EP2597206A1 - Fundament und Herstellungsverfahren - Google Patents
Fundament und Herstellungsverfahren Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2597206A1 EP2597206A1 EP11306536.1A EP11306536A EP2597206A1 EP 2597206 A1 EP2597206 A1 EP 2597206A1 EP 11306536 A EP11306536 A EP 11306536A EP 2597206 A1 EP2597206 A1 EP 2597206A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- caisson
- bag
- flexible
- foundation
- foundation according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
- E02D23/16—Jointing caissons to the foundation soil, specially to uneven foundation soil
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
- E02D23/02—Caissons able to be floated on water and to be lowered into water in situ
Definitions
- the instant invention relates to foundations and their methods of manufacture.
- Preparation includes extensive work to provide a surface as planar as possible to receive the foundation.
- the invention relates to a foundation for an off-shore structure.
- JP 1-174727 describes a foundation which is provided as a hollow structure which comprises an envelope made of a top rigid structure and a bottom net.
- the top rigid structure has a base which is placed approximately horizontal. The net will be used to accommodate the space below the level of the base.
- the whole envelope is filled with dense fluid matter such as concrete.
- JP 7-158082 attempts to solve the second problem by pre-levelling a base part using cylinders which define a temporary position for the base part. A colonnade of concrete is then provided below and around the base part, which acts as a formwork for a later filling with concrete.
- the instant invention has notably for object to mitigate those drawbacks.
- a foundation for an off-shore structure comprising:
- the envelope has a flexible bottom which allows it to adapt to any irregularity of the ground. Furthermore, the envelope has flexible peripheral walls which can adapt more easily to the simultaneous flow of concrete or other dense fluid material therein.
- the bag(s) is/are provided over an area that can be optimized and not necessarily over the entire surface of the caisson bottom.
- the concrete is not poured only to provide weight, but mainly to adapt the gravity caisson to the irregular ground. Hence, it provides an adaptable footing for the gravity caisson.
- the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a foundation for an off-shore structure comprising:
- Fig. 1a schematically shows a step of installing foundation for an offshore structure according to an embodiment of the invention.
- An assembly 1 which comprises a bottom portion 2 and a top portion 3 is made to float in the sea 4.
- the bottom portion 2 is to be used as a foundation for an offshore structure, and a top portion 3 can be used as the structure itself, or only a footing on which the structure would be assembled after installation of the assembly.
- the assembly 1 is brought to the suitable location by any suitable means, such as a tug boat 5.
- the submarine ground 6 might comprise irregularities 7.
- the ground may or may not (such as in shown example) be globally horizontal at this location.
- the bottom portion 2 can comprise a hollow caisson 8.
- the caisson 8 is sufficiently massive to be used as a gravity foundation when filled with water or other ballast material.
- the empty caisson weighs more than 1000 tons, for example at least 4000 tons, and is much more heavy than the top structure.
- the caisson is divided in compartments 9a and 9b, in order to allow a sequential ballasting.
- the compartments comprise openings 10 which can be closed, or opened to let sea water 4 fill the compartments, in order to sink the caisson (these openings are not shown on the following figures).
- the caisson 8 has a top surface 8a which receives the top portion 3, and an opposed bottom surface 8b which is designed to face the ground 6.
- one or more bags 13 are provided below the bottom surface 8b of the caisson 8. Only a reduced portion of the bottom surface 8b, for example, less than 60% of this surface, is provided with a bag below.
- the bag(s) 13 can be provided along a peripheral ring provided in the peripheral portion 12 of the caisson.
- the foundation comprises an outer barrier 14, an inner barrier 15, which surround a plurality of bags 13 provided between the two barriers 14 and 15. This will be described in more details below.
- Each bag 13 has an envelope 16 provided with a single opening 17 connected to a duct 118 through which a dense fluid material can be injected into the envelope.
- the foundation further comprises a pre-stabilizing device, such as plurality of hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jacks 18.
- the hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jacks 18 can be provided radially outward of the caisson 8, for example regularly disposed along the periphery of the caisson 8. In the present example, four hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jacks are provided.
- the hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jacks 18 may each comprise a cylinder 19 which is fixed to the caisson 8, and plunger 20 which is movable with respect to the cylinder, and can project below the bottom surface 8b level of the caisson 8.
- Fig. 2a once a suitable location for the foundation is reached, the hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jacks are set so that their plungers 20 extend below the bottom surface 8b of the caisson. Some of the compartments 9a, 9b are filled by water, whereas others remain empty. Hence, the caisson 8 is partly filled with seawater, as shown on Fig. 2a , so as to sink the assembly 1 below the seawater level 4a.
- the envelopes 16 are provided in a suitable material like natural or synthetic rubber, suitable to receive therein concrete or another dense fluid element made of aggregate, cement and synthetic resin. Hence, the envelope 16 has a flexible bottom 21 and flexible lateral sides 22, and is otherwise attached to the caisson 8.
- the inner and outer barriers 14, 15 are provided in a flexible material like polyurethane, which will allow them to adapt to the deformation due to the neighbouring envelopes being filled with concrete, and also to adapt to irregularities of the ground.
- an example of an inner barrier 15 is provided.
- the barrier 15 will be provided as a plurality of flexible straps 23 which are spaced apart along the peripheral direction of the caisson 8.
- Each strap 23 extends along its longitudinal direction between two ends 23a and 23b attached to the caisson 8.
- the bottom portion 23c of each strap will also be able to adjust to the irregularities of the ground in the other direction (Y).
- a flexible envelope 24 is provided to join the straps 23 together, and is stretchable and flexible in order to allow for different geometries of the neighbouring straps 23.
- Fig. 2b the next step of providing the foundation would be discussed.
- the first part of the assembly which touches the ground are the plungers 20 of the hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jacks 18.
- the hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jacks 18 can be commanded so that the caisson 8 is stabilized to be approximately horizontal (the top portion should be placed about vertical).
- the caisson 8 is about horizontal.
- the inner and outer barriers 15, 14 are in contact or close to contacting the irregular ground 6. This of course depends on the irregularities 7 of the ground.
- the inner and outer barriers 14 and 15 and the ground 6 serve as a formwork for the concrete to be injected or poured into the envelopes 16.
- other compartments 9a, 9b can be opened, to be filled with water, to improve stability of the caisson, while still other compartments remain empty.
- outer and inner barriers 14, 15 When outer and inner barriers 14, 15 are used such as in the present case, they act as a formwork, thereby preventing the lateral sides 22 from being deformed too much under concrete pouring. Even in the event that the lateral sides 22 or bottom surface 21 would be torn during the pouring of the concrete, the barriers might be used as a liner, i.e. an additional external envelope preventing the concrete to be poured boundless below the caisson and/or around. As can be seen on Fig. 1b , this applies to the inward and outward lateral sides 22.
- the peripheral lateral sides it can be provided with a plurality of envelopes 16 adjacent to one another, and thus having adjacent peripheral walls. In such case, neighbour envelopes being poured simultaneously with concrete can be used also as a formwork for one another.
- the above operation provides a footing for the caisson 8.
- an efficient link between the caisson 8 and the ground 6 is provided.
- the poured concrete 25 is used to fill in the space between the bottom surface 8 of the caisson and the irregular ground 6, at suitable locations to offer stability of the caisson 8. These locations can be precisely pre-determined before hand.
- the volume of poured concrete can amount only to a few percents of the overall volume of the foundation, for example less than 15%, or even less than 5%.
- an empty space 27 is provided below the casing. Hence, the bags are provided to let an empty space 27 between the caisson 8 and the ground 6.
- This empty space 27 can have any suitable shape as dictated by the specificities of the installation.
- the concrete may have set and hardened, and the caisson 8 might be totally filled with seawater, such as shown on Fig. 2f .
- the weight of water is of the order of the weight of the empty caisson, for example about 70%-130% of the weight of the empty caisson.
- the hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jacks might be considered useless, and can be removed, if needed. It is provided with a foundation which is gravity based, and has a very efficient link to any kind of irregular grounds 6.
- Fig. 4 now shows another embodiment of the invention.
- the various envelopes may be provided along one or more longitudinal axis of the bottom portion 2 rather than as a ring as shown on Fig. 1b .
- the flexible bottom 21 of the envelopes adapt to the irregular ground 6, and how the flexible lateral sides 22 of adjacent envelopes cooperate with one another.
- This outer envelope 26 will be attached to the caisson 8 and will act as a liner, i.e. will prevent concrete from pouring into the sea in case of unexpected tearing of one of the envelopes 16. It may therefore surround the envelope 16 below their bottom and around their outmost sides.
- caissons any shape and arrangement of caissons, and envelopes and hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jacks can be used in variants.
- the caisson could be polygonal, with hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jacks 18 provided at each side.
- the envelopes 16 may be individual envelopes provided at each corner of the polygon.
- the caisson 8 might be cylindrical as explained before. As shown on Fig. 6 , only three hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jacks 18 are regularly spaced around the periphery of the caisson 8. Envelopes 16 are provided below the caisson, each corresponding to a hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jack 18. Additional envelopes 16 can be provided, such as a central envelope 16.
- Fig. 7 basically corresponds to the embodiment of Fig. 6 , with the difference that each bag is provided as a plurality (here three) of envelopes 16 adjacent to one another.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
- Devices For Medical Bathing And Washing (AREA)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20110306536 EP2597206B1 (de) | 2011-11-22 | 2011-11-22 | Fundament und Herstellungsverfahren |
DK11306536T DK2597206T3 (da) | 2011-11-22 | 2011-11-22 | Fundament og fremstillingsfremgangsmåde |
ES11306536.1T ES2480718T3 (es) | 2011-11-22 | 2011-11-22 | Cimientos y método de fabricación |
PCT/EP2012/073220 WO2013076133A2 (en) | 2011-11-22 | 2012-11-21 | Foundation and method of manufacture |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20110306536 EP2597206B1 (de) | 2011-11-22 | 2011-11-22 | Fundament und Herstellungsverfahren |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2597206A1 true EP2597206A1 (de) | 2013-05-29 |
EP2597206B1 EP2597206B1 (de) | 2014-05-07 |
Family
ID=47215577
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20110306536 Active EP2597206B1 (de) | 2011-11-22 | 2011-11-22 | Fundament und Herstellungsverfahren |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2597206B1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK2597206T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2480718T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2013076133A2 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103669379A (zh) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-03-26 | 中交一航局第二工程有限公司 | 无基床整平的筑岛沉箱及施工方法 |
GB2534874A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2016-08-10 | Marine Current Turbines Ltd | Base for offshore structure |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6643179B2 (ja) * | 2016-05-06 | 2020-02-12 | 東亜建設工業株式会社 | 構造物の水底着底判断方法および水底着底判断システム |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS57209332A (en) * | 1981-06-16 | 1982-12-22 | Penta Ocean Constr Co Ltd | Caisson setting work |
US4695200A (en) * | 1986-06-02 | 1987-09-22 | Chevron Research Company | Membrane seal for a removable bottom founded structure |
JPS62276124A (ja) * | 1986-05-26 | 1987-12-01 | Kimitaka Kondo | 上げ底ケ−ソンの据え付け工法 |
JPS6327625A (ja) * | 1986-07-22 | 1988-02-05 | Taisei Corp | 水中構造物の基礎施工方法 |
JPH01174727A (ja) | 1987-12-26 | 1989-07-11 | Bridgestone Corp | 水中コンクリート施工用型枠 |
JPH07158082A (ja) | 1993-12-06 | 1995-06-20 | Kajima Corp | 水中ケーソンの着底方法 |
-
2011
- 2011-11-22 EP EP20110306536 patent/EP2597206B1/de active Active
- 2011-11-22 DK DK11306536T patent/DK2597206T3/da active
- 2011-11-22 ES ES11306536.1T patent/ES2480718T3/es active Active
-
2012
- 2012-11-21 WO PCT/EP2012/073220 patent/WO2013076133A2/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS57209332A (en) * | 1981-06-16 | 1982-12-22 | Penta Ocean Constr Co Ltd | Caisson setting work |
JPS62276124A (ja) * | 1986-05-26 | 1987-12-01 | Kimitaka Kondo | 上げ底ケ−ソンの据え付け工法 |
US4695200A (en) * | 1986-06-02 | 1987-09-22 | Chevron Research Company | Membrane seal for a removable bottom founded structure |
JPS6327625A (ja) * | 1986-07-22 | 1988-02-05 | Taisei Corp | 水中構造物の基礎施工方法 |
JPH01174727A (ja) | 1987-12-26 | 1989-07-11 | Bridgestone Corp | 水中コンクリート施工用型枠 |
JPH07158082A (ja) | 1993-12-06 | 1995-06-20 | Kajima Corp | 水中ケーソンの着底方法 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103669379A (zh) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-03-26 | 中交一航局第二工程有限公司 | 无基床整平的筑岛沉箱及施工方法 |
GB2534874A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2016-08-10 | Marine Current Turbines Ltd | Base for offshore structure |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2013076133A2 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
DK2597206T3 (da) | 2014-08-04 |
EP2597206B1 (de) | 2014-05-07 |
WO2013076133A3 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
ES2480718T3 (es) | 2014-07-28 |
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