EP2610355B1 - Procédé pour le traitement thermique d'un matériau de structure et matériau de structure traité thermiquement - Google Patents

Procédé pour le traitement thermique d'un matériau de structure et matériau de structure traité thermiquement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2610355B1
EP2610355B1 EP11820051.8A EP11820051A EP2610355B1 EP 2610355 B1 EP2610355 B1 EP 2610355B1 EP 11820051 A EP11820051 A EP 11820051A EP 2610355 B1 EP2610355 B1 EP 2610355B1
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Prior art keywords
structural material
area
stress
heat treatment
hardening
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2610355A1 (fr
EP2610355A4 (fr
Inventor
Takuya Kuwayama
Noriyuki Suzuki
Yasunobu Miyazaki
Kaoru Kawasaki
Shigeru Yonemura
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/02—Hardening articles or materials formed by forging or rolling, with no further heating beyond that required for the formation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat treatment method of a structural material and a heat-treated structural material.
  • the laser heat treatment refers to irradiating an untreated structural material with a laser beam with a high energy density to locally heat the structural material to a temperature higher than or equal to a transformation temperature or a melting point, and causing the structural material to be subjected to quench hardening by a self-cooling operation.
  • JP 61-99629 A a method of performing a local heat treatment on a press-formed product by a laser to achieve an increase in the strength of the press-formed product is disclosed.
  • the steel sheet is rapidly heated at a temperature of higher than or equal to a predetermined temperature with a laser beam in a streak shape or a grid form and is thereafter cooled, thereby strengthening the cold-formed press-formed product.
  • the generation of strain after the heat treatment is suppressed compared to a case where the entire press-formed product is uniformly heat-treated.
  • a laser heat treatment is performed on the outer surface of a press-formed product in a streak shape in the longitudinal direction or on the entire outer surface of a press-formed product in a grid form.
  • JP H4-72010 A performing a local heat treatment on a press-formed product for the purpose of increasing the strength of the press-formed body while suppressing the generation of strain is disclosed.
  • a site of the press-formed product which requires strength for example, a high stress portion analyzed by, for example, a vehicle crash test or a finite element method is subjected to the heat treatment.
  • a laser heat treatment is performed in a stripe shape or a grid form so as to extend over the entire length in the longitudinal direction of the press-formed product.
  • JP H6-73439 A a method of controlling components contained in a steel sheet to be subjected to a laser heat treatment to specific components and then performing the laser heat treatment thereon is disclosed, and accordingly the strength of spots subjected to the laser heat treatment is enhanced while maintaining the workability of the steel sheet.
  • spots of which the strength needs to be increased are subjected to the laser heat treatment.
  • the laser heat treatment is performed in a linear form extending over the entire length in the longitudinal direction of the press-formed product.
  • JP 2004-108541 A for the purpose of enhancing the ability to absorb the impact energy of the press-formed product, a method of performing a laser heat treatment in a line form along the load direction of a compressive load on the outer peripheral surface of the press-formed product is disclosed. According to this method, since the laser heat treatment is performed in the same direction as the input direction of an impact load, a resistance against deformation can be increased, and a regular crushing mode may be achieved. Particularly, in the method disclosed in JP 2004-108541 A , the laser heat treatment is continuously performed over the entire length in the longitudinal direction of the press-formed product along the load direction of the compressive load.
  • a laser heat treatment is performed on a part of the outer surface of the press-formed product, which requires strength. Specifically, the laser heat treatment is performed in the line form that continuously extends over the entire length in the longitudinal direction of the press-formed product, or the laser heat treatment is performed in the grid form over the entire outer surface of the press-formed product.
  • JP H07-119892 A discloses a high strength member, in which, in an effective width (a) from the tops of the corners K to both sides H of a high strength member, a heat treatment is applied locally.
  • JP 2004-114912 A discloses a formed member having excellent axial crush resistant characteristic, which has member corner parts which pass a central part in the direction of width of a member upper face and form a pair relative to a vertical face on an upper face and a plurality of sets of quenched hardened regions composed of each of a part of an upper face and a side face nipping the corner parts intermittently in the longitudinal direction of the member.
  • FR 2849059 A1 discloses a localized heat treatment of pressed metal components comprising induction heating to austenite temperature and brutal cooling, e.g. for motor vehicle components.
  • FIG 1 schematically illustrates the relationship between, when a cylindrical structural material receives a compressive load in the axial line direction (x direction) thereof, the compressive stress in the axial line direction ⁇ x and the compressive strain ⁇ x (the amount of deformation in the longitudinal direction with respect to the length in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical structural material).
  • ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , and ⁇ 3 in the figure represent peak stresses, and an area shown by oblique lines W represents the amount of energy absorbed by the structural material.
  • ⁇ 1 represents the initial peak stress.
  • structural materials for impact absorption there are structural materials that absorb impact energy during a crash (hereinafter, referred to as “structural materials for impact absorption") and structural materials that suppress the deformation thereof during a crash (hereinafter, referred to as structural materials for deformation suppression).
  • structural materials for impact absorption thereof require as high as possible an absorption energy amount W and require a relatively low initial peak stress ⁇ 1 .
  • the structural materials for deformation suppression require as high as possible an initial peak stress ⁇ 1 unlike the structural materials for impact absorption. This is because when the initial peak stress ⁇ 1 is increased, it is difficult for the structural materials to buckle even though a high stress is applied to the structural material. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a laser heat treatment on the structural materials for deformation suppression so as to increase the initial peak stress ⁇ 1 .
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a structural material which can sufficiently increase an ability to suppress deformation by performing a heat treatment on appropriate spots of an untreated structural material and thus locally hardening the structural material.
  • the inventors have examined, regarding a structural material having at least one bent portion which extends in one direction (for example, longitudinal direction), the relationship between an area (spot or amount) of an untreated structural material on which a heat treatment is performed, and an ability of a structural material after the heat treatment to suppress deformation, particularly, an initial peak stress.
  • the value of an elastic-plastic buckling stress ⁇ p,Cr corresponding to an initial peak stress ⁇ 1 of buckling can be obtained, and the volume fraction of a hardened area in an effective width area in which the elastic-plastic buckling stress ⁇ p,Cr is maximized can be appropriately determined. Accordingly, in a structural material for deformation suppression, a guideline for appropriate deformation suppression can be provided.
  • the cost of a heat treatment needed to enhance the ability of the structural material to suppress deformation can be optimized (reduced).
  • the volume fraction of the hardened area in the effective width can be appropriately determined from the characteristics values of the specimens without evaluating a structure.
  • the volume fraction of the hardened area in the effective width can be appropriately determined using as low a number of evaluations of the specimens as possible.
  • a heat treatment method of a structural material according the present invention will be described.
  • Z a heat treatment is performed on a structural material having a bent portion which extends in one direction of the structural material and has a bend in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction, and a hat-shaped cross-section including five flat portions which are arranged so that the cross-section thereof has a hat shape as illustrated in figure 14 .
  • a predetermined ratio that is, a part corresponding to a hardening ratio
  • an effective width that is, an effective width area
  • the rate of change in yield stress (yield strength) with respect to a ratio of the area in the effective width area, which is hardened by the heat treatment, (that is, the hardening ratio) varies depending on the hardening ratio, and the amount of change (a degree of change) of the rate of change in yield stress is greater than the amount of change (a degree of change) of the rate of change in flow stress with respect to the hardening ratio. Therefore, the work-hardening ratio of the effective width area needed to increase the initial peak stress of the structural material (an ability to suppress deformation) is influenced by the rate of change in the yield stress with respect to the hardening ratio.
  • the ability of the structural material to suppress deformation can be enhanced while reducing cost of the heat treatment.
  • the flow stress which is defined as the proof stress which is when 5% plastic strain occurs, is a stress that occurs at a time point at which a transition to flow deformation occurs by exceeding the elastic limit and after the time point.
  • the hardening ratio is described as a volume fraction.
  • the heat treatment method of a structural material according to the invention as shown in FIG. 15 , necessary data is input (used) (S1), the effective width for the bent portion is determined (S2), the range of the hardening ratio is determined on the basis of the rate of change in the yield stress with respect to the hardening ratio (S3), and the heat treatment is performed on the effective width area of the structural material so as to satisfy the range of the hardening ratio (S4).
  • the effective width can be determined, as described later, from various expressions derived from a definition expression for the effective width, Expression (14).
  • the range of the hardening ratio is determined using the rate of change in the yield stress with respect to at least one hardening ratio.
  • the rate of change in the yield stress with respect to a predetermined hardening ratio can be determined from a predetermined correlation (for example, an expression) as a parameter.
  • the range of the hardening ratio can be determined on the basis of the hardening ratio when the rate of change in the yield stress with respect to the hardening ratio satisfies a predetermined condition.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating an example of the structural material to which the heat treatment method of a structural material is applied.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a structural material in a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the structural material illustrated in FIG. 2 .
  • the structural material 10 includes flat portions 11 (11a to 11e) having flat sheet shapes extending in the longitudinal direction thereof and a plurality of bent portions 12 (12a to 12d) extending in the longitudinal direction between the flat portions 11. That is, as illustrated in FIG. 3 , the structural material 10 includes five flat portions 11a to 11e and four bent portions 12a to 12d provided between the flat portions 11a to 11e.
  • the structural material 10 is used as a part of the frame of a vehicle such as a car and is particularly used at a spot of which deformation needs to be suppressed when a car or the like crashes. Therefore, for example, when the frame of a vehicle is exemplified, it is preferable that the structural material 10 be used as a frame that is used to construct a cabin or the like.
  • the structural material 10 is used as a part of the frame of a vehicle such as a car, as shown by dot-dashed lines of FIGS. 2 and 3 , a member made by welding and joining the structural material 10 to a structural material 20 having a different flat sheet shape is used. Therefore, the flat portions 11a and 11e provided at both edge portions of the structural material 10 from among the five flat portions 11a to 11e of the structural material 10 are formed in flange shapes. When the structural material 10 is welded to the different structural material 20, the flat portions 11a and 11e are welded to the different structural material 20.
  • the structural material 10 has the five flat portions 11a to 11e and the four bent portions 12a to 12d provided between the flat portions 11a to 11e.
  • the structural material may have any shape as long as at least one bent portion which extends in one direction thereof (for example, longitudinal direction) and has a bend in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction is provided, and for example, may have cross-sectional shapes as illustrated in FIGS. 4A to 4C .
  • a structural material 10' includes four flat portions 11 and three bent portions 12 provided between the flat portions 11, and the flat portions 11 positioned at both ends in the cross-sectional shape thereof function as flanges for joining the structural material 10' to a structural material (not shown) having a different flat sheet shape.
  • a structural material 10" includes five flat portions 11 and four bent portions 12 provided between the flat portions 11, and the flat portions 11 positioned at both ends in the cross-sectional shape thereof function as flanges for joining the structural material 10" to a structural material (not shown) having a different flat sheet shape.
  • a structural material 10'" includes four flat portions 11 and four bent portions 12 provided between the flat portions 11 so as to have a quadrangular cross-section.
  • the structural material 10 may not extend linearly in the longitudinal direction, and for example, may be curved or bent as illustrated in FIG. 5 .
  • the direction along the curving and bending is referred to as the longitudinal direction. Therefore, in the example illustrated in FIG. 5 , the dot-dashed line Z in the figure represents the longitudinal direction of the structural material 10.
  • the flat portion means a part of the structural material of which the cross-section has a linear shape (band shape).
  • the bent portion means a part of the structural material having a line shape formed by intersection in the extending directions of two flat portions adjacent to each other in the cross-section of the structural material. Therefore, like flat portions 11a to 11e and bent portions 12a to 12d illustrated in FIG. 5 , cases where flat portions and bent portions are curved or bent in the longitudinal direction of a structural material are respectively included in flat portions and bent portions.
  • a heat treatment (here, a laser heat treatment as an example) is performed on a specific site of the untreated structural material 10 formed in the shape as described above.
  • a laser heat treatment device using a carbon dioxide laser, a YAG laser, a fiber laser, or the like is used.
  • the area is hardened into a depth of 10% or more of the sheet thickness from the surface irradiated with a laser light.
  • the depth in the sheet thickness direction of the area to be hardened by the laser heat treatment be controlled to be less than 90% of the sheet thickness from the surface irradiated with the laser light.
  • the effective width e is expressed by the following Expression (16) using the elastic modulus E, the Poisson's ratio v, and the thickness t of the thin sheet, and in particular, the effective width e may be expressed by Expression (17) when the yield stress ⁇ Y0 of the thin sheet is uniformly distributed.
  • e ⁇ t 12 1 ⁇ ⁇ 2 E ⁇ max
  • e ⁇ t 12 1 ⁇ ⁇ 2 E ⁇ Y 0
  • the effective width e expressed by the above Expressions (16) and (17) are theoretical values, and it is demonstrated that when the theoretical values are used, experimental results are significantly different from the yield phenomenon depending on the conditions. Therefore, in consideration of the theoretical results, the effective width e is defined by, for example, the following Expressions (18A) and (19).
  • ⁇ is a slenderness factor and is determined as in Expression (20) in the case where the yield stress ⁇ Y0 of the thin sheet is uniformly distributed in the parts having the effective width e.
  • k means a flat sheet buckling coefficient.
  • the area in each of the flat portions 11 that mainly receives the compressive load is an area of which the distance in the width direction from the bent portion 12 (that is, a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the structural material 10) is within the effective width e.
  • an area that is, the area having a bent portion of which the distance in the width direction from a certain bent portion is within the effective width e is referred to as an effective width area.
  • the effective width areas (effective width areas 15 in FIGS. 2 and 3 ) are shown by oblique lines in FIG. 2 and the entirety thereof is shaded in FIG. 3 .
  • the effective width of an untreated structural material having at least one bent portion as illustrated as the bent portions 12 (12a to 12d) of FIG. 3 is determined.
  • a heat treatment (here, a laser heat treatment as an example) is performed on a part of the effective width area determined as described above.
  • a heat treatment here, a laser heat treatment as an example
  • the ratio of the area on which the laser heat treatment to the effective width area is performed will be described.
  • FIG. 7 shows a true stress-true plastic strain curve of a steel sheet in a grade of a tensile strength of 440 MPa.
  • the work-hardening coefficient E h is expressed by the following Expression (21).
  • ⁇ p represents strain after the steel sheet yields (plastic strain)
  • ⁇ h represents stress when the plastic strain is ⁇ p .
  • ⁇ h is described as a stress when the plastic strain ⁇ p is 1%.
  • ⁇ h may be determined from the stress when the plastic strain ⁇ p is 1%.
  • Expression (22) represents the elastic-plastic buckling stress ⁇ p,Cr in a steel sheet as illustrated in FIG. 6A and does not represent the elastic-plastic buckling stress ⁇ p,Cr regarding a structural material having a polygonal cross-section as illustrated in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 8 shows true stress-true strain curves of an untreated steel sheet in a grade of a tensile strength of 440 MPa and the material of a steel sheet in a grade of a tensile strength of 440 MPa of which the entirety is subjected to a heat treatment (is quenched).
  • the solid line of FIG. 8 represents the true stress-true strain curve of the untreated steel sheet, and the broken line represents the true stress-true strain curve of the steel sheet after the heat treatment.
  • the work-hardening coefficient of the untreated steel sheet E h0 can be expressed by the following Expression (24) (see FIG. 9A ).
  • Expression (24) ⁇ Y0 represents the yield stress of the untreated steel sheet, ⁇ Y0 represents the true strain of the untreated steel sheet at the yield stress, ⁇ h0 represents a predetermined true strain greater than ⁇ Y0 , and ⁇ h0 represents the stress (corresponding to a flow stress described later) of the untreated steel sheet when the true strain is ⁇ h0 .
  • the work-hardening coefficient of the steel sheet after the heat treatment E hM can be expressed by the following Expression (25) (see FIG. 9B ).
  • ⁇ YM represents the yield stress of the steel sheet after the heat treatment
  • ⁇ YM represents the true strain of the steel sheet after the heat treatment at the yield stress
  • ⁇ hM represents a predetermined true strain greater than ⁇ YM
  • ⁇ hM represents the stress (corresponding to a flow stress described later) of the steel sheet after the heat treatment when the true strain is ⁇ hM .
  • the work-hardening coefficient of the steel sheet after the heat treatment E hM is greater than the work-hardening coefficient of the steel sheet before the heat treatment E h0 . Therefore, in the case where the heat treatment is performed on the entire steel sheet, the steel sheet after the heat treatment has a greater initial peak stress ⁇ 1 than that of the steel sheet before the heat treatment.
  • the steel sheet of which the entirety is subjected to the heat treatment has a greater initial peak stress ⁇ 1 .
  • the relationship between the ratio at which the heat treatment is performed on the steel sheet, that is, the ratio of an area which is hardened to a predetermined or higher hardness by the heat treatment (hereinafter, referred to as a hardened area) to the entire steel sheet and the initial peak stress is found to be unclear.
  • the inventors obtained the following knowledge as a result of examining the relationship between the volume fraction f M the work-hardening coefficient E h of the steel sheet after the partial hardening, and the initial peak stress ⁇ 1 when the volume fraction of the hardened area (hardening ratio) f M with respect to the entire steel sheet is changed from 0 to 100%.
  • the obtained knowledge will be described in detail.
  • the proof stress ⁇ h of the steel sheet when 5% of plastic strain occurs may be approximated by a substantially straight line with respect to the volume fraction f M . This is because when a certain degree of limited plastic strain is given to the entire steel sheet, substantially the same plastic strain is exerted on both the hardened area and the non-hardened area (an area of the steel sheet other than the hardened area, that is, an untreated area).
  • the proof stress ⁇ h of the steel sheet is proportionate to the volume fraction of the hardened area f M (the amount of change of the rate of change in the flow stress with respect to the hardening ratio is substantially 0) is performed, the relationship between the proof stress ⁇ h of the steel sheet and the volume fraction of the hardened area f M can be sufficiently and accurately expressed.
  • the yield stress ⁇ Y is approximated by a convex downward curve (for example, a quadratic function) other than a straight line
  • the yield stress ⁇ Y is more accurately expressed using the volume fraction of the hardened area f M .
  • the volume fraction of the hardened area f M is small, the characteristics of the non-hardened area having a relatively small yield stress becomes dominant in the yield phenomenon, and the entire yield stress becomes close to the yield stress of the non-hardened area (see Expression (27)).
  • the volume fraction of the hardened area f M increases by a certain degree, the influence of the characteristics of the hardened area increases when the yield phenomenon occurs.
  • ⁇ M 0
  • the work-hardening coefficient E h (f M ) can also be expressed as a quadratic function (a convex upward function of the volume fraction f M in a range of 0 to 1) of the volume fraction of the hardened area f M . Accordingly, as can be seen from FIG. 12 , the work-hardening coefficient E h (f M ) is maximized at a specific volume fraction f M-max .
  • the work-hardening coefficient E h (f M ) is higher than the work-hardening coefficient which is when the volume fraction of the hardened area f M is 1 (100%) depending on the volume fraction of the hardened area f M .
  • the initial peak stress when the volume fraction of the hardened area f M is f M-min to 1 becomes higher than or equal to the initial peak stress which is when the volume fraction of the hardened area f M is 1 (100%) (that is, when the heat treatment is performed on the entire effective width).
  • the laser heat treatment is used as the heat treatment for locally hardening a part of the steel sheet.
  • the amount of energy consumed increases as the treatment area increases, resulting in an increase in manufacturing cost. Accordingly, in terms of a reduction in manufacturing cost, it is preferable that an area on which the laser heat treatment be as narrow as possible.
  • the initial peak stress can be increased to be higher than or equal to the initial peak stress which is when the volume fraction of the hardened area f M is 1 (100%).
  • the minimum volume fraction f M-min is expressed by the following Expression (32).
  • the minimum volume fraction f M-min is 53.3%.
  • the work-hardening coefficient E h (f M ), that is, the initial peak stress is maximized at a specific volume fraction f M-max . Accordingly, in terms of increasing the initial peak stress while narrowing the area on which the laser heat treatment is performed, it is preferable that the volume fraction of the hardened area f M be controlled to be less than or equal to the volume fraction f M-max which is when the work-hardening coefficient E h (f M ) is maximized.
  • the volume fraction of the hardened area f M be controlled to be the volume fraction f M-max which is when the work-hardening coefficient E h (f M ) is maximized. Therefore, the volume fraction of the hardened area f M may be controlled to be the volume fraction f M-max (hereinafter, referred to as "maximum volume fraction") which is when the work-hardening coefficient E h (f M ) is maximized.
  • the maximum volume fraction f M-max is expressed by the following Expression (33).
  • the maximum volume fraction f M-max is 76.6%.
  • the constants b and ⁇ h also need to satisfy 0 ⁇ b ⁇ h and 0 ⁇ b ⁇ Y .
  • the relationship between the volume fraction of the hardened area f M described above and the initial peak stress or the work-hardening coefficient E h is a relationship obtained for a steel sheet, and is not a relation obtained for, for example, the structural material 10 having the shape as illustrated in FIG. 2 .
  • areas that mainly receive the compressive load is the effective width areas 15, and the effective width areas 15 can be assumed to be a steel sheet having a width of 2 ⁇ e. Therefore, the volume fraction of the hardened area f M in such an effective width area, that is, the ratio of an area in the effective width area on which a hardening treatment (for example, a laser heat treatment) is performed can be set by the method as described above.
  • the laser heat treatment is performed so that the volume fraction of the hardened area f M in each of the effective width areas 15 becomes higher than or equal to f M-min expressed by Expression (32) and less than or equal to f M-max expressed by Expression (33).
  • ⁇ hM , ⁇ h0 , ⁇ YM , and ⁇ Y0 are parameters
  • the initial peak stress of the structural material 10 can be increased while causing the area on which the laser heat treatment is performed to be small.
  • the volume fraction of the hardened area f M in each of the effective width areas 15 is controlled to be higher than or equal to f M-min and less than or equal to f M-max .
  • the volume fraction of the hardened area f M may also be controlled to be higher than or equal to f M-min and less than or equal to 1 (100%) or less than 1.
  • it may be determined that the volume fraction of the hardened area f M in each of the effective width areas 15 is set so that the work-hardening coefficient E h of each of the effective width areas 15 becomes equal to or higher than the work-hardening coefficient which is when the entire area of the effective width areas 15 is hardened by the laser heat treatment.
  • the volume fraction of the hardened area f M in each of the effective width areas 15 may also be controlled to be f M-max .
  • the minimum value of the volume fraction f M is determined on the basis of the rate of change of the yield stress ⁇ Y with respect to the volume fraction f M in the case where the volume fraction of the hardened area f M is 0, the rate of change (constant) is called b (S311), and the maximum value of the range of the volume fraction f M is determined to be less than or equal to 1 or less than 1 (S312), thereby the range of the volume fraction of the hardened area f M may be determined.
  • the maximum value of the range of the volume fraction f M may also be determined on the basis of the rate of change of the yield stress ⁇ Y with respect to the volume fraction f M in the case where the volume fraction of the hardened area f M is 0, the rate of change (constant) is called b (S313).
  • a method of determining the constant b for determining the range of the volume fraction of the hardened area f M described above will be described.
  • a tensile test is performed on three specimens of which the volume factions f M of the hardened areas of steel sheets are 0, 1, and an arbitrary value that is higher than 0 and less than 1 (for example, 0.5), the yield stresses ⁇ Y of the specimens are obtained, and the method of least squares is performed thereon, thereby the constants a, b, and c can be determined.
  • a tensile test is performed on two specimens of which the volume factions f M of the hardened areas of steel sheets are 0, and an arbitrary value that is higher than 0 and close enough to 0 (for example, 0.1), the yield stresses ⁇ Y of the specimens are obtained, and the constant b can be determined as the rate of increase in the yield stress ⁇ Y with respect to the volume faction of the hardened area f M .
  • the method of determining the constant b using the minimum number of pieces of data needed (the number of pieces of data of the yield stresses ⁇ Y ) as a simple method has been described.
  • the upper limit of the number of pieces of data is not particularly limited. As the number of pieces of data increases, the range of the volume fraction f M can be determined with higher precision.
  • the yield stress ⁇ Y and the proof stress ⁇ h can be measured by performing a tensile test according to JIS Z2241 on JIS No. 5 specimens (specimens) sampled from a steel sheet (no heat treatment and bending process) used as structural material.
  • specimens obtained by performing a predetermined heat treatment on the above specimens may be used.
  • the specimens may be heated to the A e3 point (A e3 temperature) or higher, and thereafter may be cooled to the M s point (M s temperature) or less at a cooling rate of higher than or equal to 10 °C/s, and preferably higher than or equal to 30 °C/s by cooling means such as water cooling and/or air cooling.
  • the tensile test described above may be performed on the above specimens which is performed a laser heat treatment in the longitudinal direction under the conditions corresponding to the abovementioned predetermined heat treatment.
  • the correspondence relationship between the volume fraction f M , the yield stress ⁇ YM , and the proof stress ⁇ hM may be determined.
  • the laser heat treatment (1 pass) may be repeatedly performed on one surface or both surfaces of the specimens in the longitudinal direction of the specimens while displacing the positions of the specimens in the width direction (a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction).
  • specimens on which a strain history corresponding to the bend-processed portion (bent portion) of the structural material before the heat treatment is applied may also be used.
  • the volume fraction of the hardened area f M can be determined by a method as follows. For example, the area of the hardened area in a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the specimen is measured, and the volume of the hardened area is obtained by multiplying the area by a length (total length) on which the laser heat treatment is performed, and the volume of the hardened area is divided by the total volume of the specimen, thereby the volume fraction of the hardened area f M can be obtained.
  • the area of the hardened area may be determined from a quenched structure observed with an optical microscope from the cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the specimen, and, according to the present invention, is determined by obtaining the Vickers hardness using a Vickers hardness tester as described later.
  • the relationship between the proof stress ⁇ h of the steel sheet and the volume fraction of the hardened area f M is expressed by a linear function
  • the relationship between the yield stress ⁇ Y of the steel sheet and the volume fraction of the hardened area f M is expressed by a quadratic function.
  • such functions may not be necessarily used.
  • the fact that the rate of change in the yield stress with respect to the volume fraction of the hardened area f M varies depending on the volume fraction of the hardened area f M and the amount of change (a degree of change) is greater than the amount of change (a degree of change) of the rate of change in flow stress with respect to the volume fraction of the hardened area f M may be used.
  • the relationship between the yield stress ⁇ Y of the steel sheet and the volume fraction of the hardened area f M may be expressed by an arbitrary function ⁇ Y (f M ), and the range of the volume fraction of the hardened area f M may be determined using the rate of change in the yield stress (in a case of a quadratic function, corresponding to the constant b) with respect to at least one hardening ratio.
  • the quadratic function is extended to a general function
  • the minimum volume fraction f M-min (other than 1) and the maximum volume fraction f M-max may be determined to satisfy the following Expressions (34) and (35).
  • ⁇ Y (f M ) can be expressed as a function including the constant b described above.
  • the relationship between the proof stress ⁇ h of the steel sheet and the volume fraction of the hardened area f M may be expressed by an arbitrary function ⁇ h (f M ).
  • the maximum volume fraction f M-max can be determined to satisfy the following Expression (36). [Formula 36] ⁇ ⁇ Y ⁇ M ⁇ ⁇ M
  • ⁇ M ⁇ M ⁇ max
  • the range of the volume fraction of the hardened area f M may be determined within the range of any of the following Expressions (37) to (40).
  • the work-hardening coefficient E h (the relationship between the volume fraction f M and the work-hardening coefficient E h ) is estimated or calculated on the basis of the range of change in the yield stress ⁇ Y with respect to the volume fraction of the hardened area f M (S301), and the range of the volume fraction f M may be determined so that the estimated or calculated work-hardening coefficient E h becomes higher than or equal to a predetermined value (S302).
  • the difference between the work-hardening coefficient E h in the case where the volume fraction f M is 1 and the work-hardening coefficient E h in the case where the volume fraction f M is f M-max is defined as ⁇ E h
  • an arbitrary value that is higher than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1 is defined as an improvement coefficient n
  • a value obtained by adding n ⁇ E h to the work-hardening coefficient E h in the case where the volume fraction f M is 1 may be determined as a predetermined value. Therefore, the predetermined value may be the work-hardening coefficient E h in the case where the volume fraction of the hardened area f M is 1.
  • a different index of work-hardening including the yield stress ⁇ Y as at least a variable may also be used.
  • the range of the volume fraction of the hardened area f M can be determined most simply.
  • the range of the volume fraction of the hardened area f M can be determined using the constant a instead of the constant b.
  • the constant a can be expressed using the constant b (the constant a is a dependent variable of the constant b), and thus it is assumed that the use of the constant a is the same as the use of the constant b.
  • the range of the volume fraction f M can be determined on the basis of the volume fraction f M which is when the rate of change in the yield stress ⁇ Y with respect to the volume fraction of the hardened area f M satisfies a predetermined condition. For example, upon considering that the work-hardening coefficient E h draws a convex downward curve with respect to the volume fraction of the hardened area f M , the volume fraction f M which is when the first order differential of the work-hardening coefficient E h expressed by the above Expression (21) with respect to volume fraction f M becomes 0, that is, the volume fraction (boundary hardening ratio) f M that satisfies the above Expression (36) may be determined as the maximum volume fraction f M-max .
  • the range of the volume fraction of the hardened area f M can be determined as, for example, a range that satisfies the above Expressions (37) to (41).
  • the minimum volume fraction f M-min (other than 1) can be determined using the above Expression (34).
  • ⁇ E h described above is determined from the minimum volume fraction f M-min and the maximum volume fraction f M-max determined by Expressions (34) and (36), and the range of the volume fraction f M may be determined using the improvement coefficient n described above so that the work-hardening coefficient E h is higher than or equal to a value obtained by adding n ⁇ E h to the work-hardening coefficient E h in the case where the volume fraction f M is 1.
  • the maximum volume fraction f M-max of the volume fraction f M is determined on the basis of the rate of change in the yield stress ⁇ Y with respect to the volume fraction of the hardened area f M (S321), the minimum value of the range of the volume fraction f M is determined as a value smaller than the maximum volume fraction f M-max by a predetermined value (S322), and the maximum value of the range of the volume fraction f M may be determined to be less than or equal to 1 or less than 1 (S323).
  • the maximum value of the range of the volume fraction f M may be determined to be a value greater than the maximum volume fraction f M-max by a predetermined value (S324).
  • the same function for example, a linear function such as a quadratic function
  • this range may be divided into a plurality of ranges and the different functions may also be used for each ranges.
  • the change in the rate of change in the yield stress ⁇ Y with respect to the volume fraction f M is used, in the case where the same function is used in the range in which the volume fraction is 0 to 1, the function in this range needs to be able to differentiated twice with respect to the volume fraction f M .
  • an interpolation function including a case where the interpolation function is linear (a graph of broken line)
  • various interpolation methods for example, spline interpolation
  • actual measurement data for example, 5 or more points
  • the same function for example, a linear function such as a linear function
  • this range may be divided into a plurality of ranges and different functions may also be used for each ranges.
  • the relationship between the proof stress ⁇ h of the steel sheet and the volume fraction of the hardened area f M be expressed by a linear function and the relationship between the yield stress ⁇ Y of the steel sheet and the volume fraction of the hardened area f M be expressed by a quadratic function.
  • ⁇ h (f M ) is defined as the proof stress which is when 5% of plastic strain occurs.
  • the plastic strain corresponding to the proof stress may not be necessarily limited to 5% and may not be 5% as long as it is greater than 0%.
  • ⁇ h (f M ) can also be defined as a proof stress which is when 1% of plastic strain occurs.
  • ⁇ h (f M ) represents the flow stress
  • ⁇ hM represents the flow stress of the hardened area
  • ⁇ h0 represents the flow stress of the non-hardened area (untreated structural material).
  • the flow stress may be a stress at a strain amount determined in a range which is greater than a strain amount (that is, the plastic strain is greater than 0) corresponding to the yield stress and smaller than a uniform elongation strain amount (for example, the maximum amount of nominal strain).
  • the flow stress be 5%.
  • the structural material 10 is locally heated and hardened by the laser heat treatment.
  • local hardening of the structural material 10 may not necessarily be performed by the laser heat treatment and may also be performed by another heat treatment.
  • the hardness of the area hardened by the heat treatment is higher than or equal to the reference hardness (Vickers hardness) Hv calculated by the following Expressions (45) and (46) when the carbon content of the structural material 10 which is a steel material is defined as C, the silicon content is defined as Si, the manganese content is defined as Mn, the nickel content is defined as Ni, the chromium content is defined as Cr, the molybdenum content is defined as Mo, the niobium content is defined as Nb, the vanadium content is defined as V.
  • the laser heat treatment is performed on the effective width areas 15 in the peripheries of the two bent portions 12b and 12c and the laser heat treatment is not performed on the effective width areas 15 in the peripheries of the two different bent portions 12a and 12d.
  • the laser heat treatment may also be performed on the effective width areas in the peripheries of the two different bent portions, or the laser treatment may be performed only on the effective width area 15 in the periphery of one bent portion of the two bent portions 12b and 12c.
  • the heat treatment may be performed on the effective width area including at least one bent portion at a volume fraction f M as described above.
  • the heat-treated structural material according to the present invention comprises flat portions having flat sheet shapes extending in a longitudinal direction of the structural material, a bent portion that extends in the longitudinal direction of the structural material between the flat portions and has a bend in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and a hat shaped cross-section including five flat portions which are arranged so that the cross-section thereof has a hat shape as illustrated in figure 14 .
  • the volume fraction of the above-described hardened area with respect to the above-described effective width areas is less than 1 and is included in the range of the volume fraction f M determined on the basis of the rate of change in the yield stress ⁇ Y with respect to the volume fraction f M .
  • the heat-treated structural material according to the present invention may exhibit a higher ability to suppress deformation than that according to the conventional technique while maintaining costs as low as possible.
  • the range of the volume fraction of the hardened area f M is determined on the basis of the rate of change in the yield stress ⁇ Y with respect to the volume fraction f M in the case where the value of the volume fraction f M is 0 as described above.
  • the range of the volume fraction f M is a range determined so that the work-hardening coefficient E h calculated on the basis of the rate of change in the yield stress ⁇ Y with respect to the volume fraction f M is higher than or equal to a predetermined value.
  • the predetermined value is preferably the value of the work-hardening coefficient E h in the case where the volume fraction f M is 1, and more preferably a value greater than the work-hardening coefficient E h in the case where the volume fraction f M is 1.
  • the range (lower limit) of the volume fraction of the hardened area f M be higher than or equal to the minimum volume fraction f M-min expressed by the above Expression (32).
  • the range (upper limit) of the volume fraction of the hardened area f M be lower than or equal to the maximum volume fraction f M-max expressed by the above Expression (33).
  • the flow stress is defined as a proof stress which is when 5% of plastic strain occurs.
  • the effective width e is defined by the above Expressions (15), and (18B) or the following Expression (47).
  • the finite element method may be used.
  • the hardened area (the area hardened by the heat treatment) is obtained by the same method as described above. That is, the hardened area according to the present invention, is "determined to be an area that has a hardness of higher than or equal to the Vickers hardness calculated by above Expressions (45) and (46).
  • the heat treatment be performed using a laser. The history of the heat treatment using the laser may be checked by observing the structure of the cross-section of the structural material.
  • a carbon dioxide laser was used, a laser output was controlled to 5 kW, and a heat treatment speed was controlled to 12 m/min. Moreover, a tensile test was performed on the 11 specimens to evaluate yield stresses and tensile stresses.
  • the yield stress of the non-hardened area ⁇ Y0 was determined as 301 MPa
  • the proof stress ⁇ h0 of the non-hardened area when a plastic strain ⁇ p of 0.05 (0.0537) was given was determined as 447 MPa.
  • the yield stress of the hardened area ⁇ YM was determined as 794 MPa
  • the proof stress ⁇ hM of the hardened area when a plastic strain ⁇ p of 0.05 (0.0537) was given was determined as 1017 MPa.
  • the yield stresses obtained from the 11 specimens were plotted with respect to the volume fractions, and the method of least squares using the above Expression (29) as a regression equation was applied to the plot, thereby determining the constant b as 350 MPa.
  • the method of least squares was performed on the three plots of the yield stress of the untreated specimen, the specimen having a volume fraction of 0.5 (50%), and the specimen having a volume fraction of 1 (100%), the same constant b was obtained.
  • the effective width e was 19.2 mm.
  • the flat sheet buckling coefficient k which is a coefficient in response to the sheet shape or the like was 4
  • the sheet width w was 60 mm
  • the sheet thickness t was 1.0 mm
  • the yield stress ⁇ Y0 was 301 MPa
  • the elastic modulus E was 180 GPa.
  • the average value (60 mm) of the height (50 mm) illustrated in FIG. 14 and the width (70 mm) of the top portion was used as a representative value.
  • the steel sheet BP ( FIG. 13A ) was subjected to a bending process, thereby manufacturing an untreated structural material 10 having a shape as illustrated in FIG. 13B .
  • the untreated structural material 10 includes five flat portions which are arranged so that the cross-section thereof has a hat shape as illustrated in FIG. 14 .
  • the lengths of sides in the vertical cross-section of the sides including the three flat portions 11 at the center were 50 mm, 70 mm, and 50 mm, respectively.
  • the untreated structural material 10 manufactured as such was spot-welded to a different structural material 20 having a flat sheet shape, thereby manufacturing a structural material assembly as illustrated in FIG. 13 .
  • Spot welding S was performed on the center in the width direction of the flat portions constituting flange portions at an interval of 30 mm in the longitudinal direction.
  • the distance from the end portion in the longitudinal direction (the end portion on a side on which an impact is inserted, hereinafter, referred to as "impact exertion side end portion") to the initial spot weld was 15 mm.
  • the laser heat treatment was performed in a plurality of passes in the longitudinal direction (tensile direction) of the specimens using the carbon dioxide laser.
  • the laser output was controlled to 5 kW, and the heat treatment speed was controlled to 12 m/min.
  • the laser output and the heat treatment speed in the laser heat treatment were controlled in the same manner in the following examples.
  • the laser heat treatment was performed over the entirety of an area of 19.2 mm from the bent portion shaded in black in FIG. 14 , that is, over the entirety of the effective width area. Therefore, in this case, the volume fraction of the hardened area with respect to the effective width area was 100%.
  • the structural material assembly was installed so that the longitudinal direction of the structural material assembly on which the laser heat treatment was performed as such was aligned with the vertical direction and the impact exertion side end portion thereof has an upward trend, and an impact test was performed by falling a falling weight of 300 kg positioned immediately thereon from a height of 2 m.
  • an impact test was performed on the structural material assembly on which the laser heat treatment was performed as such, and an initial peak reaction force and an initial peak stress were calculated on the basis of the test results.
  • the initial peak reaction force at this time was 150.6 kN, and the initial peak stress was 443.0 MPa.
  • substantially the same ability to suppress deformation to that of the test No. 1 can be obtained at lower cost than that of the test No. 1.
  • a higher ability to suppress deformation than that of the test No. 1 can be obtained at lower cost than that of the test No. 1.
  • the structural material By performing a heat treatment on appropriate spots of an untreated structural material to locally harden the structural material, the structural material having a sufficiently high ability to suppress deformation can be provided.

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Claims (7)

  1. Procédé de traitement thermique d'un matériau structurel (10) qui est un matériau en acier, comprend des portions planes (11) ayant des formes de feuilles planes s'étendant dans une direction longitudinale du matériau structurel (10), une portion courbée (12) qui s'étend dans la direction longitudinale du matériau structurel (10) entre les portions planes (11) et présente une courbure dans une direction perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale, et une section transversale en forme de chapeau incluant cinq portions planes qui sont disposées de sorte que la section transversale de celles-ci présente une forme de chapeau, le procédé de traitement thermique comprenant :
    la détermination d'une largeur effective (e) de la portion courbée (12) ;
    la définition d'une surface de largeur effective (15) comme une surface qui inclut la portion courbée (12) et dont une distance dans la direction perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale à partir de la portion courbée (12) se trouve dans la largeur effective (e) ;
    la définition d'un taux de durcissement fM comme un taux entre une surface qui est durcie par trempe par un traitement thermique dans la surface de largeur effective (15) et la surface de largeur effective (15),
    dans lequel la surface de la surface durcie est mesurée dans une section transversale perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale, et
    dans lequel, dans un cas où, en considérant les constituants chimiques contenus dans le matériau structurel (10), un pourcentage en masse de carbone est défini par C, un pourcentage en masse de silicium est défini par Si, un pourcentage en masse de manganèse est défini par Mn, un pourcentage en masse de nickel est défini par Ni, un pourcentage en masse de chrome est défini par Cr, un pourcentage en masse de molybdène est défini par Mo, un pourcentage en masse de niobium est défini par Nb, et un pourcentage en masse de vanadium est défini par V, la surface durcie par le traitement thermique est une surface qui présente une dureté supérieure ou égale à une dureté Vickers calculée par les expressions (45) et (46) suivantes, Hv = 0,8 950 C eq + 260
    Figure imgb0066
     C eq = C + 0.004 Si + 0.011 Mn + 0.02 Ni + 0.012 Cr + 0.016 Mo + 0.006 Nb + 0.0025 V
    Figure imgb0067
    la détermination d'un intervalle du taux de durcissement fM sur la base d'un taux de variation dans une limite d'élasticité σY par rapport au taux de durcissement fM ; et
    la réalisation du traitement thermique sur la surface de largeur effective (15) du matériau structurel (10) pour satisfaire l'intervalle du taux de durcissement fM,
    dans lequel la surface dans chacune des portions planes (11) qui reçoit principalement la charge compressive est une surface dont la distance dans la direction de largeur à partir de la portion courbée (12) se trouve dans la largeur effective (e) et la largeur effective (e) est définie par l'expression (15) suivante, e = 1 2 σ Y 0 ∫ 0 w σ x dw
    Figure imgb0068
     lorsque la valeur moyenne de la hauteur et la largeur de la portion de haut du matériau structurel (10) dans la section transversale en forme de chapeau est définie par w, une limite d'élasticité dans le cas où le taux de durcissement fM est égal à 0 est définie par σY0, et une contrainte à chaque position dans une direction de largeur perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale lorsqu'une contrainte à laquelle une contrainte maximale dans la direction longitudinale du matériau structurel (10) est σY0 est donnée dans la direction longitudinale est définie par σx,
    ou
    par l'Expression (18B) suivante, e = t 2 E σ Y 0 1.90 − t w E σ Y 0
    Figure imgb0069
     lorsqu'une dimension d'épaisseur est définie par t, un coefficient de Poisson est défini par v, un module élastique est défini par E, et une limite d'élasticité dans un cas où le taux de durcissement fM est égal à 0 est définie par σY0,
    ou
    par l'Expression (47) suivante,
    lorsqu'une dimension d'épaisseur est définie par t, un module élastique est défini par E, et une limite d'élasticité dans un cas où le taux de durcissement fM est égal à 0 est défini par σY0, e = t 1.052 E σ Y 0 1 − 0.44 t 1.052 w E σ Y 0
    Figure imgb0070
     et
    dans lequel le taux de variation est une valeur dans un cas où une valeur du taux de durcissement fM est égale à 0, et
    dans lequel, lorsqu'une différence entre une contrainte d'écoulement, qui est définie comme la limite apparente d'élasticité qui existe lorsqu'une contrainte plastique de 5 % apparaît, dans un cas où le taux de durcissement fM est égal à 1 et une contrainte d'écoulement dans le cas où le taux de durcissement fM est égal à 0 est définie par Δσh, une différence entre une limite d'élasticité dans le cas où le taux de durcissement fM est égal à 1 et une limite d'élasticité dans le cas où le taux de durcissement fM est égal à 0 est définie par ΔσY, et le taux de variation est défini par b, l'intervalle du taux de durcissement fM est supérieur ou égal à fM-min exprimé par l'Expression (32) suivante et inférieur à 1, et l'intervalle du taux de durcissement fM est éventuellement inférieur ou égal à fM-max exprimé par l'Expression (33) suivante, f M − min = Δσ h − Δσ Y Δσ Y − b
    Figure imgb0071
     f M − max = Δσ h − b 2 Δσ Y − b
    Figure imgb0072
    dans lequel le taux de variation est déterminé avec le procédé décrit dans la description.
  2. Procédé de traitement thermique selon la revendication 1,
    dans lequel un taux de durcissement limite fM auquel le taux de variation devient égal à un taux de variation dans la contrainte d'écoulement σh par rapport au taux de durcissement fM est déterminé par fM-max, et l'intervalle du taux de durcissement fM est déterminé sur la base du fM-max, et éventuellement
    dans lequel l'intervalle du taux de durcissement fM est déterminé dans un intervalle qui satisfait l'Expression (37) suivante, ou éventuellement
    dans lequel l'intervalle du taux de durcissement fM est déterminé pour être supérieur ou égal à un taux de durcissement fM-min, dans lequel le taux de durcissement fM-min est un taux de durcissement dans un cas où un coefficient d'écrouissage Eh est égal au coefficient d'écrouissage Eh lorsque le taux de durcissement fM est égal à 1, et inférieur à 1,
    0,5 f M − max ≤ f M < 1
    Figure imgb0073
  3. Procédé de traitement thermique selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le traitement thermique est réalisé en utilisant un laser.
  4. Procédé de traitement thermique selon la revendication 1, dans lequel un passage du traitement thermique est réalisé en continu sur la longueur entière de la direction longitudinale.
  5. Matériau structurel qui est un matériau en acier traité thermiquement selon le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 précédentes comprenant :
    des portions planes (11) ayant des formes de feuilles planes s'étendant dans une direction longitudinale du matériau structurel (10), une portion courbée (12) qui s'étend dans la direction longitudinale du matériau structurel (10) entre les portions planes (11) et présente une courbure dans une direction perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale, et une section transversale en forme de chapeau incluant cinq portions planes qui sont disposées de sorte que la section transversale de celles-ci présente une forme de chapeau,
    dans lequel, dans un cas où une surface qui inclut la portion courbée (12) et dont une distance dans une direction perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale à partir de la portion courbée (12) se trouve dans une largeur effective (e) est définie comme une surface de largeur effective (15) et un taux entre une surface qui est durcie par trempe par un traitement thermique dans la surface de largeur effective (15) et la surface de largeur effective est définie comme un taux de durcissement fM, le taux de durcissement fM est inférieur à 1 et est contenu dans un intervalle du taux de durcissement fM déterminé sur la base d'un taux de variation dans une limite d'élasticité σY par rapport au taux de durcissement fM, dans lequel la surface dans chacune des portions planes (11) qui reçoit principalement la charge compressive est une surface dont la distance dans la direction de largeur à partir de la portion courbée (12) se trouve dans la largeur effective (e) et la largeur effective (e) est définie par l'Expression (15) suivante, e = 1 2 σ Y 0 ∫ 0 w σ x dw
    Figure imgb0074
     lorsque la valeur moyenne de la hauteur et la largeur de la portion de haut du matériau structurel (10) dans la section transversale en forme de chapeau est définie par w, une limite d'élasticité dans le cas où le taux de durcissement fM est égal à 0 est définie par σY0, et une contrainte à chaque position dans une direction de largeur perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale lorsqu'une contrainte à laquelle une contrainte maximale dans la direction longitudinale du matériau structurel (10) est σY0 est donnée dans la direction longitudinale est définie par σx,
    ou
    par l'Expression (18B) suivante, e = t 2 E σ Y 0 1.90 − t w E σ Y 0
    Figure imgb0075
     lorsqu'une dimension d'épaisseur est définie par t, un coefficient de Poisson est défini par v, un module élastique est défini par E, et une limite d'élasticité dans un cas où le taux de durcissement fM est égal à 0 est définie par σY0,
    ou
    par l'Expression (47) suivante,
    lorsqu'une dimension d'épaisseur est définie par t, un module élastique est défini par E, et une limite d'élasticité dans un cas où le taux de durcissement fM est égal à 0 est définie par σY0, e = t 1.052 E σ Y 0 1 − 0.44 t 1.052 w E σ Y 0
    Figure imgb0076
     et
    dans lequel le taux de variation est une valeur dans un cas où une valeur du taux de durcissement fM est égale à 0, et
    dans lequel, lorsqu'une différence entre une contrainte d'écoulement, qui est définie comme la limite apparente d'élasticité qui existe lorsqu'une contrainte plastique de 5 % apparaît, dans un cas où le taux de durcissement fM est égal à 1 et une contrainte d'écoulement dans le cas où le taux de durcissement fM est égal à 0 est définie par Δσh, une différence entre une limite d'élasticité dans le cas où le taux de durcissement fM est égal à 1 et une limite d'élasticité dans le cas où le taux de durcissement fM est égal à 0 est définie par ΔσY, et le taux de variation est défini par b, l'intervalle du taux de durcissement fM est supérieur ou égal à fM-min exprimé par l'Expression (32) suivante et inférieur à 1, et l'intervalle du taux de durcissement fM est éventuellement inférieur ou égal à fM-max exprimé par l'Expression (33) suivante, f M − min = Δσ h − Δσ Y Δσ Y − b
    Figure imgb0077
     f M − max = Δσ h − b 2 Δσ Y − b
    Figure imgb0078
    dans lequel la surface de la surface durcie est mesurée dans une section transversale perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale, et
    dans lequel, dans un cas où, en considérant les constituants chimiques contenus dans le matériau structurel (10), un pourcentage en masse de carbone est défini par C, un pourcentage en masse de silicium est défini par Si, un pourcentage en masse de manganèse est défini par Mn, un pourcentage en masse de nickel est défini par Ni, un pourcentage en masse de chrome est défini par Cr, un pourcentage en masse de molybdène est défini par Mo, un pourcentage en masse de niobium est défini par Nb, et un pourcentage en masse de vanadium est défini par V, la surface durcie par le traitement thermique est une surface qui présente une dureté supérieure ou égale à une dureté Vickers calculée par les expressions (45) et (46) suivantes, Hv = 0,8 950 C eq + 260
    Figure imgb0079
     C eq = C + 0.004 Si + 0.011 Mn + 0.02 Ni + 0.012 Cr + 0.016 Mo + 0.006 Nb + 0.0025 V
    Figure imgb0080
    dans lequel le taux de variation est déterminé avec le procédé décrit dans la description.
  6. Matériau structurel traité thermiquement selon la revendication 5,
    dans lequel l'intervalle du taux de durcissement fM se trouve dans un intervalle déterminé de sorte qu'un coefficient d'écrouissage Eh calculé sur la base du taux de variation est supérieur ou égal à un coefficient d'écrouissage Eh dans un cas où le taux de durcissement fM est égal à 1.
  7. Matériau structurel traité thermiquement selon la revendication 5,
    dans lequel le traitement thermique est réalisé en utilisant un laser.
EP11820051.8A 2010-08-27 2011-08-26 Procédé pour le traitement thermique d'un matériau de structure et matériau de structure traité thermiquement Active EP2610355B1 (fr)

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CN107907409B (zh) * 2017-11-10 2023-01-03 中国地质大学（武汉） 一种确定岩石起裂应力的方法、设备及存储设备
EP3867127B8 (fr) * 2018-10-15 2024-08-28 Autotech Engineering, S.L. Profil pour une poutre structurelle d'un véhicule

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JPH06246303A (ja) * 1993-03-01 1994-09-06 Aichi Steel Works Ltd アングル材及びチャンネル材の局部加熱式製造方法
JPH07119892A (ja) * 1993-10-27 1995-05-12 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 強度部材
JPH08183473A (ja) * 1994-12-28 1996-07-16 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 車両用強度部材
US6942262B2 (en) * 2001-09-27 2005-09-13 Shape Corporation Tubular energy management system for absorbing impact energy
JP2003335266A (ja) * 2002-05-17 2003-11-25 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 車体骨格フレームの補強構造
JP2004114912A (ja) * 2002-09-27 2004-04-15 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 耐軸圧潰特性に優れた成形部材
FR2849059B1 (fr) * 2002-12-23 2005-08-19 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Procede et dispositif de traitement thermique local d'une piece metallique et piece metallique obtenue par un tel procede.
US6820924B2 (en) * 2003-01-13 2004-11-23 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method of improving impact absorbing and deformation control characteristics of vehicle components
JP4969827B2 (ja) * 2005-10-19 2012-07-04 富士重工業株式会社 車体前部構造
CN1834268B (zh) * 2006-02-27 2010-08-04 天津市特种设备监督检验技术研究院 球形容器局部热处理残余热应力控制方法
JP2007062733A (ja) * 2006-10-18 2007-03-15 Kikuchi Co Ltd 車体用部品及びその高周波焼入れ方法
DE102007024797A1 (de) * 2007-05-26 2008-11-27 Linde + Wiemann Gmbh Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Profilbauteils, Profilbauteil und Verwendung eines Profilbauteils
JP5119477B2 (ja) * 2008-05-30 2013-01-16 新日鐵住金株式会社 耐座屈性に優れた車両用耐衝突補強材及びその製造方法

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TWI498765B (zh) 2015-09-01
EP2610355A1 (fr) 2013-07-03
CN103069021B (zh) 2014-06-04
WO2012026591A1 (fr) 2012-03-01
CN103069021A (zh) 2013-04-24
EP2610355A4 (fr) 2017-08-30
JP5130498B2 (ja) 2013-01-30
TW201220110A (en) 2012-05-16
JPWO2012026591A1 (ja) 2013-10-28

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