EP2602006B1 - Verfahren zum Löschen eines Brandes in einem umschlossenen Raum sowie Feuerlöschanlage - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Löschen eines Brandes in einem umschlossenen Raum sowie Feuerlöschanlage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2602006B1
EP2602006B1 EP11191891.8A EP11191891A EP2602006B1 EP 2602006 B1 EP2602006 B1 EP 2602006B1 EP 11191891 A EP11191891 A EP 11191891A EP 2602006 B1 EP2602006 B1 EP 2602006B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
extinguishing
enclosed room
extinguishing gas
fire
flooding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11191891.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2602006A1 (de
Inventor
Ernst-Werner Wagner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Amrona AG
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Amrona AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to PL11191891T priority Critical patent/PL2602006T3/pl
Application filed by Amrona AG filed Critical Amrona AG
Priority to PT111918918T priority patent/PT2602006T/pt
Priority to EP11191891.8A priority patent/EP2602006B1/de
Priority to ES11191891.8T priority patent/ES2623531T3/es
Priority to PCT/EP2012/070483 priority patent/WO2013083324A1/de
Priority to RU2014127541/12A priority patent/RU2605681C2/ru
Priority to US14/360,757 priority patent/US9707423B2/en
Priority to CN201280059671.4A priority patent/CN103974748B/zh
Priority to CA2853296A priority patent/CA2853296C/en
Priority to AU2012348768A priority patent/AU2012348768B2/en
Publication of EP2602006A1 publication Critical patent/EP2602006A1/de
Priority to ZA2014/03558A priority patent/ZA201403558B/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2602006B1 publication Critical patent/EP2602006B1/de
Priority to US15/596,749 priority patent/US10052509B2/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • A62C37/04—Control of fire-fighting equipment with electrically-controlled release
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/002—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for warehouses, storage areas or other installations for storing goods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/58—Pipe-line systems
    • A62C35/68—Details, e.g. of pipes or valve systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for extinguishing a fire in an enclosed space, in which the enclosed space is flooded with extinguishing gas at least until a extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration sets in the flooding area.
  • the invention further relates to a fire extinguishing system for extinguishing a fire in an enclosed space by controlled flooding of the closed space with an extinguishing gas, wherein the fire extinguishing system at least one extinguishing gas source for providing an extinguishing gas, an extinguishing gas supply line, via which the provided by the at least one extinguishing gas source extinguishing gas to the enclosed Room can be supplied, and a control device for setting a per unit time the enclosed space supplied quenching gas.
  • Such fire extinguishing systems are known in principle from the prior art see, for example EP 1 911 498 A1 , and consist essentially of at least one extinguishing gas container with gaseous, liquefied under pressure or with a pressure pad liquid stored extinguishing agent supply, the necessary valves and a pipeline network in the protected area (enclosed space) appropriately distributed nozzles.
  • quenching gas gaseous extinguishing agents
  • oxygen-displacing gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, noble gases (eg argon) and mixtures thereof (eg argonites, Inergen) application.
  • extinguishing gases extinguish fires by essentially displacing atmospheric oxygen from the fire.
  • Halogenated hydrocarbons eg HFC227ea and FK-5-1-12 are also used as extinguishing agents in fire extinguishing systems. The extinguishing effect of these quenching gases is based on a chemical-physical principle.
  • gaseous extinguishing agent penetrate the flooding area quickly and uniformly, so that within a very short time results in a spatial protective effect. After successful extinguishment, it may be necessary to maintain the quenching gas concentration to avoid flashbacks until hot surfaces have cooled sufficiently, deep-seated fires are extinguished, or the components under electrical energy are shut off.
  • both extinguishing gas concentrations of different extents and oxygen concentrations of different concentrations may be used in a fire-fighting operation. These different concentrations also cause a different threat to persons possibly present in the hazardous area (enclosed space).
  • the table below shows, for example, the toxicity parameters for some of the extinguishing gases currently used in fire extinguishing systems. These toxicity parameters determine which hazard class the fire extinguishing system is classified in.
  • NOAEL non-observed adverse effect level
  • LOAEL lowest observed adverse effect level
  • LBK Life-threatening Concentration
  • the amount of extinguishing gas required for the individual flooding area for room and equipment protection depends on the extinguishing gas used on the one hand and the fires, ie the substances that are on fire or can get advised, on the other hand from.
  • the corresponding extinguishing extinguishing gas and oxygen concentrations are given as an example for different devices for the extinguishing gas carbon dioxide.
  • the extinguishing gas concentration required for a sufficient extinguishing effect may possibly be life-threatening for persons who may be in the extinguishing area.
  • suitable protective measures must be taken to be able to immediately evacuate the hazardous areas in case of fire and flooding with extinguishing gas and to prevent persons from entering the extinguishing gas flooding.
  • VdS guideline 3518 (as of 07/2006) and BGI 888 (as of 01/2004) alarming devices and delay devices with sufficient time delay must be provided for in person-occupied, endangered areas, which allow leaving the protected area without undue haste.
  • Suitable alarm devices are acoustic and optionally optical devices in order to ensure in a fire the alarm and warning of anyone in the deletion area or danger area if necessary.
  • Fire extinguishing systems in which persons can be endangered by a flooding of the extinguishing area must also be equipped with so-called deceleration devices.
  • deceleration devices Depending on the hazard class of the fire extinguishing system electrical or non-electrical, ie mechanical or pneumatic deceleration devices can be used.
  • Delay devices are to ensure that flooding of the extinguishing area only takes place after the alarm devices have been triggered and a preset warning time has expired.
  • the pre-warning time set must be such that the extinguishing area or hazardous area can be left from any location without hurry. According to VdS guideline 3518 (as of 07/2006) and BGI 888 (as of 01/2004), the early warning time must be at least 10 seconds. Accordingly, depending on the hazard class, the fire extinguishing systems must allow time-delayed flooding with advance warning time.
  • the pre-warning time must be effective at each automatic or manual triggering of the fire ex
  • Fig. 1a the time profile of the extinguishing agent concentration is shown in known from the prior art and become effective with early warning fire extinguishing systems.
  • Fig. 1B The time evolution of the oxygen concentration in the extinguishing area is shown accordingly.
  • time t 0 represents the time of fire detection in the deletion area.
  • the time period t 0 -t 1 expresses the system-related delay of the fire-extinguishing system. Without the use of a delay device, the flooding, ie the actual introduction of the extinguishing gas into the enclosed space, would start at time t 1 . Since, as already stated, a time-delayed flooding with prewarning time must take place for reasons of personal protection, no extinguishing gas flows out into the enclosed space at time t 1 .
  • the time interval t 1 -t 2 designates the pre-warning time set, ie the time between the beginning of the alarming at time t 1 and the start of the release of the extinguishing gas.
  • This warning time must be at least 10 seconds, but must not be longer than the time necessary for a safe evacuation.
  • the gaseous extinguishing agent is released, as a result, the quenching gas concentration in the room atmosphere of the enclosed space steadily increases and the oxygen concentration decreases accordingly.
  • the extinguishing concentration a is reached.
  • This extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration is also referred to in the fire protection technology as "design concentration".
  • the build-up bleeding of the enclosed area ends at time t 4 , namely when the maximum extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space has been reached. Accordingly, the time interval t 2 -t 3 designates the set-up time for the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration and the time period t 2 -t 4 the total flooding time of the build-up leaching. If - as in the FIGS.
  • fire extinguishing systems that use a gaseous extinguishing agent must be dimensioned in accordance with the VdS Guidelines VdS 2380, VdS 2381 and VdS 2093 in such a way that within the extinguishing area within 10, 60 or 120 seconds after the time of extinguishing agent release in the entire enclosed space the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration has built up.
  • This requirement can be realized only with appropriately sized fire extinguishing systems. Accordingly, in larger rooms, such as warehouses, etc., fire extinguishing systems with gaseous extinguishing agents as space protection systems can only be realized with relatively high investment.
  • the present invention has the object, a method or a fire extinguishing system of the type mentioned in that the effectively available construction time for the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration can be extended without possibly located in the enclosed space people to endanger.
  • the invention by dividing the time interval between the time of response of at least one alarm device and the time of reaching a maximum extinguishing gas concentration in a Vorflutungsphase and a main flooding phase, it is possible to flooding the enclosed
  • the per unit time introduced into the enclosed space extinguishing gas quantity is chosen such that a personal hazard can be excluded.
  • the invention provides that throughout the Vorflutungsphase the extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space does not exceed a specified or specifiable value for the used extinguishing gas, said predetermined or predetermined value is below the critical for the used extinguishing gas NOAEL value.
  • the time between the time of the response of the alarm device and the beginning of the main flooding phase corresponds to the usual in the fire protection prewarning and is such that the enclosed space can be left from any location without haste.
  • the so-called main flooding phase within which the enclosed space is flooded with extinguishing gas until the maximum extinguishing gas concentration is reached.
  • the solution according to the invention can achieve the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space at an earlier point in time compared to conventional installations in which a time-delayed one Flooding with early warning takes place. Accordingly, the fire extinguishing system can be made smaller for a given space, without the risk that the VdS directive maximum time of 10, 60 or 120 seconds to reach the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration can not be met.
  • the solution according to the invention makes it possible for the amount of extinguishing gas introduced into the enclosed space during the entire flooding time to be lower in comparison to fire extinguishing systems in which a time-delayed flooding takes place since the time available for flooding the room becomes longer in the solution according to the invention is. Accordingly, the solution according to the invention is particularly suitable for applications in which "gentle flooding" of the enclosed space is desired. This is the case, for example, if the enclosed space is not or can be equipped with a sufficiently large pressure relief.
  • the solution according to the invention allows a gentle flooding, so that the pressure relief valves, with which the enclosed space for the purpose of pressure relief and to avoid damage due to excessive pressure when introducing the quenching gas must be provided, can be made smaller. This also reduces the cost and effort when a room with a fire extinguishing system is to be provided as a room protection system.
  • this flooding is carried out such that the extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space depends on one another at the latest by the predetermined time is the predetermined or determinable value of the fire load of the enclosed space. This ensures that effective firefighting takes place within the enclosed space no later than the pre-determined date.
  • the time of the extinguishing agent release for initiating the Vorflutungsphase coincides with that time, which corresponds to the triggering of the optical and / or acoustic alarm device. This ensures in particular that the maximum possible time is carried out by warning or alarming the persons in the enclosed space while simultaneously building up the pre-flooding concentration. By simultaneously alerting the persons and initiating the pre-flooding phase by introducing the extinguishing agent, no time is lost, so that an effective fire fighting is given with regard to the structure of the total extinguishing agent concentration.
  • the predefined time which defines the end of the pre-flooding phase and the beginning of the main flooding phase, is selected such that this pre-warning time specified in VdS guideline 3518 (as of 07/2006) or BGI 888 (as of 01/2004) corresponds, is so dimensioned that may be located in the enclosed space people can leave the room from any location without haste.
  • the predetermined time is selected such that the pre-flooding phase is at least 10 seconds. This measure ensures the protection of persons required in VdS guideline 3518 (as of 07/2006) and BGI 888 (as of 01/2004).
  • the predetermined or specifiable value for the used extinguishing gas which may not exceed the quenching gas concentration during the entire Vorflutungsphase, corresponds to an oxygen concentration, which still allows free accessibility of the enclosed space.
  • the subdivision according to the invention of the period between the alarming and the achievement of the maximum extinguishing gas concentration into a pre-flooding phase and a subsequent main flooding phase does not necessarily mean that the flooding course, ie the temporal evolution of the extinguishing gas concentration in the room atmosphere of the enclosed space, from the time of the beginning of the main flooding phase has a kink.
  • the quenching gas introduced during the Vorwutungsphase per unit time in the enclosed space is the same size as that during the Hauptwutungsphase per unit time in the enclosed space introduced quenching gas.
  • the extinguishing gas concentration in the room atmosphere of the enclosed space continuously increases without changing the slope of the flooding curve.
  • the solution according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the flooding can take place more gently overall, ie the amount of extinguishing gas introduced per unit of time into the enclosed space is lower than in the conventional solutions. This in turn makes it possible to equip the enclosed space with smaller pressure relief flaps.
  • the extinguishing gas introduced into the enclosed space during the pre-flooding phase has a different chemical composition compared to the chemical composition of the extinguishing gas introduced into the enclosed space during the main flooding phase. So it is conceivable, for example, during the Vorflutungsphase, ie during that phase corresponding to the prewarning, within which the people in the enclosed space must leave the room to initiate a quenching gas or quenching gas mixture in the enclosed space, which other toxicity characteristics in Compared to the quenching gas or quenching gas mixture which is introduced during the main flooding phase.
  • the extinguishing gas introduced into the enclosed space during the pre-flooding phase is nitrogen-enriched air, which is generated directly on site with the aid of a nitrogen generator. Since conventional nitrogen generators are usually not designed to within a very short time, the quenching gas use amount, i. To provide the required amount of quenching gas to achieve the design concentration, at least the quenching gas, which is introduced during the main flooding phase in the enclosed space, should be kept in, for example, in gas cylinders.
  • the quenching gas concentration in the enclosed space is maintained at the predetermined or determinable value during a first hold flooding phase, the first hold flooding phase being a period of time between the time of Completion of the pre-flooding phase and a pre-determined time or manually definable date.
  • a first holding flooding phase adjoining the flooding phase within which the extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space is maintained at a value which is below the NOAEL value critical for the employed extinguishing gas by tracking, optionally by controlled feeding of extinguishing gas ,
  • the predetermined or definable value at which the extinguishing gas concentration is maintained during this first retaining flooding phase is preferably to be selected as a function of the fire load of the enclosed space.
  • the retention of the extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space at the predetermined or determinable value during the first retaining flooding phase is performed only when the checking of the state of the enclosed space is automatically verified, in particular with the help of at least one fire detector, and / or manually, in particular by operating a corresponding switch, that after the completion of the pre-flooding phase in the enclosed space there is no fire.
  • the corresponding retaining flooding is carried out during the first retaining flooding phase at the value which is below the NOAEL value critical for the employed extinguishing gas only if there is no fire at the end of the flooding phase in the enclosed space Brand more present. If a fire is detected instead, then the main quenching phase can continue to follow the first retaining flooding phase.
  • the point in time which marks the end of the first retaining flooding phase can in this case be determined in advance or determined later manually.
  • the method according to the invention has a further method step, according to which an extinguishing gas is supplied to the enclosed space by initiating an extinguishing agent release during a main flooding phase until the extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space reaches a predetermined or definable target concentration, the fixed or definable target concentration at least equal to an extinguishing gas concentration dependent on the fire load of the enclosed space.
  • the main flooding phase corresponds to a period of time between the predetermined time point at the end of the pre-flooding phase and the time at which the target concentration is reached.
  • a second retaining flooding phase adjoining the main flooding phase within which the extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space is always kept above the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration by controlled feeding of quenching gas.
  • the hold flooding time i. the time interval between the end of the build-up bleeding and the time of the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration (end of the holding flooding) is preferably to be selected so that the materials contained in the enclosed space have cooled sufficiently or no glowing nests are present in order to re-ignite to be effectively prevented after falling below the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration.
  • the fire load of the enclosed space i.
  • the inflammability of the substances in the enclosed space is the retention time of up to several minutes.
  • Analogous to the predetermined time or manually definable time of the end of the first Garfluntungsphase it is also conceivable for the time of the end of the second retaining wave phase, manually set this time. This can be done in particular in the form of a manual reset.
  • the end of the second retaining flooding phase is manually specified when it has been determined that, for example, the materials located in the enclosed space have cooled sufficiently.
  • maximum quenching gas concentration is meant the quenching gas concentration which at the end of the build-up bleed in the enclosed space is present.
  • this maximum extinguishing gas concentration is at least as great as the so-called extinguishing-active extinguishing gas concentration, which is the extinguishing gas concentration required for extinguishing success and which is also referred to in the art as "design concentration”.
  • the optical and / or acoustic alarm device is provided in order to ensure that the persons who are possibly located in the enclosed space leave the hazardous area within the pre-flooding phase.
  • the alarm device which is triggered at the same time as the beginning of the flooding of the enclosed space, thus serves to warn the persons who may be in the enclosed space.
  • the beginning of the flooding of the enclosed space or the time of the alarm system-related usually is not identical to the time of the response of a fire detection device or the operation of a manual release.
  • there may be a system-related delay which is conditioned by the plant and usually takes a few milliseconds to seconds.
  • the solution according to the invention is provided in a preferred embodiment that the enclosed space is preferably monitored continuously or at predetermined times or events with regard to the occurrence of at least one fire parameter , wherein the flooding of the enclosed space is initiated with a quenching gas as soon as at least one fire characteristic is detected.
  • the enclosed space is preferably monitored continuously or at predetermined times or events with regard to the occurrence of at least one fire parameter , wherein the flooding of the enclosed space is initiated with a quenching gas as soon as at least one fire characteristic is detected.
  • an aspirative fire detection system is suitable for fire detection, in which preferably at least one representative air sample is taken from the enclosed space, which is analyzed with regard to the presence of fire characteristics.
  • mechanically acting fire detection elements are called Schmelzlotterler and thermal isolators.
  • An example of a pneumatically acting fire detection element is a heat sensor.
  • Electrically effective fire detection elements include, for example, rod temperature sensors.
  • At least one sensor is provided for detecting the oxygen content in the ambient air atmosphere of the enclosed space
  • the control device is designed to adjust the amount of extinguishing gas supplied per unit time to the enclosed space depending on the detected oxygen content, at least during the Vorflutungsphase.
  • control device is designed, at least during the Vorflutungsphase set the per unit time the space supplied quenching gas in dependence on the detected oxygen content, can be ensured in an easy to implement yet effective manner that already in the initial period between the time of onset the alarming and the predetermined time an inerting in the enclosed space is set, which corresponds to the predetermined or predeterminable extinguishing gas concentration.
  • a first triggering device is triggered by means of which a first quenching gas source with the enclosed space is connectable
  • a second Triggering device is triggered by means of which in addition to the first extinguishing gas source or instead of the first extinguishing gas source, a second extinguishing gas source is connectable to the enclosed space.
  • extinguishing gas sources are especially extinguishing gas storage tank in question, such as compressed gas tank in which the required extinguishing gas stock quantity is kept.
  • a quenching gas source and in particular as a first quenching gas source, which provides the quenching gas introduced during the flooding phase, also a nitrogen generator in question, which provides at its output with nitrogen-enriched air, which can be used as quenching gas.
  • a nitrogen generator in question which provides at its output with nitrogen-enriched air, which can be used as quenching gas.
  • a common extinguishing gas source which provides both the extinguishing gas required for the pre-flooding phase and for the main flooding phase.
  • This common extinguishing gas source should be connectable via a suitable valve device with the enclosed space, wherein the valve device can be controlled such that it is partially opened during the Vorflutungsphase partially and during the main flooding phase preferably.
  • triggering device means a device of mechanical, pneumatic or electrical nature for triggering the extinguishing gas source and in particular the container and / or range valves, if compressed gas containers are used as extinguishing gas source, in which the quenching gas supply quantity is kept.
  • triggering is to be understood as meaning the opening of the container valves and, if present, the range valves in the case of extinguishing gas storage containers or the switching on of an inert gas generator, if this is used as the extinguishing gas source.
  • the flooding of the enclosed space can be interrupted with inert gas or even completely stopped during the Vorflutungsphase if necessary.
  • a stop or emergency stop button is provided which is connected to the control device of the fire extinguishing system such that upon actuation of the stop or emergency stop button, the flooding of the enclosed space during the Vorwutungsphase for predetermined time is interrupted or completely aborted.
  • the interruption or complete cancellation of the flooding during the Vorflutungsphase is done automatically, for example if it is determined via a sensor that there is a false alarm or the flooding of the room is due to other reasons.
  • Fig. 1a the flooding course of a conventional fire extinguishing system is shown, ie the temporal evolution of the extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space, in which a time-delayed flooding takes place with early warning.
  • Fig. 1a compared to the time the set in the enclosed space extinguishing gas concentration shown.
  • Fig. 1a shows the time evolution of the oxygen concentration in the enclosed space, if this, as in Fig. 1a shown, flooded.
  • CO 2 serves as a quenching gas.
  • the time t 0 denotes the time of the response of a fire detection device or the time of actuation of a manual release, if this is provided.
  • the response of an alarm device for warning persons located in the extinguishing area or danger zone at the time t 1 is generally delayed plant or system due to the time t 0 of the response of the fire detection device slightly delayed. Since in fire extinguishing systems, which can be endangered by a flooding of the extinguishing area people must be equipped with deceleration facilities, found in the in Fig. 1a shown flooding course a time-delayed flooding with prewarning instead.
  • the time interval between the time t 1 (response of the alarm device) and the time t 2 (release of the gaseous extinguishing agent) designates the prewarming time to be provided for reasons of personal safety, which must be such that the extinguishing area or the enclosed space of each Anywhere from without hurry can be left. According to VdS Guidelines 3518 (as of 07/2006) or BGI 888 (as of 01/2004), this warning time must be at least 10 seconds.
  • Fig. 1a begins at the in Fig. 1a shown example known from the prior art, the build-up only at time t 2 , since only at this time the gaseous extinguishing agent may be released.
  • the extinguishing agent concentration increases from the time t 2 relatively quickly and reached at time t 4, the maximum extinguishing gas concentration b.
  • An extinguishing active extinguishing gas concentration a is already present at time t 3 .
  • the time interval t 2 -t 3 is referred to as the build-up time for the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration and the time period t 2 -t 4 as the flooding time of the build-up leaching.
  • the maximum quenching gas concentration b is reached. This time thus marks the end of the build-up leaching. Since at the in Fig. 1a shown flooding course no holding flooding is provided, the extinguishing gas concentration decreases continuously from the time t 4 , which is due to leaks in the enclosure of the enclosed space. As a result, the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration a at time t 6 is exceeded.
  • the time interval between the time t 4 (end of the build-up bleeding) and the time t 6 (falling below the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration) should be long enough so that the substances located in the enclosed space have cooled sufficiently and a re-ignition can be prevented.
  • the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration a must be reached within 10, 60 or 120 seconds after extinguishing agent release.
  • this requirement can only be realized with relatively high effort.
  • conventional fire extinguishing systems must be dimensioned such that they can bring the required to achieve the löschwirksem concentration a extinguishing gas amount in the enclosed space within the delayed period t 2 -t 3 .
  • Fig. 1b is the temporal evolution of the oxygen concentration in the enclosed space (here: computer room) shown when the enclosed space, as in Fig. 1a shown, flooded.
  • the oxygen concentration in the enclosed space is at a constant value (20.9% by volume) until time t 2 , which corresponds to the average oxygen content in the ambient air. Since at the in Fig. 1a Shown the build-up of blood until the time t 2 , falls in the presentation according to Fig. 1b only from this point in time does the oxygen concentration decrease and reach relatively quickly at the time t 4 a minimum value of 11.2 vol .-%. Since at the in Fig. 1a shown flooding course no holding flooding is provided, the oxygen concentration increases continuously from the time t 4 , as ambient air penetrates through leaks in the space envelope of the enclosed space.
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b shows Fig. 2a the course of flooding, ie the development over time of the extinguishing gas concentration in the room atmosphere of the enclosed space in a fire extinguishing system according to an exemplary embodiment of the solution according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2b the corresponding temporal evolution of the oxygen concentration in the indoor air atmosphere of the enclosed space is shown.
  • the time points t 0 , t 1 , t 2 , t 3 , t 4 , t 5 and t 6 indicated on the time axis (abscissa axis) have the same meaning as the corresponding points in time Fig. 1a , On the ordinate axis, which in Fig.
  • a time-delayed flooding does not take place according to teachings of the present invention, a time-delayed flooding. Rather, already at time t 1 (response of the alarm device) extinguishing gas is introduced into the enclosed space. In this respect, the extinguishing gas concentration in the ambient air atmosphere of the enclosed space begins to increase already at time t 1 . In order nevertheless to be able to exclude a risk of people who may possibly be in the enclosed space at the beginning of the flooding (time t 1 ), it is provided according to the invention that the extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space within a warning time ending at time t 2 is sufficient for the used extinguishing gas does not exceed predetermined or predeterminable value a 0 . This predetermined or specifiable limit value a 0 must not exceed the NOAEL value critical for the extinguishing gas used and is preferably below this NOAEL value.
  • the limit value a 0 depends on the fire load of the enclosed space 6, ie it is dependent on the fire load of the enclosed space fixable or predeterminable.
  • the predetermined or predefinable limit value a 0 is set up at the latest at the time t 2 at which the prewarning period ends.
  • the prewarning time which corresponds to the time span t 1 -t 2 , is dimensioned such that the extinguishing area, ie the enclosed space, can be left from any point, so that the evacuation of the enclosed space is ensured at the time t 2 .
  • the time t 1 In order not to lose time in this case corresponds to the time in which the audible and / or optionally the visual alarm is triggered, the time t 1 , from which the extinguishing gas is introduced into the enclosed space 6 in the Vorwutungsphase. As a result, the entire time span t 2 -t 1 or t 2 -t 0 is available in order to be able to ensure the evacuation of the persons located in the enclosed space 6.
  • a comparison of the flood patterns according to Fig. 1a and Fig. 2a shows that in the solution according to the invention at time t 2 already a certain extinguishing gas level is set.
  • This extinguishing gas level at time t 2 corresponds to an extinguishing gas concentration a 0 in the enclosed space, which is below the critical for the employed extinguishing gas NOAEL concentration.
  • the period of time t 1 -t 2 ie the time between the response of the alarming device and the end of the prewarning time, is thus already utilized for an initial flooding of the extinguishing area according to the inventive solution.
  • This time period t 1 -t 2 is also referred to herein as the "pre-flooding phase".
  • Immediate to this Vorflutungsphase joins the so-called main flooding phase, which corresponds to the period t 2 -t 4 .
  • main flooding phase corresponds to this period of the total available flooding time of the build-up leaching.
  • a flooding course is shown, which can be realized in an exemplary embodiment of the fire extinguishing system according to the invention.
  • the amount of extinguishing gas introduced into the enclosed space during the pre-flooding phase is the same as the quantity of extinguishing gas introduced into the enclosed space during the main flooding phase (time period t 2 -t 4 ).
  • time period t 1 -t 2 the amount of extinguishing gas introduced into the enclosed space during the main flooding phase
  • time period t 2 -t 4 the quantity of extinguishing gas introduced into the enclosed space during the main flooding phase
  • this time span is 60 or 120 seconds.
  • the amount of extinguishing gas introduced into the enclosed space during the main flooding phase (time period t 2 -t 4 ) to be greater than that during the Vorflutungsphase (time t 1 -t 2 ) per unit time in the enclosed space introduced quenching gas.
  • the fire extinguishing system 100 according to the invention is used as a stationary room protection system and serves to protect the entire contents of the designated by the reference numeral "6" space.
  • this room 6 is an enclosed space, such as a high-bay warehouse, computer room or switching or distribution room.
  • the fire extinguishing system 100 has an extinguishing gas source 8 for providing an extinguishing gas.
  • the extinguishing gas source 8 used is a pressurized gas container battery, in which both the flooding phase and the main flooding phase are used and possibly also the quenching gas required for the replenishment phase.
  • the individual compressed gas containers of the extinguishing gas source 8 can be connected via valves 11 to a pipeline system 1a, 1b, which in turn is connected to nozzles 2 expediently distributed in the enclosed space 6.
  • the container valves 11 of the compressed gas container are opened so that the extinguishing gas provided in the compressed gas containers can be supplied to the enclosed space 6 via the line system 1a, 1b and the nozzles 2.
  • the individual container valves 11 of the compressed gas containers are automatically triggered by means of a control device 10.
  • the (optional) automatic triggering can be carried out by means of a mechanical, pneumatic or electrical system or the combination of the aforementioned possibilities.
  • the flooding of the enclosed space 6 with quenching gas is initiated by the control device 10 at the time t 1 as soon as the control device 10 is notified of the presence of at least one fire parameter in the ambient air atmosphere of the enclosed space 6 by a fire sensor 4 provided in the enclosed space 6.
  • a controllable by the controller 10 control valve 3 is used. More specifically, this control valve 3 divides the piping system 1a, 1b, via which the quenching gas source 8 is connected to the nozzles 2, into a first section 1a and a second section 1b. These two line sections 1a, 1b can be connected via the control valve 3.
  • the control device 10 is in the in Fig. 3 illustrated embodiment of the fire extinguishing system 100 according to the invention designed to control the valve device 3 such that it is fully opened during the Vorflutungsphase only partially and during the main flooding phase.
  • the valve device 3 is activated during the pre-flooding phase such that the extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space 6 during this pre-flooding phase does not exceed the predetermined critical concentration value a 0 .
  • the fire extinguishing system 100 preferably has an optical and / or acoustic alarm device 5.
  • This alarm device 5 serves to warn people who may be in the enclosed space 6.
  • the alarm device 5 is connected to the control device 10, wherein the alarm device 5 is controlled by the control device 10 immediately when the control device 10 is reported by the fire sensor 4 the presence of at least one fire characteristic in the indoor air atmosphere of the enclosed space 6.
  • the alarm device 5 is triggered by the control device 10 when the fire extinguishing system 100 is triggered manually, for example by actuation of a manual override solution.
  • At least one sensor 12 for detecting the oxygen content in the ambient air atmosphere of the enclosed space 6 is provided.
  • the control device 10 receives the values detected by the oxygen sensor 12 continuously or at predetermined times or events and, at least during the pre-flooding phase, sets the quantity of extinguishing gas supplied per unit time to the enclosed space 6 as a function of the detected oxygen content.
  • a pressure relief flap 7 is provided in the space envelope of the enclosed space 6. This pressure relief flap 7 serves to avoid damage to the room 6 due to excessive pressure during the flooding of the enclosed space 6 in case of fire.
  • FIG Fig. 4 a further embodiment of the fire extinguishing system 100 according to the invention described.
  • fire extinguishing system 100 substantially corresponds to the previously with reference to the illustration in Fig. 3
  • an alternative solution for keeping the required for the flooding of the enclosed space 6 amount of extinguishing gas is used.
  • a first extinguishing gas source 8a in which the required for the Vorflutungsphase extinguishing gas is kept ready
  • a second extinguishing gas source 8b in which the required for the main flooding phase extinguishing gas quantity is provided. Since the quenching gas required for the Vorflutungsphase is usually lower than the quenching gas required for the main flooding phase, can - as in Fig. 4 indicated - the first quenching gas source 8a compared to the second quenching gas source 8b be designed to be smaller in size.
  • the first and second extinguishing gas source 8a, 8b respectively compressed gas container batteries are used.
  • a first triggering device 3 a is actuated by the control device 10 at the time t 1 .
  • This first triggering device 3a serves to mechanically, pneumatically or electrically open the respective container valves 11 of the individual compressed gas containers of the first extinguishing gas source 8a, so that the extinguishing gas quantity kept ready in the first extinguishing gas source 8a is introduced into the enclosed space 6 via the line system 1 and the nozzles 2 can be.
  • a second triggering device 3b is activated, which opens the respective container valves 11 of the individual compressed gas container of the second extinguishing gas source 8b, so that the ready by the second extinguishing gas source 8b extinguishing gas can be supplied via the conduit system 1 and the nozzles 2 to the enclosed space 6.
  • the control device 10 is designed such that the time t 2 , to which the second triggering device 3b is activated and the second extinguishing gas source 8b is triggered, can be fixed in advance.
  • FIG Fig. 5 a further embodiment of the fire extinguishing system 100 according to the invention described. This embodiment differs from that previously described with reference to the illustrations in FIGS FIGS. 4 and 5 schematically illustrated systems by an alternative realization of the extinguishing gas sources that provide the space enclosed for the flooding space 6 quenching gas.
  • an inert gas generator This has a compressor 9a and a downstream filter device 9b, in particular membrane filter device.
  • a gas separation takes place, so that at an output 12 of the filter device 9b of the inert gas generator with nitrogen-enriched air and at another output 13 of the filter device 9b of the inert gas is oxygen-enriched air.
  • the nitrogen-enriched air is used in the Fig. 5 illustrated embodiment as quenching gas, which is supplied to the enclosed space 6 during the Vorflutungsphase.
  • the corresponding output 12 of the filter device 9b of the inert gas generator via a line system 1 and the nozzle 2 is connected to the enclosed space.
  • the extinguishing gas required for the main flooding phase is provided by a further extinguishing gas source 8c.
  • This further extinguishing gas source 8c is in the in Fig. 5 illustrated embodiment of the fire extinguishing system 100 according to the invention again executed as compressed gas tank battery.
  • one of the further extinguishing gas source 8c associated triggering device 3c is provided.
  • the control device 10 can open the respective container valves 11 of the individual compressed gas containers of the further extinguishing gas source 8 c via this triggering device 3 c, which takes place at the time t 2 , ie following the pre-flooding phase and after the prewarning time has elapsed.
  • the extinguishing gas kept ready by the further extinguishing gas source 8c during the main flooding phase then flows via the line system 1 to the nozzles 2 and from there into the enclosed space 6.
  • Fig. 6 shows a further course of flooding, which up to the predetermined time (t 2 ), which represents the end of the Vorflutungsphase, analogous to the flooding course Fig. 2a is.
  • a first holding flooding phase time interval t 2 -t 2a on during which the quenching gas concentration in the enclosed space 6 is held at the predetermined or determinable value a 0 .
  • this first retaining flooding phase from the time t 2 to the time t 2 to the time t 2a is thus in particular for the case that prior to the first retaining flooding phase, ie during the Vorflutungsphase a fire was present, a possible reignition by a without the first retaining flooding phase again increasing oxygen concentration in the enclosed space 6 effectively prevented or significantly reduced such a risk of re-ignition.
  • the flooding course according to Fig. 6 This represents the case for which it was determined during the review of the state of the enclosed space 6 that there is no fire in the enclosed space. It is here in particular conceivable that at the time t 2a a manual reset takes place, ie that at the time t 2a the end of the first retaining flooding phase takes place by the manual actuation of a suitable operating means, for example a pushbutton. Subsequent to the time t 2a , which marks the end of the first retaining flooding phase, therefore, the supply of quenching gas is stopped, so that in the further course of the quenching gas concentration decreases again.
  • a suitable operating means for example a pushbutton
  • a main flooding phase (time period t 2a -t 4 ) follows the first retaining flooding phase provided there.
  • an effective extinguishing gas concentration a is reached during the main flooding phase at a time t 3 .
  • Extinguishing gas continues to be supplied beyond time t 3 during this main flooding phase until the maximum quenching gas concentration b is reached.
  • a second retaining flooding phase within which further extinguishing gas is supplied into the enclosed space 6 in a regulated manner, so that the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration dependent on the fire load of the enclosed space 6 during the entire second retaining flooding phase (FIG. Time span t 4 -t 6 ).
  • the period of time t 4 -t 6 which characterizes the second retaining flooding phase, is in this case selected, for example, such that the materials contained in the enclosed space cool down in such a way that a renewed ignition (re-ignition) is effectively prevented during this time.
  • a renewed ignition re-ignition
  • Fig. 8 finally shows an exemplary flooding course, in which also a subsequent to the main flooding phase second retaining flooding phase (time t 4 - t 6 ) is provided.
  • a subsequent to the main flooding phase second retaining flooding phase time t 4 - t 6
  • no first retaining flooding phase is provided.
  • the main flooding phase directly to the flooding phase.
  • the main flooding phase in turn is directly followed by the second retaining flooding phase, within which the extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space is always kept above the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration by controlled feeding of quenching gas.
  • This embodiment thus corresponds to a situation for which the examination of the state of the enclosed space shows that after the completion of the pre-flooding phase, a fire that has broken out in the enclosed space 6 was not or not adequately suppressed and thus continues directly after the pre-flooding phase with a main flooding phase , so that the Lösch capablee extinguishing gas concentration a is reached as quickly as possible.
  • the point in time t 6 which marks the end of the second holding flooding phase, is either fixed in advance or set manually at a later point in time.
  • a manual setting at a later time thus corresponds to a manual reset, which can then take place if it has been determined, for example by manual checking, that after the end of the pre-flooding phase, a fire that has broken out in the enclosed space 6 was not or not sufficiently suppressed.
  • the solution according to the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments of the fire-extinguishing system 100 shown in the figures.
  • the entire flooding course is set so that the flooding of the enclosed space 6 takes place after a predetermined event sequence.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Operations Research (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
EP11191891.8A 2011-12-05 2011-12-05 Verfahren zum Löschen eines Brandes in einem umschlossenen Raum sowie Feuerlöschanlage Active EP2602006B1 (de)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PT111918918T PT2602006T (pt) 2011-12-05 2011-12-05 Método para extinção de incêndio num compartimento fechado assim como sistema de extinção de incêndio
EP11191891.8A EP2602006B1 (de) 2011-12-05 2011-12-05 Verfahren zum Löschen eines Brandes in einem umschlossenen Raum sowie Feuerlöschanlage
ES11191891.8T ES2623531T3 (es) 2011-12-05 2011-12-05 Procedimiento de extinción de un incendio en un espacio cerrado e instalación de extinción de fuego
PL11191891T PL2602006T3 (pl) 2011-12-05 2011-12-05 Sposób gaszenia pożaru w zamkniętej przestrzeni i instalacja do gaszenia pożaru
RU2014127541/12A RU2605681C2 (ru) 2011-12-05 2012-10-16 Способ тушения пожара в замкнутом пространстве и установка для тушения пожара
US14/360,757 US9707423B2 (en) 2011-12-05 2012-10-16 Method for extinguishing a fire in an enclosed space, and fire extinguishing system
PCT/EP2012/070483 WO2013083324A1 (de) 2011-12-05 2012-10-16 Verfahren zum löschen eines brandes in einem umschlossenen raum sowie feuerlöschanlage
CN201280059671.4A CN103974748B (zh) 2011-12-05 2012-10-16 用来在封闭房间中灭火的方法以及灭火系统
CA2853296A CA2853296C (en) 2011-12-05 2012-10-16 Method for extinguishing fire in an enclosed room as well as a fire extinguishing system
AU2012348768A AU2012348768B2 (en) 2011-12-05 2012-10-16 Method for extinguishing a fire in an enclosed space, and fire extinguishing system
ZA2014/03558A ZA201403558B (en) 2011-12-05 2014-05-16 Method for extinguishing a fire in an enclosed space, and fire extinguishing system
US15/596,749 US10052509B2 (en) 2011-12-05 2017-05-16 Method for extinguishing a fire in an enclosed space, and fire extinguishing system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11191891.8A EP2602006B1 (de) 2011-12-05 2011-12-05 Verfahren zum Löschen eines Brandes in einem umschlossenen Raum sowie Feuerlöschanlage

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EP2602006A1 EP2602006A1 (de) 2013-06-12
EP2602006B1 true EP2602006B1 (de) 2017-02-15

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EP (1) EP2602006B1 (pt)
CN (1) CN103974748B (pt)
AU (1) AU2012348768B2 (pt)
CA (1) CA2853296C (pt)
ES (1) ES2623531T3 (pt)
PL (1) PL2602006T3 (pt)
PT (1) PT2602006T (pt)
RU (1) RU2605681C2 (pt)
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ZA (1) ZA201403558B (pt)

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ES2624672T3 (es) * 2015-01-09 2017-07-17 Amrona Ag Procedimiento y sistema para prevenir y/o extinguir un incendio
US20160206904A1 (en) * 2015-01-15 2016-07-21 Carrier Corporation Extended discharge fire protection system and method
EP3111999B1 (de) * 2015-07-02 2017-12-06 Amrona AG Sauerstoffreduzierungsanlage und verfahren zum auslegen einer sauerstoffreduzierungsanlage
WO2018100181A1 (en) * 2016-12-01 2018-06-07 Fire Eater A/S Multi-phase fire inerting gas system
CN117065262B (zh) * 2023-10-17 2023-12-12 江苏安之技科技发展有限公司 一种电气设备自动灭火防复燃系统及方法

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RU2014127541A (ru) 2016-02-10
US20140345885A1 (en) 2014-11-27
AU2012348768B2 (en) 2015-10-22
PL2602006T3 (pl) 2017-07-31
AU2012348768A1 (en) 2014-07-03
EP2602006A1 (de) 2013-06-12
WO2013083324A1 (de) 2013-06-13
CA2853296C (en) 2018-08-28
CN103974748A (zh) 2014-08-06
US10052509B2 (en) 2018-08-21
RU2605681C2 (ru) 2016-12-27
PT2602006T (pt) 2017-03-08
CN103974748B (zh) 2016-11-16
US9707423B2 (en) 2017-07-18
CA2853296A1 (en) 2013-06-13
ES2623531T3 (es) 2017-07-11
US20170246489A1 (en) 2017-08-31
ZA201403558B (en) 2015-12-23

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