the carrier gas flow, which in turn heats the spray particles.
  • a usable gas heater is eg in the EP 0 924 315 B1 disclosed.
  • the gas or gas mixture used is kept in a gas pressure vessel and is in a Cached storage tank. After removal from the gas buffer container, the gas or gas mixture is heated by means of an electrical resistance heater, inductive and / or by means of a plasma torch.
  • a sufficiently strong heating can also by using multiple heaters, especially pre and post heaters as in the DE 10 2005 004 117 disclosed be achieved.
  • the EP 1 785 679 A1 discloses an also usable heater having heatable filaments.
  • a heater which has a resistively heated graphite felt.
  • Graphite felts are made of thin filaments of graphite, which touch together in a knot. If, with suitable contacting, an electrical voltage is applied to a graphite felt, a current flows despite the interruption of the filaments, because it can also spread over the contact points of the filaments. Therefore, a graphite felt heats up in its entirety in the passage of current and can therefore heat a gas flowing through the graphite felt. Because the graphite fibers in the graphite felt are very thin, the surface over which the heat is transferred to the gas is very large overall. This allows gas heating at high pressures and high temperatures. The achievable temperatures can be more than 1500 ° C and reach up to 2000 ° C.
  • a corresponding method is particularly advantageous if in this case a spray nozzle is used which has a graphite material at least in a region of its inner wall in a contact region with the spray particles.
  • a “graphite material” denotes any graphite-containing material, including pure graphite as a solid material, but also, in particular, corresponding composite materials or coatings. Graphite modifications such as glassy carbon are also included.
  • a graphite material in the said field of application has a number of advantageous properties which, in combination in particular, allow the explained significantly elevated temperatures.
  • a graphite material has the advantage that it prevents caking of the hot spray particles on the nozzle inner wall and thus also allows the splashing (part) of liquid particles.
  • a nozzle can be used which has glassy carbon as the graphite material. Glassy carbon, also referred to as vitreous carbon, combines glassy ceramic properties with those of graphite and thus offers particular advantages.
  • metallic, partially or all-ceramic spray nozzles and / or spray nozzles with appropriate inserts eg ceramic nozzles with graphite inserts or metal nozzles with ceramic inserts may be advantageous.
  • the respective materials can also be applied in the form of coatings, which compared to solid materials enables a particularly cost-effective production.
  • a solid material has the advantage, for example, in the case of graphite, that its heat conduction properties can be effective in a particular way.
  • a corresponding nozzle can therefore dissipate heat particularly effectively.
  • An insert of a corresponding material e.g. Ceramic, graphite or glassy carbon, for example, can be easily replaced when worn.
  • graphite materials can also be used in the form of composite materials. These may be materials based on metals and / or plastics.
  • the inventively also proposed device in particular in the form of a spray gun with a nozzle having a graphite material, benefits in the same way from the advantages of the described method.
  • FIG. 1 a spray gun is shown schematically and designated overall by 1.
  • the spray gun 1 has a spray nozzle 10.
  • the spray gun 1 is directed onto a substrate S and has gas inlets 2, 3, via which a gas stream G, in particular a heated to the above temperatures gas stream G, can be provided.
  • a gas heater arranged upstream of the spray gun 1 can be provided.
  • Further gas inlets 3 can be used for setting a gas mixture and / or a gas temperature of the gas stream G.
  • a spray gun 1 may have an external powder conveyor (not shown), into which a portion of the gas stream G is passed, with which the spray particles P are fed into the spray gun 1.
  • a particle inlet 4 is provided, by means of which spray particles P can be fed into the spray gun 1.
  • a particle feeding device provided in the form of a powder conveyor, which is provided upstream of the spray gun 1 but not shown, is provided, via which a part of the gas flow G, possibly in (partially) heated form, is passed.
  • the carrier gas flow G and the spray particles P enter a mixing chamber 5, which is arranged within a multi-part housing 6 of the spray gun 1.
  • the housing 6 is shown partially opened.
  • the mixing chamber 5 may have further means for mixing the gas flow G and the spray particles P.
  • a spray nozzle 10 has a nozzle inlet 11 on the injection nozzle side and a nozzle opening 12 between the nozzle inlet 11 and nozzle opening 12.
  • the nozzle channel 13 has a nozzle neck 14 at the flow-optimized position. From the nozzle inlet to the nozzle throat 14, the cross section of the nozzle channel 13 tapers. From the nozzle throat 14 to the nozzle orifice 12, the nozzle channel 13 widens, so that an acceleration of a compressed and heated gas stream can be effected by means of the Laval effect. The gas stream with the correspondingly heated particles P is spun onto the substrate S as a gas-sprayed particle mixture GP.
  • the injection nozzle 10 advantageously has a graphite material, in particular between the nozzle neck 14 and the nozzle orifice 12, on the inside.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé de projection thermique dans lequel des particules projetées (P) d'un matériau poudreux de projection sont incorporées dans un écoulement (G) de gaz porteur chaud, sont réchauffées par l'écoulement (G) de gaz porteur chaud et sont projetées sur la surface d'un substrat (S) au moyen d'une tuyère de projection (10),
    la température des particules projetées (P) lorsqu'elles viennent percuter le substrat (S) étant inférieure à la température de fusion du matériau de projection,
    la tuyère de projection (10) présentant une entrée (11) de tuyère et une embouchure (12) de tuyère entre lesquelles est disposé un canal de tuyère (13),
    un col de tuyère (14) étant prévu en une position optimisée d'écoulement et séparant une partie convergente de la tuyère d'une partie divergente de la tuyère,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les particules projetées (P) sont chauffées dans l'écoulement (G) de gaz porteur chaud en amont du col de tuyère (14) à une température qui a en cet emplacement pour effet une fusion au moins partielle des particules projetées.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la température à laquelle les particules projetées (P) sont chauffées en amont du col (14) de la tuyère est réglée par commande de la température de l'écoulement (G) de gaz porteur et/ou par la pression à laquelle l'écoulement (G) de gaz porteur est apporté à la tuyère de projection (10).
  3. Procédé selon les revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel la température à laquelle les particules projetées (P) sont chauffées en amont du col (14) de la tuyère est réglée de telle sorte que la température d'au moins une partie des particules projetées corresponde lors de leur percussion sur le substrat à plus de 60 %, de 70 % ou de 80 % de la température de fusion du matériau de projection concerné, les températures étant exprimées en Kelvin.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, qui utilise des particules projetées (P) en matériaux métalliques, en particulier en alliages réfractaires à base de fer, de nickel ou de cobalt, de façon particulièrement préférable en un alliage de MCrA-IY et/ou en aluminium, en fer, en cuivre, en nickel, en zinc en étain et/ou en alliages qui contiennent au moins l'un de ces éléments.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, qui utilise des particules projetées (P) en matériaux composites.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, qui utilise des particules projetées (P) en matériaux présentant une structure vitreuse, en particulier en matière synthétique ou en verre métallique.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, qui utilise une tuyère de projection (10) dans laquelle l'écoulement (G) de gaz porteur est d'abord introduit avec les particules projetées (P) dans une partie convergente de la tuyère et ensuite est dilaté dans une partie divergente de la tuyère.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, qui utilise une tuyère de projection (10) qui présente au moins dans une partie de sa paroi intérieure, dans une partie de contact avec les particules projetées (P) un matériau à base de graphite et/ou un matériau céramique et/ou est constitué d'un matériau de graphite et/ou d'un matériau céramique.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, qui utilise une tuyère de projection (10) qui présente une pré-chambre et/ou une partie convergente allongée en vue de l'échauffement des particules projetées (P).
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel au moins un chauffage externe de gaz est prévu pour chauffer l'écoulement (G) de gaz porteur par lequel les particules projetée (P) sont chauffées.
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, qui utilise pour l'écoulement de gaz porteur de l'azote, de l'hélium, de l'air ou un mélange de ces gaz.
  12. Dispositif présentant la forme d'un pistolet de projection (1) et qui est conçu pour exécuter un procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le dispositif présentant
    des admissions de gaz (2, 3) par lesquelles un écoulement (G) de gaz, en particulier un écoulement (G) de gaz chauffé, pénètre dans le pistolet de projection (1),
    une admission (4) de particules au moyen de laquelle des particules projetées (P) sont introduites dans le pistolet de projection (1),
    une chambre de mélange (5) et une tuyère de projection (10) dotée d'une entrée de tuyère (11) et d'une embouchure de tuyère (12) entre lesquelles est situé un canal de tuyère (13) qui présente un col de tuyère (14) en une position optimale en termes d'écoulement,
    la section transversale du canal de tuyère (13) se rétrécissant de l'entrée (11) de la tuyère au col (14) de la tuyère et la section transversale du canal (13) de la tuyère s'évasant du col (14) de la tuyère vers l'embouchure (12) de la tuyère,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le canal (13) de la tuyère présente dans une partie de sa paroi intérieure un matériau à base de graphite et/ou un matériau céramique et/ou est constitué d'un matériau à base de graphite et/ou d'un matériau céramique, cette partie étant prévue en particulier entre le col (14) de la tuyère et l'embouchure (12) de la tuyère.
EP12002884.0A 2012-01-17 2012-04-24 Procédé et dispositif de pulvérisation thermique Not-in-force EP2617868B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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PL12002884T PL2617868T3 (pl) 2012-01-17 2012-04-24 Sposób i urządzenie do natryskiwania termicznego

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DE102012000816A DE102012000816A1 (de) 2012-01-17 2012-01-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum thermischen Spritzen

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EP2617868B1 true EP2617868B1 (fr) 2014-04-09

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EP (1) EP2617868B1 (fr)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012000817A1 (de) * 2012-01-17 2013-07-18 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Gasheizvorrichtung, Gasheizeinrichtung wowie Anordnung zum thermischen Spritzen mit zugehörigem Verfahren
CN104475589A (zh) * 2014-11-26 2015-04-01 镇江维纳特气门有限公司 一种冲床自动喷墨装置专用喷墨枪
SE539354C2 (en) * 2015-11-16 2017-08-01 Scania Cv Ab Arrangement and process for thermal spray coating vehicle components with solid lubricants

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3331216A1 (de) * 1983-08-30 1985-03-14 Castolin Gmbh, 6239 Kriftel Vorrichtung zum thermischen spritzen von auftragsschweisswerkstoffen
DE19756594A1 (de) 1997-12-18 1999-06-24 Linde Ag Heißgaserzeugung beim thermischen Spritzen
US6416877B1 (en) * 1998-03-14 2002-07-09 Dana Corporation Forming a plain bearing lining
JP3918379B2 (ja) * 1999-10-20 2007-05-23 トヨタ自動車株式会社 溶射方法、溶射装置及び粉末通路装置
DE10222660A1 (de) 2002-05-22 2003-12-04 Linde Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Hochgeschwindigkeits-Flammspritzen
CA2433613A1 (fr) * 2002-08-13 2004-02-13 Russel J. Ruprecht, Jr. Methode de pulverisation de revetements du type mcralx
US7108893B2 (en) * 2002-09-23 2006-09-19 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Spray system with combined kinetic spray and thermal spray ability
US6743468B2 (en) * 2002-09-23 2004-06-01 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method of coating with combined kinetic spray and thermal spray
DE102004029354A1 (de) 2004-05-04 2005-12-01 Linde Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kaltgasspritzen
DE102005004116A1 (de) 2004-09-24 2006-04-06 Linde Ag Verfahren zum Kaltgasspritzen und Kaltgasspritzpistole
DE102005004117A1 (de) 2004-09-24 2006-04-06 Linde Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kaltgasspritzen
JP3784404B1 (ja) * 2004-11-24 2006-06-14 株式会社神戸製鋼所 溶射ノズル装置およびそれを用いた溶射装置
DE102005053731A1 (de) 2005-11-10 2007-05-24 Linde Ag Vorrichtung zur Hochdruckgaserhitzung
DE102006014124A1 (de) * 2006-03-24 2007-09-27 Linde Ag Kaltgasspritzpistole

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US20130183453A1 (en) 2013-07-18
EP2617868A1 (fr) 2013-07-24
DE102012000816A1 (de) 2013-07-18

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