EP4317466A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'acier dans un récipient métallurgique - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'acier dans un récipient métallurgique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4317466A1
EP4317466A1 EP23185250.0A EP23185250A EP4317466A1 EP 4317466 A1 EP4317466 A1 EP 4317466A1 EP 23185250 A EP23185250 A EP 23185250A EP 4317466 A1 EP4317466 A1 EP 4317466A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metallurgical vessel
process data
pressure
exhaust
exhaust air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23185250.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ulrich Ahrens
Martin Blanke
Vadym Zhuravlov-Kogan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SMS Group GmbH
Original Assignee
SMS Group GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SMS Group GmbH filed Critical SMS Group GmbH
Publication of EP4317466A1 publication Critical patent/EP4317466A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4673—Measuring and sampling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/28—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or the like devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing steel in a metallurgical vessel, in which crude steel is melted in the metallurgical vessel and oxygen is introduced into the crude steel, an exhaust air system being arranged above the metallurgical vessel in which a predetermined target pressure is maintained in a controlled manner.
  • the removal of exhaust gases through the exhaust system is generally controlled with the help of a pressure measurement in the exhaust duct.
  • the US 2017/0335417 A1 proposes setting the pressure setpoint using a value that takes into account the size of the flame spot, which is captured by a camera aimed at the converter opening. Additional information, such as the position of the skirt and the amount of oxygen injected into the converter, is also used to adjust the setpoint. However, the basis for determining the actual pressure is measuring it using a pressure sensor arranged in the exhaust air system.
  • the WO 2020/212782 A1 expands the use of cameras for electric arc converters (EAF converters) and suggests using flame spot intensity in addition to size.
  • EAF converters electric arc converters
  • the actual pressure is measured using a pressure sensor arranged in the exhaust air system.
  • the gas throughput through the exhaust air system is controlled by pressure measurement in the exhaust air system (cooling chimney). Due to the harsh environment, the pressure measuring device required for this is complicated and constructed requires a relatively large installation space. Due to the dust-containing gas, the pressure measuring sockets also tend to become dirty and clogged, which leads to incorrect pressure measurement. Consequently, the maintenance costs for the system are also relatively high.
  • the invention is based on the object of developing a method of the type mentioned in such a way that the pressure measurement in the exhaust air system is unnecessary, which means that the problem described above is to be eliminated.
  • the process data further comprises at least one analyzed image from a camera which records a flame or smoke which arises during the process, in particular between the top of the metallurgical vessel and the bottom of the exhaust system (i.e. in the area of the above-mentioned gap).
  • the pressure in the exhaust system is not measured using a pressure sensor.
  • a pressure sensor provided for this purpose in the prior art can therefore be dispensed with.
  • the calculation model is preferably based on a logistic regression between the process data and the actual pressure in the exhaust system.
  • logistic regression refers to regression analyzes for modeling the distribution of dependent discrete variables.
  • a statistical correlation is established between the determined process parameters and the resulting actual pressure in the exhaust air system. Accordingly, it is not necessary to measure the pressure in the exhaust system itself; Rather, this is determined indirectly from the other process parameters using the said calculation model.
  • the data of previously carried out processes stored in the calculation model are preferably supplemented and/or modified by currently determined process data. This procedure is known as “machine learning” in the field of artificial intelligence and therefore does not need to be described in more detail here.
  • the metallurgical vessel is in particular a converter (BOF - Basic Oxygen Furnace) or an electric arc furnace (EAF).
  • the previously common pressure measurement in the exhaust air system is replaced by a calculation model that is based on available process data;
  • other process parameters can also be taken into account.
  • Additional information for the pressure calculation is the size of the flame spot, which is captured by the camera looking at the converter mouth, and the amount of smoke emerging from the container, which is also determined from the camera images.
  • the proposed method thus provides optimal control of the gas flow of the process gas during steel production, in particular during the oxygen blowing phase, which is preferably used in the oxygen blowing furnace (BOF).
  • BOF oxygen blowing furnace
  • a computing model i.e. a computer in which a corresponding algorithm runs
  • this model can be adapted to historical data (i.e. to data determined in the past during processes carried out on this metallurgical plant) according to the machine learning method known per se.
  • the parameters of the computational model can be adjusted by iterative optimization of an objective function that describes the deviation of the model predictions from the actual pressure measurements.
  • the proposed method makes it possible to reduce the complexity of the gas flow system and its maintenance costs.
  • the decision to increase or decrease the gas flow rate (by appropriate stronger or weaker drive of the fans) is essentially based on knowledge of the pressure in the exhaust duct. Since pressure sensors in the exhaust air system are deliberately omitted due to the harsh environment, the invention provides for the pressure actually prevailing in the exhaust air system to be determined without measuring it directly, but rather via the calculation model mentioned.
  • the advantage is that the proposed approach can also increase exhaust gas recovery.
  • the steelmaking process in a blast furnace involves the release of large amounts of smoke, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO) and other gas components.
  • Insufficient exhaust gas intensity leads to an increase in the amount of smoke and CO.
  • the exhaust gas intensity is too high, CO is burned in the exhaust duct and thus a reduction in the energy value of the gas mixture.
  • the method proposed according to the invention optimizes the exhaust gas intensity and maximizes the CO yield.
  • FIG. 1 a metallurgical vessel is shown in the form of a BOF, above which an exhaust system (exhaust system) 2 is arranged in a known manner.
  • the production of steel from pig iron in vessel 1 occurs by oxidizing excess carbon and other impurities with oxygen O 2 blown through the molten pig iron.
  • the one required for this For this purpose, the oxygen blowing lance 11 is immersed in the interior of the vessel 1. This process releases large amounts of smoke, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO) and other gases.
  • the exhaust system 2 consisting of an apron 12 and an adjoining gas duct, is installed above the vessel 1 in order to clean and collect the flue gases.
  • the purified stored gas mixture is later used for energy recovery by converting CO into CO2 .
  • a gap 4 is formed between the top of the vessel 1 and the bottom of the exhaust system 2 and in particular the apron 12. The size of the gap is available as a measured value SP.
  • the concentration of carbon monoxide CO or carbon dioxide CO 2 can be measured via the measuring system 9.
  • the volume flow with which the oxygen O 2 is introduced into the raw steel via the blowing lance 11 can be determined via a measuring system 10.
  • the decision made by the pressure control device 15 to increase or decrease the gas throughput is based on the measurement of the actual pressure p Ist in the exhaust air system using a pressure sensor. This pressure is compared with the target pressure p target , which ensures a high CO concentration in the accumulated gas mixture and an acceptable amount of emitted dust and sludge. If the measured pressure is higher than the pressure setpoint, the fan performance is increased and vice versa.
  • the present invention provides a new method for controlling the gas flow, which replaces the direct pressure measurement with a calculation based on parameters of the steelmaking process and, if necessary, also visual data obtained with a camera 5 that monitors the flame Container neck observed. To capture optimal images of the flame or smoke, it can be illuminated with a lamp or with a laser 8. An image processing unit 6 evaluates the image captured by the camera 5.
  • the proposed concept relies on the use of a calculation model 3, which is fed with current process data (which, however, does not include the current actual pressure in the exhaust air system).
  • the actual pressure is determined and output by the calculation model 3 from this current data, as well as on the basis of previously determined and stored data.
  • a pressure calculation unit 7 in which the calculation model 3 is integrated, with image data BD, the size of the gap SP (distance between the container neck and the skirt), the concentration of carbon monoxide CO in the exhaust system, the concentration of carbon dioxide CO 2 in the exhaust air system and the volume flow of supplied oxygen O 2 is fed (see Figure 2 ), around The actual pressure p Ist is to be determined from this and output to the pressure control device 15.
  • the image processing unit 6 analyzes the images recorded by the camera 5 of the gap 4 between the converter mouth and the exhaust system (cooling shaft or skirt of the container) in order to record the size of the bright area generated by the flames.
  • the images are taken with a CMOS and/or infrared camera.
  • the light source 8 lamp; laser
  • the amount of smoke emerging from the container is determined from the images through absorption and/or reflection.
  • All of the above-mentioned process parameters, which are regularly measured during steel production, can be fed into the pressure calculation unit 7, which estimates the pressure p Act in the exhaust pipe.
  • the pressure calculated by the calculation model is used to adjust the exhaust gas intensity instead of direct pressure measurement and is fed to the pressure control device 15.
  • Insufficient exhaust intensity leads to an increase in the amount of smoke emerging between the mouth of the BOF converter and the inlet of the exhaust system (cooling chimney).
  • the amount of smoke not captured by the primary gas extraction is estimated based on the intensity of the image of the installed light source 8 (lamp, laser) or the intensity of the light emitted by the light source and reflected by the objects surrounding the converter. The value representing this intensity is used to calculate pressure in addition to the process parameters listed above.
  • a statistical model is used as the basis for calculating the pressure depending on the otherwise recorded process parameters, in particular logistic regression being used as a basis (see the comments above).
  • the pressure is calculated as follows, for example:
  • its mean value ie the mean value of the data obtained and stored so far
  • its result is divided by its standard deviation.
  • the mean and standard deviation of the parameter are therefore determined from historical data (i.e. data collected earlier in the process).
  • the initial value of the logistic function is the normalized actual pressure.
  • the normalized actual pressure is multiplied by the standard deviation of the pressure and added to the mean pressure value.
  • the mean and standard deviation of the pressure are again determined from historical data.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
EP23185250.0A 2022-08-02 2023-07-13 Procédé de fabrication d'acier dans un récipient métallurgique Pending EP4317466A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022207976.0A DE102022207976A1 (de) 2022-08-02 2022-08-02 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Stahl in einem metallurgischen Gefäß

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4317466A1 true EP4317466A1 (fr) 2024-02-07

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EP23185250.0A Pending EP4317466A1 (fr) 2022-08-02 2023-07-13 Procédé de fabrication d'acier dans un récipient métallurgique

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP4317466A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102022207976A1 (fr)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170335417A1 (en) 2014-11-07 2017-11-23 Sms Group Gmbh Method and apparatus for controlling the pressure in the exhaust gas duct of a converter
WO2020212782A1 (fr) 2019-04-15 2020-10-22 Arcelormittal Procédé de commande d'aspiration de produits de combustion pendant un processus d'élaboration d'acier

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170335417A1 (en) 2014-11-07 2017-11-23 Sms Group Gmbh Method and apparatus for controlling the pressure in the exhaust gas duct of a converter
WO2020212782A1 (fr) 2019-04-15 2020-10-22 Arcelormittal Procédé de commande d'aspiration de produits de combustion pendant un processus d'élaboration d'acier

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DE102022207976A1 (de) 2024-02-08

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