EP2576846B1 - Procédé pour déterminer le moment de l'allumage lors du procédé de soufflage par le haut - Google Patents

Procédé pour déterminer le moment de l'allumage lors du procédé de soufflage par le haut Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2576846B1
EP2576846B1 EP11723340.3A EP11723340A EP2576846B1 EP 2576846 B1 EP2576846 B1 EP 2576846B1 EP 11723340 A EP11723340 A EP 11723340A EP 2576846 B1 EP2576846 B1 EP 2576846B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiation intensity
ignition
images
exhaust hood
sensor
Prior art date
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Not-in-force
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EP11723340.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2576846A2 (fr
Inventor
Franz Hartl
Thomas Kurzmann
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Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
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Siemens VAI Metals Technologies GmbH Austria
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Publication of EP2576846A2 publication Critical patent/EP2576846A2/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4673—Measuring and sampling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
    • F27D21/02—Observation or illuminating devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the time of ignition in the inflation process, in particular in the LD method, in a steel converter, wherein the radiation generated during the ignition, which emerges between converter mouth and exhaust hood, is detected, and a corresponding device.
  • the aim of steelmaking is to produce steel, ie iron alloys with low carbon content and desired properties such as hardness, rust resistance or ductility.
  • the pig iron is refined with oxygen.
  • the oxidation process which lowers the carbon content (the refining), provides enough heat in these processes to keep the steel liquid, so external heat input is not necessary in the converters.
  • the blowing process can also be subdivided into inflation and bottom blowing processes. Bottom blowing techniques include the Bessemer process, the Thomas process, the racing fires and early blast furnaces. The best known inflation method is the LD method.
  • the combustion in the steel converter does not start immediately with the beginning of the injection of oxygen, but usually delays by a few seconds up to 90 seconds, and then spontaneously use at an unpredictable time. Knowing the exact timing of ignition is very important because only from this point on oxygen will react in reaction with the melt and the actual duration of this reaction will be critical to process control and steel quality, especially carbon content. Together with other parameters, the time of ignition allows the blowing process to be controlled from beginning to end. Knowing the timing of the ignition can improve the quality of the steel, and re-inject oxygen (re-blowing) or re-carburizing (associated with renewed sulfur use). The repeatability of the blowing process is improved, which also has a positive effect on the further steps of the process chain, such as secondary metallurgy.
  • the ignition is also detected automatically via the measurement of the temperature increase in the exhaust gas or the exhaust pipes of the steel converter.
  • this method is associated with a time delay between the actual time of ignition and the detection of the time of ignition of several seconds, often up to 30 seconds.
  • time-delayed determination of the timing of the ignition is for litigation disadvantageous.
  • the timing of the ignition in hindsight not exactly, but only approximately determined.
  • the thermal expansion in the head of the lance can be used to determine the timing of the ignition (by means of strain gauges).
  • strain gauges the thermal expansion in the head of the lance
  • the photocell will be according to AT 299 283 B with its optical axis arranged horizontally about 10 cm above the top edge of the converter mouth, so that it detects with open chimney hood the radiation that emerges between the upper edge of the converter mouth (converter mouth) and the lower edge of the chimney hood (exhaust hood).
  • the photocell is now adjusted so that its control current at a temperature of the targeted reaction gases of about 1100 ° C, preferably about 1200 ° C, occurs and thus represents the time of ignition.
  • the control current of the photocell triggers the measurement for the predetermined "metallurgical" amount of oxygen.
  • a disadvantage of the method of AT 299 283 B is that this provides only a single data value, which is often insufficient for the safe ignition detection of the inflation process.
  • the photocell could also be triggered by a single failure, such as a single spark close to the photocell, although the actual ignition of the oxygen has not yet taken place.
  • the object is achieved in that at the earliest (because otherwise possibly still other, not originating from the ignition flames brightly blaze) starting with the oxygen bubbles (for example, when reaching a certain oxygen flow) several temporally successive images of the same area between converter mouth and exhaust hood means a sensor which contains a plurality of photodiodes corresponding in each case to one pixel, preferably by means of a CCD image sensor, a course of the radiation intensity over time is determined on the basis of the radiation intensity measured by the photodiodes and that time at which a predetermined increase in the radiation intensity is reached, as the time of ignition is determined.
  • a certain radiation intensity is defined in advance as the limit value, the exceeding of which sets the time for the ignition.
  • photodiodes are semiconductor diodes, the visible light, but depending on the design and infrared (IR) -, ultraviolet (UV) - or X-rays through the internal photoelectric effect in a convert electricity.
  • IR infrared
  • UV ultraviolet
  • X-rays through the internal photoelectric effect in a convert electricity.
  • Each photodiode of the sensor corresponds to a pixel or pixel of the sensor and thus a pixel or pixel of the recorded image.
  • a CCD image sensor is a sensor which is made up of so-called CCD elements (charge-coupled devices).
  • CCD image sensors usually consist of a matrix (more rarely a line) with photosensitive photodiodes called pixels or pixels. These can be rectangular, square or polygonal, with edge lengths of less than 3 microns to over 20 microns. The larger the area of the pixels, the higher the photosensitivity and the dynamic range of the CCD sensor, the smaller, however, with the same sensor size, the image resolution.
  • CCD image sensors can be manufactured for both visible wavelengths as well as for near-infrared, UV and X-ray ranges. This extends the spectrum for special applications from 0.1 pm to about 1.1 ⁇ m. Further advantages are their broad spectral sensitivity, their high dynamic range (ie the ability to capture very faint and very bright areas of an image at the same time) and the fact that the image information is generated digitally, for example in photometry (brightness measurement) and in the application sophisticated image processing methods is an advantage.
  • CCD cameras, made up of CCD image sensors and optics can be remotely controlled for industrial applications and automatically store the images on disk media. The subsequent image analysis partially intervenes in the read-out algorithm of the CCD element in order to read interest regions of interest (ROI) faster.
  • CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
  • CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
  • the Digital Pixel Sensor is an image sensor based on the principles of CMOS sensors, but due to a special scanning methodology it has much greater dynamics and, in many cases, a significantly better signal-to-noise ratio than conventional sensors having. Furthermore, frame rates of up to 10,000 images per second can be achieved under suitable lighting conditions.
  • the senor is aligned with the area between the converter mouth and the discharge hood and, as soon as the oxygen blowing has started and therefore an ignition will occur as a result, images are continuously taken and stored. The same picture area is always recorded.
  • the radiation intensity of the area imaged therebetween between the converter mouth and the extraction hood is determined from each recorded image. If one plots the calculated intensity values over the time axis, one sees a temporal course of the radiation intensity. Once, so to speak for the initialization of the method, that radiation intensity was determined at which the ignition occurs, then in the calculated time course of the radiation intensity only this radiation intensity must be searched. The time associated with this radiation intensity is then the time of ignition. Since the radiation intensity increases relatively rapidly after ignition, that time will be defined as the time of ignition, from which the time course of the radiation intensity will experience a certain, predetermined increase (see above).
  • a sensor which predominantly detects visible light for example in the form of a CCD camera.
  • Such cameras are - in contrast to thermal imaging cameras - available on the market and also provide the desired information about the radiation intensity (maximum wavelength-specific radiation power moves with increasing temperature of the IR in the visible region ⁇ Wien'sches displacement law).
  • an IR cut filter can be connected upstream. If the sensor is working in the visible light range, it can be used as a surveillance camera outside of the firing times.
  • the images of the sensor should best include the entire gap between the edge of the converter mouth and the edge of the exhaust hood.
  • the opening angle of the lens is adjusted so that, if possible, the entire gap between the converter mouth and the discharge hood is visible, but at least 50% of this area, preferably from the middle of the gap.
  • the sensitivity of the sensor is adjusted in the method such that images taken before the oxygen blowing, that is, if no ignition has certainly taken place, have as little exposure as possible, ie are almost black.
  • the aperture of the lens must therefore be either manually adjustable or it must be provided with auto iris lenses a special circuit by which the automatic iris control is deactivated for the period of igniter detection.
  • the sensor should comprise at least a number of 10,000 pixels. For example, it could be 480 by 640 pixels or (in the case of analog cameras) by PAL standard 768x576 pixels, which is perfectly adequate.
  • the inventive method provides according to claim 1 that per image only a certain number of the brightest pixels between converter mouth and hood, corresponding to a proportion of 0.1% -1% of the area between converter mouth and hood (ROI), is selected and from these By averaging the radiation intensity between converter mouth and hood is determined.
  • the gap between the converter mouth and the extraction hood is relevant, because only the radiation that penetrates from this gap provides information about the ignition that has taken place. Accordingly, for the determination of the radiation intensity, only this gap, more specifically, that part of the gap which is depicted in the image, is used. The part of the gap depicted in the picture is thus essentially the so-called "region of interest” (ROI), which is used for the further evaluation of the image. It would therefore be necessary to read out the radiation intensities or gray levels of the pixels only for the pixels or pixels of the gap.
  • ROI region of interest
  • not all pixels are used for the determination of the radiation intensity, but only a certain number of the brightest pixels.
  • the sensor comprises 480 times 640 pixels or pixels and about one fifth of that corresponds to the ROI (when using wide-angle lenses - useful for monitoring outside the ignition phases - the image area includes much more than just the gap between the converter and the hood)
  • the 100 brightest pixels of the slit for determining the radiation intensity are selected, which is only to be understood as a guideline because the number of the brightest pixels can be set as a variable parameter.
  • the radiation intensities or gray values of the brightest pixels are averaged, and thus the average of the radiation intensity or of the gray value for this image is determined. This is repeated for each recorded image and the results of the radiation intensity or the gray value are plotted over the time axis, the time at which the image was recorded being used as the respective time.
  • the radiation intensity is averaged over several successive images, in particular over at least five images or over a maximum period of two seconds. It has been shown that especially at the beginning of oxygen blowing only single sparks occur, which soon go out again. Accordingly, particularly bright pixels can be recognized in an image, but only relatively darker pixels in the following images.
  • the radiation intensity for the ignition of the blass oxygen could already result from a single image with particularly bright pixels (eg a glowing spark or a short flame tongue reaching close to the lens) (or a particularly steep increase in the time curve of the radiation intensity), while the following darker images would result in a radiation intensity below that for the ignition of the pale oxygen (or a particularly steep drop in the time curve of the radiation intensity). Therefore, it makes sense to smooth the radiation intensity curve in order to obtain a continuously rising curve, with which then the time of ignition can be clearly determined.
  • the recording of images according to the invention ends at the latest when the extraction hood has been lowered onto the converter mouth. Because then closes the gap between exhaust hood and converter mouth and the pictures are no longer relevant for the ignition.
  • the recording of images can also be set earlier, for example, if, due to the radiation intensities determined by the method according to the invention, the time of ignition has already been determined and confirmed by reaching a certain exhaust gas temperature in the exhaust gas stack.
  • the time of ignition has already been determined and confirmed by reaching a certain exhaust gas temperature in the exhaust gas stack.
  • even after the ignition point has been reached or after the extraction hood has been lowered further images can be recorded in order to be able to recognize other process-relevant events or for monitoring purposes.
  • the computer is connected to the process control system of the steel converter and reports the time of ignition to the process control system or to the control (PLC).
  • the camera is surrounded by a cooled housing, wherein the cooling can be done by water, by air or by nitrogen.
  • the view opening for the lens is to be kept small (about 5mm diameter).
  • so-called pinhole lenses should be used.
  • the housing in front of the lens of the camera has a pneumatically or manually operable closure in the form of a flap or a slider. This allows the camera to be protected from radiation and dirt during breaks between two firings.
  • Fig. 1 the steel converter 1 is shown, in which there is the use to be refurbished, namely scrap and particulate pig iron 2 and liquid pig iron 3.
  • the exhaust gas stack 4 is arranged.
  • the raisable and lowerable lance 7 is inserted through the opening 8 of the exhaust passage 4 in the steel converter 1.
  • the lance 7 descends from the position H 2 , in which the lance 7 is drawn with continuous lines and where the oxygen supply is not yet open, to the operating position H 1 from. Already shortly before reaching the operating position H 1 , the oxygen supply is opened and the oxygen required for blowing 9 emerges. The lance 7 is further lowered while oxygen 9 exits the mouth until it reaches the operating position H 1 , which is shown in phantom. This can also be out Fig. 5 are read, where the position of the lance 7 through the curve 32 and the oxygen flow through the curve 34 is shown.
  • the ignition should be made if no ignition delay occurs. However, if the ignition is delayed by excess scrap or the like, so emits a lot of oxygen, which does not participate in the fresh reaction, and must be taken into account very well.
  • the reaction gases 10 rise from the steel converter 1, which consist mainly of carbon monoxide (CO).
  • the extraction hood 5 is then, as in Fig. 1 shown, open so that so-called false air 11 flows through the gap between the exhaust hood 5 and steel converter 1 and its converter mouth.
  • the carbon monoxide of the reaction gases 10 burns with air.
  • the incipient combustion of the blast oxygen with the carbon from the pig iron produces white glowing flames or gases.
  • the sensor / camera 14 is attached at a distance of 1 to 3 m by means of a surrounding housing 23 to the housing of the steel converter 1, in such a way that its optical axis 12 in the gap between the exhaust hood 5 and steel converter 1 and its Converter mouth is addressed.
  • the sensor 14 is designed as a CCD or CMOS image sensor that only provides gray values (black and white CCD image sensor). It is also possible to use color cameras whose images are then converted to grayscale images via software.
  • the sensor is preceded by an objective 13, which together with the sensor 14 forms a camera.
  • the aperture of the lens and the exposure time of the camera sensor can be adjusted. The best way is that before the oxygen bubbles taken pictures, so if certainly no ignition has taken place, have no exposure, so are black. This has the advantage that a pixel will go into saturation only if the radiation intensity actually comes from a hot flame, as it is found only after ignition. Flames are often there even before the ignition, but not with as much brightness as when lighting.
  • the image signals of the sensor 14 are forwarded via a line 19 to the computer 20, which processes and evaluates them.
  • This can be a computer that only performs the image processing and evaluation and the data obtained, in particular the time of ignition, to the Central computer of the control system forwards.
  • the computer 20 can also be the central computer, which performs the image processing and evaluation in addition to its other tasks and uses the data obtained for the process line, for example for controlling the oxygen supply to the steel converter 1 or for closing the exhaust hood 5.
  • the measured values of the temperature in the housing 23 can also be forwarded to the computer 20 because it also monitors the air or water cooling for the housing. In addition, it takes over the control for the opening and closing of the flap 26. Accordingly, the computer 20 via a line 18 control signals to the camera for adjusting the exposure time and the aperture are directed.
  • the housing 23 is cooled, wherein the regulation of the coolant inflow 24 and the coolant outflow 25 can be performed by the computer 20 by a dedicated controller or by temperature measurements in the housing 23. Furthermore, it can be provided that the objective 13 or the cover of the objective 13 with purging air (not shown) is kept free. The coolant flow and the air pressure of the air purge are constantly monitored to detect malfunctions immediately.
  • a mechanical flap 26 is additionally provided, which is mounted in front of the housing 23 and is operated pneumatically or manually.
  • the flap 26 can be closed outside of the operating times of the sensor 14 or the camera formed with this, in order to protect the camera from heat or slag splashes.
  • the operation of the flap can be triggered manually by the operator or automatically by the central computer of the control system.
  • the power supply 21, 22 for the sensor 14 of the camera is in Fig. 1 also marked.
  • Fig. 2 is a section of a plant Fig. 1 represented where the housing 23 is installed in the so-called Doghouse 29. There, the housing 23 and the camera via a stage 31 can be reached. 30 shows a page of the two-part so-called Doghouse doors, which are opened for the charging process. During the blowing process, the enclosure is completely closed, which is the installation of the camera according to Fig. 2 requires.
  • FIG. 3 an image recorded by the sensor 14 is shown, in which case the ignition has already taken place.
  • the upper dark image area represents the extraction hood 5 or the ceiling of the doghouse 29, the lower dark image area represents the steel converter 1 or its converter mouth.
  • the gap between exhaust hood and converter mouth is mostly brightly lit. It is also this picture detail which is decisive for the determination of the time of ignition. Therefore, only a rectangular image area, which represents the majority of the gap contained in the image, is used for further calculations. This image area is referred to as the "region of interest" (ROI) 15.
  • ROI region of interest
  • the flap 26 is opened, so that at the beginning of the blowing process, where oxygen is then blown through the lance into the steel converter 1, in any case already radiation / light can pass through the lens 13 to the sensor 14 ,
  • the first pictures of in Fig. 4 Accordingly, the sequence of pictures taken before the blowing process are almost entirely black.
  • the computer 20 selects from the region of interest 15, which is the same for all images from the same pixels, those hundred pixels or pixels which are the brightest. Their radiation intensities or gray values are averaged and the average value of their radiation intensities or gray values is determined as a preliminary radiation intensity or as a preliminary gray value of the gap at the time the image is recorded. This provisional radiation intensity or gray value is averaged with the preliminary radiation intensities or gray values of the four temporally preceding images. Thus, an averaging is carried out over five consecutive pictures, which corresponds to averaging over a period of half a second at 10 frames per second. The value calculated from the averaging over five images is determined and stored as the final radiation intensity or as the final gray value of the gap at the time the image was taken.
  • the images produced by the inventive method of the gap between converter mouth and exhaust hood and the time course of the gray scale curve can also be displayed continuously and in real time on a monitor in the control room.
  • the operator can also recognize the time of the ignition on the basis of the images or the clear increase in the gray values.
  • the result will be more accurate than direct viewing of the gap by the operator, because the sensor is closer to the steel converter than the operator could be, and in addition, the gray scale curve provides an overall view over the course of that crucial period of time.
  • the sensor or the camera formed therewith must be calibrated once: images of a blowing process are taken with the camera and determine the final radiation intensities as described above. It is ensured that the final radiation intensities are almost zero before the ignition (ie, the image is almost black) and after the ignition at least partially go into saturation. It is also possible to make the fine calibration continuously dynamic by the sensitivity (dimming) is adjusted depending on the exhaust gas temperature in the exhaust stack 4. Depending on the composition of the current batch of steel converter or scrap, some batches burn even after the pig iron has been charged. When using wet scrap, additional hydrogen is released, which burns easily or even causes explosions.
  • Fig. 5 the time profile of the radiation intensities measured by the sensor 14 and determined by the method according to the invention is shown, but with a charge different from that of FIG Fig. 4 and thus not directly comparable to this.
  • the underlying images were taken at equal intervals (10 frames per second).
  • the vertical axis [0 ... 1000] are assigned several more measured values, all of which come from already existing measuring devices of the system and must be provided by the plant operator (at least oxygen flow and exhaust gas temperature) to start the recordings automatically and the ignition confirm and stop recording.
  • the curve 16 represents the preliminary radiation intensity of the individual images determined as described above (intensities or gray values averaged over the 100 brightest pixels of the region of interest 15 of an image).
  • the images of images and thus also the calculation of the values of this curve starts in this case with an oxygen flow> 100 Nm 3 / min.
  • the exposure of the sensor is initially very high, which explains the curve peak at this time. During the first pictures, however, the exposure will be reduced. It can be clearly seen that the curve in the area of the rise has large peaks which run over half the gray scale range. Therefore, the preliminary radiation intensities or gray values of an image are averaged with temporally adjacent images as described above.
  • the resulting radiation intensities (referred to above as "final" radiation intensities) are shown in curve 17.
  • Fig. 6 is just the radiation intensity off Fig. 5 represented for that period, where the ignition takes place.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Claims (14)

  1. Procédé pour déterminer le moment de l'allumage lors du procédé du soufflage par le haut, en particulier lors du procédé LD, dans un convertisseur (1) d'acier, où le rayonnement, qui se produit lors de l'allumage et est émis entre le bec du convertisseur et la hotte d'évacuation (5), est détecté,
    caractérisé en ce que, commençant au plus tôt avec le soufflage de l'oxygène, plusieurs images de la même zone formée entre le bec du convertisseur et la hotte d'évacuation (5), images qui se suivent dans le temps, sont prises au moyen d'un capteur (14), de préférence au moyen d'un capteur d'images CCD, qui comprend plusieurs photodiodes correspondant à chaque fois à un point d'image, une évolution de l'intensité de rayonnement est déterminée sur la durée, sur la base de l'intensité de rayonnement mesurée par les photodiodes, et ce moment, au cours duquel est atteinte une augmentation prédéterminée de l'intensité de rayonnement, est fixé comme moment de l'allumage où, pour chaque image, on choisit seulement un nombre déterminé des points d'images les plus clairs entre le bec du convertisseur et la hotte d'évacuation(5), lesdits points d'images correspondant à une partie comprise entre 0,1 % et 1 % de la zone située entre le bec du convertisseur et la hotte d'évacuation(5) et, à partir de ces points d'images, on détermine, en établissant une moyenne, l'intensité de rayonnement entre le bec du convertisseur et la hotte d'évacuation(5), et où l'intensité de rayonnement est calculée en moyenne sur plusieurs images qui se suivent, en particulier sur au moins cinq images ou sur un laps de temps maximum de deux secondes.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le capteur (14) détecte principalement une lumière visible.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les images comprennent la totalité de l'intervalle formé entre le bord du bec de convertisseur et le bord de la hotte d'évacuation(5).
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les images comprennent au moins 50 % de la surface, de préférence à partir du milieu, de l'intervalle formé entre le bec du convertisseur et le bord de la hotte d'évacuation(5).
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la sensibilité du capteur (14) est réglée de manière telle, que les images prises avant le soufflage de l'oxygène ne présentent si possible aucune exposition à la lumière.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le capteur (14) comprend au moins un nombre de 10.000 points d'images.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la prise d'images se termine quand la hotte d'évacuation(5) est abaissée sur le bec du convertisseur.
  8. Dispositif pour la réalisation du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, comprenant une caméra (13, 14) comportant un capteur (14), de préférence un capteur d'images CCD, qui comprend plusieurs photodiodes, où la caméra (13, 14) est alignée, avec son axe optique, sur l'intervalle formé entre le bec du convertisseur et la hotte d'évacuation (5), ainsi qu'un calculateur servant à l'évaluation des images de la caméra, où le calculateur est programmé de manière telle, qu'il détermine, sur la base de l'intensité de rayonnement enregistrée par les capteurs, une évolution de l'intensité de rayonnement sur la durée, et ce moment, au cours duquel est atteinte une augmentation prédéterminée de l'intensité de rayonnement, est fixé comme moment de l'allumage où, pour chaque image, on choisit seulement un nombre déterminé des points d'images les plus clairs entre le bec du convertisseur et la hotte d'évacuation (5), lesdits points d'images correspondant à une partie comprise entre 0,1 % et 1 % de la zone située entre le bec du convertisseur et la hotte d'évacuation(5) et, à partir de ces points d'images, on détermine, en établissant une moyenne, l'intensité de rayonnement entre le bec du convertisseur et la hotte d'évacuation (5), et où l'intensité de rayonnement est calculée en moyenne sur plusieurs images successives, en particulier sur au moins cinq images ou sur un laps de temps maximum de deux secondes.
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la caméra (13, 14) est fixée sur l'enceinte du convertisseur (1) d'acier.
  10. Dispositif selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que la caméra (13, 14) est entourée par un boîtier refroidi (23).
  11. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture de viseur pour l'objectif de la caméra (13, 14) présente un diamètre de moins de 6 mm.
  12. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise des objectifs miniatures.
  13. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu un dispositif avec lequel l'ouverture de viseur du boîtier (23) peut être maintenue dégagée par rinçage à l'azote ou avec de l'air.
  14. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 13, caractérisé en ce que le boîtier (23) comprend, devant l'objectif (13) de la caméra, une fermeture pouvant être actionnée pneumatiquement ou manuellement et se présentant sous la forme d'un volet (26) ou d'un tiroir.
EP11723340.3A 2010-06-02 2011-05-12 Procédé pour déterminer le moment de l'allumage lors du procédé de soufflage par le haut Not-in-force EP2576846B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT9112010A AT509866B1 (de) 2010-06-02 2010-06-02 Verfahren zum bestimmen des zeitpunktes der zündung beim aufblasverfahren
PCT/EP2011/057672 WO2011151143A2 (fr) 2010-06-02 2011-05-12 Procédé pour déterminer le moment de l'allumage lors du procédé de soufflage par le haut

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DE102021004593A1 (de) 2021-09-10 2023-03-16 Promecon Process Measurement Control Gmbh Metallurgischer Schmelzofen sowie Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Menge an heteromolekularem Gas

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CN102721988B (zh) * 2012-06-14 2014-09-03 中国气象科学研究院 基于天空可见光图像的日照时数测量方法
UA113614C2 (xx) 2013-02-14 2017-02-27 Спосіб експлуатації кисневої продувальної фурми в металургійній ємності і вимірювальна система для визначення використовуваних при цьому сигналів вимірювань
EP3002341A1 (fr) 2014-09-30 2016-04-06 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Procédé et dispositif de détermination du moment d'allumage pour un procédé de soufflage à l'oxygène
EP3002342A1 (fr) 2014-09-30 2016-04-06 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Procédé et dispositif de détermination du moment d'allumage pour un procédé de soufflage à l'oxygène
DE102014222788A1 (de) * 2014-11-07 2016-05-12 Sms Group Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Regeln des Druckes im Abgaskanal eines Konverters
KR102288551B1 (ko) * 2017-06-30 2021-08-10 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 전로의 조업 감시 방법 및 전로의 조업 방법
JP6954262B2 (ja) * 2018-12-28 2021-10-27 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 転炉の操業方法
CN109897929A (zh) * 2019-03-18 2019-06-18 共享智能铸造产业创新中心有限公司 铸铁三明治工艺球化时间自动采集系统及其工作方法
CN111753691B (zh) * 2020-06-15 2024-01-02 上海电气集团股份有限公司 一种检测及控制气化炉的方法、设备及系统
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CN102906281B (zh) 2014-06-04
WO2011151143A3 (fr) 2012-04-19
RU2564178C2 (ru) 2015-09-27
AT509866A4 (de) 2011-12-15
WO2011151143A2 (fr) 2011-12-08
RU2012157724A (ru) 2014-07-20
CN102906281A (zh) 2013-01-30
EP2576846A2 (fr) 2013-04-10
AT509866B1 (de) 2011-12-15

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