Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B30—PRESSES
  • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
  • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
  • B30B11/20—Roller-and-ring machines, i.e. with roller disposed within a ring and co-operating with the inner surface of the ring
  • B30B11/201—Roller-and-ring machines, i.e. with roller disposed within a ring and co-operating with the inner surface of the ring for extruding material
  • B30B11/208—Roller constructions; Mounting of the rollers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
  • B01J2/20—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by expressing the material, e.g. through sieves and fragmenting the extruded length
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B30—PRESSES
  • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
  • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
  • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
  • B30B11/228—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using pressing means, e.g. rollers moving over a perforated die plate
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B30—PRESSES
  • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
  • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
  • B30B15/0005—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing for briquetting presses
  • B30B15/0011—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing for briquetting presses lubricating means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B30—PRESSES
  • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
  • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
  • B30B15/34—Heating or cooling presses or parts thereof

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a machine for producing granules by pressing various powdery materials, such as wood chips or food products.
• the granules are made using such machines by compression and extrusion of the powder material between a fixed element and at least one rotary element. More particularly, the material is crushed between at least one compression roll and the wall of a compression chamber, forming a die, and having holes on its periphery to form the granules.
• the at least one compression roller is mounted inside the compression chamber, in the form of a cylinder.
• the chamber and the rollers are mounted on respective shafts, uprights or arms, which may be on the one hand either horizontal or vertical, and on the other hand either fixed or rotated.
• the granules are evacuated at the lower part of the periphery of the chamber.
• rollers are freely rotatably mounted on a common shaft or arm, either directly or via a shaft each.
• the invention can be applied to all these types of pelletizing machines.
• FIGS. 1 to 8 show the possible configurations by distinguishing the machines according to whether the rotated shaft is vertical (FIGS. 1 to 4) or horizontal (FIGS. 5 to 8).
• Figures 1 and 2 show machines said vertical shaft where the chamber is fixed and the rollers are mounted on a horizontal common shaft itself rotated by a vertical shaft.
• Figures 3 and 4 show machines with vertical shaft where:
• the chamber is rotated along a vertical shaft and constitutes a rotor
• rollers are mounted free rotation on a horizontal fixed common shaft.
• FIGs 5 and 6 show machines with horizontal shaft in which:
• the chamber is rotated along a horizontal shaft and constitutes a rotor
• rollers are mounted for free rotation on two respective arms which are themselves connected to a fixed horizontal support arm.
• Figures 7 and 8 show machines with horizontal shaft where the chamber is fixed and the rollers are mounted freely rotatable on two respective horizontal shafts themselves connected to a horizontal shaft driven in rotation.
• pellet machines raise two major problems, namely lubrication on the one hand and cooling on the other. Lubrication is necessary to reduce the wear of rotating parts.
• French Patent No. 2,863,184 has proposed lubricating means in which the used lubricant is removed from the machine. The used lubricant therefore does not come into contact with the powdery materials to be treated, contrary to the prior art in which the used lubricant was previously mixed with the granules produced, which of course adversely affects the quality and hygiene of the granules produced and This prohibits this means for certain applications of the "food" type except to use a food lubricant, expensive and less efficient.
• This known device gives complete satisfaction with regard to lubrication.
• the present invention provides such a machine.
• the machine for producing granules from a material, by pressure comprising:
• a compression chamber mounted either fixed or rotated on said central shaft, and whose outer wall is a die extrusion material;
• At least one compression roller mounted free rotation on an arm or secondary shaft in the chamber and whose periphery is in contact with the inner wall of the latter;
• Rotating drive means is the chamber, or said secondary shaft, or both;
• Lubricating means of the rotating elements comprising lubricant circuits, able to remove the used lubricant out of the machine;
• said "return” means of the used lubricant inside the machine are means for cooling the latter.
• the fluid has coolant properties, in addition to its lubricating properties.
• the passage of used lubricant in the machine, before evacuation out of it, is located at least partly in said central shaft provided for this purpose with a central recess.
• the machine is of the type in which the central shaft is fixed.
• the entire length of the fixed central shaft is used for the passage and return of used lubricant.
• the lubrication means comprise two "go" circuits supplying lubricant, namely:
• the lubricating means further comprise a lubricant recovery tank that has been used, connected to filtering means and cleaning the lubricant. These means are associated with means for regulating and measuring the flow rate, the latter being themselves connected to each of said "feed" feed circuits of regenerated lubricant.
• FIGS. 1 to 4 are schematic diagrams of pelletizing machines, called vertical shaft;
• FIGS. 5 to 8 are schematic diagrams of pelletizing machines, called horizontal shaft;
• FIG. 9 shows a sectional view in a vertical plane of the machine of Figure 5;
• FIG. 10 shows a longitudinal sectional view (in a vertical plane) of a machine of the type of Figure 5;
• Figure 1 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view (along a vertical plane) of a machine of the type of Figure 3.
• lower and upper refer to a position relative to the ground or flow direction of the treated materials.
• the principle of these machines is to subject to compression and extrusion, materials that are fed into a compression chamber provided with at least one (and preferably two) rotary compression roller, the materials being crushed between the roller or rollers and the die formed by the walls of the chamber.
• Figures 1 to 8 are schematic diagrams of different types of pellet machines to which the invention applies. Identical or similar elements from one figure to another bear the same references. The rotating parts are represented in gray and the fixed parts in black. Figures 1 and 2 show so-called vertical shaft machines where the chamber is fixed and the rollers are mounted on a horizontal common shaft, itself rotated by a vertical shaft.
• a compression chamber 2 of cylindrical shape with circular base, vertical axis X-X.
• the chamber 2 comprises an open top wall 3, in the form of a flat ring, a longitudinal lateral wall in the form of a ring 4 and a bottom 5 provided with holes 6.
• two compression rollers 7 and 8 are mounted to freely rotate on a horizontal shaft 9.
• the periphery of the rollers 7 and 8 is in contact with the bottom 5 of the chamber 2, and more specifically the bottom zone 5 provided with holes 6.
• the bottom zone 5 and the holes 6 form a die for the formation of granules.
• the horizontal shaft 9 is integral with a vertical shaft 10 centered on the axis of symmetry X-X and mounted on a bearing 1 1 fixed and resting on the ground or frame 1.
• the chamber rests on the ground or the frame 1 by said bearing 11.
• the vertical shaft 10 is rotated (arrow F) by known means not shown.
• the chamber 2 is fixed and the rollers 7 and 8 are rotated on one hand on themselves (arrows G and H), and on the other hand around the vertical shaft 10 (arrow F).
• the arrows I and J schematically symbolize the flow of compressed powder materials, then transformed into granules and finally evacuated.
• the powdery materials to be treated are conveyed in the chamber 2 through the opening provided in the upper annular wall 3, then are crushed between the bottom 5 of the chamber and the compression rollers 7 and 8, before being extruded into the form of granulated by the holes provided 6 in the bottom 5, then removed from the chamber.
• the machine of FIG. 2 is a variant of that of FIG. 1 in that:
• the chamber 2 rests on the ground or built 1 by a 1 1A fixed amount;
• rollers 7 and 8 The rotation of the rollers 7 and 8 is driven by a vertical shaft 10A (integral with a horizontal shaft 9) by the upper part of the chamber 2.
• Figures 3 and 4 show machine diagrams in which it is the chamber 2 which is rotated (arrow K) while the rollers turn on themselves on a fixed common shaft.
• rollers 7 and 8 are mounted in free rotation (arrows G and H) on a fixed horizontal common arm 12, itself secured to a vertical upright 13 integral with the ground or frame 1.
• the chamber 2 is mounted on a rotating bearing 14 secured to the bottom 5 and collinear to the upright 13 supporting the shaft 12.
• FIG. 4 is a variant of that of Figure 3, wherein the fixed horizontal arm 12 carrying the rollers 7 and 8 is integral with a vertical post 13A opening from the upper wall 3 of the open chamber 2 and the distal end is attached to a fixed structure (not shown).
• the chamber 2 is rotatably mounted on a vertical shaft 14A.
• Figures 5 to 8 are horizontal shaft machine diagrams.
• Figures 5 and 6 show machines in which the chamber 2 is rotated (arrow L) along a horizontal shaft and constitutes a rotor.
• the rollers are mounted for free rotation on two respective arms themselves connected to a fixed vertical shaft.
• the rotor chamber 2 comprises an open front wall 3 in the form of a flat ring, a rear end 5, and an annular wall 4 provided with holes 15.
• the rollers 7 and 8 are mounted to free rotation each on a horizontal auxiliary arm, respectively 16 and 17.
• the latter are secured to a vertical fixed secondary upright 18 which is fixed on a horizontal arm 19.
• the rotor chamber 2 is integral with a rotating bearing 20 (on the opposite side to the open front wall 3) itself rotating around the main shaft 19.
• the chamber, driven in rotation (arrow L), is secured to a rotating shaft 21, while the vertical fixed secondary post 18 (carrying the rollers 7 and 8) is secured to an arm main horizontal 19A opening since the opening of the front wall 3 of the rotor 2.
• Figures 7 and 8 show machines where the chamber 2 is fixed and the rollers 7 and 8 rotate on one hand on themselves (arrows G and H) and on the other hand (arrow N) around a horizontal shaft Central 22.
• rollers are mounted for free rotation each on a respective horizontal auxiliary shaft 16, 17.
• the latter are integral with a secondary support arm 23 rotating in a vertical plane and fixed on the horizontal rotating main shaft 22.
• FIG. 9 shows a diagrammatic section, in a vertical plane of the compression chamber, of the machine of FIG.
• the two compression rollers 7 and 8 rotate around their respective fixed shafts 16 and 17.
• the rollers are in close contact, or are flush with, or are very close to the inner face of the annular wall 4 of the room 2.
• Figure 10 shows a sectional view of a machine according to Figure 5, and where the similar elements have the same references.
• the machine comprises a central horizontal main shaft 19, along an axis YY, and fixed in a known manner cantilever on a central frame shown in dotted line, by a proximal end 190.
• Those skilled in the art can refer to French Patent No. 2,863,184, which describes a machine of this type.
• distal and proximal refer to the situation of an element respectively close to and far from the chamber.
• a compression and granulation chamber 2 On the side of the distal end 191 of the main shaft is provided a compression and granulation chamber 2 in the form of an annular rotor with a circular base and YY axis. Feeding means, known in themselves and not shown, make it possible to convey powdery materials into the granulation chamber (preferably in the central part of the latter).
• two compression rollers 7 and 8 are mounted for free rotation, each around a fixed auxiliary arm, respectively 16 and 17 parallel to the main shaft 19, each via a bearing or bearing 26, 27 (of the type known per se, for example with needles).
• the fixed auxiliary arms 16 and 17 are integral with the distal end 191 of the main shaft 19.
• the two rollers 7 and 8 are in close contact with or very close to the inner face 4A of the annular wall 4 (or die) of the rotor chamber 2.
• the annular wall is provided with holes or holes 15, evenly distributed on the periphery of said annular wall 4. The holes form with the wall 4 a die.
• a rotating hub 28 is rotatably mounted on the shaft 19, via a central bearing 29 and a distal bearing 30 (of known types).
• the hub 28 is integral on the one hand with the rotor chamber 2, and on the other hand with a pulley 31 mounted on the main shaft 19.
• a belt (not shown) is able to bear on a part of the cylindrical periphery pulley 31, which is preferably provided with asperities or notches.
• the belt is itself connected to another pulley rotated by a motor (the motor, the other pulley and the belt are known in themselves and are not shown).
• the injected materials (arrow M1) in the compression chamber 2 are compressed and compressed between the inner wall 4A of the chamber 2 and the outer surface of the compression rollers 7 and 8.
• the crushed material is then extruded through the orifices 15 provided. on the annular wall of the chamber 2, resulting in the creation of granules of material. Then, these granules fall by gravity out of the orifices 15 (arrow M2).
• the machine comprises a lubricating circuit of the rotating elements and further ensuring the cooling thereof, said circuit comprising:
• a "go" circuit for conveying a lubricating and cooling liquid from an external source to the rotating elements, namely the bearings: on the one hand central 29 and distal 30 of the pulley 31, and on the other hand 26 and 27 of the rolls 7 and 8; -
• a "return” circuit to recover the used or polluted liquid on the one hand and loaded with calories on the other hand, after passing through the bearings and send it back to treatment and recycling means.
• the inlets and / or outlets of the lubricant and heat transfer fluid may have several variants, such as for example at the ends:
• the evacuation of polluted and calorie laden liquid can be carried out from the front of the machine.
• the “return” liquid circulates, according to the invention, in the body of the machine, and in particular at the level of the bearings (where the rise in temperature is the most important with regard to the crushing of the material).
• the “return” liquid thus participates in cooling the bearings and the machine.
• the fixed main shaft 19 is hollow and comprises along its entire length, a central cylindrical recess 32 which borrows the two lubrication circuits respectively "go” (black color) and “return” (gray color).
• the "go" lubrication circuit shown in black color, includes:
• first channel 33 and a second channel arranged parallel and longitudinally in the central recess 32 of the shaft 19, each proximal end 33A and 34A of which is connected to a source of liquid, in this case a reservoir 35, for feeding the liquid to the respective bearings 26 and 27 of the compression rolls 7 and 8;
• a third channel 36 disposed in the central longitudinal recess 32 and the proximal end 36A is connected to said reservoir 35 and the distal end 36B opens via a transverse line 37 in the central bearing 29 (of the pulley 31); an inner conduit 38 connects the latter to the proximal bearing 30 (of the pulley 31).
• the distal ends 33A, 34A and 36A of the respective channels 33, 34 and 36 are connected to the reservoir 35 via a distribution box 39, a submerged pump 40 controlled by a motor 41 and connected to a plunger pipe 40A.
• the "return" lubrication circuit includes the central recess 32 provided inside the main shaft 19, and whose distal end 32A opens into the reservoir 35 via a vertical transverse evacuation conduit 42, in order to evacuate the polluted or used lubricating liquid on the one hand and loaded with calories on the other hand.
• cassette seals of a type known per se and comprising a ring set on the axis to which is fitted a second ring set on the bore, and several sealing lips.
• types of seal most appropriate to the machine, depending on the conditions of use: pressure on both sides of the lip of the seal, produced on both sides of the seal , speed of rotation, temperature, mechanical conditions of use and assembly, etc.
• the "forward" lubrication channels 33 and 34 convey the lubricant each to a compression roller 7, 8 via a respective bypass
• the branches 43 and 44 transverse to the axis YY, located at the proximal end 191 of the shaft 19.
• the branches 43 and 44 are extended by a respective longitudinal duct 45, 46, each connected to a transverse duct 47, 48 opening into the respective bearing 26, 27 of each roller 7, 8.
• the used liquid is discharged from each of the bearings 29, 30, 26, 27 by the "return" circuit to waste fluid treatment and recycling means which are described in detail hereinafter (FIG. 10).
• the "return” circuit discharges the liquid having lubricated the bearings 26 and 27 of the rollers 7 and 8 and also loaded with calories, towards the recess internal longitudinal 32 of the shaft 19 via the pipes connected together and following (starting from the rollers):
• the "return" circuit connects the central and distal bearings 30 and 30 to the inner longitudinal recess 32 via radial pipes 55, 56 that are slightly oblique.
• the overall lubrication circuit thus comprises the tank 35 containing lubricating liquid, from which the "go" circuit and into which the "return" circuit opens.
• the pumping, filtering and cooling means operate continuously; there is therefore no device for separating the lubricating liquids, respectively clean and cooled from the "go" circuit and polluted and hot circuit "return".
• the liquid coming from the internal recess 32 (evacuated via the evacuation pipe 42):
• the "return” liquid circulates, according to the invention, in the body of the machine, and in particular at the level of the bearings (where the rise in temperature is the most important with regard to the crushing of the material. lubricant and coolant, so as to lubricate and participate actively in the cooling of the machine and in particular the bearings.
• the machine according to the invention further comprises means for treating and recycling the lubricant discharged and constituted or comprising a heat transfer fluid (or caloriporteur), connected to the tank 35, and comprising a filtration unit 57 receiving liquid from the tank via a pipe 58 immersed via a pump 59 (associated with a motor 60) and reinjecting the treated liquid in the tank by a leads 61.
• a heat transfer fluid or caloriporteur
• the filtration unit 57 and / or the distribution box 39 further include means for measuring and controlling flow, associated with pressure measuring and control means, known in themselves and not shown.
• the treatment means 57 comprise a heat exchanger system for evacuating the calories of the liquid taken from the reservoir before reinjection (purified and cooled) into the reservoir.
• the "go" circuit and the “return” circuit thus constitute a sealed internal circuit in which circulates the fluid, both lubricant and coolant, which irrigates the rolling elements of the bearings and / or the parts in friction. This fluid is recovered outside the machine, then filtered,
• FIG. 11 shows a variant of said machine with a vertical axis and more precisely of the type of FIG. 3, seen in longitudinal section, in a vertical plane, and where the elements similar to those of FIG. 10 include the same references.
• the main central shaft is vertical, and the elements are, relative to those of the machine of Figure 10, in the horizontal and vertical inverted position respectively.
• the fixed auxiliary shafts 16 and 17 carrying the rollers 7 and 8 are horizontal and the bottom wall 4 of the chamber 2, in the form of a flat ring, is rotated by the bearing 28 integral with the pulley 31.
• the internal channels 33, 34 and 36, of the "go" circuit, are arranged in the hollow main shaft 19 are connected by their proximal end 33A, 34A and 36A to the tank 35 of liquid, and by their distal end to the bearings 29 and 30 of the bearing 28 and the bearings 26 and 27 of the rollers 7 and 8.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Formation And Processing Of Food Products (AREA)
• Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

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Family

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Family Applications (1)

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• 2010
  • 2010-07-22 FR FR1056008A patent/FR2962922B1/fr active Active
• 2011
  • 2011-07-21 WO PCT/FR2011/051772 patent/WO2012010810A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2011-07-21 EP EP11752275.5A patent/EP2595739A1/de not_active Ceased

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