WO2013083324A1 - Verfahren zum löschen eines brandes in einem umschlossenen raum sowie feuerlöschanlage - Google Patents
Verfahren zum löschen eines brandes in einem umschlossenen raum sowie feuerlöschanlage Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013083324A1 WO2013083324A1 PCT/EP2012/070483 EP2012070483W WO2013083324A1 WO 2013083324 A1 WO2013083324 A1 WO 2013083324A1 EP 2012070483 W EP2012070483 W EP 2012070483W WO 2013083324 A1 WO2013083324 A1 WO 2013083324A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- enclosed space
- extinguishing
- flooding
- time
- extinguishing gas
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
- A62C35/58—Pipe-line systems
- A62C35/68—Details, e.g. of pipes or valve systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
- A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/002—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for warehouses, storage areas or other installations for storing goods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/04—Control of fire-fighting equipment with electrically-controlled release
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for extinguishing a fire in an enclosed space, in which the enclosed space is flooded with extinguishing gas at least until a extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration sets in the flooding area.
- the invention further relates to a fire extinguishing system for extinguishing a fire in an enclosed space by controlled flooding of the closed space with an extinguishing gas, wherein the fire extinguishing system at least one extinguishing gas source for providing an extinguishing gas, an extinguishing gas supply line, via which the provided by the at least one extinguishing gas source extinguishing gas to the enclosed Room can be supplied, and a control device for setting a per unit time the enclosed space supplied quenching gas.
- Such fire extinguishing systems are known in principle from the prior art and consist essentially of at least one extinguishing gas container with gaseous, liquefied under pressure or with a pressure cushion liquid stored extinguishing agent, the necessary valves and a pipeline network in the protected area (enclosed space) appropriately distributed nozzles ,
- gaseous extinguishing agents which are also referred to herein as "quenching gas" include, for example, oxygen displacing gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, noble gases (eg, argon), and mixtures thereof (eg, argonites). Inergen) application.
- oxygen displacing gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, noble gases (eg, argon), and mixtures thereof (eg, argonites).
- Inergen Inergen
- Such extinguishing gases extinguish fires by essentially displacing atmospheric oxygen from the fire.
- Halogenated hydrocarbons eg HFC227ea and FK-5-1-12 are also used as extinguishing agents in fire extinguishing systems. The extinguishing effect of these quenching gases is based on a chemical-physical principle.
- gaseous extinguishing agent penetrate the flooding area quickly and uniformly, so that within a very short time results in a spatial protective effect. After successful extinguishment, it may be necessary to maintain the quenching gas concentration to avoid flashbacks until hot surfaces have cooled sufficiently, deep-seated fires are extinguished, or the components under electrical energy are shut off.
- both extinguishing gas concentrations of different extents and oxygen concentrations of different concentrations may be used in a fire-fighting operation. These different concentrations also cause a different threat to persons possibly present in the hazardous area (enclosed space).
- the table below shows, for example, the toxicity parameters for some of the extinguishing gases currently used in fire extinguishing systems. These toxicity parameters determine which hazard class the fire extinguishing system is classified in. Here, a distinction is made between the following four hazard classes:
- Class II quenching gas concentration between NOAEL and LOAEL (NOAEL ⁇ quenching gas concentration ⁇ LOAEL) and oxygen concentration above 10% by volume ([0 2 ]> 10% by volume);
- Class III Extinguishing gas concentration above LOAEL and below life-threatening concentration (LOAEL ⁇ extinguishing gas concentration ⁇ LBK) and oxygen concentration above 8 vol% ([0 2 ]> 8 vol%); and Extinguishing gas concentration in and above life-threatening concentration (extinguishing gas concentration> LBK) and / or oxygen concentration below 8 vol .-% ([0 2 ] ⁇ 8 vol .-%);
- NOAEL non-observed adverse effect level
- LOAEL lowest observed adverse effect level
- C0 2 If, for example, carbon dioxide is used as the quenching gas, damage to health is to be expected from a concentration of 5% by volume C0 2 and a danger to life exists from a concentration of more than 8% by volume C0 2 .
- the extinguishing effect of C0 2 is mainly due to the reduction of the oxygen content of the air to a value at which the combustion process does not proceed.
- the amount of extinguishing gas required for the individual flooding area for space and device protection depends on the extinguishing gas used on the one hand and the fires, d. H. on the other hand, the substances which are on fire or may get on fire.
- the corresponding extinguishing extinguishing gas and oxygen concentrations are given as an example for different devices for the extinguishing gas carbon dioxide.
- the extinguishing gas concentration required for a sufficient extinguishing effect may possibly be life-threatening for persons who may be in the extinguishing area.
- suitable protective measures must be taken to be able to immediately evacuate the hazardous areas in case of fire and flooding with extinguishing gas and to prevent persons from entering the extinguishing gas flooding.
- VdS guideline 3518 (as of 07/2006) and BGI 888 (as of 01/2004) alarming devices and delay devices with sufficient time delay must be provided for in person-occupied, endangered areas, which allow leaving the protected area without undue haste.
- Suitable alarm devices are acoustic and optionally optical devices in order to ensure in a fire the alarm and warning of anyone in the deletion area or danger area if necessary.
- Fire extinguishing systems in which persons can be endangered by a flooding of the extinguishing area must also be equipped with so-called deceleration devices.
- deceleration devices are to ensure that flooding of the extinguishing area only takes place after the alarm devices have been triggered and a preset warning time has expired.
- the pre-warning time set must be such that the extinguishing area or hazardous area can be left from any location without hurry. According to the VdS guideline 3518 (as of 07/2006) and BGI 888 (as of 01/2004), the early warning time must be at least 10 seconds. Accordingly, depending on the hazard class, the fire extinguishing systems must allow time-delayed flooding with advance warning time.
- the pre-warning time must be effective at each automatic or manual triggering of the fire extinguishing system.
- Fig. La the time course of the extinguishing agent concentration in known from the prior art and become effective with early warning fire extinguishing systems is shown.
- Fig. 1 B the temporal evolution of the oxygen concentration in the extinguishing area is shown accordingly.
- the time t 0 represents the time of fire detection in the deletion area.
- the time interval t 0 -ti expresses the system-related delay of the fire-extinguishing system. Without the use of a delaying device, the flooding, ie the actual introduction of the extinguishing gas into the enclosed space, would start at time ti. Since - as already stated - for reasons of personal protection, a time-delayed flooding must take place with early warning, flows at time ti no extinguishing gas in the enclosed space.
- the time interval ti-t 2 designates the set prewarning time, ie the time between the beginning of the alarming at the time ti and the start of the release of the quenching gas.
- This warning time must be at least 10 seconds, but must not be longer than the time necessary for a safe evacuation.
- the gaseous extinguishing agent is released, as a result, the quenching gas concentration in the room atmosphere of the enclosed space steadily increases and the oxygen concentration decreases accordingly.
- time t 3 the extinguishing concentration a is reached. This extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration is also referred to in the fire protection technology as "design concentration".
- the build-up bleeding of the enclosed area ends at time t 4 , namely when the maximum extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space has been reached. Accordingly, the time interval t 2 -t 3 designates the set-up time for the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration and the time period t 2 -t 4 the total flooding time of the build-up leaching.
- fire extinguishing systems that use a gaseous extinguishing agent must be dimensioned in accordance with the VdS Guidelines VdS 2380, VdS 2381 and VdS 2093 in such a way that within the extinguishing area within 10, 60 or 120 seconds after the time of extinguishing agent release in the entire enclosed space the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration has built up.
- This requirement can be realized only with appropriately sized fire extinguishing systems. Accordingly, in larger rooms, such as warehouses, etc., fire extinguishing systems with gaseous extinguishing agents as space protection systems can only be realized with relatively high investment.
- the present invention has the object, a method or a fire extinguishing system of the type mentioned in that the effectively available construction time for the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration can be extended without possibly located in the enclosed space people to endanger.
- this object is achieved in that an optical and / or acoustic alarm device for warning is optionally located in the enclosed space people is triggered that an extinguishing agent release is initiated such that during a Vorflutungs- phase the enclosed space an extinguishing gas is supplied, the pre-flooding phase corresponding to a time interval between the start of the extinguishing agent release and a predetermined time, and that the state of the enclosed space is checked, wherein during the initiation of the extinguishing agent release, the enclosed space is flooded so that during the entire pre-flooding phase, the extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space does not exceed a predetermined or predefinable value for the extinguishing gas used, which is below the NOAEL value critical for the extinguishing gas used.
- the object underlying the invention starting from a fire extinguishing system of the type mentioned is achieved according to the invention that the control device is designed in the event of fire, the pro Time unit to the enclosed space supplied quenching gas set so that the flooding of the enclosed space after a predetermined event occurs, wherein during an initial up to a predetermined time extending Vorflutungsphase the enclosed space is flooded so that the quenching gas concentration in the enclosed space for a the extinguishing gas used does not exceed a predetermined or predefinable value, and during a main flooding phase which directly or indirectly adjoins the flooding phase, the enclosed space is flooded such that the extinguishing gas concentration reaches a maximum extinguishing gas concentration which is equal to or greater than the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration.
- the predetermined or predefinable value of the extinguishing gas concentration, which must not be exceeded during the Vorflutungsphase is below the NOAEL value of the extinguishing
- the invention by dividing the time period between the time of response of at least one alarm device and the time of reaching a maximum extinguishing gas concentration in a Vorflutungsphase and a main flooding phase, it is possible to start the flooding of the enclosed space already at the time of the response of the alarm device
- the per unit of time introduced into the enclosed space quenching gas quantity is selected such that a risk to persons can be excluded.
- the invention provides that throughout the Vorflutungsphase the extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space does not exceed a specified or specifiable value for the used extinguishing gas, said predetermined or predetermined value is below the critical for the used extinguishing gas NOAEL value.
- the time between the time of the response of the alarm device and the beginning of the main flooding phase corresponds to the usual in the fire protection prewarning and is such that the enclosed space can be left from any location without haste.
- the so-called main flooding phase within which the enclosed space is flooded with extinguishing gas until the maximum extinguishing gas concentration is reached.
- the solution according to the invention can achieve the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space at an earlier point in time compared to conventional installations in which a time-delayed one Flooding with early warning takes place. Accordingly, the fire extinguishing system can be made smaller for a given space, without the risk that the VdS directive maximum time of 10, 60 or 120 seconds to reach the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration can not be met.
- the solution according to the invention makes it possible for the amount of extinguishing gas introduced into the enclosed space during the entire flooding time to be lower in comparison to fire extinguishing systems in which a time-delayed flooding takes place since the time available for flooding the room becomes longer in the solution according to the invention is.
- the solution according to the invention is particularly suitable for applications in which "gentle flooding" of the enclosed space is desired, for example, when the enclosed space is not or can not be equipped with a sufficiently large pressure relief , the solution according to the invention allows a gentle flooding, so that the pressure relief valves, with which the enclosed space must be provided for the purpose of pressure relief and to avoid damage due to excessive pressure when introducing the extinguishing gas, can be made smaller and the effort when a room should be provided with a fire extinguishing system as a room protection system.
- this flooding be carried out in such a way that the extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space at the latest by the predefined time is adjusted to an exhaustively low level.
- the fire load of the enclosed space is predetermined or definable. This ensures that effective firefighting takes place within the enclosed space no later than the pre-determined date.
- the time of the extinguishing agent release for initiating the Vorflutungsphase coincides with that time, which corresponds to the triggering of the optical and / or acoustic alarm device. This ensures in particular that the maximum possible time is carried out by warning or alarming the persons in the enclosed space while simultaneously building up the pre-flooding concentration. By simultaneously alerting the persons and initiating the pre-flooding phase by introducing the extinguishing agent, no time is lost, so that an effective fire fighting is given with regard to the structure of the total extinguishing agent concentration.
- the predefined time which defines the end of the pre-flooding phase and the beginning of the main flooding phase, is selected such that this pre-warning time specified in VdS guideline 3518 (as of 07/2006) or BGI 888 (as of 01/2004) corresponds, is so dimensioned that may be located in the enclosed space people can leave the room from any location without haste.
- the predetermined time is selected such that the pre-flooding phase is at least 10 seconds. This measure ensures the protection of persons required in VdS guideline 3518 (as of 07/2006) and BGI 888 (as of 01/2004).
- the predetermined or specifiable value for the used extinguishing gas which may not exceed the quenching gas concentration during the entire Vorflutungsphase, corresponds to an oxygen concentration, which still allows free accessibility of the enclosed space.
- the subdivision according to the invention of the period between the alarming and the achievement of the maximum extinguishing gas concentration into a pre-flooding phase and a subsequent main flooding phase does not necessarily mean that the flooding course, ie the temporal evolution of the extinguishing gas concentration in the room atmosphere of the enclosed space, from the time of the beginning of the main flooding phase has a kink.
- the quenching gas introduced during the Vorwutungsphase per unit time in the enclosed space is the same size as that during the Hauptwutungsphase per unit time in the enclosed space introduced quenching gas.
- the extinguishing gas concentration in the room atmosphere of the enclosed space continuously increases without changing the slope of the flooding curve.
- the solution according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the flooding can take place more gently overall, ie the amount of extinguishing gas introduced per unit of time into the enclosed space is lower than in the conventional solutions. This in turn makes it possible to equip the enclosed space with smaller pressure relief flaps.
- the extinguishing gas introduced into the enclosed space during the pre-flooding phase has a different chemical composition compared to the chemical composition of the extinguishing gas introduced into the enclosed space during the main flooding phase. So it is conceivable, for example, during the Vorflutungsphase, ie during that phase corresponding to the prewarning, within which the people in the enclosed space must leave the room to initiate a quenching gas or quenching gas mixture in the enclosed space, which other toxicity characteristics in Compared to the quenching gas or quenching gas mixture which is introduced during the main flooding phase.
- the quenching gas introduced into the enclosed space during the preflow phase is nitrogen-enriched air, which is generated directly on site with the aid of a nitrogen generator. Since conventional nitrogen generators are usually not designed to within a very short time, the quenching gas use amount, d. H. To provide the required amount of quenching gas to achieve the design concentration, at least the quenching gas, which is introduced during the main flooding phase in the enclosed space, should be kept in, for example, in gas cylinders.
- the quenching gas concentration in the enclosed space is maintained at the predetermined or determinable value during a first hold flooding phase, the first hold flooding phase being a period of time between the time of Completion of the pre-flooding phase and a pre-determined time or manually definable date.
- a first holding flooding phase adjoining the flooding phase within which the extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space is maintained at a value which is below the NOAEL value critical for the employed extinguishing gas by tracking, optionally by controlled feeding of extinguishing gas ,
- the predetermined or definable value at which the extinguishing gas concentration is maintained during this first retaining flooding phase is preferably to be selected as a function of the fire load of the enclosed space.
- the retention of the extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space at the predetermined or determinable value during the first retaining flooding phase is performed only when the checking of the state of the enclosed space is automatically verified, in particular with the help of at least one fire detector, and / or manually, in particular by operating a corresponding switch, that after the completion of the pre-flooding phase in the enclosed space there is no fire.
- the corresponding retaining flooding is carried out during the first retaining flooding phase at the value which is below the NOAEL value critical for the employed extinguishing gas only if there is no fire at the end of the flooding phase in the enclosed space Brand more present. If a fire is detected instead, then the main quenching phase can continue to follow the first retaining flooding phase.
- the point in time which marks the end of the first retaining flooding phase can in this case be determined in advance or determined later manually.
- the method according to the invention has a further method step, according to which an extinguishing gas is supplied to the enclosed space by initiating an extinguishing agent release during a main flooding phase until the extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space reaches a predetermined or definable target concentration, the fixed or definable target concentration at least equal to an extinguishing gas concentration dependent on the fire load of the enclosed space.
- the main flooding phase corresponds to a period of time between the predetermined time point at the end of the pre-flooding phase and the time at which the target concentration is reached.
- a second retaining flooding phase adjoining the main flooding phase within which the extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space is always kept above the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration by controlled feeding of quenching gas.
- the holding flow time, d. H. the time interval between the end of the build-up bleeding and the time of the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration (end of the holding flooding) is preferably to be selected so that the materials contained in the enclosed space have cooled sufficiently or no glowing nests are present in order to re-ignite to be effectively prevented after falling below the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration.
- the inflammability of the substances in the enclosed space is the retention time of up to several minutes.
- Analogous to the predetermined time or manually definable time of the end of the first Garfluntungsphase it is also conceivable for the time of the end of the second retaining wave phase, manually set this time. This can be done in particular in the form of a manual reset.
- the end of the second retaining flooding phase is manually specified when it has been determined that, for example, the materials located in the enclosed space have cooled sufficiently.
- maximum quenching gas concentration is meant the quenching gas concentration which at the end of the build-up bleed in the enclosed space is present.
- this maximum extinguishing gas concentration is at least as great as the so-called extinguishing-active extinguishing gas concentration, which is the extinguishing gas concentration required for extinguishing success and which is also referred to in the art as "design concentration”.
- the optical and / or acoustic alarm device is provided in order to ensure that the persons who are possibly located in the enclosed space leave the hazardous area within the pre-flooding phase.
- the alarm device which is triggered at the same time as the beginning of the flooding of the enclosed space, thus serves to warn the persons who may be in the enclosed space.
- the beginning of the flooding of the enclosed space or the time of the alarm system-related usually is not identical to the time of the response of a fire detection device or the operation of a manual release.
- there may be a system-related delay which is conditioned by the plant and usually takes a few milliseconds to seconds.
- the solution according to the invention is provided in a preferred embodiment that the enclosed space is preferably monitored continuously or at predetermined times or events with regard to the occurrence of at least one fire parameter , wherein the flooding of the enclosed space is initiated with a quenching gas as soon as at least one fire characteristic is detected.
- the enclosed space is preferably monitored continuously or at predetermined times or events with regard to the occurrence of at least one fire parameter , wherein the flooding of the enclosed space is initiated with a quenching gas as soon as at least one fire characteristic is detected.
- an aspirative fire detection system is suitable for fire detection, in which preferably at least one representative air sample is taken from the enclosed space, which is analyzed with regard to the presence of fire characteristics.
- mechanically acting fire detection elements are called Schmelzlotterler and thermal isolators.
- An example of a pneumatically acting fire detection element is a heat sensor.
- Electrically effective fire detection elements include, for example, rod temperature sensors.
- At least one sensor is provided for detecting the oxygen content in the ambient air atmosphere of the enclosed space
- the control device is designed to adjust the amount of extinguishing gas supplied per unit time to the enclosed space depending on the detected oxygen content, at least during the Vorflutungsphase.
- control device is designed, at least during the Vorflutungsphase set the per unit time the space supplied quenching gas in dependence on the detected oxygen content, can be ensured in an easy to implement yet effective manner that already in the initial period between the time of onset the alarming and the predetermined time an inerting in the enclosed space is set, which corresponds to the predetermined or predeterminable extinguishing gas concentration.
- a first triggering device is triggered by means of which a first quenching gas source with the enclosed space is connectable
- a second Triggering device is triggered by means of which in addition to the first extinguishing gas source or instead of the first extinguishing gas source, a second extinguishing gas source is connectable to the enclosed space.
- extinguishing gas or extinguishing gas mixture which has a different chemical composition compared to the extinguishing gas or extinguishing gas mixture which is introduced in the main flooding phase in the enclosed space.
- extinguishing gas sources are particularly extinguishing gas storage tank in question, such as compressed gas tank, in which the required extinguishing gas stock quantity is kept.
- a quenching gas source and in particular as a first quenching gas source, which provides the quenching gas introduced during the flooding phase
- a nitrogen generator in question which provides at its output with nitrogen-enriched air, which can be used as quenching gas.
- a common extinguishing gas source which provides both the extinguishing gas required for the pre-flooding phase and for the main flooding phase.
- This common extinguishing gas source should be connectable via a suitable valve device with the enclosed space, wherein the valve device can be controlled such that it is partially opened during the Vorflutungsphase partially and during the main flooding phase preferably.
- triggering device means a device of mechanical, pneumatic or electrical nature for triggering the extinguishing gas source and in particular the container and / or range valves, if compressed gas containers are used as extinguishing gas source, in which the quenching gas supply quantity is kept.
- triggering is to be understood as meaning the opening of the container valves and, if present, the range valves in the case of extinguishing gas storage containers or the switching on of an inert gas generator, if this is used as the extinguishing gas source.
- the flooding of the enclosed space can be interrupted with inert gas or even completely stopped during the Vorflutungsphase if necessary.
- a stop or emergency stop button is provided which is connected to the control device of the fire extinguishing system such that upon actuation of the stop or emergency stop button, the flooding of the enclosed space during the Vorwutungsphase for predetermined time is interrupted or completely aborted.
- the interruption or complete cancellation of the flooding during the Vorflutungsphase automatically takes place, for example if it is determined via a sensor that a false alarm is present or the flooding of the room for other reasons is canceled.
- Fig. La the temporal evolution of the extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space in a conventional fire extinguishing system, in which a time-delayed flooding takes place with early warning;
- FIG. 1b shows the time evolution of the oxygen concentration in the enclosed space in the course of flooding shown in FIG. 1a;
- FIG. 2a shows the time evolution of the extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space in an exemplary embodiment of the fire extinguishing system according to the invention, in which no time-delayed flooding takes place;
- FIG. 2b shows the time evolution of the oxygen concentration in the enclosed space during the flooding shown in FIG. 2a;
- Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the fire extinguishing system according to the invention.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 5 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6 shows the development over time of the extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space according to a further exemplary embodiment of the fire extinguishing system according to the invention, with a first retaining flooding phase adjoining the flooding phase;
- FIG. Fig. 7 the temporal evolution of the extinguishing gas concentration similar to that in
- Fig. 6 illustrated embodiment of the fire extinguishing system according to the invention, with a subsequent to the first retaining flooding phase main flooding phase and an adjoining second retaining flooding phase;
- Fig. 8 the temporal evolution of the extinguishing gas concentration similar to the
- FIG. 1a shows the extinguishing gas concentration set in the enclosed space in relation to time.
- Fig. 1b shows the time evolution of the oxygen concentration in the enclosed space when flooded as shown in Fig. 1a.
- C0 2 serves as extinguishing gas.
- the time t 0 denotes the time of the response of a fire detection device or the time of actuation of a manual release, if this is provided.
- the response of an alarm device for warning persons located in the extinguishing area or danger zone at the time ti is generally delayed plant or system due to the time t 0 of the response of the fire detection device slightly delayed. Since in fire-extinguishing systems in which people can be endangered by flooding of the extinguishing area, must be equipped with deceleration devices, takes place in the flooding course shown in Fig. La, a time-delayed flooding with early warning.
- the time period between the time ti (response of the alarm device) and the time t 2 (release of the gaseous extinguishing agent) referred to for personal protection Vorwarnzeit which must be such that the extinguishing area or the enclosed space of any Place from without hurry can be left.
- this warning time must be at least 10 seconds.
- the build-up bleeding does not begin until time t 2 , since the gaseous extinguishing agent may only be released at this point in time.
- the extinguishing agent concentration rises relatively rapidly from time t 2 and reaches the maximum quenching gas concentration b at time t 4 .
- An extinguishing active extinguishing gas concentration a is already present at time t 3 .
- the time interval t 2 -t 3 is referred to as the build-up time for the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration and the time period t 2 -t 4 as the flooding time of the build-up leaching.
- the maximum quenching gas concentration b is reached. This time thus marks the end of the build-up leaching. Since in the flooding course shown in Fig.
- the quenching gas concentration decreases continuously from the time t 4 , which is due to leaks in the space envelope of the enclosed space.
- the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration a at time t 6 is exceeded.
- the time interval between the time t 4 (end of the build-up bleeding) and the time t 6 (falling below the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration) should be long enough so that the substances located in the enclosed space have cooled sufficiently and a re-ignition can be prevented.
- the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration a must be reached within 10, 60 or 120 seconds after extinguishing agent release.
- this requirement can only be realized with relatively high effort.
- conventional fire extinguishing systems must be dimensioned such that they can bring the required to achieve the löschwirksem concentration a extinguishing gas amount in the enclosed space within the delayed period t 2 -t 3 .
- Fig. Lb the time evolution of the oxygen concentration in the enclosed space (here: computer room) is shown when the enclosed space, as shown in Fig. La, is flooded.
- the oxygen concentration in the enclosed space is at a constant value (20.9% by volume) until time t 2 , which corresponds to the average oxygen content in the ambient air. Since, in the case shown in FIG. 1 a , the building-up bleeding does not take place until time t 2 , the oxygen concentration only drops relatively rapidly in the illustration according to FIG. 1b from this point in time and reaches at the time t 4 a minimum value of 11.2 vol .-%. Since no holding flooding is provided in the course of flooding shown in FIG. 1 a, the oxygen concentration increases continuously from time t 4 , since ambient air penetrates via leaks in the space envelope of the enclosed space.
- FIGS. 2a and 2b show the course of the flooding, ie the development over time of the extinguishing gas concentration in the room atmosphere of the enclosed space in a fire-extinguishing system according to an exemplary embodiment of the solution according to the invention.
- Fig. 2b the corresponding temporal evolution of the oxygen concentration in the room air atmosphere of the enclosed space is shown.
- the time points t 0 , t 1 , t 2 , t 3 , t 4 , t 5 and t 6 indicated on the time axis (abscissa axis) have the same meaning as the corresponding points in time in FIG. 1 a .
- the extinguishing gas concentration with extinguishing effect is shown as “a” and the maximum extinguishing gas concentration with "b".
- the value of the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration a depends on the fire load of the materials contained in the enclosed space. This extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration a, which is characteristic for the enclosed space, is referred to as "design concentration" in the fire technology.
- no time-delayed flooding takes place according to teachings of the present invention. Rather, already at the time ti (response of the alarm device) quenching gas is introduced into the enclosed space. In this respect, the extinguishing gas concentration in the room air atmosphere of the enclosed space begins to increase already at the time ti. In order to nevertheless a risk from the beginning of the flooding (time ti) to exclude that are available persons optionally in the enclosed space, the invention provides that terminates within a warning that at time t 2, the quenching gas concentration in the enclosed space one for the used extinguishing gas given or predetermined value a 0 does not exceed. This predetermined or specifiable limit value a 0 must not exceed the NOAEL value critical for the extinguishing gas used and is preferably below this NOAEL value.
- the limit value a 0 depends on the fire load of the enclosed space 6, ie it is dependent on the fire load of the enclosed space fixable or predeterminable.
- the predetermined or predefinable limit value a 0 is set up at the latest at the time t 2 at which the prewarning period ends.
- the prewarning time which corresponds to the time interval ti-t 2 , is dimensioned such that the extinguishing area, ie the enclosed space, can be exited from any point, so that the evacuation of the enclosed space is ensured at the time t 2 .
- the time ti In order not to lose time in this case corresponds to the time in which the acoustic and / or optionally the visual alarm is triggered, the time ti, from which the extinguishing gas is introduced into the enclosed space 6 in the context of the Vorflutungsphase. As a result, the entire time span t 2 -ti or t 2 -t 0 is available in order to be able to ensure the evacuation of the persons located in the enclosed space 6.
- a comparison of the flooding profiles according to FIG. 1 a and FIG. 2 a shows that a certain quenching gas level is already set in the solution according to the invention at time t 2 .
- This extinguishing gas level at time t 2 corresponds to an extinguishing gas concentration a 0 in the enclosed space, which is below the critical for the employed extinguishing gas NOAEL concentration. Characterized in that at the time t 2 (the end of the early warning) in the flooding course according to Fig.
- this time period ti-t 2 is also referred to herein as the "pre-flooding phase".
- Immediate to this Vorflutungsphase joins the so-called main flooding phase, which corresponds to the period t 2 -t 4 .
- this time span corresponds to the total available flooding time of the building-up leaching.
- FIG. 2 a shows a course of flooding which can be realized in an exemplary embodiment of the fire-extinguishing system according to the invention.
- the quenching gas quantity introduced into the enclosed space during the flooding phase (time interval ti-t 2 ) is the same as the quenching gas quantity introduced into the enclosed space during the main flooding phase (time period t 2 -t 4 ) , This can be achieved if it is ensured that the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration a is reached within the prescribed period of time after the fire extinguishing system has been triggered.
- this time span is 60 or 120 seconds.
- the amount of extinguishing gas introduced into the enclosed space during the main flooding phase (time period t 2 -t 4 ) to be greater than that during the Vorflutungsphase (time period ti-t 2 ) per unit time in the enclosed space introduced quenching gas.
- the fire extinguishing system 100 according to the invention is used as a stationary room protection system and serves to protect the entire contents of the designated by the reference numeral "6" space.
- this room 6 is an enclosed space, such as a high-bay warehouse, computer room or switching or distribution room.
- the fire extinguishing system 100 has an extinguishing gas source 8 for providing an extinguishing gas.
- an extinguishing gas source 8 for providing an extinguishing gas.
- a pressurized gas container battery is used as extinguishing gas source 8, in which the for the Vorflutungsphase as well as for the Hauptflu- phase and possibly also the quenching gas required for the post-flooding phase.
- the individual compressed gas containers of the extinguishing gas source 8 can be connected via valves 11 to a pipeline system 1 a, 1 b, which in turn is connected to nozzles 2 expediently distributed in the enclosed space 6.
- the container valves 11 of the compressed gas containers are opened, so that the extinguishing gas provided in the compressed gas containers can be supplied via the line system 1 a, 1 b and the nozzles 2 to the enclosed space 6.
- the individual container valves 11 of the compressed gas containers are automatically triggered by means of a control device 10.
- the (optional) automatic triggering can be carried out by means of a mechanical, pneumatic or electrical system or the combination of the aforementioned possibilities.
- the flooding of the enclosed space 6 with quenching gas is initiated by the control device 10 at the time ti as soon as the control device 10 is notified of the presence of at least one fire parameter in the ambient air atmosphere of the enclosed space 6 by a fire sensor 4 provided in the enclosed space 6.
- a control valve 3 that can be controlled by the control device 10 is used.
- this control valve 3 divides the line system la, lb, via which the extinguishing gas source 8 is connected to the nozzles 2, in a first section la and a second section lb. These two line sections la, lb can be connected via the control valve 3.
- the control device 10 is designed in the illustrated in Fig. 3 embodiment of the fire extinguishing system 100 according to the invention, the valve device 3 to control such that it is fully opened during the Vorflutungsphase only partially and during the main flooding phase.
- the valve device 3 is activated during the pre-flooding phase such that the extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space 6 during this pre-flooding phase does not exceed the predetermined critical concentration value a 0 .
- the fire extinguishing system 100 preferably has an optical and / or acoustic alarm device 5.
- This alarm device 5 serves to warn people who may be in the enclosed space 6.
- the alarm device 5 is connected to the control device 10, wherein the alarm device 5 is controlled by the control device 10 immediately when the control device 10 is reported by the fire sensor 4, the presence of at least one fire parameter in the indoor air atmosphere of the enclosed space 6.
- the alarm device 5 is triggered by the control device 10 when the fire extinguishing system 100 is triggered manually, for example by actuation of a manual override solution.
- At least one sensor 12 for detecting the oxygen content in the ambient air atmosphere of the enclosed space 6 is provided.
- the control device 10 receives the values detected by the oxygen sensor 12 continuously or at predetermined times or events and, at least during the preflight phase, sets the quantity of extinguishing gas supplied per unit of time to the enclosed space 6 as a function of the detected oxygen content.
- FIG. 3 it can also be seen that in the space envelope of the enclosed space 6, a pressure relief flap 7 is provided.
- This pressure relief flap 7 serves to avoid damage to the room 6 due to excessive pressure during the flooding of the enclosed space 6 in case of fire.
- FIG. 4 describes a further embodiment of the fire extinguishing system 100 according to the invention.
- the in Fig. 4 illustrated fire extinguishing system 100 substantially corresponds to the previously with reference to the illustration in FIG. 3 described plant, although an alternative solution for keeping the required for the flooding of the enclosed space 6 quenching gas quantity is used.
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrated embodiment of the fire extinguishing system 100 according to the invention
- a first extinguishing gas source 8a in which the required for the Vorflutungsphase extinguishing gas is kept ready
- a second extinguishing gas source 8b in which the required for the main flooding phase extinguishing gas quantity is provided provided. Since the extinguishing gas quantity required for the pre-flooding phase is generally less than the extinguishing gas quantity required for the main flooding phase, as shown in FIG. 4 indicated - the first extinguishing gas source 8a compared to the second extinguishing gas source 8b be designed to be smaller in size.
- the first and second extinguishing gas source 8a, 8b respectively compressed gas container batteries are used.
- a first triggering device 3a is activated by the control device 10 at the time ti.
- This first triggering device 3a serves to mechanically, pneumatically or electrically open the respective container valves 11 of the individual compressed gas containers of the first extinguishing gas source 8a, so that the extinguishing gas quantity kept ready in the first extinguishing gas source 8a is introduced into the enclosed space 6 via the line system 1 and the nozzles 2 can be.
- time t 2 d. H.
- a second triggering device 3b is activated, which opens the respective container valves 11 of the individual compressed gas tank of the second extinguishing gas source 8b, so that the second extinguishing gas source 8b held extinguishing gas through the line system 1 and the Nozzles 2 can be supplied to the enclosed space 6.
- the control device 10 is designed such that the time t 2 , to which the second triggering device 3b is activated and the second extinguishing gas source 8b is triggered, can be fixed in advance.
- FIG. 5 describes a further embodiment of the fire extinguishing system 100 according to the invention.
- This embodiment differs from the plants shown schematically above with reference to the illustrations in FIGS. 4 and 5 by an alternative realization of the extinguishing gas sources which provide the extinguishing gas necessary for the flooding enclosed space 6.
- an inert gas generator This has a compressor 9a and a downstream filter device 9b, in particular membrane filter device.
- a compressor 9a ambient air is compressed and then fed to the filter device 9b.
- the filter device 9b a gas separation takes place, so that at an output 12 of the filter device 9b of the inert gas generator with nitrogen-enriched air and at another output 13 of the filter device 9b of the inert gas is oxygen-enriched air.
- the nitrogen-enriched air is used in the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 as quenching gas, which is supplied to the enclosed space 6 during the Vorflutungsphase.
- the corresponding output 12 of the filter device 9b of the inert gas generator via a line system 1 and the nozzle 2 is connected to the enclosed space.
- the extinguishing gas required for the main flooding phase is provided by a further extinguishing gas source 8c.
- This further extinguishing gas source 8c is executed again in the embodiment of the fire extinguishing system 100 according to the invention shown in FIG. 5 as compressed gas container battery.
- one of the further extinguishing gas source 8c associated triggering device 3c is provided.
- the control device 10 can open the respective container valves 11 of the individual compressed gas containers of the further extinguishing gas source 8 c via this triggering device 3 c, which takes place at the time t 2 , ie following the pre-flooding phase and after the prewarning time has elapsed.
- the extinguishing gas kept ready by the further extinguishing gas source 8c during the main flooding phase then flows via the line system 1 to the nozzles 2 and from there into the enclosed space 6.
- FIG. 6 shows a further course of flooding, which is analogous to the flooding course from FIG. 2a up to the predetermined time (t 2 ), which represents the end of the flooding phase.
- time interval t -t 2a adjoins the Vorflutungsphase (time ti-t 2) a first holding flooding phase at during which the quenching gas concentration in the enclosed space 6 is held at the predetermined or determinable value a 0 .
- this first retaining flooding phase from the time t 2 to the time t 2 to the time t 2a is thus in particular for the case that prior to the first retaining flooding phase, ie during the Vorflutungsphase a fire was present, a possible reignition by a without the first retaining flooding phase again Increasing oxygen concentration in the enclosed space 6 effectively prevented or significantly reduced such reignition hazard.
- the flooding course according to FIG. 6 represents the case for which it was determined during the inspection of the state of the enclosed space 6 that there is no fire in the enclosed space. It is here in particular conceivable that at the time t 2a a manual reset takes place, d. H. that at the time t 2a, the end of the first retaining flooding phase by the manual actuation of a suitable operating means, such as a button takes place. Subsequent to the time t 2a , which marks the end of the first retaining flooding phase, therefore, the supply of quenching gas is stopped, so that in the further course of the quenching gas concentration decreases again.
- a main flooding phase (time period t 2a -1 4 ) adjoins the first retaining flooding phase also provided there.
- an effective quenching gas concentration a is reached during the main flooding phase at a time t 3 .
- Extinguishing gas continues to be supplied beyond time t 3 during this main flooding phase until the maximum quenching gas concentration b is reached.
- a second retaining flooding phase follows, within which extinguishing gas is further supplied in a controlled manner into the enclosed space 6, so that the fire compartment of the enclosed space 6 dependent extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration during the entire second retaining flooding phase (time period t 4 - 1 6 ) is not exceeded.
- the period of time t 4 - 1 6 which characterizes the second retaining flooding phase, in this case, for example, chosen such that the materials contained in the enclosed space cool down so that a reignition (re-ignition) is effectively prevented during this time.
- Fig. 8 shows an exemplary course of flooding, in which also a subsequent phase to the main flooding second holding flooding phase (time interval t 4 - 1 6) is provided.
- time interval t 4 - 1 6 time interval t 4 - 1 6
- no first retaining flooding phase is provided here.
- the main flooding phase directly adjoins the flooding phase.
- the main flooding phase in turn is directly followed by the second retaining flooding phase, within which the extinguishing gas concentration in the enclosed space is always kept above the extinguishing extinguishing gas concentration by controlled feeding of quenching gas.
- This exemplary embodiment thus corresponds to a situation for which the examination of the state of the enclosed space reveals that after the completion of the pre-flooding phase, a fire that has broken out in the enclosed space 6 was not or not sufficiently suppressed and, thus, a main flooding phase is continued directly after the pre-flooding phase , so that the Lösch capablee extinguishing gas concentration a is reached as quickly as possible.
- the point in time t 6 which marks the end of the second holding flooding phase, is either fixed in advance or set manually at a later point in time.
- a manual setting at a later time thus corresponds to a manual reset, which can then take place if it has been determined, for example by manual checking, that after the end of the pre-flooding phase, a fire that has broken out in the enclosed space 6 was not or not sufficiently suppressed.
- the solution according to the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments of the fire-extinguishing system 100 shown in the figures.
- the entire flooding course is set so that the flooding of the enclosed space 6 takes place after a predetermined event sequence.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Operations Research (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2853296A CA2853296C (en) | 2011-12-05 | 2012-10-16 | Method for extinguishing fire in an enclosed room as well as a fire extinguishing system |
AU2012348768A AU2012348768B2 (en) | 2011-12-05 | 2012-10-16 | Method for extinguishing a fire in an enclosed space, and fire extinguishing system |
RU2014127541/12A RU2605681C2 (ru) | 2011-12-05 | 2012-10-16 | Способ тушения пожара в замкнутом пространстве и установка для тушения пожара |
US14/360,757 US9707423B2 (en) | 2011-12-05 | 2012-10-16 | Method for extinguishing a fire in an enclosed space, and fire extinguishing system |
CN201280059671.4A CN103974748B (zh) | 2011-12-05 | 2012-10-16 | 用来在封闭房间中灭火的方法以及灭火系统 |
ZA2014/03558A ZA201403558B (en) | 2011-12-05 | 2014-05-16 | Method for extinguishing a fire in an enclosed space, and fire extinguishing system |
US15/596,749 US10052509B2 (en) | 2011-12-05 | 2017-05-16 | Method for extinguishing a fire in an enclosed space, and fire extinguishing system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP11191891.8A EP2602006B1 (de) | 2011-12-05 | 2011-12-05 | Verfahren zum Löschen eines Brandes in einem umschlossenen Raum sowie Feuerlöschanlage |
EP11191891.8 | 2011-12-05 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US14/360,757 A-371-Of-International US9707423B2 (en) | 2011-12-05 | 2012-10-16 | Method for extinguishing a fire in an enclosed space, and fire extinguishing system |
US15/596,749 Division US10052509B2 (en) | 2011-12-05 | 2017-05-16 | Method for extinguishing a fire in an enclosed space, and fire extinguishing system |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2013083324A1 true WO2013083324A1 (de) | 2013-06-13 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
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PCT/EP2012/070483 WO2013083324A1 (de) | 2011-12-05 | 2012-10-16 | Verfahren zum löschen eines brandes in einem umschlossenen raum sowie feuerlöschanlage |
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US (2) | US9707423B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2602006B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN103974748B (de) |
AU (1) | AU2012348768B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2853296C (de) |
ES (1) | ES2623531T3 (de) |
PL (1) | PL2602006T3 (de) |
PT (1) | PT2602006T (de) |
RU (1) | RU2605681C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2013083324A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA201403558B (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9713732B2 (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2017-07-25 | Meggitt Safety Systems, Inc. | Fire suppressing materials and systems and methods of use |
EP3042698B1 (de) * | 2015-01-09 | 2017-03-08 | Amrona AG | Verfahren und System zum Vorbeugen und/oder Löschen eines Brandes |
US20160206904A1 (en) * | 2015-01-15 | 2016-07-21 | Carrier Corporation | Extended discharge fire protection system and method |
NO3111999T3 (de) * | 2015-07-02 | 2018-05-05 | ||
EP3548148A1 (de) * | 2016-12-01 | 2019-10-09 | Fire Eater A/S | Mehrphasiges feuerinertisierungsgassystem |
CN117065262B (zh) * | 2023-10-17 | 2023-12-12 | 江苏安之技科技发展有限公司 | 一种电气设备自动灭火防复燃系统及方法 |
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DE19811851A1 (de) * | 1998-03-18 | 1999-09-23 | Wagner Alarm Sicherung | Inertisierungsverfahren zur Brandverhütung und -löschung in geschlossenen Räumen |
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EP2186546A1 (de) * | 2008-10-07 | 2010-05-19 | Amrona AG | Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage zur Minderung des Risikos und zum Löschen von Bränden in einem Schutzraum |
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JPS521997A (en) * | 1975-06-16 | 1977-01-08 | Kimimichi Monma | Quick system for extinguishing fire of a multistorey building |
JPH09206399A (ja) * | 1996-02-02 | 1997-08-12 | Shuzo Yamaga | ガス系消火薬剤の放出方法 |
US5918680A (en) * | 1997-02-26 | 1999-07-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Water spray cooling system for extinguishment and post fire suppression of compartment fires |
EP1274490B1 (de) * | 2000-04-17 | 2006-08-09 | Igor K. Kotliar | Hypoxische brandbekämpfungsysteme und atmungsfähige feuerlöschmittel |
GB2386835B (en) * | 2002-03-28 | 2005-04-27 | Kidde Plc | Fire and explosion suppression |
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CN1533814A (zh) | 2003-03-27 | 2004-10-06 | 廖赤虹 | 一种用于封闭空间的火灾预防及灭火设备 |
US7810577B2 (en) * | 2005-08-30 | 2010-10-12 | Federal Express Corporation | Fire sensor, fire detection system, fire suppression system, and combinations thereof |
US7594545B2 (en) * | 2006-01-25 | 2009-09-29 | Ronald Jay Love | System and methods for preventing ignition and fire via a maintained hypoxic environment |
US9033061B2 (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2015-05-19 | Kidde Technologies, Inc. | Fire suppression system and method |
-
2011
- 2011-12-05 ES ES11191891.8T patent/ES2623531T3/es active Active
- 2011-12-05 EP EP11191891.8A patent/EP2602006B1/de active Active
- 2011-12-05 PT PT111918918T patent/PT2602006T/pt unknown
- 2011-12-05 PL PL11191891T patent/PL2602006T3/pl unknown
-
2012
- 2012-10-16 CN CN201280059671.4A patent/CN103974748B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-10-16 CA CA2853296A patent/CA2853296C/en active Active
- 2012-10-16 AU AU2012348768A patent/AU2012348768B2/en active Active
- 2012-10-16 US US14/360,757 patent/US9707423B2/en active Active
- 2012-10-16 RU RU2014127541/12A patent/RU2605681C2/ru active
- 2012-10-16 WO PCT/EP2012/070483 patent/WO2013083324A1/de active Application Filing
-
2014
- 2014-05-16 ZA ZA2014/03558A patent/ZA201403558B/en unknown
-
2017
- 2017-05-16 US US15/596,749 patent/US10052509B2/en active Active
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DE19811851A1 (de) * | 1998-03-18 | 1999-09-23 | Wagner Alarm Sicherung | Inertisierungsverfahren zur Brandverhütung und -löschung in geschlossenen Räumen |
EP1911498A1 (de) * | 2006-10-11 | 2008-04-16 | Amrona AG | Mehrstufiges Inertisierungsverfahren zur Brandverhütung und Brandlöschung in geschlossenen Räumen |
EP2186546A1 (de) * | 2008-10-07 | 2010-05-19 | Amrona AG | Inertgasfeuerlöschanlage zur Minderung des Risikos und zum Löschen von Bränden in einem Schutzraum |
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US20170246489A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
ZA201403558B (en) | 2015-12-23 |
PT2602006T (pt) | 2017-03-08 |
US10052509B2 (en) | 2018-08-21 |
CN103974748A (zh) | 2014-08-06 |
US9707423B2 (en) | 2017-07-18 |
ES2623531T3 (es) | 2017-07-11 |
CA2853296A1 (en) | 2013-06-13 |
PL2602006T3 (pl) | 2017-07-31 |
RU2014127541A (ru) | 2016-02-10 |
US20140345885A1 (en) | 2014-11-27 |
CA2853296C (en) | 2018-08-28 |
CN103974748B (zh) | 2016-11-16 |
EP2602006A1 (de) | 2013-06-12 |
AU2012348768B2 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
RU2605681C2 (ru) | 2016-12-27 |
EP2602006B1 (de) | 2017-02-15 |
AU2012348768A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
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