WO2020212782A1 - Procédé de commande d'aspiration de produits de combustion pendant un processus d'élaboration d'acier - Google Patents

Procédé de commande d'aspiration de produits de combustion pendant un processus d'élaboration d'acier Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2020212782A1
WO2020212782A1 PCT/IB2020/052919 IB2020052919W WO2020212782A1 WO 2020212782 A1 WO2020212782 A1 WO 2020212782A1 IB 2020052919 W IB2020052919 W IB 2020052919W WO 2020212782 A1 WO2020212782 A1 WO 2020212782A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure
fumes
flame
aspiration
representative
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2020/052919
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Gabriel Vergniez
Jean-Baptiste PIOT
Jean-François QUENTON
Grégory MAES
Original Assignee
Arcelormittal
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arcelormittal filed Critical Arcelormittal
Publication of WO2020212782A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020212782A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/38—Removal of waste gases or dust
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
    • F27D21/02—Observation or illuminating devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C2005/5288—Measuring or sampling devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C2300/00—Process aspects
    • C21C2300/06—Modeling of the process, e.g. for control purposes; CII
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/38—Removal of waste gases or dust
    • C21C5/40—Offtakes or separating apparatus for converter waste gases or dust
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4673—Measuring and sampling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F27D2019/0006—Monitoring the characteristics (composition, quantities, temperature, pressure) of at least one of the gases of the kiln atmosphere and using it as a controlling value
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F27D2019/0028—Regulation
    • F27D2019/0031—Regulation through control of the flow of the exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F27D2019/0028—Regulation
    • F27D2019/0068—Regulation involving a measured inflow of a particular gas in the enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F27D2019/0084—Controlling closure systems, e.g. doors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
    • F27D2021/0007—Monitoring the pressure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/122—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by capturing or storing CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention deals with a method to control exhaust fumes aspiration during a steelmaking process.
  • pig iron is poured into a ladle to be turned into steel, notably through decarburization. To do so oxygen is injected into the molten metal so that carbon contained in the pig iron reacts with O2 and form CO and CO2 in gaseous forms. This process thus generates a lot of fumes.
  • a converter is illustrated in figure 1 . It usually comprises a ladle 2 containing molten metal and is overtopped by a fumes extraction device 3 to capture those exhaust fumes. This extraction device 3 is movable so as to be removed not to block the ladle 2 tilting when material is charged into the ladle or molten steel is discharged.
  • This extraction device 3 comprises, on its end closest to the ladle, a skirt 4 which is used to reduce the gap 5 between the extraction device 3 and the lip 6 of the ladle, depending on the steelmaking process stage.
  • a big quantity of CO is formed which is explosive in atmosphere containing more than 6% of oxygen.
  • air There is so need for air to get in contact with CO so as to reduce the O2 content and let CO be turned in CO2 by reaction with oxygen.
  • the skirt 4 of the extraction device is moved away from the lip 6 of the ladle so the gap is large.
  • the skirt 4 is either close to the lip 6 and the gap 5 is for example of 10 cm, or it may be over the lip, so as to extract most of the fumes and avoid their release into the atmosphere. Once captured these fumes are generally cleaned to remove dust particles and their heat is reused in the plant.
  • the quantity of recovered fumes is notably linked to the aspiration performed by the extraction device.
  • Said aspiration may be controlled by aspiration means such as venturies, fans or shutters integrated into the fumes extraction device. If there is an over-aspiration the pressure inside the extraction device is high and it may damage the extraction device, it also implies that outside air enters the extraction device together with the fumes. This air being colder than the fumes it creates temperature variations which have a thermal impact on the equipment and reduces its lifetime. On the contrary in case of under-aspiration, fumes may escape from the aspiration and be released into the atmosphere which is detrimental for environment and they may damage the surrounding equipment such as cable cranes. Moreover, pressure fluctuations are detrimental to the lifetime of the extraction device and it’s necessary to keep the pressure of the extracted fumes as constant as possible.
  • this aspiration control via the shutters opening for example, is a human controlled device, which presents several disadvantages, such as the delay on shutters opening, security reasons etc. Besides,‘over-aspiration’ and‘under aspiration’ happen frequently in a steelmaking process with this human control, as results, both the performance of the process and the quantity of recovered fumes are not optimal.
  • Document US 201710335417 describes a method in which the defined pressure setpoint, which is a way to control the aspiration mean, is always accurately defined, whatever the age and state of wear of the converter. To do so the method described in this document provides a step of capturing an image of smoke and flames escaping from the top of the converter and the amount of smoke and flames detected is then sent to a pressure calculation unit and is used to correct an initially defined pressure setpoint.
  • the at least one value representative of the flame is at least one value representative of the flame size
  • the at least one value representative of the flame size takes into account the light intensity of the flame
  • the pressure representative of the pressure of the aspired fumes is the difference between the pressure of the aspired fumes and the atmospheric pressure.
  • the invention is also related to a device to control an exhaust fumes extraction device during a steelmaking process in a steelmaking ladle, said device comprising:
  • a processor able to calculate at least one value representative of the flame based on the at least one captured flame image
  • the device of the invention may also comprise the following optional characteristics considered separately or according to all possible technical combinations the steelmaking ladle is a converter,
  • the exhaust fumes extraction device has a skirt and the means to measure the pressure are located on said skirt
  • the steelmaking ladle is an electric arc furnace
  • the means to measure the pressure are located at the gap between the exhaust fumes extraction device and the electric arc furnace,
  • the camera is a camera in the visible spectrum
  • the camera is an IR camera.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a device for a steelmaking process according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a converter to perform a steelmaking process.
  • a converter is a specific example of a device to perform a steelmaking process but the invention may be applied to any appropriate device to perform a steelmaking process, such as an AOD or an Electric Arc Furnace.
  • the term steelmaking vessel is used to encompass any suitable equipment allowing to perform a steelmaking process, such as notably a ladle.
  • the ladle 2 is overtopped by a fumes extraction device 3 comprising a tube 9 through which fumes are aspired and then circulated into a cleaning unit (not represented). Aspiration within the tube 9 is controlled by control means such as shutters 7A, 7B, fan 8 or venturies (not represented).
  • the extraction device 3 also comprises a skirt 4 on the side directed to the lip 6 of the converter, i.e. towards the top of the ladle 2.
  • the skirt 4 is movable and forms a gap 5, whose height may vary depending on the process stage, with the ladle lip 6. Flames 10 are formed by the reactions occurring within the ladle and they can either be visible within the gap 5 or escape from this gap, as illustrated in figure 1.
  • at least one camera 1 1 is positioned so as to be able to capture at least one image of said flame.
  • the camera may be a camera in the visible spectrum or an Infrared camera, either near (wavelength 0,75-1 ,4 pm) or long IR (8-15pm).
  • the captured flame image is then sent to a processor 12, which is able to calculate at least one value representative of the flame, based on the at least one captured flame image.
  • This value maybe for example a number of pixels occupied by the flame image within a given frame, a height, a width or an intensity of the flame. In a preferred embodiment this value is the number of pixels in a given frame, expressed in percent, multiplied by the percentage of the captured image which is saturated.
  • An example of captured image is illustrated in figure 2.
  • the filling rate of the flame in the white frame is of 28% and the saturation rate, which corresponds to the percentage of white flame is of 14.5%, which gives a representative value Vf of the flame of 17.
  • This representative value Vf is sent to a controller 14 which combines it with a pressure representative of the pressure of the aspired fumes V p .
  • This pressure is measured by pressure sensors 13 which may be located for example in the skirt 4. Either directly the measured pressure, or the difference between this measured pressure and the atmospheric pressure, may be used by the controller 14 in combination with the representative Vf value of the flame. This pressure may also be an average value of previous measurement.
  • an average value of the difference between measured pressure at skirt level and the atmospheric pressure has been used in the example of figure 2, which represents a value V p of 5 Pascal (Pa).
  • the controller is able to detect an over or an under-aspiration and then to control the aspiration means accordingly. This can be done, for example, by comparing those two values or their combination with threshold values. For example, in case of over-aspiration the shutters 7A, 7B may be shut down and/or the fan power reduced. On the opposite, in case of under aspiration, the shutters may be opened and/or the fan power increased.
  • the controller 14 and the processor 12 may be two distinct devices but could also be one single device able to perform all previously mentioned actions related to those two devices.
  • the processor 12, the camera 11 , the controller 14, the pressure sensors 13, the aspiration means 7A, 7B, 8 may be either physically connected to one another or signals may be sent wirelessly from one device to another.
  • Vs AV P + BVf
  • a and B are calibration coefficients which may vary from one installation to another.
  • A is equal to 0.4 and B to 0.6, which gives a signal value Vs of 12eqPa (this unit means equivalent Pascal).
  • the set point of the aspiration control means was set at a pressure of 7Pa and so it means there is an over-aspiration and shutters must be opened to reduce aspiration. In this specific example shutters were used as control means but any other suitable control means could have been used.
  • T rials were done on a steelmaking process performed with a converter as the one illustrated in figure 1.
  • One camera 1 1 in the visible spectrum was positioned on the roof of the operator desk and turned towards the gap 5 between the ladle and the skirt.
  • the aspiration control was done at the shutters level.
  • the steelmaking process was performed in a classical way, and during this process a 1 st part of the aspiration control was performed manually, as in prior art, and a 2 nd part with a method according to the invention.
  • Several parameters were measured, the volume of captured fumes, their nitrogen N2 content and the NCV of the gas after cleaning.
  • the NCV is the Net Calorific Value and represents the quantity of heat released by the combustion of 1 kg of considered product under standardized conditions. Higher the NCV is, more energy is produced by the considered product. Results are illustrated in table 1.
  • N2 percentage is first reduced and then remains stable during a period which corresponds to a process window of high decarburization. It means that the system is more stable and there are less unwilling air entries. This implies less wear of the device and an increased lifetime.
  • the method and the device according to the invention allow to reduce the environmental impact of the steelmaking process and to increase the lifetime of the fumes extraction device.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de commande d'aspiration de produits de combustion pendant un processus d'élaboration d'acier dans une cuve de production d'acier, le procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes consistant à : - capturer au moins une image de flammes s'échappant de la partie supérieure de la cuve d'élaboration d'acier, - calculer au moins une valeur représentant la taille et/ou l'intensité de la flamme sur la base de ladite au moins une image de flammes capturée, - mesurer une pression représentant la pression des fumées aspirées, - commander l'aspiration des fumées sur la base de ladite valeur représentant la flamme et de la pression mesurée.
PCT/IB2020/052919 2019-04-15 2020-03-27 Procédé de commande d'aspiration de produits de combustion pendant un processus d'élaboration d'acier WO2020212782A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IBPCT/IB2019/053079 2019-04-15
PCT/IB2019/053079 WO2020212727A1 (fr) 2019-04-15 2019-04-15 Procédé de commande d'aspiration de fumées d'échappement pendant un processus d'élaboration d'acier

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020212782A1 true WO2020212782A1 (fr) 2020-10-22

Family

ID=66641186

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2019/053079 WO2020212727A1 (fr) 2019-04-15 2019-04-15 Procédé de commande d'aspiration de fumées d'échappement pendant un processus d'élaboration d'acier
PCT/IB2020/052919 WO2020212782A1 (fr) 2019-04-15 2020-03-27 Procédé de commande d'aspiration de produits de combustion pendant un processus d'élaboration d'acier

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2019/053079 WO2020212727A1 (fr) 2019-04-15 2019-04-15 Procédé de commande d'aspiration de fumées d'échappement pendant un processus d'élaboration d'acier

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3956482A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112021018781A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA3133389A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2021012622A (fr)
UA (1) UA127824C2 (fr)
WO (2) WO2020212727A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA202106562B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4317466A1 (fr) 2022-08-02 2024-02-07 SMS Group GmbH Procédé de fabrication d'acier dans un récipient métallurgique

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01165712A (ja) * 1987-12-21 1989-06-29 Nippon Steel Corp 転炉の排ガス回収制御方法
US8565282B2 (en) * 2009-02-13 2013-10-22 Nucor Corporation Furnace damper control system and method
US20170335417A1 (en) 2014-11-07 2017-11-23 Sms Group Gmbh Method and apparatus for controlling the pressure in the exhaust gas duct of a converter
WO2019004157A1 (fr) * 2017-06-30 2019-01-03 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 Procédé de surveillance de fonctionnement de convertisseur et procédé de fonctionnement de convertisseur

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01165712A (ja) * 1987-12-21 1989-06-29 Nippon Steel Corp 転炉の排ガス回収制御方法
US8565282B2 (en) * 2009-02-13 2013-10-22 Nucor Corporation Furnace damper control system and method
US20170335417A1 (en) 2014-11-07 2017-11-23 Sms Group Gmbh Method and apparatus for controlling the pressure in the exhaust gas duct of a converter
WO2019004157A1 (fr) * 2017-06-30 2019-01-03 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 Procédé de surveillance de fonctionnement de convertisseur et procédé de fonctionnement de convertisseur

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4317466A1 (fr) 2022-08-02 2024-02-07 SMS Group GmbH Procédé de fabrication d'acier dans un récipient métallurgique
DE102022207976A1 (de) 2022-08-02 2024-02-08 Sms Group Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Stahl in einem metallurgischen Gefäß

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2020212727A1 (fr) 2020-10-22
CA3133389A1 (fr) 2020-10-22
ZA202106562B (en) 2022-06-29
BR112021018781A2 (pt) 2021-11-23
MX2021012622A (es) 2021-11-12
EP3956482A1 (fr) 2022-02-23
UA127824C2 (uk) 2024-01-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6748004B2 (en) Methods and apparatus for improved energy efficient control of an electric arc furnace fume extraction system
CN102906281B (zh) 用于在顶吹方法情况下确定点火时刻的方法
JP7088439B1 (ja) 転炉の操業方法及び転炉の吹錬制御システム
CN104962680B (zh) 一种转炉干法除尘泄爆控制方法
CN106645266A (zh) 一种高温熔渣基础性能测试方法、装置及装置的使用方法
US9557112B2 (en) Furnace damper control system
WO2020212782A1 (fr) Procédé de commande d'aspiration de produits de combustion pendant un processus d'élaboration d'acier
TWI739364B (zh) 轉爐之噴濺預測方法、轉爐之作業方法及轉爐之噴濺預測系統
JP6164173B2 (ja) 転炉排出流判定装置、転炉排出流判定方法、溶銑予備処理方法、及び転炉予備処理の操業方法
CN106795573B (zh) 用于确定氧气吹炼过程中的点火时间点的方法和设备
CN111344420A (zh) 高炉的鼓风控制装置及其方法
CN109750133B (zh) 一种基于建模的蒸发冷却器喷水量控制方法及装置
WO2000050863A1 (fr) Capteur a fibres optiques et procede de determination du contenu en carbone dans de l'acier en fusion dans un convertisseur basique
US20170335417A1 (en) Method and apparatus for controlling the pressure in the exhaust gas duct of a converter
CN115558739A (zh) 烟气净化方法和烟气净化系统
JP2001181727A (ja) 電気炉の炉内状況監視方法
KR102572097B1 (ko) 노 연소 제어를 위한 화염 이미지 분석
JP2709557B2 (ja) 転炉排ガス組成監視による危険回避方法
JP2905026B2 (ja) 転炉の着火検出方法
JPH0434610B2 (fr)
US9162785B2 (en) Method and nozzle for suppressing the generation of iron-containing vapor
JPS6310204B2 (fr)
Ayres et al. Measurement of thickness of oxygen lance skull in LD converters using artificial vision
CN103842526B (zh) 用于影响在冶金的容器中的、反应气体的生成的方法和装置
JP2023103049A (ja) 転炉の吹錬制御方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 20716117

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 20716117

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1