EP2595708A1

EP2595708A1 - Combined heating, cooling and fire-extinguishing installation for buildings

Info

Publication number: EP2595708A1
Application number: EP11725815.2A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Peter Kammer
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2010-07-23
Filing date: 2011-05-13
Publication date: 2013-05-29
Also published as: CH703495A2; WO2012010987A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a combined heating, cooling and fire extinguishing installation which automatically assures all the different requirements of the three modes of operation, using a pipe system and the elements necessary to this end such as sensors, pumps, valves and an installation control system. The present invention discloses an economically viable combination of a fire protection installation and a fire alarm installation, with fire extinguishing nozzles, said combination automatically triggering fighting of the fire in a targeted and local manner by means of an intelligent installation control system.

Description

Combined heating, cooling and fire extinguishing system for buildings

The present invention relates to a combined heating, cooling and fire extinguishing system for buildings according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

An integrated system for buildings will be presented, which will heat in winter, cool in summer and, in the event of a fire, trigger a local and targeted extinguishing process due to an alarm triggered by a fire alarm system.

Combining central fire extinguishing systems with heating and cooling circuits fails because sprinklers or nozzles have been reacting to heat in the room for many years and normally. For local triggering on the sprinklers and / or nozzles, glass ampoules (glass kegs) or fusible links have been installed which, depending on the temperature (or heat) in the monitored room, trigger the fire extinguishing process. This type of tripping has the disadvantage that with an increase in the room temperature, which is necessary for triggering the system, the fire already burns a long time. The automatic triggering is in many Cases so late that at this time already major damage to property or personal injury is.

In addition, the firing temperature of fusible link can change significantly over the years, which is why the release temperature in the new state with great "certainty" sets so as not to risk trips at the wrong time or without necessity.

Conventional fire protection systems can today hardly be combined with a heating system in which the same circuit is used for heating and extinguishing medium. The temperature difference between the hot / warm circulating water for the heater and the triggering of a glass cask is too small to be sure to risk any unwanted tripping and yet, in order to avoid major damage, to fire extinguishing at relatively low temperatures. Especially in heating systems that are equipped with radiators and therefore operate at relatively high temperatures, the risk would be too great that the system would be triggered unintentionally. Of course, the uncertainty becomes greater when the triggering temperature shifts due to the changed properties of the substances in the glass kegs and / or fusible link. Nevertheless, various similar systems have been considered and filed for patents. For example, EP1443277 shows a cooling circuit with a central sprinkler system. For reasons just described just the combination of a cooling system is treated with a fire protection system.

There are also fire alarm systems which react to smoke or firelight. However, these are usually not used for the automatic triggering of fire extinguishing systems, but alarm caretaker, fire or police. Depending on the situation, the persons called in will then decide whether a fire extinguishment will be sufficient locally on site, or whether a squad of the fire brigade is necessary. A squad of firefighters takes so that in most cases the fire at the time of recognition is usually very advanced and at most already affects more parts of the object, before finally an effective measure can be taken.

It is obvious that one would like to use the alarm, which is triggered locally by a fire alarm system because of smoke, firelight or temperature, for an automatic extinguishing system. You could gain a lot of time. It has been proven that the Damage is smaller, the faster and more targeted action is taken. The goal would be a quick automatic fire extinguishing, but certainly only on an incident such as smoke, firelight, fire or heat responds, and then only locally used where the incident occurs.

The faster and more targeted a fire can be fought, the smaller the expected damage. This applies in any case to the extent of property damage. But also personal injury can be prevented if the fire, e.g. is discovered and suppressed, before all escape routes are blocked.

Fire protection systems react to temperature and extinguish only after reaching greater heat, so after relatively strong expansion of a fire. Although it is deleted immediately, locally and specifically, but the already incurred damage at the time of release is already relatively large. On smoldering fires which are characterized mainly by large smoke development, the fire protection system does not respond. This is especially dangerous for people. Often the liiiliii property damage in smoldering fires is relatively low, but often come already people by smoke poisoning to harm. The advantage of that Plant of this type allows the local and targeted triggering of individual sprinklers or nozzles, but you should get.

In order to detect smoldering fires in time with smoke, fire alarm systems are used

Smoke sensors on. For cost reasons, one often dispenses with installing both fire protection systems with fire extinguishing nozzles and fire alarm systems with smoke and temperature sensors. In older buildings, the subsequent installation of a fire alarm system is a lot easier anyway and makes sense. Electric cables are much easier to lay in old buildings than liquid-carrying cables.

For the modern way of building, eg for passive houses, a combined heating, cooling and fire protection system on which this invention is based is cost-effective and optimal. Their installation is also acceptable in terms of costs during the construction of the building. The cost of the line system correspond approximately to that of a heating system. The cost of the additional (in the case of the combined system unnecessary) cooling system and / or fire protection system is the cost of a fire alarm system with sensors and centralized control of a combined plant.

The figures (FIGS. 1-4) qualitatively show how the extent of the damage depends on the use of the means available. It follows that already the use of

Fire protection systems and fire alarm systems cause large reductions in the expected damage. However, an alarm of the fire alarm systems is usually no immediate deletion.

The present invention is now the task of known fire protection systems and

To combine fire alarm systems for buildings with cooling and heating systems in such a way that the advantages of fire protection and fire alarm systems are used by a heating and cooling system simultaneously has the properties of a fire protection system and a central control controls the various tasks of the system and automatically controls ,

This task is solved by a combined heating, cooling and fire extinguishing system with the characteristics of

Further features of the invention are apparent from the dependent claims and their Advantages are explained in the following description.

In the drawing shows:

Fig 1 Time sequence of a fire with

Scope of damage, without fire protection system and without fire alarm system.

Fig 2 Chronological sequence of a fire with

Fire alarm system, but without fire protection system.

Fig 3 Time sequence of a fire with

Fire protection system / fire extinguishing device e.g. Sprinkler.

Fig 4 Chronological sequence of a fire with

Fire alarm system with automatic triggering of the fire protection system.

5 shows a simplified representation of a combined

Heating, cooling and fire extinguishing system for buildings.

The figures represent possible embodiments, which will be explained in the following description. The extent of the damage is determined by the so-called "pre-burning time", which is the time that elapses from the beginning of a fire to the first action directly aimed at combating the fire.The longer the pre-burning time, the greater the damage to primary and secondary damage. It does not matter if the action consists of curbing the ignition energy, suppressing the supply of oxygen, or removing fuel, which of these three elements that are necessarily present at the same time for a fire

Firefighting, of course, affects the efficiency of firefighting and depends on the situation. In the planning can be considered whether you By using water or water mist to reduce the ignition energy, reducing the amount of oxygen required for the fire by adding nitrogen, or by removing the fuel, the fire is contained.

In the following description and FIGS. 1-4, the pre-firing time is not described and also not shown. It has a direct impact on the magnitude of the damage and is therefore logically linked in its order of magnitude: the longer the pre-burning time, the greater the damage 44.

In FIG. 1, the sequence of events in the case of a fire outbreak is shown above (the time t represented by an arrow), as it can proceed without a fire protection system and without a fire alarm system. An indeterminate, in unobserved situation usually quite long time t, it takes up to the fire detection 40. The Anrückzeit 41 of the fire department takes time and only then takes place the firefighting 42 of the fire department. Because firefighting takes a lot of time up to the firefighting 42, the damage 44 takes a long time and the damage will be correspondingly large.

Already the use of a fire alarm system, as it is installed in existing, possibly also historic buildings, helps to reduce the time to fire detection 40. It can be assumed that the fire alarm system detects the fire quickly, so that the Anrückzeit 41 of the fire department starts earlier. In Fig 2 it is shown how with a fire alarm system, the whole process is shorter in time, because the alarm usually makes more quickly aware of the occurrence case. The damage 44 becomes shorter, thus reducing the extent of the damage. In old buildings, it is preferred for reasons of effort and aesthetic possibilities, the retrofitting of a easily retrofitted with electrical lines fire alarm. However, the installation of a fire protection ^¬ plant with extinguishing agent lines and fire extinguishers can be housed poorly in many existing buildings, without destroying the substance. But if it were still possible, the installation of a fire protection system would cause a much greater effort than that of a fire alarm system.

In new buildings, especially in industrial, commercial, office and residential buildings to build fire protection systems with sprinklers or nozzles. In Fig 3 is shown how the fire detection 40 'the fire extinguishing nozzle insert 43 of

Fire protection system triggers automatically. Nevertheless, it may take some time until the fire detection 40 is done for example by a person and the fire department is mobilized. Meanwhile, the fire extinguishers of the fire protection system provide their service regardless of whether the fire is already extinguished. Nevertheless, the damage effect 44 and causes a considerable reduction of the damage caused, which, however, can still be significant due to considerable water damage.

An even safer option is the simultaneous installation of a fire protection system and a fire alarm system for the monitoring of smoke, firelight, temperature and, depending on the situation, other incidents such as fire. Gas detection. However, this only causes a slight improvement in the situation, since a conventional, automatically triggering fire protection system reacts relatively late, while on the triggered by the fast-response fire alarm system alarm as shown in Figure 2, yet to be reacted.

FIG. 4 shows how the system according to the invention reacts more quickly when the fire extinguishing nozzle insert 43 is automatically triggered by the fire alarm system. The damage time 44 is significantly reduced and the extent of the damage can be kept much smaller. Condition for this type of plant is the use of fire extinguishers, which through the fire alarm system via a smart Investment control 11 (Figure 5), targeted and can be triggered locally. In EP 2037018 such fire extinguishing nozzles are presented, and in the following such a combined system is described.

For heating, cooling and fire extinguishing systems known piping systems 1 are used. In all such systems circulates a transport medium, which is adapted to the criteria of use. For refrigerators, e.g. Sole used many times, so that the freezing point of the transport medium drops below 0 ° C. This avoids the freezing of the lines, if in summer strong cooling is required. For a combined plant, one will choose for economical reasons as a transport medium, a mixture based on water. Water is a good heat carrier and can be used with additives for low temperatures in the range of 0 ° C. With other additives, which have hardly any influence on the property of the transport medium as a heat transfer medium, this can be optimized for fire protection. in the

Fire extinguishing becomes the amount in the

Piping system 1 plus reservoir 3 hardly enough. If the basis of the transport medium is water, the additional and significant need for the Fire can be supplemented without problems eg with water from the municipal piping system.

To a piping system 1 of the type presented include circulating pumps 22, a circuit with in Figure 5 by arrows forward and reverse, a heating unit 24, a cooling unit 23 and a supply line 2, with the loss of the piping system 1 by means of feed pump 25 with an open valve 27 fresh transport medium can be supplied. Advantageously, a reserve of the transport medium with the right mixture stored in a reservoir 3, so that when replenishment small amounts into the piping system 1, the correct mixture of the transport medium can be refilled. Depending on the situation, the installation of a combined heating, cooling and fire-extinguishing system can already be worthwhile for the use of a room in which e.g. particularly sensitive goods are stored.

In order to ensure the fire protection of such rooms 30 ', 30''combi sensors 12 and fire extinguishing nozzles 21 are provided (Figure 4). In order for the fire-extinguishing nozzles 21 to function in the event of a fire, a pressure> 1 bar must always be present in the pipeline system 1 being held. Such pressure is necessary so that the fire-extinguishing nozzles 21 can generate the correct mist in case of fire. The

Pipe system 1 is monitored by the pressure sensor 14. The combination sensors 12 are modern sensors, as they are already used in fire alarm systems. They react in case of fire by reacting to smoke, firelight and too high temperature (heat). The reaction to smoke and firelight allows a very early intervention. The fire has usually developed little heat and the damage already existing is usually small. This is one of the main advantages over a fire protection system equipped with sprinklers. Sprinklers only react to heat by bursting the glass kegs, clearing the way for the extinguishing medium.

For a combined heating, cooling and fire extinguishing system presented here special fire extinguishing ^¬ nozzles 21 are used. In Fig. 6, a nozzle of this kind is roughly illustrated, and EP 2037018 describes it in detail. The function of the fire extinguishing nozzles 21 is triggered on the basis of signals from the combination sensors 12 to the central system controller 11 thereof. In this fire extinguisher 21, the heat ring 211 is heated. The resulting heat melts the fusible link 212. The fusible link 212 holds the cover plate 213 firmly on the nozzle body 215. The fire-extinguishing nozzle 21 is thereby closed and keeps the pressurized transport medium in the piping system 1 back. If the melting solder 212 melts, the cover plate 213 is blown off by the pressure in the pipeline system 1. The fire-extinguishing nozzle 21 sprays targeted and local transport medium, which acts as a quenching medium in this case.

The combined building heating, cooling and fire extinguishing system (FIG. 5) operates with a central plant controller 11 which monitors the rooms 30 'and 30''via sensors 12, 13 and 14 and with automatic commands as needed to operate as a heating, cooling or fire extinguishing system controls. The basically closed piping system 1 is connected via the supply line 2 in which a valve 27 and a feed pump 25 are connected to a reservoir 3. The reservoir 3 is connected via an external line 4 with a large reservoir or the municipal water supply, so that in case of fire fighting enough extinguishing agent available stands. In the piping system 1 is monitored by the pressure sensor 14. The pressure is maintained at the pressure necessary for the fire protection system. The pressure sensor 14 can be mounted anywhere in the system. When the pressure sensor 14 indicates that the pressure in the pipeline system 1 drops below a set desired value, the feed pump 25 is started via the system controller 11. As soon as the pressure sensor 14 reports that the pressure has been restored, the valve 27 is closed and the feed pump 25 is turned off. With valve 27, the piping system 1 is separated from the supply line 2, so that no transport medium finds its way back and causes a renewed pressure drop. Valve 27 can be dispensed with if a pump type terminating at a standstill is used as feed pump 25. On the other hand, the valve 27 can also be used to empty the piping system 1, for example, for cleaning purposes.

In the reservoir 3 is a sufficient for Feuerlöschzwecke and for heating, cooling and extinguishing purposes suitable amount of the liquid transport medium housed. As a transport medium, a liquid is used, which is suitable as a heat transfer medium in the range of -5 to +60 ° C and on the other hand suitable for extinguishing fire is. It can be eg water with additives. In the case of use as a fire protection system during which, for example, the content of the reservoir 3 is insufficient, can be refilled via the outside line 4 water from the municipal system.

If the transport medium is a water with additives, then the feed pump 25 can also be connected to the municipal pipeline system. In case of fire, the feed pump 25 so or so sure that nachfliesst on the piping system 1 with the correct fire extinguishing nozzles 21 in Löscheinsatz pressure and the necessary amount of transport medium from the reservoir 3 or from the municipal piping system.

The temperature sensors 13 give the central system controller 11 the signals, whether heating or cooling operation is required. The system controller 11 then sets as needed the heating unit 24 or the cooling unit 23 in operation, so that the heat exchanger 20, the circulating air of the rooms 30 ', 30''temperature accordingly. In the present document, a heating and cooling system is described, which tempered with heat exchanger 20, the air. Of course, other systems are the same possible. In use for low-energy houses, such systems are particularly suitable.

Claims

claims

1. Combined heating, cooling and fire extinguishing system for

Building designed as a piping system wherein a liquid transport medium circulates, wherein the system at least one circulation pump, at least one circuit with flow and return, at least one heating element and at least one cooling element and at least one

Having supply line with feed pump and reservoir, and at least one room of a building is connected to the piping system, characterized in that in equipped spaces (30 ', 30' ') at least one

Combi sensor (12), at least one temperature sensor (13), at least one heat exchanger (20) and at least one fire extinguishing nozzle (21) are installed, and in

Piping at least one pressure sensor (14) is installed.

2. Combined plant according to claim 1, characterized

characterized in that each fire extinguishing nozzle (21) is equipped with a heat ring (211) and closed with a cover plate (213).

3. Combined plant according to claim 2, characterized

characterized in that the cover plate (213) at

Room temperature with fusible solder (212) on one

Nozzle body (215) is attached.

4. Combined plant according to claim 1, characterized

in that the signals from the sensors (12, 13, 14) are communicated to a system controller (11) connected to a circulation pump (22), a cooling unit (23), a heating unit (24), a feed pump (25), three-way valves (26 ', 26' '), a valve (27) and a heat ring (211) are the appropriate commands for guiding the system.

5. Combined plant according to claim 1, characterized

characterized in that the central system control (11) on the basis of signals from the temperature sensors (13) a) ensures the desired heating of the rooms by switching on the heating unit (24) and via a three-way valve (26 '') with the piping system (1) combines,

b) ensures the desired cooling of the rooms by switching on the cooling unit (23) and connecting it to the piping system (1) via a three-way valve (26 '),

6. Combined plant according to claim 1, characterized

characterized in that the combination sensors (12) installed in the spaces (30 ', 30' ') are firelight,

Smoke and heat above 70 ° C perceive and report to the central system control (11), which due to the signals of the combination sensors (12) the Melting solder (212) melts, wherein the

Cover plate (213) is blown off and the

Fire extinguishing nozzles (21) opens, at the same time

Feed pump (25) in operation and opens a valve (27).

7. Combined plant according to claim 1, characterized

characterized in that the transport medium in

Pipe system (1) is under a pressure of 1-15 bar.

8. Combined plant according to claim 1, characterized

characterized in that the transport medium in

Piping system (1) under a pressure of over

15 bar stands.

9. Combined plant according to claim 1, characterized

characterized in that the transport medium in

Pipe system (1) has a temperature in the range of 4 to 80 ° C.

10. Combined plant according to claim 1, characterized

characterized in that the transport medium z has at least a proportion of water.