EP2592339B1 - Dispositif de combustion pour combustible solide - Google Patents

Dispositif de combustion pour combustible solide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2592339B1
EP2592339B1 EP12192202.5A EP12192202A EP2592339B1 EP 2592339 B1 EP2592339 B1 EP 2592339B1 EP 12192202 A EP12192202 A EP 12192202A EP 2592339 B1 EP2592339 B1 EP 2592339B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
plate
combustion chamber
combustion grate
movable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP12192202.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2592339A1 (fr
Inventor
Heribert Posch
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP2592339A1 publication Critical patent/EP2592339A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
    • F23B30/02—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F23L1/02—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion  by discharging the air below the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B13/00—Details solely applicable to stoves or ranges burning solid fuels 
    • F24B13/006—Arrangements for cleaning, e.g. soot removal; Ash removal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solid fuel combustion device and in particular the formation of the combustion grate.
  • the grate is thermally highly loaded because of its proximity to the kiln and subjected to strong thermal interactions. In addition, he must meet other requirements, such as a long life and easy cleaning.
  • combustion grate from two plates arranged one above the other, each having mutually aligned passages, but by relative movement to each other, these passages can be completely or partially closed.
  • the passages serve in the fully open state on the one hand the improved fall through of ash, on the other hand, the supply of optimally much primary air.
  • the disadvantage is that when a desired high primary air supply automatically not only ash, but also embers pass through the then large aligned openings, which is not desirable.
  • the top plate of the combustion grate has no flat, easy-to-clean surface, but on the contrary usually has upwardly directed ridge-shaped bulges that complicate the cleaning.
  • the degree of primary air supply can be set by the user between zero or nearly zero and full opening of the passages, the latter being extremely detrimental to complete combustion and high efficiency of the heater.
  • a firebox floor known, which consists of two layers of superimposed and relatively movable strips, in each of which ash-discharge openings are formed, which can be brought to each other by relative displacement more or less in coverage.
  • the combustion grate according to the invention is easy to clean and spend the ashes in the underlying ash container by the large area, in particular identically shaped, ash openings of the two combustion grate plates are aligned with each other and this is a drop of ash down into the ash tray very easily is possible, for. B. with a hand brush or the like.
  • the two grate plates are arranged to each other so that the ash openings at most partially or not at all aligned.
  • the primary air is then supplied via the remaining passage of either the aligned ash openings or through special primary air openings in at least one of the two plates which are aligned with analog primary air openings in the other plate or with a part of the ash openings in Cover the other plate in this operating position.
  • the relative movement of the two grate plates to each other can be a linear sliding movement, z. B. in the direction of the firebox door or transverse to this direction, or be a rotational movement about a vertical axis, at least preferably by a movement in the plane of the plate.
  • the ash openings are elongated, their direction of extension may be longitudinal or transverse to the direction of movement.
  • the movable combustion grate plate should have a mechanical connection to the inside of the firebox door, which is effective at least in the closed state of the firebox door and automatically moves the movable grate plate with closed firebox door in the operating position and holds there, in particular by positive engagement.
  • a very simple mechanical coupling consists in a directed from the movable plate to the firebox extension that is so long that when you close the firebox door inside the firebox pushes the extension in front of him and thereby pushes or rotates the movable plate in the operating position.
  • the lower of the two grate plates, the movable plate and the upper immovable inserted in the furnace chamber plate Preferably, the lower of the two grate plates, the movable plate and the upper immovable inserted in the furnace chamber plate.
  • this may be a different longitudinal position in the direction away from the firebox door, or else a rotation of the solid grate plate about the vertical axis 180 °, in which case the ash openings may not be arranged exactly symmetrical to the center of the plate, but so eccentrically that due to the other rotational position results in a different degree of coverage with the ash openings and / or the primary air opening in the other plate in the operating position.
  • the primary air supply can also take place, for example, in that the primary air does not flow through the two plates through aligned openings from bottom to top, but must flow horizontally between the plates at a height distance from one opening in the lower plate to the next opening in the upper plate. Then the primary air quantity is determined by which passage cross sections are present on this horizontal flow path between the plates. Edge-side distances between the grate plate and the combustion chamber floor are suitable for this purpose.
  • the upper combustion grate plate with a planar upper side on the underside in such a structured manner that only at the lower edge and / or circumferentially around the ash openings and possibly also as connecting webs there is a large plate thickness, while the remaining areas of the plate have a lower thickness.
  • one or both of the grate plates can be designed so that in the operating position with increasing heating, especially the upper grate plate whose thermal expansion causes, thereby narrowing the passageways for the primary air automatically and their supply is reduced. Since the thermal expansion along the largest direction of extension of the plate is the strongest, the effect in this direction should be primarily exploited.
  • a fine adjustment of the movable grate plate can be provided in the operating position, which allows further optimization of the combustion device to the current operating parameters, be it particulate matter CO or CO 2 or other parameters, such as the fuel used and its properties.
  • the amount of primary air supplied to the combustion should be precisely adjustable.
  • this is done either by changing the vertical distance between the lower and the upper grate plate through which also primary air flows upward into the combustion chamber and / or by changing the coverage of existing in the two combustion grate openings, be it the ash openings and / or the primary air openings.
  • a motor can be placed on such a setting device, which is controlled by a controller, for example, receives input signals from a lambda probe or other sensor of the combustion device, during the operation, So in the operating position of the movable grate plate, can be controlled and changed.
  • One possibility is the relatively slight displacement, so adjusting, the position of the movable grate plate in the operating position.
  • the overlap of the primary air openings present in the combustion grate plates can be selectively changed.
  • the height distances can be changed by which primary air can flow from the ashtray upwards into the combustion chamber.
  • These can z. B. be present on the top of the support plate corresponding wedges on the longitudinally moving the grate plate the grate plate is additionally pushed and thereby the height distance is changed to the opposite solid grate plate.
  • Another possibility is to perform the wedges along the support plate and thus relative to the movable grate plate movable and move their position, whereby the grate plate remains in the longitudinal direction in position, but changes their altitude.
  • Fig. 2b left is the front of the combustor 1, and there is a furnace door 4 is arranged, which can be opened and closed, for example, to insert fuel into the primary combustion chamber 2 or spend the ash through the grate 3 down into the ash tray 14 .
  • the fuel gases flow from the primary combustion chamber 2 horizontally to the rear through the fuel gas vent 13 in either a post-combustion chamber 15 or directly into the chimney.
  • FIG. 2a shows, the support plate 9 of the burner grate 3 as the bottom plate on corresponding edge-side supports 2 b of the side walls of the burner device 1 on.
  • the lower of the two grate plates 3b which is in this case the displaceable in the longitudinal direction 10 grate plate, and extending over this movable grate plate 3 b away the upper, solid grate plate 3a, which rests with its edge regions - ie outside the lower, smaller, movable grate plate 3 b - also on the support plate 9 , but normally no contact with the top of the lower movable grate plate 3 b, but to this a small, defined height distance 16 complies.
  • the support plate 9 has - as best in Fig. 3 to recognize - a large-scale breakthrough 19.
  • FIGS. 1a to 1d show - the lower, movable grate plate 3b inserted and closes this breakthrough largely.
  • the position of the ash openings 5, which are arranged as openings from top to bottom relatively large area in the movable grate plate 3 b, in the longitudinal direction 10th be adjusted.
  • these ash openings 5 are slot-shaped transversely to the direction of movement 10, the longitudinal direction, formed and arranged, but they could also have a different shape and / or be arranged along the direction of displacement of this movable grate plate 3 b.
  • the movable grate plate 3 b is a bent sheet metal part - as best in the Figures 3b to 3d seen - which laterally projecting support lugs 18 , with which it rests on the edges of the support plate 9 around the opening 19 around.
  • the longitudinal edge portions between the support lugs 18 are bent by 90 ° down and represent upright guide rails 17 , with which the plate 3 b is positively guided along the edges of the opening 19 , the in turn also have downwardly folded edge regions in the support plate 9 .
  • the fixedly positioned grate plate 3 a - which consists of a highly refractory material such as cast steel - and extends over the entire front portion which extends in all four horizontal directions beyond the surface of the underlying movable grate plate 3 .
  • the upper fixed movable grate plate 3 a two analog ash openings 5 ' are arranged.
  • the top of the upper, solid grate plate 3 a yes on the firing rests, preferably flat, so that there is also easy sweeping and pushing the ash to the ash openings 5 out.
  • the upper grate plate 3 a is directly in contact with the fire of the burn, this reaches the highest temperature of the three plates, and is inter alia for this reason often of casting with a thick wall thickness, while the lower movable grate plate 3 b and / or the support plate 9 is preferably made of sheet steel as a bent part.
  • cleaning position is a arranged on the underside of the movable grate plate 3 b and in the longitudinal direction 10 forward on this grate plate 3 b projecting extension 6 to over the plane of the closed combustion chamber door 4, as in Fig. 1c is shown, before, so that the movable grate plate 3 b can take this cleaning position only when the open firebox door 4 .
  • the firebox door 4 pushes automatically by pressure on the free end of this extension 6, the movable grate plate 3 b in the in Fig. 1d shown operating position to the rear, as shown, the lower ash openings 5 with the upper ash openings 5 ' no longer or at least not completely aligned. Whether and to what extent they are aligned in this operating position, can also be changed by the upper fixed grate plate 3 a, for example, rotated 180 ° about its vertical axis is inserted, if then results in a different overlap of the ash openings 5, 5 ' in the operating position.
  • the distance 16 is such that it is retained even if thermal distortion of the partially red hot in operation upper combustion grate plate 3 a.
  • Fig. 2c shows the upper grate plate 3 a in the view from below.
  • the upstanding webs 21, which also form a ribbing away from the peripheral edge of the ash openings, and the ash openings 5 ' surrounding edges 20 which rise slightly higher than the webs 21, and thus define the distance 16 in the assembled state
  • this ribbing which may also include a compound of the raised edge 20 to the raised webs 21 , receives the upper grate plate 3 a high stability and torsional rigidity, even at high temperature.
  • the distance 16 should tend to zero, even on this cross-flow path to get a defined amount of combustion air into the combustion chamber 2 , can - as in Fig. 2 c at the upper ash opening 5 ' exemplified - incorporated in the surface of the raised edge 20 one or more grooves 22 which pass through the edge 21 and thus always allow a cross-flow of combustion air into this ash opening 5' inside.
  • FIGS. 4a-4c show a further design of the combustion grate 3, in which only the lower, movable grate plate 3 b and the support plate 9 carrying them are shown.
  • FIG. 4a-4c The design of the Figures 4a-4c is different from the one of Figures 1-3 in that on the upper side of the support plate 9, wedges 26 project upwards, which have a wedge surface rising in the longitudinal direction 10, the direction of displacement of the movable combustion grate plate 3 b.
  • Each of the support lugs 18, with the movable grate plate 3 b rests on the top of the support plate 9 , so that by synchronous movement of the wedges 26 in or against the longitudinal direction 10, they slide under the support lugs 18 and raise the movable grate plate 3 b slightly the height distance 16, as he in FIG. 2b is drawn, and thus the passage possibility for primary air is changed.
  • each wedge 26 is fixed to a spindle nut 24 , which is located laterally next to the opening 19 below the support plate 9 and rotationally fixed thereto, wherein the wedge 26 by a corresponding breakthrough in the support plate 9 or even within the opening 19 projects upwards.
  • the two longitudinally one behind the other threaded nuts 24 each side are penetrated by a common threaded rod 23 , which essentially only in the threaded nuts 24 have a thread, otherwise round rods and in bearing blocks 25 which are also attached to the support plate 9 , rotating are stored.
  • These threaded rods 23 extend through the housing of the ash compartment to the outside, preferably not by the fire door therethrough, but by an underlying or overlying fixed aperture portion, and can from the outside - to be rotated and thereby the wedges are adjustable in longitudinal direction - manual or motorized.
  • a controlled, motor drive can be adjusted, for example, depending on a lambda probe or another sensor in the direction of more or less primary air.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Dispositif de combustion de matières solides (1), avec
    - une chambre de combustion primaire (2),
    - une grille de foyer (3) faisant partie de la sole (2a) de la chambre de combustion primaire (2), un bac à cendres sous la chambre de combustion primaire, et
    - une porte frontale du foyer (4) de la chambre de combustion primaire (2),
    - la grille de foyer (3) étant constituée de deux plaques de grille de foyer (3a,b) superposées qui présentent au moins une, de préférence plusieurs, ouvertures pour les cendres (5, 5') et qui sont disposées de manière à pouvoir coulisser les unes par rapport aux autres sur la sole de la chambre de combustion primaire (2), si bien qu'elles
    - peuvent être positionnées les unes sur les autres en position de nettoyage avec les ouvertures pour les cendres (5, 5') en face les unes des autres, ou
    - peuvent, en mode de fonctionnement, être disposées de façon décalée les unes par rapport aux autres de manière que les ouvertures pour les cendres (5, 5') des deux plaques de grille de foyer (3a,b) soient seulement partiellement en face les unes des autres, voire pas du tout,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la plaque de grille de foyer mobile (3b) par rapport à la sole du foyer (2a) possède une liaison mécanique avec la porte frontale du foyer (4) qui agit au moins quand la porte frontale du foyer (4) est fermée et qui déplace et retient automatiquement en position de fonctionnement la plaque de grille de foyer mobile (3b) quand la porte frontale du foyer (4) est fermée.
  2. Dispositif de combustion de matières solides (1) selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'une des deux plaques de grille de foyer (3a,b) est fixe par rapport à la sole de la chambre de combustion (2a) et l'autre est mobile par rapport à la sole de la chambre de combustion (2a), et la plaque mobile (3b) est guidée de manière mobile, en particulier dans le sens longitudinal (10), vers la porte du foyer (4) ou à partir d'elle.
  3. Dispositif de combustion de matières solides (1) selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    à partir de la plaque de grille de foyer mobile (3b), un prolongement (6) s'avance en direction de la porte du foyer (4) de manière que la porte du foyer (4) en se fermant pousse la plaque de grille de foyer mobile (3b) automatiquement en position de fonctionnement grâce à ce prolongement (6).
  4. Dispositif de combustion de matières solides (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les plaques de grille de foyer (3a,b) peuvent tourner l'une par rapport à l'autre autour d'un axe vertical (11) et qu'un prolongement (6) s'avance de manière excentrée vers la plaque de grille de foyer rotative (3b) par rapport à la sole de la chambre de combustion (2a) contre la porte du foyer (4) de sorte que celle-ci étant fermée fait tourner la plaque de grille de foyer rotative (3b) par l'intermédiaire du prolongement (6).
  5. Dispositif de combustion de matières solides (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - dans au moins l'une des deux plaques de grille de foyer (3a,b) en plus des ouvertures pour les cendres (5, 5') au moins une ouverture d'air primaire (7) est disposée de telle manière qu'au moins l'une des ouvertures d'air primaire (7) de l'une des plaques (par ex. 3a) soit juste en face d'une ouverture d'air primaire (7) analogue ou de l'une des ouvertures pour les cendres (5, 5') de l'autre plaque (par ex. 3b), et en particulier
    - les ouvertures pour les cendres (5, 5') sont notablement plus grandes et/ou plus nombreuses que les ouvertures d'air primaire (7).
  6. Dispositif de combustion de matières solides (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - la plaque de grille de foyer inférieure est la plaque de grille de foyer (3b) mobile et/ou la plaque de grille de foyer supérieure est la plaque de grille de foyer (3a) fixe et présente en particulier une face supérieure plane, et/ou
    - la plaque de grille de foyer (3a) supérieure présente sur sa face inférieure des renflements (8) au moins le long du bord des ouvertures pour les cendres (5, 5'), en particulier aussi des renflements (8) de forme allongée entre les ouvertures pour les cendres (5, 5') et en particulier les renflements (8) autour des ouvertures pour les cendres (5, 5') sont les renflements (8) les plus hauts qui dépassent en bas au-delà du reste de la face inférieure.
  7. Dispositif de combustion de matières solides (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les deux plaques de grille de foyer (3a,b) reposent sur une plaque support (9) qui repose sur des appuis (2b) marginaux de la sole de la chambre de combustion (2a) et qu'il existe en particulier une hauteur définie (16) entre les deux plaques de grille de foyer (3a,b).
  8. Dispositif de combustion de matières solides (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - un bac à cendres (12) du système de chauffage est disposé sous les ouvertures pour les cendres (5, 5') en position de nettoyage, et/ou
    - une buse de fumées (13) est disposée du côté supérieur ou sur la paroi arrière de la chambre de combustion primaire (2).
  9. Dispositif de combustion de matières solides (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - la plaque de grille de foyer (3a) fixe par rapport à la sole de la chambre de combustion (2a) peut s'utiliser sur plusieurs positions, en particulier réparties autour de l'axe vertical (11), qui se différencient de la plaque de grille de foyer mobile (3b) se trouvant en position de fonctionnement par la taille du passage libre pour l'air primaire en position de fonctionnement, et/ou
    - au moins l'une des deux plaques de grille de foyer (3a,b), en particulier la plaque de grille de foyer (3a) supérieure est conçue concernant les possibilités de passage de l'air primaire de telle manière que, lorsque le réchauffement et la dilatation de cette (ou de ces) plaques de grille de foyer (3a,b) augmentent, les sections des passages de l'air primaire se réduisent en proportion.
  10. Dispositif de combustion de matières solides (1) selon la revendication 6 ou la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que
    - dans les renflements (8) de la face inférieure de la plaque de grille de foyer (3a) supérieure, il existe des canaux de passage pour les flux d'air primaire entre la plaque de grille de foyer inférieure et la plaque de grille de foyer supérieure (3a,b), et/ou
    - sur la face supérieure de la plaque support (9) sont disposées des cales (26) dans la zone où la plaque de grille de foyer mobile (3b) repose avec ses talons d'appui (18) sur la plaque support (9) de sorte que, du fait des mouvements en particulier dans le sens longitudinal (10) de la plaque de grille de foyer mobile (3b), celle-ci se soulève et redescend sur la partie inclinée des cales (24).
  11. Dispositif de combustion de matières solides (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - la plaque de grille de foyer mobile (3b) peut être déplacée de l'extérieur par un dispositif d'entraînement provenant du dispositif de combustion (1), en particulier au moins une tige filetée, et/ou
    - la liaison mécanique entre la porte du foyer et la plaque de grille de foyer mobile (3b), en particulier le prolongement (6), est réglable, en particulier le prolongement (6) dans sa longueur.
  12. Dispositif de combustion de matières solides (1) selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que
    - de la face supérieure de la plaque support (9) dépassent des cales (24) vers le haut au niveau des talons d'appui (18), et les cales (24) peuvent être déplacées de l'extérieur dans la direction du déplacement de la plaque de grille de foyer mobile (3b), en particulier au moyen d'une tige filetée (23).
EP12192202.5A 2011-11-10 2012-11-12 Dispositif de combustion pour combustible solide Not-in-force EP2592339B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011118233.4A DE102011118233B4 (de) 2011-11-10 2011-11-10 Feststoff-Brennvorrichtung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2592339A1 EP2592339A1 (fr) 2013-05-15
EP2592339B1 true EP2592339B1 (fr) 2016-09-28

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3995743A1 (fr) * 2020-11-10 2022-05-11 Ungaro SRL Poêle à biomasse à combustible solide

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102023110B1 (ko) * 2018-04-26 2019-09-20 노정기 화목 펠릿 난로

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE610704C (de) * 1932-02-24 1935-03-15 Moritz Servais Dipl Ing Rost mit regelbarer Luftdurchtrittsflaeche
JPS5872804A (ja) * 1981-10-23 1983-04-30 Hiroshi Miura 燃焼炉
DE8529534U1 (de) * 1985-10-17 1985-11-28 Weso-Aurorahütte GmbH, 3554 Gladenbach Ofen-Feuerrost
AT406413B8 (de) * 1998-03-24 2000-07-25 Windhager Zentralheizung Ag Brenner für feste brennstoffe

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3995743A1 (fr) * 2020-11-10 2022-05-11 Ungaro SRL Poêle à biomasse à combustible solide

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DE102011118233A1 (de) 2013-05-16
EP2592339A1 (fr) 2013-05-15
DE102011118233B4 (de) 2016-12-08

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