EP2585876B1 - Hemmungssystem einer uhr - Google Patents

Hemmungssystem einer uhr Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2585876B1
EP2585876B1 EP11726830.0A EP11726830A EP2585876B1 EP 2585876 B1 EP2585876 B1 EP 2585876B1 EP 11726830 A EP11726830 A EP 11726830A EP 2585876 B1 EP2585876 B1 EP 2585876B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchor
escape wheel
escapement system
amorphous
alloy
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Active
Application number
EP11726830.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2585876A1 (de
Inventor
Christian Charbon
Yves Winkler
Marco Verardo
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Application filed by Swatch Group Research and Development SA filed Critical Swatch Group Research and Development SA
Priority to EP11726830.0A priority Critical patent/EP2585876B1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust system.
  • This exhaust system comprises an escape wheel, as well as an anchor provided with a fork intended to cooperate with a pin mounted on a plate, and a rod comprising arms intended to receive the pallets in order to cooperate with at least the escape wheel
  • the technical field of the invention is the technical field of fine mechanics and more particularly of watchmaking.
  • Timepieces include an energy source such as the barrel supplying energy to the part and in particular to the transmission cogs. These cogs cooperate with the exhaust system via the escape wheel.
  • the rotation of the latter is regulated by the anchor of the exhaust system, the impulses of which are provided by the spiral balance.
  • the exhaust system comprises an anchor pivotally mounted on an axis.
  • This anchor comprises a rod provided with a fork, at a first end, intended to cooperate with an ankle mounted on a plate, and provided with arms, at a second end, intended to receive pallets in order to cooperate with the wheel. exhaust.
  • the anchor pivots on its axis so that the paddles of the arms come into contact with the teeth of the escape wheel in order to regulate the rotation of the cogs.
  • each material used is for example 15P or 20AP steel. These materials are crystalline materials.
  • a drawback of crystalline metal components is their low mechanical strength when high stresses are applied. Indeed, each material is characterized by its Young's modulus E also called elastic modulus (generally expressed in GPa), characterizing its resistance to deformation. Each material is also characterized by its elastic limit ⁇ e (generally expressed in GPa) which represents the stress beyond which the material deforms plastically.
  • the kinetic energy accumulated during the displacement of the anchor or the escape wheel is dependent on the moment of inertia which is a function of the mass and the radius of inertia, and therefore of the dimensions.
  • the maximum energy that can be stored elastically is calculated as being the ratio between the square of the elastic limit ⁇ e on the one hand and the Young's modulus E on the other hand, the low elastic limit of crystalline metals entails a low level of energy storage capacity.
  • 15P or 20AP steels are dense and therefore the anchors and Exhaust wheels have high masses. The moment of inertia is then high and the kinetic energy accumulated during the movements of the anchor and the escape wheel is therefore high.
  • watchmaking traditionally uses carbon steels with sulfur and hardened-tempered lead which offer good machinability and very good mechanical properties but which are magnetic.
  • Non-magnetic alternatives are rare and generally more difficult to machine and offer poorer mechanical properties.
  • an escape wheel is different from a conventional gear wheel because it does not operate according to the same principle. Indeed, such an escape wheel is driven by the barrel spring and its rotation is controlled by the escape system which, via the spring balance, the anchor and the paddles, releases and successively stops the rotation of said wheel. Thus, after the release and impulse phase, the tooth of the escape wheel abuts violently against the rest plane of the anchor pallet. These repeated violent shocks with each impulse involve a very different stress on the escape wheel compared to a gear wheel.
  • Such an escape wheel must therefore be made of a material having a high elastic limit in order to avoid any plastic deformation during these repeated impacts.
  • the wheel during the impulse phase, when the tooth of the escape wheel is on the impulse plane of the anchor, the wheel must transmit a maximum of energy to the anchor so that the latter can give it back to the pendulum. It is therefore important that the material used for the escape wheel has an energy return factor as high as possible in order to minimize losses and therefore increase the efficiency of the system.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing to provide an exhaust system with higher efficiency and simpler to produce.
  • the invention relates to the exhaust system as defined in independent claim 1 attached.
  • a first advantage of the present invention is that it allows the exhaust system to have a better energy return factor than current exhausts.
  • an amorphous metal is characterized by the fact that, during its manufacture, the atoms composing these amorphous materials do not arrange themselves according to a particular structure as is the case for crystalline materials Thus, even if the Young moduli E of a crystalline metal and an amorphous metal are substantially identical, their elastic limits ⁇ e are different.
  • An amorphous metal is then differentiated by an elastic limit ⁇ eA higher than that ⁇ eC of the crystalline metal by a factor of two to three.
  • the elastic limit ⁇ e is increased making it possible to increase the ratio ⁇ e / E so that the stress limit beyond which the material does not resume its initial shape increases, and above all so that the maximum energy that can be stored and returned elastically increases.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is to allow great ease in shaping allowing the production of parts with complicated shapes with greater precision.
  • amorphous metals have the particular characteristic of softening while remaining amorphous for a certain time in a given temperature range [Tg - Tx] specific to each alloy (with Tx: crystallization temperature and Tg: glass transition temperature ). It is thus possible to shape them under a relatively low pressure constraint and at a low temperature, then allowing the use of a simplified process compared to machining and stamping.
  • the use of such a material also makes it possible, in the case of shaping by molding, to very precisely reproduce fine geometries because the viscosity of the alloy decreases sharply as a function of the temperature in the range of. temperature [Tg - Tx] and the alloy thus follows all the details of a negative.
  • the term “negative” is understood to mean a mold which has a hollow profile complementary to that of the desired component. It then becomes easy to realize complex designs but in a precise way.
  • the resonator 3 cooperates with the exhaust system 1 by means of a plate 5 mounted on the balance axis.
  • the exhaust system 1 comprises a Swiss anchor 7 formed by a main face (visible at the figure 1 ) in projection.
  • the Swiss anchor 7 is mainly formed by a rod 9 connecting the fork 11 and the arms 13.
  • the fork 11 comprises two facing horns 15 under which is mounted a stinger 17 in order to cooperate respectively with a pin fixed on said plate 5 of the balance axis and the lower part of said plate 5.
  • the rod 9 receives, between the two arms 13, a rod 19 intended to mount the anchor in rotation between a bridge and the movement plate. Finally, on each arm 13 is fitted a pallet 21 intended to come into contact with the escape wheel 23 via its teeth 25.
  • the paddles can, by way of example, be formed from synthetic ruby. Of course, the present invention could also be used for the type coaxial escapement as in horology.
  • the escape wheel 23 is formed from a completely amorphous metal alloy.
  • at least part of the exhaust system 1, that is to say the plate 5 or the anchor 7, is made of an at least partially amorphous metal alloy.
  • This metal alloy may contain a metal element of the precious type such as gold, platinum, palladium, rhenium, ruthenium, rhodium, silver, iridium or osmium. It will be understood by at least partially amorphous metal alloy that the material is capable of at least partially solidifying in the amorphous phase.
  • all the parts of the exhaust system 1, in addition to the escape wheel 23, are made of a metal alloy at least partially amorphous.
  • these parts can be made of different amorphous materials.
  • the metal alloy or the metal can be completely amorphous.
  • the anchor 7 is made of a metal alloy which is at least partially amorphous.
  • this at least partially amorphous metal alloy is non-magnetic so that said exhaust system 1 is insensitive to external magnetic disturbances.
  • amorphous metal alloys comes from the fact that, during their manufacture, the atoms composing these amorphous materials do not arrange themselves according to a particular structure as is the case for crystalline materials. Thus, even if the Young E moduli of a crystalline metal and an amorphous metal are substantially identical, their limits elastic bands ⁇ e are different. An amorphous metal is then differentiated by an elastic limit ⁇ eA higher than that ⁇ eC of the crystalline metal by a factor substantially equal to two. A higher elastic limit therefore means that a part of an amorphous metal alloy or an amorphous metal deforms plastically under a higher stress than the same part of crystalline metal.
  • the losses of an exhaust system 1 are linked to the friction between the vanes 21 of the anchor 7 and the teeth 25 of the escape wheel 23 during the training phase and between the plate pin 5 and the entry of the fork and impact between the teeth 25 of the escape wheel 23 and the vanes 21 of the anchor 7 during the fall phase.
  • the losses linked to the impacts between the teeth 25 of the escape wheel 23 and the vanes 21 of the anchor 7 during the fall phase depend on the kinetic energy.
  • This kinetic energy, accumulated during the operation of the exhaust system 1, is dependent on the moment of inertia.
  • This moment of inertia is a function of the mass and the radius of inertia. In the case of an escape wheel, the larger the diameter or the mass of this wheel 23, the greater the moment of inertia of said wheel 23 will be. This increase in the moment of inertia results in an increase in the kinetic energy of said escape wheel 23.
  • the specific resistance which is defined by the ratio of the elastic limit to the density.
  • the maximum specific resistance is of the order of 200-250 MPa * cm 3 / g.
  • the specific resistance of amorphous alloys is of the order of 300-400 MPa * cm 3 / g.
  • Another solution consists in reducing the mass of the part by removing material, preferably in the areas contributing the most to the moment of inertia, that is to say in the parts furthest from the axis of rotation of the room. It is possible for example to make recesses 29, passing through or not, and / or to locally reduce the thickness 27 of the part. To compensate for this reduction in material, an amorphous alloy having a mechanical strength greater than the crystalline alloy will be chosen. Given the advantageous specific resistance of amorphous alloys, the density of the amorphous alloy can be chosen to be equal or even slightly lower than that of the crystalline alloy and consequently the moment of inertia of the system 1 will be reduced.
  • a third possibility is to reduce the dimensions of the elements of the exhaust system 1 such as the anchor 7 or the wheel 23 or the plate 5.
  • an amorphous alloy of higher mechanical strength than the crystalline alloy used for the current dimensions this reduction in dimensions and mass does not lead to a decrease in the mechanical resistance of the exhaust system 1.
  • the specific resistance of amorphous alloys being greater in comparison with crystalline alloys, the density of the amorphous alloy chosen may be equal to or less than that of the crystalline alloy used for the standard part, and consequently the moment of inertia as well as the size of the system 1 may be reduced.
  • the choice will be to reduce the mass of the parts of the exhaust system 1 which are made of metal or amorphous metal alloy. This makes it possible to keep the same size as an exhaust system 1 made of crystalline material and therefore to keep standard dimensions while having better resistance to stresses.
  • One method used is the hot forming of an amorphous preform.
  • This preform is obtained by melting the metallic elements intended to constitute the amorphous alloy in a furnace. Once these elements are melted, they are cast in the form of a semi-finished product, then cooled rapidly in order to maintain the at least partially amorphous state. Once the preform carried out, the hot forming is carried out in order to obtain a final part. This hot forming is carried out by pressing in a temperature range between its glass transition temperature Tg and its crystallization temperature Tx for a determined time to maintain a totally or partially amorphous structure. This is done with the aim of retaining the elastic properties characteristic of amorphous metals.
  • the elements of the exhaust system can be produced by casting or by injection. This process consists in casting the alloy obtained by melting the metal elements in a mold having the shape of the final part. Once the mold is filled, it is cooled rapidly to a temperature below T g in order to avoid crystallization of the alloy and thus to obtain a system 1 made of amorphous or partially amorphous metal.
  • pallets 21 of the anchor 7 are made of metal or amorphous alloy. These pallets 21 may form one and the same part with said anchor or be overmolded after manufacture of the anchor 7. It then becomes conceivable that the pallets 21 and the anchor 7 are made of metal or amorphous alloy but different from the one another.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Hemmungssystem, umfassend mindestens ein Hemmungsrad (23), einen Anker (7), der mit einer Gabel (11) versehen ist, die dazu bestimmt ist, mit einem Stift zusammenzuwirken, der auf einer Schale (5) montiert ist, und mit einer Stange (9), die Arme (13) umfasst, die dazu bestimmt sind, Paletten (21) aufzunehmen, um mit dem Hemmungsrad (23) zusammenzuwirken, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hemmungsrad aus einer gänzlich amorphen Metalllegierung hergestellt ist.
  2. Hemmungssystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anker (7) aus einer mindestens teilweise amorphen Metalllegierung hergestellt ist.
  3. Hemmungssystem nach den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Paletten (21) des Ankers (7) aus einer mindestens teilweise amorphen Metalllegierung hergestellt sind.
  4. Hemmungssystem nach den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Paletten (21) des Ankers und der Anker (7) ein einziges und dasselbe Stück bilden.
  5. Hemmungssystem nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schale (5) aus einer mindestens teilweise amorphen Metalllegierung hergestellt ist.
  6. Hemmungssystem nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Teil des Hemmungssystems Aushöhlungen (29) umfasst, um das Trägheitsmoment dieses Teils zu verringern.
  7. Hemmungssystem nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aushöhlungen durchsetzend sind.
  8. Hemmungssystem nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Teil des Hemmungssystems verdünnte Zonen (27) umfasst, um das Trägheitsmoment dieses Teils zu verringern.
  9. Hemmungssystem nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Material, aus dem ebenfalls die Elemente, außer dem Hemmungsrad, gebildet sind, gänzlich amorph ist.
  10. Hemmungssystem nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Material, aus dem die Elemente, außer dem Hemmungsrad, gebildet sind, gänzlich metallisch ist.
  11. Hemmungssystem nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Metalllegierung unmagnetisch ist.
EP11726830.0A 2010-06-22 2011-06-22 Hemmungssystem einer uhr Active EP2585876B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11726830.0A EP2585876B1 (de) 2010-06-22 2011-06-22 Hemmungssystem einer uhr

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10166938A EP2400352A1 (de) 2010-06-22 2010-06-22 Hemmungssystem einer Uhr
PCT/EP2011/060511 WO2011161193A1 (fr) 2010-06-22 2011-06-22 Systeme d'echappement pour piece d'horlogerie
EP11726830.0A EP2585876B1 (de) 2010-06-22 2011-06-22 Hemmungssystem einer uhr

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2585876A1 EP2585876A1 (de) 2013-05-01
EP2585876B1 true EP2585876B1 (de) 2021-02-17

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EP10166938A Withdrawn EP2400352A1 (de) 2010-06-22 2010-06-22 Hemmungssystem einer Uhr
EP11726830.0A Active EP2585876B1 (de) 2010-06-22 2011-06-22 Hemmungssystem einer uhr

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EP10166938A Withdrawn EP2400352A1 (de) 2010-06-22 2010-06-22 Hemmungssystem einer Uhr

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20130148480A1 (de)
EP (2) EP2400352A1 (de)
JP (1) JP5657107B2 (de)
CN (2) CN105319939B (de)
HK (1) HK1219545A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2011161193A1 (de)

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CN103124935B (zh) * 2010-06-22 2015-05-13 斯沃奇集团研究和开发有限公司 钟表抗震系统
CH707503A2 (fr) * 2013-01-17 2014-07-31 Omega Sa Axe de pivotement pour mouvement horloger.
EP2757423B1 (de) * 2013-01-17 2018-07-11 Omega SA Bauteil für Uhrwerk
US9746829B2 (en) * 2013-12-23 2017-08-29 Nivarox-Far S.A. Contactless cylinder escapement mechanism for timepieces
EP2942147B1 (de) 2014-05-08 2018-11-21 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Uhrhemmungsmechanismus ohne Schmierung
EP2945025B1 (de) * 2014-05-16 2018-02-07 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Uhrwerksmechanismus mit ungeschmierter Kontaktkupplung
EP2952971B1 (de) * 2014-06-05 2016-10-12 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Anker für Hemmungsmechanismus eines Uhrwerks
EP3170579A1 (de) * 2015-11-18 2017-05-24 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Verfahren zur herstellung eines teils aus amorphem metall
EP3179316B1 (de) * 2015-12-10 2021-09-15 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Kontaktlose zylindrische uhrhemmung
DE102015122613B4 (de) * 2015-12-22 2020-07-23 Lange Uhren Gmbh Sekundensprungeinrichtung einer Uhr
EP3208667A1 (de) * 2016-02-18 2017-08-23 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Magnetisches hemmungsdrehteil eines uhrwerks
EP3273303A1 (de) * 2016-07-19 2018-01-24 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Bauteil für uhrwerk
EP3489763B1 (de) * 2017-11-22 2021-06-16 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Anker für die bewegungshemmung eines uhrwerks
EP3729200A1 (de) * 2017-12-20 2020-10-28 Patek Philippe SA Genève Palettenanordnung für uhrwerk
EP3882712B1 (de) * 2020-03-18 2022-11-16 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Mechanisches uhrwerk, dass mit einer uhrhemmung mit einem elastisch deformierbaren anker ausgestattet ist

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CN105319939A (zh) 2016-02-10
US20130148480A1 (en) 2013-06-13
CN105319939B (zh) 2018-02-13
EP2585876A1 (de) 2013-05-01
EP2400352A1 (de) 2011-12-28
JP2013529779A (ja) 2013-07-22
JP5657107B2 (ja) 2015-01-21
CN103026303A (zh) 2013-04-03

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