EP2586532B1 - Grinding device - Google Patents

Abstract

The grinding device (1) has a housing (2) with a lateral inlet opening for the filling material and an opposite outlet opening for the grinded filling material. A stator (20) with a centrally mounted cutting rotor (30) and a cutting knife (32) is arranged in the housing. The stator and the cutting rotor are formed as a replaceable cutting unit (10), which is fixed in the housing in a laterally displaced manner.

Description

The present invention relates to a crushing device according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Today's manufacturing processes require a continuous flow of material, both for the materials supplied to the manufacturing systems, as well as in the removal of the resulting waste, for example, in separation processes. Almost without exception, these consist of valuable materials that are recirculated for cost and environmental reasons.

The disposal in modern manufacturing processes often consists of flat edge sections, lattice-like material residues and / or long chips, as they arise in particular during the machining of plastics. For transporting such waste usually pneumatic conveying means are used. However, this requires - in order to accomplish the transport via pipelines - the shredding of the materials. The same applies to the briquetting of such substances (see brochure undated, FM briquetting system, FM Racine Hydraulik AG, CH-6043 Adligenswil); only after crushing these substances can be briquetted and are then recirculated inexpensively.

From the DE-A1- 101 11 082 is a crushing device for material of all kinds known. In a cutting mill with a cylindrical cutter motor, the latter chops the supplied material, which is fed to the cutting knives via a slider device and "homogenized" via a perforating sieve device after the cutting or chopping process.

The aforementioned device is relatively large and can not be connected to existing production without major adjustments. Another disadvantage is that the device can not be integrated into a pneumatic conveying path.

The DE 20 200 9003 134 U respectively. DE-U1-297 24 035 shows a crushing device according to the preamble of the claim.

The disadvantage here is that the statorfeste cutting unit and the rotor unit are installed as individual components in the device housing, which complicates and increases the cost of assembly, disassembly for maintenance and Einjustieren the cutting unit. As a result, long downtimes occur at the associated production facilities, which are not sustainable.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to build a crushing device, which is as maintenance-free as possible, takes up little space and can be easily integrated into existing conveyor lines, in particular in pneumatic systems.

The wear parts of the device should be easily interchangeable and be revised with little technical and financial expense. Also, the contamination of the device by dust generated during comminution should be minimized and a cleaning of the device "in situ" (English: CIP = Clean In Place), i. without their dismantling, should also be possible.

This object is achieved by a device in which the stator and the cutting rotor as a replaceable Cutting unit are formed and this unit is mounted laterally displaceable in the housing and fixable.

The mentioned in claim 1 cutting unit is designed in the manner of a cassette and can, as u.a. is known by printers, easily and if necessary without prolonged service interruptions - and especially without readjustment - replaced and put into operation.

If the system operator has at least two cassettes, then he can revise the replaced cassette in peace, d.i. Clean, regrind the knives and preferably also replace the bearings.

The built-up of a few parts device is extremely compact and possibly allows their structural adaptation to new tasks, i. It is also suitable for crushing future, new materials.

• Besonders vorteilhaft ist der Einsatz einer Klauenkupplung nach Anspruch 2, da diese das einseitige Einschieben der kassettenartigen Schneideinheit sehr erleichert und die damit notwendige mechanische Verbindung zur Motorwelle bewirkt. Bevorzugt ist hierzu eine flexible Klauenkupplung, welche beim Zerkleinern des Materials entstehende Schläge und Vibrationen dämpft.

In subsequent dependent claims preferred developments of the subject invention are characterized:

• Particularly advantageous is the use of a dog clutch according to claim 2, since this greatly facilitates the one-sided insertion of the cassette-like cutting unit and thus causes the necessary mechanical connection to the motor shaft. For this purpose, preference is given to a flexible jaw clutch which dampens shocks and vibrations arising during the comminution of the material.

The design of the cutting rotor according to claim 3 ensures a high material throughput through the Cutting unit, without stability losses and / or vibrations, even at high drive speeds.

Advantageous in terms of centrifugal forces occurring and the facilitated, eventual replacement of the cutting blade whose prism-like training and dimensionally accurate storage in entprechenden slots in the side members and the middle part in the manner of a so-called dovetail connection. See claim 4.

Through oblique holes in the side beams, claim 5, preferably in a conical shape, air is compressed during the cutting process, in the manner of a turbine and blown into the necessary air gap between the side panels and the bearings, so that they are cleaned by resulting cutting dust. - This effect occurs already at speeds of 1400 1 / min and is so large at higher speeds that already smaller "dedusting holes" suffice.

Very advantageous is the design of the stator according to claim 6, since the material throughput between the two webs is optimal and thus the stator in a revision with a few simple steps can be dismantled and reassembled.

Especially with tough conveyed it is advisable to install additional knives in at least one stationary web according to claim 7. Thus, the throughput can be increased even with less tough materials.

Particularly important is the simple adjustment of the cutting gap, ie the minimum radial distance between the stationary parts and the rotating cutting blades, on the dismantled cutting unit according to claim 8. This is particularly favorable after a revision when the cutting blades were reground.

In order to allow easy cleaning of the crushing device, the axis of rotation is designed according to claim 9, which allows a periodic dry cleaning but also a wet cleaning. In the same way also bonded and / or jammed materials could be solved and then further processed.

The flat end faces mentioned in claim 10 are used for improved transport of the conveyed material in the direction of flow or in the suction direction and prevent clogging of the cutting rotor with conveyed material and its chaff.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the subject invention will be described with reference to drawings.

Fig. 1

eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung mit einer Zerkleinerungseinheit vor deren Einbau,

Fig. 2

eine Schnittdarstellung der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung, im zusammengebauten Zustand,

Fig. 3

den Stator der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung Fig. 1,

Fig. 4

den Schneidrotor der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung Fig. 1,

Fig. 5

eine Einrichtung zur Einstellung des Schneidspaltes am oberen Steg und

Fig. 6

eine Teildarstellung einer Variante einer Schneideinheit mit einem im unteren Steg angeordneten Messer.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a comminution device with a comminution unit before its installation,

Fig. 2

a sectional view of the crushing device, in the assembled state,

Fig. 3

the stator of the comminution device Fig. 1 .

Fig. 4

the cutting rotor of the crushing device Fig. 1 .

Fig. 5

a device for adjusting the cutting gap at the upper web and

Fig. 6

a partial view of a variant of a cutting unit with a knife arranged in the lower web.

In Fig. 1 1 denotes a comminution device, which can be installed in a pneumatic conveying path.

On a housing 2 are each a nozzle-like entry 3 for conveyed FG and an outlet 4 for the crushed conveyed, H = chopped designated flanged. Orthogonal thereto is a drive 5, a 3-phase electric motor, with a protruding into the housing 2 flexible jaw clutch 33 a. On the opposite side guide grooves 6 can be seen, in which a trained as a cassette, complete separating unit 10 in the direction of arrow E can be inserted and locked in a conventional manner. The front side is placed on the axis of rotation 31 of a cutting rotor 30, the counterpart to the motor-side jaw clutch, this is denoted here by 33b. It can be seen on the cutting rotor 30 inclined cutting blade 32, which are peripherally supported in later-described carrier discs.

The rotor 30 is guided at both shaft ends in bearing flanges 23; the flanges 23 are detachably connected by an upper web 21 and a lower web 24 and form the stator 20 of the cutting unit 10.

In the following figures, the same parts are given the same reference numerals.

The sectional view Fig. 2 shows the built in a pneumatic conveying system 40/41 crushing device after Fig. 1 , where the conveyed material FG and the chaff H are conveyed in a notoriously known manner by means of vacuum - p (vacuum). The vertical sectional plane is placed in this drawing in the central axis (symmetry axis) of the parts 3 and 4. The direction of rotation of the cutting rotor 30 is denoted by d and corresponds to the conveying direction of the goods to be chopped FG.

Out Fig. 3 the extremely simple construction of the stator unit 20 emerges. In the bearing flanges 23 oversized bearings 25 are installed with sealing washers (type 2RS), which are easily interchangeable in a revision. In this embodiment, only in the upper web 21 a - here hidden - built knife; see. Fig. 2 fixed cutting blade 32 '. The U-shaped web 21 engages the front in an open-topped receiving bore 26 and can be adjusted by an adjusting screw 28 and fixed by a fixing screw 29; see. Fig. 5 ,

• Motorseitig ist das Wellenende der Drehachse 31 mit einer Keilnut versehen und trägt, gestrichelt dargestellt, das zur Kupplung 33a passende weitere Kupplungsteil 33b. Als Trägerscheiben für die Schneidmesser dienen ein Mittelträger 32a und zwei Seitenträger 32b, die auf der Drehachse 31 aufgeschrumpft sind, In den Trägern 32a und 32b sind zueinander leicht versetzt, schwalbenschwanzartige Nuten als Messerbefestigungen 22 eingefräst, in die drei Schneidmesser 32 eingesetzt und verklebt sind. Hierfür genügt ein handelsüblicher Zweikomponentenklebstoff (Araldit Typ 2011; ehemals Handelsmarke der CIBA AG, Basel). Der Keilwinkel a der Nuten beträgt hier 3° und verhindert, dass auch bei extremer Belastung der Messer 32 (Verklemmen am Fördergut FG und/oder Erwärmung) sich diese aus den Befestigungen 22 lösen können. Der Mittelträger 32a weisst flache Stirnseiten 37 auf, die dem Weitertransport des Fördergutes FG dienen und durch ihre Form ein Verklumpen der Häcksel H verhindern.

The cutting rotor 30 consists essentially of a shaft with carrier discs for the cutting blade; please refer Fig. 4 :

• The motor side, the shaft end of the rotation axis 31 is provided with a keyway and carries, shown in phantom, the matching coupling 33a for further coupling part 33b. As support discs for the cutting blades serve a center support 32a and two side support 32b, which are shrunk on the axis of rotation 31, in the supports 32a and 32b slightly offset from one another, dovetail-like grooves milled as knife attachments 22, are inserted into the three cutting blades 32 and glued. For this purpose, a commercially available two-component adhesive (Araldit Type 2011, formerly a trademark of CIBA AG, Basel) is sufficient. The wedge angle a of the grooves here is 3 ° and prevents even under extreme load of the knife 32 (jamming on conveyed FG and / or heating) they can solve from the fasteners 22. The center support 32a has flat end faces 37, which serve for the further transport of the material to be conveyed FG and prevent by their shape clumping of the chaff H.

Are visible in Fig. 4 also oblique bores 34 in the side supports 32b, which supply in operation the necessary between the bearing flanges 23 and the supports 32a air gap with an air flow (compressed air) and thereby free from cutting dust. In addition, the axis of rotation 31 is formed as a hollow shaft, so that at the frontal bore a scavenge line 36 can be connected. The flushing medium can then escape through a plurality of small transverse bores 35 and release stuck Häckselteile H. This procedure is used periodically, for example, depending on the conveyed material FG and its cutting behavior.

In contrast to "choppers" in use today, the desired cutting gap can be set very easily and precisely on the removed cutting rotor 30. This shows the sectional view Fig. 5 through the end-side region of the upper web 21. In the two-sided receiving holes 26 is ever an at least partially prismatic step pin 27, one side of the U-shaped web rests on the pin 27 and is - in the manner of a rocker - with the Adjusting screw 28 adjusted in its free height, such that the cutting blade 32 can rotate easily. The thickness of the conveyed material FG and its toughness are empirically taken into account.

After repeated regrinding of the knives 32, it may also be favorable that the stepped bolt 27 is inserted differently in order to set the cutting gap to the optimum height.

If, during operation, large vibrations and / or vibrations occur in the comminution device 1, it may also be necessary to secure the fixing screw 29 and the bolt 27 with a commercially available varnish or adhesive.

FIG. 6 shows a lower web in a sectional view with a firmly inserted additional cutting blade 32 ', with a cutting edge 32 "." For optimal adjustment - or determination - the inclination of this lower blade 32' (relative to the axis of rotation 31) interchangeable knife beds 24 'are provided.

In the same way or analogously thereto, a further fixed cutting blade 32 'can also be installed in the upper web 21, which is advantageous in particular for very viscous conveyed material FG.

Likewise, the stationary cutting blades according to FIG. 5 be made adjustable, which can be beneficial for very tough conveyed FG. All cutting blades are preferably made of carbide and ground to match.

The vorgenanten embodiments are designed for a dry conveyed FG; However, the subject of the invention is not limited thereto. It could be installed with appropriate design adjustments in a hydraulic system with a liquid medium.

name list

1

Crushing device (shredder)

2

casing

3

Entry (neck)

4

Outlet (neck)

5

Drive (3-phase electric motor)

6

guide

10

Cutting unit (cassette)

20

stator

21

Upper bar (stationary, adjustable)

22

Knife attachment (dovetail)

23

bearing flanges

24

Lower bridge (stationary)

24 '

Bridge with knife bed

25

Rolling bearings (with 2RS sealing washers)

26

location hole

27

Sufenbolzen (prismatic)

28

adjusting screw

29

locking screw

30

cutting rotor

31

axis of rotation

31 '

Keilnunt

32

Cutting knife (rotating)

32 '

Cutting knife (fixed)

32a

Center carrier (knife)

32b

Side carrier (knife)

33a

Coupling drive side

33b

Coupling to rotary axis

34

Inclined bores (Entstaubungsbohrungen)

35

Spühlbohrungen

36

Connection of the spill line (hollow shaft)

37

flat faces at 32a

40/41

Pneumatic conveying line

a

wedge angle

d

direction of rotation

e

Insertion (mounting) direction

FG

conveyed

H

chaff

- p

Pressure (vacuum)

Claims (10)

1. A breaking-up device for installation in a pneumatic conveying line, for predominantly planar material to be disposed of, in particular for edge trimmings and lattice-like material remains, consisting of a housing with a lateral inlet opening for filling material and an opposite outlet opening for the broken-up filling material, wherein a stator with a centrally mounted cutting rotor, with at least one cutting knife, is arranged in the housing so as to be orthogonal to the openings and this cutting rotor is rotatably in the flow direction of the filing material by a drive, characterized in that the stator (20) and the cutting rotor (30) are in the form of an exchangeable cutting unit (10) and in that this unit (10) is mounted in the housing (2) so as to be laterally displaceable (E) and is fixable in the housing (2) .
2. A breaking-up device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pivot (31) of the cutting rotor (30) projects beyond the stator (20) at the side closest to the drive and is insertable with a first coupling part (33a) of a drive (5).
3. A breaking-up device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cutting rotor (30) has flange-like lateral bearers (32b) and a central bearer (32a) on its pivot (31), which are securely connected to the pivot (31) and bear cutting knives (32) in knife securing means (22).
4. A breaking-up device according to claim 3, characterized in that the cutting rotor (30) has three oblique cutting knives (32) and in that these and the knife securing means (22) are constructed in relation to one another as dovetail connections.
5. A breaking-up device according to claim 2, characterized in that the flange-like lateral bearers (32b) of the cutting rotor (30) have inclined bores (34).
6. A breaking-up device according to claim 1, characterized in that the stator (20) has a respective bearing flange (23) at each end, which flanges are detachably connected to one another by at least two crosspieces (21; 24).
7. A breaking-up device according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one crosspiece (24) comprises a stationary cutting knife (32') whose cutting edge (32" ) is contrary to the rotational direction (d) of the cutting rotor (30).
8. A breaking-up device according to claim 7, characterized in that at least the cutting gap between the cutting knives (32) and the upper crosspiece (21) is adjustable in its angular position and cutting height (26-28).
9. A breaking-up device according to claim 3, characterized in that the pivot (31) is in the form of a hollow shaft and is provided with transverse bores (35) and in that this pivot (31) has, on the end face located on the opposite side to the drive (5), a connection (36) for a gaseous or liquid medium.
10. A breaking-up device according to claim 3, characterized in that the central bearer (32a) has flat faces (37) between the knife securing means (22).

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