EP2543794B1 - Residential body assembly - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The present invention relates to a residential building arrangement for a longitudinally and in the width direction extending property with at least one otherwise in the width direction raster repetitive substantially parallel Baukörpereinrichtung / s, each building means having a separate first house unit and a separate second house unit, the first and second house unit offset in the longitudinal direction are arranged directly adjacent to each other, the first house unit has a lower floor (ground floor) and an upper floor located above (upper floor), the second house unit has a lower floor (upper floor) and an upper floor located above (attic) in that the upper floor of the first house unit is arranged at the same level as the lower floor of the second house unit, below the second house unit is a garage unit, a transfer unit for the W ohnbaukörperanordnung is present, within which the connection to the coming from outside supply and disposal lines, in particular for electricity, telecommunications equipment, gas, water, via appropriate measuring units, and at least one access road running with supply and disposal lines of the transfer unit substantially in the width direction to which the individual building units of the building equipment are connected and disposed of with the interposition of measuring and distribution units.

STATE OF THE ART

In the acquisition of residential buildings, the land costs, especially in the urban area, represent a significant proportion. Therefore, the planners are anxious to use the land as much as possible in the context of the legally defined development plan, that is to accommodate as many units on a property, for example to provide for a young family priced house units affordable, especially in the city area.

For instance, in the area of multi-storey housing construction, land use values in inner city areas are permissible in dense buildings in the form: 0.4 / 1.2, ie 40% (percent) of the property is overbuilt and 120% of the property area is available as a floor space , This often led to the well-known multi-storey housing construction, which meets with little interest due to its dreary and anonymous character among prospective buyers and apartment buyers. The necessary parking spaces are usually only available in underground garages.

Preference is given, in particular of young families, residential building arrangements, which are known as terraced or semi-detached. However, this development does not allow the use of the land with the high land use values in the inner-city area that are permissible with regard to the development plan. Therefore, such designs in the urban area are not economically feasible.

In the US 4,118,905 A is a Wohnbaukörperanordnung a known type described. It is a multi-storey apartment building composed of similar room cells and accessed via common staircases. The technical supply and disposal takes place similarly as in commercial construction projects in designated blankets. For this type of housing arrangement, no real division is possible, that is, the respective apartment owners acquire a co-ownership of the entire residential building arrangement, since the building as such Stacked up (multi-storey housing construction). The housing elements prefabricated as room cells are arranged directly next to each other and directly above one another, some with a certain offset.

In the GB 1 246 178 A describes a system for the technical supply and disposal of stacked projectile elements, using installation cells specially developed for a high-prefabrication building system.

The US 3,750,354 A discloses a residential building arrangement apparatus having a development and supply and disposal system developed especially for multi-storey housing. In this case, a so-called split-level system is used with differently staggered residential units and integrated garages.

In the DE 27 26 303 A a building system with a high degree of prefabrication is described in the technical installation for the specific use of space and its installation characteristics. This type of supply and disposal is mainly used in commercial construction, in school and administrative buildings. In this case, a variety of prefabricated installation elements is used.

The DE 36 23 798 A reveals refurbished or modernized residential buildings with several or many apartments. Each apartment is designed in terms of supply and disposal and thermal insulation measures as a separate unit as a detached house and beyond the individual rooms of the apartment are variable in terms of heat supply and insulation, ventilation.

In the EP 1 063 369 B1 is a residential building arrangement of the type mentioned above. This residential building arrangement allows a high utilization of the land use values for the multi-storey housing construction in the inner city area. It corresponds to the type of development of a semi-detached house and can be built within economically acceptable limits. In addition, this Wohnbaukörperanordnung ensures a good quality of living.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

Based on the cited prior art, the present invention, the object or the technical problem of specifying a residential building arrangement for a plot that allows the highest possible utilization of land use values for multi-storey housing in the inner city area in the context of dense development, based on the usual bullet construction is to be dispensed with and exploiting the land use value to create an arrangement that corresponds to the type of housing development of a semi-detached housing and can be built within economically acceptable limits and therefore individual units a high price-performance ratio. The present invention is further the task or the technical problem underlying the EP 1 063 369 B1 to further optimize known housing construction arrangement with respect to the energy balance, the user comfort and the construction costs, the housing assembly should be easily implemented within the usual land sizes for such a development.

The housing structure according to the invention is given by the features of independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and further developments are the subject of claims dependent directly or indirectly from the independent claim 1.

The residential building arrangement according to the invention is accordingly characterized in that the building facilities directly adjoin one another in the width direction, between the garage unit and the first house unit a staircase floor unit is arranged with a first staircase and a second staircase, under the first house unit a first basement accessible via the first basement is arranged under the stairwell floor unit a second basement, within which the development road in the width direction continuously with separate connections for the house units is, on the staircase floor unit, the second basement floor on the second staircase and the lower floor of the second house unit via the first staircase is accessible, the width of the garage unit is less than the width of the building structure and left and right of the garage unit access to the first Domestic unit or the access to the staircase Geschosseinheit / second house unit is arranged, and the development of the respective floors of the first house unit / second house unit via existing within the house units stairs u nd the stairs of the second house unit above the first staircase and the stairs of the first house unit are arranged in parallel adjacent to the stairs of the second house unit.

Preferably, the outer dimensions of the structural body in the longitudinal direction L and in the width direction B in the range between 10 to 15 meters, in particular between 11 to 13 meters.

By reducing the overall depth (longitudinal direction L) compared to the building equipment from EP 1 063 369 B1 can the housing structure according to the invention easily implement in zoning plans with conventional land size. It is normal construction depths from development plans for terraced houses and semi-detached houses or for the storey usable, so that no exemptions or changes to the stipulations of the development plan are necessary.

The direct juxtaposition of building structures in conjunction with the integrated stairwell floor unit allows a very compact design implement. The order the access road in the second basement level allows a warm room-like development from the basement to the attic of the individual building facilities. As a result, the development road is easily accessible for maintenance and repair work.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the residential building arrangement according to the invention is characterized in that the side facing away from the second basement floor of the first basement floor opens at least partially into an atrium. The arrangement of atria provides for a better exposure and a building law recognition as lounges as well as for the use of passive heat, as there is no self-shadowing as in the prior art.

A preferred embodiment of the residential building arrangement according to the invention is characterized in that the ceiling of the upper floor of the first house unit forms a basis for a roof terrace / garden for the second house unit. By this measure, a compact design can be further optimized.

A particularly preferred embodiment, which makes it possible to improve the use of solar heat generation, is characterized in that the side of the upper floor of the second house unit facing the first house unit has a glass front and / or in that the side of the lower floor facing away from the garage unit first house unit has a glass front.

An advantageous development is characterized in that the outside of the garage unit facing away from the lower floor of the first house unit at least partially connects a terrace outside. As a result, the user of the first house unit is provided with an open space, which significantly increases the comfort of use.

With the housing structure according to the invention are compared to the prior art, in particular the

• Durch die Reduzierung der Bautiefe (Längsrichtung L) sind die üblichen, normalen Baufeldtiefen aus Bebauungsplänen für Reihenhäuser und Doppelhäuser beziehungsweise für den Geschosswohnbau nutzbar, so dass keine Befreiung von den Festsetzungen des Bebauungsplans notwendig sind und auch keine Änderungen des Bebauungsplanes. Dadurch wird die wirtschaftliche Einsatzmöglichkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Wohnbaukörperanordnung merklich erhöht, zumal sich die Grundstücksbeschaffung deutlich vereinfacht. Die erfindungsgemäße Wohnbaukörperanordnung hat auch eine Reduzierung des Energieverbrauchs für die Beheizung des Gebäudes zur Folge. Durch die Reduzierung der beheizten Gebäudehüllfläche ergibt sich eine Reduzierung der Transmissionswärmeverluste über die Gebäudehülle in merklichem Umfang. Durch größere Glasflächen beziehungsweise Wandflächen auf der Südseite wird eine deutliche Verbesserung der Nutzung solarer Wärmegewinnung ermöglicht. Die Verlegung der Energietrasse in eine gedämmte Hülle (zweites Kellergeschoss) bringt geringere Wärmeverluste mit sich und führt zu einer Kosteneinsparung, da einfaches Material und einfache Verlegesysteme mit ständigem Zugang für Kontroll- und Reparaturarbeiten einsetzbar sind. Zudem sind keine teuren Erdleitungen notwendig. Die Verlegung des Lichthofes auf Höhe des ersten Kellergeschosses der ersten Hauseinheit und damit bevorzugt auf die Südseite, führt zu einer besseren Belichtung und zu einer baurechtlichen Anerkennung als Aufenthaltsräume sowie zu einer Nutzung passiver Wärmegewinnung (keine Eigenverschattung).

Residential building arrangement according to EP 1 063 369 B1 achieves the following advantages:

• By reducing the overall depth (longitudinal direction L), the usual, normal construction field depths from development plans for terraced houses and semi-detached houses or for the flats are usable, so that no exemption from the stipulations of the development plan are necessary and no changes to the development plan. As a result, the economic feasibility of Wohnbaukörperanordnung invention is significantly increased, especially as the land acquisition significantly simplified. The residential building arrangement according to the invention also results in a reduction of the energy consumption for the heating of the building. By reducing the heated building envelope area, there is a considerable reduction in the transmission heat losses over the building envelope. By larger glass surfaces or wall surfaces on the south side, a significant improvement in the use of solar heat recovery is possible. Laying the energy path in an insulated shell (second basement level) results in lower heat losses and leads to cost savings, as simple material and simple installation systems with constant access for inspection and repair work can be used. In addition, no expensive ground wires are necessary. The laying of the atrium at the level of the first basement level of the first house unit and thus preferably on the south side, leads to a better exposure and a building law recognition as lounges as well as to the use of passive heat production (no self-shadowing).

Due to the compact design, the reduction of the envelope surfaces and a simple static systems (no projection or superstructures) over the prior art, a reduction in construction costs is achieved.

In an advantageous manner, the ownership can be regulated either in real division or as a homeowner community.

Overall, a significant improvement in the energy balance, the comfort of living and the building law implementation options can be achieved. Thanks to the significant reduction in energy consumption and thus CO ₂ emissions, a significant reduction in heating costs can be achieved. Even further tightening of the EnEV (Energy Saving Ordinance) can be implemented easily and economically thanks to its compact design.

Further embodiments and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the features further listed in the claims as well as by the embodiments given below. The features of the claims may be combined in any manner as far as they are not obviously mutually exclusive.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

Fig. 1 a), b), c), d)

schematische Draufsicht auf eine Wohnbaukörperanordnung mit einer Baukörpereinrichtung mit einer ersten und einer zweiten Hauseinheit (Fig. 1 a), mit zwei, drei und vier unmittelbar in Breitenrichtung nebeneinander angeordneten Baukörpereinrichtungen (Fig. 1 b), c), d),

Fig. 2

schematische Perspektivdarstellung einer Wohnbaukörperanordnung mit zwei unmittelbar nebeneinander angeordneten Baukörpereinrichtungen mit jeweils einer ersten und einer zweiten Hauseinheit,

Fig. 3

schematischer Schnitt in einer Draufsicht gesehen durch das Untergeschoss der Wohnbaukörperanordnung gemäß Fig. 2,

Fig. 4

schematischer Schnitt in einer Draufsicht gesehen durch das Erdgeschoss der Wohnbaukörperanordnung gemäß Fig. 2,

Fig. 5

schematischer Schnitt in einer Draufsicht gesehen durch das Obergeschoss der Wohnbaukörperanordnung gemäß Fig. 2,

Fig. 6

schematischer Schnitt in einer Draufsicht gesehen durch das Dachgeschoss der Wohnbaukörperanordnung gemäß Fig. 2, und

Fig. 7

schematischer Schnitt durch die Wohnbaukörperanordnung gemäß Fig. 4 in Schnittrichtung A-A.

The invention and advantageous embodiments and developments thereof are described in more detail below with reference to the examples shown in the drawing and explained. The features to be taken from the description and the drawing can be applied individually according to the invention or to a plurality of them in any desired combination. Show it:

1 a), b), c), d)

schematic plan view of a residential building arrangement with a building structure device with a first and a second house unit ( Fig. 1 a) , with two, three and four immediately adjacent in the width direction adjacent building structures ( Fig. 1 b), c), d) .

Fig. 2

schematic perspective view of a residential building arrangement with two directly adjacent building structures each having a first and a second house unit,

Fig. 3

schematic sectional view in a plan view seen through the basement of the housing structure according to Fig. 2 .

Fig. 4

schematic sectional view in a plan view seen through the ground floor of the housing structure arrangement according to Fig. 2 .

Fig. 5

schematic sectional view in a plan view seen through the upper floor of the residential building arrangement according to Fig. 2 .

Fig. 6

schematic sectional view in a plan view seen through the attic of the residential building arrangement according to Fig. 2 , and

Fig. 7

schematic section through the residential building arrangement according to Fig. 4 in the cutting direction AA.

WAYS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

In the Fig. 1 a) to d) is a housing assembly 10 is shown schematically in a plan view, which differs in the number of the respective building facilities 12.1 to 12.4 in number. In Fig. 1 a) is a structural body device 12.1 shown. In Fig. 1 b) are two in the width direction B immediately adjacent to each other, adjacent, parallel arranged building structures 12.1, 12.2 shown. Fig. 1 c) shows three directly juxtaposed building structures 12.1 to 12.3 and Fig. 1 d) shows four immediately adjacent building structures 12.1 to 12.4.

In Fig. 1 d) In addition, a transfer unit 28 is shown schematically, which communicates with the public grid 60 in communication and is located in a basement room. From this transfer unit 28 is an access road 30 from which opens the individual building facilities 12.1 to 12.4 in the width direction B, each per building body device 12.1 to 12.4 a transfer unit 48 is present, each of the first house unit 14 and the second house unit 20 of the building facilities 12.1 connected to 12.4 by connection.

An embodiment of a housing assembly 10 according to the invention is in the Fig. 2 to 7 exemplified. The housing construction arrangement 10 has two building structure devices 12.1, 12.2 arranged directly next to one another and in parallel, which are designed essentially identically in their construction.

The structure of a building body device 12.1, 12.2 is based on Fig. 7 in conjunction with the Fig. 2 to 6 described below.

In the Fig. 7 arranged in the left area first house unit 14 has substantially flush with the surface of the property 50, a lower floor 16 (ground floor), above which an upper floor 18 (upper floor) is arranged. The second house unit 20 is offset in the longitudinal direction L immediately following the first house unit 14. At the same time, the second house unit 20 is offset in height from the first house unit 14. The second house unit 20 has a lower floor 22 (upper floor) which is arranged at the same height as the upper floor 18 of the first house unit 14. Above the lower floor 22 of the second house unit 20, an upper floor 24 (attic storey) is arranged.

The ceiling of the upper floor 18 of the first house unit 14 forms a roof terrace 36 for the second house unit 20, which connects to the upper floor 24 of the second house unit 20. On the roof terrace 36 side facing the upper floor 24th (Attic) of the second house unit is a glass front 46 is arranged.

Below the lower floor 22 of the second house unit 20 is spaced from the first house unit 14 each have a garage unit 26 is arranged.

In the area between the garage unit 26 and the first house unit 14 and the lower floor 16, a staircase storey unit 34 is arranged.

Below the lower floor 16 of the first house unit 14, a first basement floor 40 is arranged, which is accessed from the lower floor 16 of the first house unit 14.

Below the staircase storey unit 34, a second basement floor 42 is present, which is accessed from the staircase floor unit 34 and within which the access road 30 in the width direction B, that is perpendicular to the sheet of Fig. 7 runs continuously.

In the Fig. 7 left-facing outside of the lower floor 16 of the first house unit 14 has a floor-to-ceiling glass front 44. The glass front 44 of the first house unit 14 and the ground-deep glass front 46 of the second house unit 20 are preferably oriented to the south.

The first basement 40 of the first house unit 14 opens into the Fig. 7 left area in an atrium 32, which is at least partially present in the width direction B, so that the rooms of the first basement 40 can be acted upon by daylight.

In Fig. 2 It can be seen that in each case at each first house unit 14, an atrium 32 is present in each case in the edge area in the area of the first basement level 40, and an atrium 32 is present between the atrium areas 32 Terrace 38 is arranged, which is accessible from the lower floor 16 of the first house unit 14 ago.

The access to the first house unit 14 and the second house unit 20 is particularly in the Fig. 4 shown. The garage unit 26 has a reduced width in the width direction B relative to the building structure device 12 so that space remains on the right and left of the garage unit 26 in order to provide access to the first and second house units 14, 20. The first house unit 14 is at ground floor level through an access Z1, which in Fig. 4 right next to the garage unit, opened. The access to the second house unit 20 via the in Fig. 4 arranged to the left of the garage unit 26 access Z2, which leads first into the staircase Geschosseinheit 34, of which a staircase up to the entrance to the second house unit 20 and a downstairs for access to the second basement floor 42 is present (first stair 52 and second Stairs 54).

The development of the respective floors within the first house unit 14 and the second house unit 20 (ground floor, first floor, attic) via existing within the house units 14, 20 existing stairs.

As in Fig. 1 d) shown, the connection of all structural body devices 12 via a continuous development road 30, which ensures the supply and disposal. On the part of the public supply network, only one transfer unit 28 has to be provided for the entire housing construction 10. The connection of the respective house units 14, 20 via separate transfer units 48, so that not every house unit must be connected separately to the public supply network, but is equipped within the residential building arrangement on the development road with separate supply and disposal units per house unit.

A calculation of the annual consumption or the saving in terms of energy costs due to an EnEV (Energy Savings Ordinance) calculation resulted in comparison to a housing arrangement according to EP 1 063 369 B1 with a corresponding building useful area and corresponding building volume an under-consumption of the residential building arrangement of a house unit of about 3500 kwh / a according to the invention. When using a gas condensing boiler, this results in a CO ₂ emission of 0.26 kg / kwh. This means a CO ₂ saving per year of the order of about 900 kg.

The residential building arrangement according to the invention with its structural devices and the illustrated first and second house units allows a significant improvement of the energy balance and an increase in living comfort. Due to the compact design, reduction of the envelope surfaces and the simple static system, the construction costs can be reduced. Due to the possible construction depths of preferably 11 to 13 meters, the residential building arrangement according to the invention can be used without problems even with normal construction depths of development plans for terraced houses and semi-detached houses or for the storey without exemptions or changes to the development plan are necessary.

Claims (8)

1. Residential body assembly (10) for a plot (50) extending in a longitudinal direction (L) and in a width direction (B), having

   - at least one residential unit (12) otherwise repeating in a grid pattern in the width direction (B) and arranged substantially in parallel,

   - where each residential unit (12) has a separate first house unit (14) and a separate second house unit (20),

   - the first and second house unit (14; 20) are arranged to be offset directly adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction (L),

   - the first house unit (14) has a lower floor, i.e. a ground floor (16), and an upper floor, i.e. a first floor (18), located above the same,

   - the second house unit (20) has a lower floor, i.e. a first floor (22), and an upper floor, i.e. top floor (24), located above the same,

   - the upper floor (18) of the first house unit (14) is arranged at the same level as the lower floor (22) of the second house unit (20),

   - a garage unit (26) is arranged underneath the second house unit (20),

   - there is a transfer unit (28) for the residential body assembly (10), within which the connection to the supply and disposal lines coming from outside, in particular for power, telecommunication devices, gas, water, is made via appropriate measuring units, and

   - from the transfer unit (28) there originates at least one access route (30) having supply and disposal lines extending substantially in the width direction (B), to which the individual house units (14; 20) of the residential units (12) are connected for supply and disposal with the interposition of measuring and distribution units,

   - characterized in that

   - the residential units (12.1, 12.2) adjoin one another directly in the width direction (B),

   - between the garage unit (26) and the first house unit (14) there is arranged a stairwell unit (34) having a first staircase (52) and a second staircase (54),

   - under the first house unit (14) there is arranged a first basement floor (40) accessible via the first house unit (14),

   - under the stairwell unit (34) there is arranged a second basement floor (42), within which the access route (30) passing through in the width direction (B) is led, with respectively separate connections for the house units (14; 20),

   - where

   - ▪ via the stairwell unit (34), the second basement floor (42) is accessible via the second staircase (54) and the lower floor (22) of the second house unit (20) is accessible via the first staircase (52),

   - ▪ the width of the garage unit (26) is less than the width of the residential unit (12.1, 12.2) and, to the left and right beside the garage unit (26), there are arranged the access (Z1) to the first house unit (14) and the access (Z2) to the stairwell unit (34)/second house unit (20), and

   - ▪ access to the respective floors of the first house unit (14)/second house unit (20) is made via staircases present within the house units (14, 20), and the staircases of the second house unit (20) are arranged above the first staircase (52), and the staircases of the first house unit (14) are arranged parallel and adjacent to the staircases of the second house unit (20).
2. Residential body assembly according to Claim 1,

   - characterized in that

   - the external dimensions of the residential units in the longitudinal direction (L) lie in the range between 10 and 15 m (metres) in particular 11 to 13 m (metres).
3. Residential body assembly according to Claim 1 or 2,

   - characterized in that

   - the external dimensions of the residential units in the width direction (B) lie in the range between 10 and 15 m (metres), in particular 11 to 13 m (metres).
4. Residential body assembly according to one or more of the preceding claims,

   - characterized in that

   - at least some areas of the side of the first basement floor (40) that faces away from the second basement floor (42) open into a light well (32).
5. Residential body assembly according to one or more of the preceding claims,

   - characterized in that

   - the ceiling of the upper floor (18) of the first house unit (14) forms a base for a roof terrace/garden (36) for the second house unit (20).
6. Residential body assembly according to one or more of the preceding claims,

   - characterized in that

   - the side of the upper floor (24) of the second house unit (20) that faces the first house unit (14) has a glass front.
7. Residential body assembly according to one or more of the preceding claims,

   - characterized in that

   - the side of the lower floor (16) of the first house unit (14) that faces away from the garage unit (26) has a glass front.
8. Residential body assembly according to one or more of the preceding claims,

   - characterized in that

   - at least in some areas, a terrace (38) adjoins the side of the lower floor (16) of the first house unit (14) that faces away from the garage unit (26) on the outside.

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