EP2582450A1 - Utilisation d'un systeme catalytique de reduction des nox a base d'oxyde mixte de cerium - Google Patents
Utilisation d'un systeme catalytique de reduction des nox a base d'oxyde mixte de ceriumInfo
- Publication number
- EP2582450A1 EP2582450A1 EP11736125.3A EP11736125A EP2582450A1 EP 2582450 A1 EP2582450 A1 EP 2582450A1 EP 11736125 A EP11736125 A EP 11736125A EP 2582450 A1 EP2582450 A1 EP 2582450A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oxide
- catalytic system
- gas
- catalytic
- catalyst system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 3
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical group [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011532 electronic conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005404 magnetometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYIWQJCNXCTWOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[N+][O-] Chemical compound [N].[N+][O-] NYIWQJCNXCTWOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QQZMWMKOWKGPQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QQZMWMKOWKGPQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chelidonic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC(=O)C=C(C(O)=O)O1 PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011533 mixed conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AHKZTVQIVOEVFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxide(2-) Chemical compound [O-2] AHKZTVQIVOEVFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005211 surface analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- AIQRTHPXPDTMBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K yttrium(3+);triacetate;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Y+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O AIQRTHPXPDTMBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8628—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/10—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of rare earths
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/83—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0244—Coatings comprising several layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1021—Platinum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/206—Rare earth metals
- B01D2255/2061—Yttrium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
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- B01D2255/2065—Cerium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20707—Titanium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/40—Mixed oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/91—NOx-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
- B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0241—Other waste gases from glass manufacture plants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of purification of a gaseous pollutant gas essentially of NO x type. More particularly, the invention relates to catalytic gas treatment systems, especially at the exhaust outlet of a diesel engine or gasoline, allowing the elimination of said polluting species, by reduction of said NO x type species.
- a conventional three-way catalyst allows the combined treatment of NO x , CO and HC pollutants and their conversion into neutral and chemically harmless gases such as N 2 , CO 2 and H 2 0.
- a very good system efficiency is not achieved only by a continuous adjustment of the richness of the air-fuel mixture. It is thus known that the slightest deviation from the stoichiometry of the mixture causes a large increase in pollutant emissions.
- NO x trap NO x trap
- the major disadvantage of such a system is however that the reduction of NOx can be achieved at the cost of overconsumption of fuel.
- the desorption of NOx entrapped on the catalyst and their catalytic reduction in nitrogen gas N 2 can only be obtained in the presence, at the level of the reduction catalyst, of a sufficient quantity of the species reducing agents in the form of hydrocarbons or carbon monoxide CO or gaseous hydrogen 3 ⁇ 4.
- Hydrogen gas can itself be obtained by a catalytic reaction between HC hydrocarbons and water vapor or between CO and water vapor.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a simple and autonomous catalytic system, allowing the direct elimination of pollutants of the NOx type, in particular NO 2 , contained in a polluted gas to be treated, said system allowing the conversion of said NO x in 2 without the use of an additional material adsorbing NO x very selectively, that is to say more than 80% or more than 90 mol% of the converted NOx are converted into N 2 , said system being able to operate regardless of the global atmosphere of the gases to be treated: oxidizing, neutral or reducing, in particular oxidizing and under low temperature conditions, especially below 500 ° C.
- the present invention relates to the use for the reduction of the NO x , in particular NO 2 , oxidizing polluting species contained in a gas to be purified, of a catalytic system comprising or consisting of an oxide to the molar formulation:
- M is an element chosen from: Gd, Y, Se, Sm, La, Pr, Nd, Er, Tb,
- N is an element having several valence degrees selected from: Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu,
- x is greater than 0.05.
- the electronic resistivity of the ionic and electronically conductive oxide is less than 20 ohms. cm at 400 ° C and its ionic conductivity is between 1 and 10 ⁇ 4 Siemens / cm at 400 ° C.
- the oxide ion and electronic conductor is of the formula CEI y _ z 02- x M y, and wherein y is between about 0.1 and about 0.3.
- the ionic and electronically conductive oxide corresponds to the formula Cei- y O- x Gd y , and wherein y is from about 0.1 to about 0.3.
- z is greater than 0 and preferably between 0.01 and 0.2.
- the ionic and electronic conducting oxide has the formula CEI y _ x 02- z Y y Ti z wherein y is from about 0.1 to about 0.3 and wherein z is between 0.01 and 0.1.
- x is between 0.1 and 0.4, preferably between
- the oxide comprises oxygen vacancies and part of the Ce 4+ cations of the crystal lattice is converted into Ce 3+ cations.
- the proportion of Ce 3+ ions is preferably between 25 and 75%, in particular between 40 and 70%.
- proportion of the cations Ce 3+ we mean the proportion of trivalent cations as calculated according to the Ce 3+ / Ce 4+ ratio. The method of determining such a ratio by magnetic susceptibility measurements is well known and for example described in the publication "Catalysis Today, vol. 54, pp. 93-100 (1999).
- the ionic and electronic conductive oxide has a specific surface area of between 0.5 and 100 m 2 / g, preferably between 1 and 30 m 2 / g.
- the catalytic system as previously described does not require additional metals, especially precious metals, of the type known to date to promote the conversion or reduction of NO x to N 2 , especially those based on the Rh, Cu, Ni type.
- selective catalyst for the oxidation of NO to NO 2 it is understood a catalyst allowing the conversion of more than 50 mol% of NO to NO 2 preferably more than 75% or even more than 80% or even more than 85 mol% of NO to NO 2 .
- the catalytic system according to the invention allowing a extremely selective and efficient reduction of nitrogen dioxide NO 2 to N 2 , but a significantly lower activity of the conversion of nitrogen monoxide NO / N 2 O to N 2 .
- an oxidation catalyst for example comprising platinum.
- Pt or other metals such as Pd, Ag, Fe, Co, or Au, in particular by the known impregnation techniques, CEI formulation oxide y - z 0 2 -x M y N z.
- the catalytic system used according to the invention can be implemented according to various possible modes, according to any technique known in the art.
- Powder bed structures may comprise oxide powder constituted by or incorporating a system used according to the invention.
- Inorganic structures, filtering or not, formed of porous walls of inorganic material for example a ceramic material or foam-type structures are also likely to be constituted by or support cerium oxide corresponding to the molar formulation previously described.
- the porous inorganic structure is impregnated with an aqueous solution comprising particles of cerium oxide corresponding to the preceding molar formulation or its precursors.
- the inorganic material constituting out or part of the inorganic structure is chosen from the following list, alone or in combination: metal or sintered metal, cordierite, aluminum titanate, alumina, mullite, silicon nitride, silicon carbide .
- Electronically conductive inorganic material structures such as silicon carbide or metals for regenerating the catalytic system by polarization.
- the catalytic system as described above may advantageously be used in a structure for the depollution and / or filtration of a gas charged with gaseous pollutants and possibly solid particles, in particular an exhaust gas from a motor vehicle, consisting of a porous inorganic material on which said catalytic system is deposited.
- the present invention is thus particularly applicable in the structures used for the purification and filtration of an exhaust gas of a diesel engine.
- Such structures generally referred to as particle filters, comprise at least one, and preferably a plurality, of monolithic honeycomb blocks.
- the block or blocks comprising a set of adjacent ducts or channels of axes parallel to each other separated by walls porous, closed by plugs at one or the other of their ends to define inlet ducts opening on a gas intake face and outlet ducts opening on a discharge face of gas, so that the gas passes through the porous walls.
- Examples of such assembled or unassembled structures are for example described in EP 0816065, EP 1142619, EP1306358 or EP 1591430.
- the catalytic system makes it possible to convert the NO x oxidizing polluting species even if the atmosphere of the gases is generally oxidizing, that is to say in particular in the case of the treatment of the exhaust gases resulting from a poor initial mixture of air / fuel,
- the catalytic system according to the invention is autonomous, that is to say it allows the continuous conversion of NO x in 2 without the assistance of an additional compound allowing the prior storage NO x before treatment.
- the present invention further relates to the use of a catalytic system as previously described for the depollution of a gas from a glass furnace.
- the invention and its advantages will be better understood on reading the nonlimiting examples which follow:
- a precursor of the oxide is synthesized by a sol-gel method, by mixing the reagents given below, in equivalent proportions to obtain in the initial mixture, in moles: 0.2 part of Y, 0.75 part of This, 0.05 part of Ti.
- yttrium acetate tetrahydrate Y (CH 3 COO) 3 , 4H 2 O (99-102%, Alfa Aesar),
- Titanium isopropoxide Ti (OC 3 H 5 ) 4 (99.9%, Alfa Aesar).
- precursor salts are dissolved in ultrapure distilled water.
- a salt solution and an organic solution are prepared.
- the precursor salts in proportions desired in order to obtain the compound Ceo, 75YO, 2T10, 05O2, as described above, are dissolved in ultrapure distilled water at ambient temperature and with stirring.
- PEG 2000 creates a three-dimensional periodic polymeric network in which salts can be incorporated. Drying and one evaporation of the solvent are 1 to a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure (P a ⁇ tm 1100 mbar) and 65 ° C.
- the removal step of the organic compounds is carried out by heating in air at 600 ° C for 30 minutes.
- the climb ramp is 50 ° C / h.
- the previous gel is placed in an alumina crucible to be certain to eliminate all organic residues.
- the oxide thus recovered, of composition Ceo, 75Y0, 2T10, 05O2 has a yellow color after manual grinding with the mortar. Its specific surface is measured by a conventional surface analysis according to the BET method. This method of measuring specific surface area by inert gas adsorption has been developed by S. Brunauer, PHEmmet and J. Teller is well known to those skilled in the art. Its specific surface is about 57 m 2 / g.
- Oxygen deficit rate x of the oxide was evaluated according to the invention according to conventional techniques, by reduction in programmed temperature (often referred to as temperature-programmed reduction or TPR).
- the samples are heated under an atmosphere comprising 3 ⁇ 4 (3 ⁇ 4 / He mixture with 1 mol% 3 ⁇ 4 1.8 L / h, 10 ° C / min) up to 900 ° C.
- hydrogen consumption is directly correlated with the parameter x.
- This step of reduction at high temperature in a hydrogen atmosphere according to the invention makes it possible to eliminate part of the oxygens not only at the surface but also in the entire volume of the oxide, with the creation of oxygen vacancies throughout the network. lens.
- a step of creating oxygen vacancies could be accompanied by a partial conversion of a part of the Ce 4+ cations of the Ce 3+ cation network.
- a first catalytic system according to the invention is thus obtained.
- Example 1 was reproduced in the same manner except that the last reduction step, that is to say the removal of part of the oxygen from the crystalline lattice of the oxide n has not been done.
- the last reduction step that is to say the removal of part of the oxygen from the crystalline lattice of the oxide n has not been done.
- an oxide with the general formulation Ceo, 75YO, 2T10, 05O2 of surface area 57 m 2 / g this time with no oxygen vacancy.
- the oxide synthesized according to the example is the oxide synthesized according to the example.
- composition Ceo, 75Y0, 2T10, 05O2, with a specific surface area of 57 m 2 / g is preheated at 1250 ° C. for 8 hours in air before the reduction step under pure hydrogen.
- the specific surface area measured after treatment at 1250 ° C is decreased to 2 m 2 / g.
- the oxide is then subjected to the same treatment in a hydrogen atmosphere and at a high temperature as described in Example 1 above, for a time sufficient to obtain a very oxygen-deficient oxide.
- the experimental protocol for obtaining is identical to that already described for Example 2 except that the last step of removing part of the oxygens from the crystal lattice of the oxide is not carried out.
- an oxide of general formulation Ceo, 75Yo, 2Ti0, O502 with no oxygen vacancy is obtained.
- the powder is impregnated with a platinum precursor in the form of platinum dinitrite diamine, (N3 ⁇ 4) 2 Pt (NO 2 ) 2 (Alfa Aesar, 1.7% by weight of Pt), then poured into a flask and mixed with a solution platinum precursor and ultrapure water. The flask is immersed in a water bath and heated to a temperature of 70 ° C, with stirring for 70 minutes.
- the flask is removed from the water bath and cooled to room temperature. The flask is then re-plunged and gently heated under primary vacuum to 60 ° C. After the solvent has completely evaporated after about 2 hours at 60 ° C., the powder is oven-dried at 110 ° C. for 3 hours and then ground. The catalytic system thus obtained is then calcined in air at 500 ° C. for one hour. After impregnation, the oxide of general formulation Ceo, 8Gdo, 202 comprises about 0.3% of Pt relative to the total mass of the oxide and precious metal powder system.
- the oxide is then subjected to treatment in an atmosphere of pure hydrogen and at a high temperature (greater than or equal to 600 ° C.) as described in Example 1 above, for a time sufficient to obtain a oxide very deficient in oxygen.
- a high temperature greater than or equal to 600 ° C.
- Example 3 was reproduced in the same way, except that the last step of severe reduction for the removal of a part of the oxygens from the lattice of the oxide by reduction was not made.
- an oxide of general formulation Ceo 8Gdo 202 comprising platinum, but not lacunar with oxygen, is obtained.
- a fourth catalytic system is prepared consisting of an oxide deficient in oxygen identical to that described in Example 3 but not impregnated with platinum.
- the experimental protocol of obtaining is identical to that already described for example 3 except the step of impregnation of the oxide with Pt.
- the end is thus obtained according to this example a catalyst system without Pt consisting of an oxide of the general formulation Ce ODMS, 2 0i, 7.
- Example 4 was reproduced in the same manner, except that the last severe reduction step for the removal of part of the oxygen from the crystal lattice of the oxide by reduction did not occur. been carried out.
- an oxide of general formulation Ceo, 8GdO, 202 with no oxygen vacancy and without Pt is obtained.
- the samples of the examples of the invention and previous comparative, finely ground in the form of a powder are placed in a U-shaped fixed-bed quartz reactor. More precisely, about 500 mg of the catalytic system are introduced into the reactor. , equipped with a porous quartz frit supporting the powder.
- the volume of the catalyst is of the order of 0.3-0.4 cm 3 .
- the catalyst is heated under a current of He (5 L / h) at 250 ° C and at atmospheric pressure. Once the temperature of 250 ° C. has been stabilized, a reaction mixture composed of a 02 / He mixture is introduced onto the catalyst at a total flow rate of 10 L / h and a hourly space velocity of between 25,000 and 35,000 h -1 .
- the gaseous mixture to be cleaned up initially comprises 500 ppm of O2. It is representative of a highly oxidizing atmosphere, in the sense for example of an exhaust gas from a diesel engine operating in lean mixture or a gas from a burner of a glass furnace.
- On-line gas analysis is performed by an infra-red analyzer for NO and 2O, ultraviolet for NO2, and by a microchromatograph equipped with two analysis modules and two catharometric detectors, for oxygen analysis and nitrogen.
- the evolution of the concentrations of NO, NO 2 and N 2 and N 2 O in the gases to be treated is monitored as a function of time as soon as the NO 2 / He mixture is introduced onto the catalyst for approximately 2 hours.
- An overall molar percentage of conversion of NOx to N2 by the catalyst system is then calculated over this period, as reported in Tables 1 and 2.
- Example 1 shows that the catalytic systems according to the invention can convert NO x to 2 even if they have very small specific surface areas, while maintaining good selectivity.
- the selectivity of the systems according to the invention is very high. This was determined by measuring the percentage of product 2 (in umol) relative to the amount of NO x converted (N 2 + N 2 0) by the catalyst system during the duration of the test (6500 seconds). In this case, the system according to the invention show no presence of NO x converted 2 0 because the selectivity is 100%.
- Example 3 The comparison between Example 3 and Example 4 indicates that the presence of a precious metal is not necessary for the catalytic reaction.
- the presence of platinum on oxygen deficient oxide can even under certain conditions lead to a decrease in the NOx conversion rate, which appears extremely surprising, especially when the gas to be treated contains a large majority of nitrogen dioxide.
- other tests carried out by the applicant have shown that the presence of noble metal catalyst such as Pt, however, may be advantageous when the gas to be treated comprises this time significant amounts of nitric oxide.
- Example 5 shows that the NO x conversion effect can be directly correlated with the oxygen deficit state of the crystal lattice, the conversion rate of NO x decreasing with the value of the rate x of oxygen vacancies in the crystal lattice of the oxide.
- a significant conversion of pollutants is observed at a low temperature, that is to say at 250 ° C, while the usual catalysts are active at much higher temperatures .
- the current three-way catalysts, especially zeolites are mainly active between 700 and 1000 ° C.
- the proportion of the cations in the oxide is measured by the Ce 3+ / Ce 4+ ratio, obtained by means of magnetic susceptibility measurements (also called “Magnetic Balance Measurement” or “magnetic balance”). known in the field.
- the proportion of Ce 3+ ion is of the order of 40 to 60%.
- the conductivities of the oxide can be measured by conventional impedance techniques, for example as described in the publication "Acta Materialia, vol. 56, pp. 4658-4672 (2008).
- the ionic and electronic conductivities of the samples according to the examples according to the invention are much lower than those of the comparative examples, and they are the only ones to be in accordance with the subject of the present invention: electronic resistivity less than 20 ohms. cm at 400 ° C and ionic conductivity of between 1 and 10 ⁇ 4 Siemens / cm at 400 ° C.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1054780A FR2961410B1 (fr) | 2010-06-16 | 2010-06-16 | Systeme catalytique de reduction des nox |
PCT/FR2011/051381 WO2011157964A1 (fr) | 2010-06-16 | 2011-06-16 | Utilisation d'un systeme catalytique de reduction des nox a base d'oxyde mixte de cerium |
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EP2582450A1 true EP2582450A1 (fr) | 2013-04-24 |
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EP11736125.3A Ceased EP2582450A1 (fr) | 2010-06-16 | 2011-06-16 | Utilisation d'un systeme catalytique de reduction des nox a base d'oxyde mixte de cerium |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US8591845B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2582450A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2013533800A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20130131214A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN103124588A (fr) |
EA (1) | EA027941B1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2961410B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011157964A1 (fr) |
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FR2984182B1 (fr) | 2011-12-16 | 2014-09-05 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Systeme catalytique de traitement de gaz |
EP2835171A1 (fr) * | 2013-08-08 | 2015-02-11 | Technical University of Denmark | Procédé et système pour la purification de gaz d'échappement avec une cellule électrochimique |
GB201405868D0 (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2014-05-14 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Diesel oxidation catalyst with NOx adsorber activity |
US10254249B2 (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2019-04-09 | The University Of Manitoba | Method of magnetic analysis to determine the catalytic activity of metal oxides including nanoceria |
GB2570889B (en) | 2018-02-07 | 2020-02-12 | Ford Global Tech Llc | An exhaust gas treatment device comprising an electrochemical cell |
CN114695906B (zh) * | 2021-12-20 | 2024-09-10 | 中国科学技术大学 | 一种固体氧化物电池燃料极材料、其制备方法和电池 |
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US4839146A (en) * | 1987-04-15 | 1989-06-13 | General Motors Corporation | Catalyst for simultaneous NO decomposition and CO oxidation under cycled operating conditions |
WO1997025203A1 (fr) | 1994-07-14 | 1997-07-17 | Ibiden Co., Ltd. | Structure ceramique |
US5837642A (en) * | 1995-12-26 | 1998-11-17 | Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. | Heat-resistant oxide |
US6576200B1 (en) * | 1998-08-28 | 2003-06-10 | Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. | Catalytic converter for automotive pollution control, and oxygen-storing complex oxide used therefor |
JP2001058130A (ja) * | 1999-08-23 | 2001-03-06 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 窒素酸化物分解用触媒 |
US6878354B1 (en) | 1999-09-03 | 2005-04-12 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Catalyst and process for exhaust purification |
JP4443685B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-10 | 2010-03-31 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 排気ガス浄化用助触媒の製造方法 |
EP1508358B1 (fr) | 1999-09-29 | 2009-04-15 | Ibiden Co., Ltd. | Filtre en nid d' abeilles et ensemble de filtres céramiques |
JP3943300B2 (ja) * | 1999-11-22 | 2007-07-11 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 排ガス浄化装置および排ガス浄化方法 |
JP2002119857A (ja) * | 2000-10-18 | 2002-04-23 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | NOx浄化用触媒およびその製造方法 |
JP2002210365A (ja) * | 2001-01-18 | 2002-07-30 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | NOx浄化用触媒およびその製造方法 |
US6770392B2 (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2004-08-03 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Ceria based solid electrolytes |
JP4382367B2 (ja) | 2003-01-14 | 2009-12-09 | 日本碍子株式会社 | セラミックハニカム構造体の接合方法 |
CN101703920B (zh) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-06-29 | 华中科技大学 | 二氧化氮吸附还原材料制备方法 |
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2010
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2011
- 2011-06-16 JP JP2013514775A patent/JP2013533800A/ja active Pending
- 2011-06-16 KR KR1020127032769A patent/KR20130131214A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-06-16 EP EP11736125.3A patent/EP2582450A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2011-06-16 US US13/700,880 patent/US8591845B2/en active Active
- 2011-06-16 CN CN2011800295642A patent/CN103124588A/zh active Pending
- 2011-06-16 EA EA201291255A patent/EA027941B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-06-16 WO PCT/FR2011/051381 patent/WO2011157964A1/fr active Application Filing
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US20130136676A1 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
CN103124588A (zh) | 2013-05-29 |
FR2961410B1 (fr) | 2015-12-04 |
US8591845B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 |
JP2013533800A (ja) | 2013-08-29 |
EA201291255A1 (ru) | 2013-05-30 |
KR20130131214A (ko) | 2013-12-03 |
WO2011157964A1 (fr) | 2011-12-22 |
FR2961410A1 (fr) | 2011-12-23 |
EA027941B1 (ru) | 2017-09-29 |
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