Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
  • F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B7/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
  • F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
  • F25B2313/0315—Temperature sensors near the outdoor heat exchanger
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
  • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
  • Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
  • Y02A40/963—Off-grid food refrigeration
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
  • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an installation and a thermal process for upgrading the low temperature thermal energy, dissipated in particular by absorption chilled water production units often integrated in multigeneration systems.
• multigeneration system means facilities that allow the simultaneous production of several energies, by using the heat produced by the production of electricity.
• trigeneration allows the simultaneous generation of electricity, heat and cold, which greatly increases the efficiency on the primary energy.
• low temperature thermal energy is meant the thermal energy recovered mainly on circuits (for example oil or water) whose temperature is less than 95 ° C.
• Recoverable thermal energy on driving machines, typically motor or turbine have different temperature levels.
• the exhaust gas has a temperature of around 450 ° C
• the oil is at about 100 ° C
• the water at 90 ° C
• the heat radiated at 45 ° C.
• the thermal energy downstream of an absorption group is generally 32 ° C.
• absorption chilled water units are used according to the installation of Figure 1 attached in the appendices.
• the heat introduced into the cold absorption group (7) is either directly produced heat
• Absorption chilled water production units are often integrated in power generation plants (turbines or reciprocating gas or diesel engines), or in cogeneration or trigeneration plants.
• the installations of this type are regulated by PLCs that use the heat available in the various circuits, complement it if necessary, and control the evacuation of excess heat if the circuits can not absorb all the thermal energy produced. by turbines or engines.
• the present invention seeks to enhance the low temperature energy absorption chilled water groups integrated in multi-generation systems.
• an energy recovery facility comprising at least one chilled water production absorption group and a heat pump.
• the absorption group producing chilled water has at least:
• an ice-water production circuit capable of being connected to a storage or consumption element
• a low temperature thermal energy evacuation circuit having an input to the absorption group and an output of the absorption group.
• the heat pump whose power is adjustable according to the needs, has at least: a fluid circuit for supplying the heat pump with heat energy, having an input into the heat pump and an output of the heat pump,
• the specificity of the installation lies in the fact that the input of the supply circuit of the heat pump is connected to the outlet of the exhaust circuit of the absorption group in order to transfer at least a portion of the low temperature thermal energy from the evacuation circuit to the hot water production circuit.
• a heat pump generally consists of an evaporator, a compressor driven by an electric motor, a condenser, and a pressure reducer.
• a heat pump is a mechanical pump, which clearly differentiates it from an absorption group that functions chemically, thanks to an absorber, a concentrator, an evaporator, and a condenser.
• the heat pump is used on the evaporator side (ie on the heat pump supply circuit side) to absorb the low temperature heat of the chilled water unit, and , on the condenser side (ie on the heat pump's hot water production circuit side), to restore this heat to a higher temperature level.
• the overall efficiency of the system is increased since the heat removed from the absorption group is used instead of simply being dissipated.
• the installation further comprises temperature control means, electrical power, thermal, and the level of the different fluids required. They measure the temperature at different points of the circuits as well as the electrical power, thermal, and levels, so as to minimize the temperature differences between the inlet of the heat pump supply circuit and the production circuit of the heat pump. hot water, to maximize the coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump.
• COP coefficient of performance
• the hot water production circuit of the heat pump (ie condenser side) is connected to at least one other heat generating circuit, in order to reach a predetermined minimum temperature. to use this energy in at least one other thermal energy consumer circuit, while maintaining the highest possible coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump.
• COP coefficient of performance
• the output of the supply circuit of the heat pump is connected to the inlet of the evacuation circuit in the absorption group.
• the temperature difference between the outlet of the absorption group of the absorption group and the inlet of the discharge circuit in the absorption group is less than 5 ° C, preferably of the order of 4 ° C according to the recommendations.
• the chilled water production circuit of the absorption unit is connected to an air conditioning system, and moreover, the hot water production circuit of the heat pump supplies a desalination unit. 'sea water.
• the present invention further comprises a method of upgrading an installation as defined above.
• the regulation means :
• control means compare the measurements of the thermal parameters of the system with the pre-recorded curves of thermal consumptions (hourly, daily, etc.), and the state of the consumer circuits allows, at any time, to use the totality of available heat by early switching of energy in the different circuits.
• Such a method makes it possible in particular to maximize the recovery of the available thermal energy in the low temperature thermal energy evacuation circuit of the absorption unit by adapting, in advance, the adjustment parameters, after analysis of the variations of temperature measured, and comparison of these variations with typical curves.
• Such a regulation also makes it possible to better distribute the heat recovered to the consumer circuits (for example: the desalination unit) or to the thermal energy storage units (example: hot water / ice water).
• the regulating means adjust the parameters of the other heat generating circuits so that the temperature of the hot water production circuit of the heat pump is minimal so that the COP of the heat pump is at a maximum. , and that the temperature of the hot water production circuit of the heat pump, after exchange with the other heat generating circuits, allow a heat transfer to the consumer circuits in order to reach the operating temperature of the various stations storage or consumption of heat.
• This dynamic management of the Thermal transfer minimizes the power consumption of the heat pump motor (maximized COP).
• control means control the condensation temperature of the heat pump.
• the adjustment of the condensation temperature makes it possible, after exchange with the other cogeneration circuits, an efficient heat transfer to the consumer circuits.
• the condensing temperature of the heat pump must be at the lowest level compatible with the heat transfer to the consumer circuits, after exchange with the other recovery circuits. This low temperature level, adjusted in real time according to the state of the consumer circuits, allows, at any time, to operate with the best possible coefficient of performance of the heat pump.
• FIG. 1 represents an installation comprising a commonly used absorption group
• FIG. 2 represents a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the invention showing the heat flows
• FIG. 3 represents an exemplary embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 2, where the fluid circuits are visible.
• the absorption chillers 7 are used according to the installation of FIG. 1.
• Heat is introduced by the fluid supply circuit 6 (hot water circuit pressurized) in the cold absorption group 7.
• This heat is either directly produced heat (gas combustion in particular), more efficiently, recovered heat (pressurized water or steam) in a system of production of electrical energy. (gas turbines, reciprocating engines with gas or diesel etc ).
• Chilled water produced by the cold absorption unit 7 circulates in the chilled water production circuit 8 and supplies storage elements or consumption of chilled water 19, for example air conditioning circuits.
• the heat at low temperature (sum of the heat introduced and the cold subtracted) is extracted by the low temperature thermal energy evacuation circuit 9 in cooling water cooling towers 21 equipped with fans 22.
• Figure 2 shows the invention integrated in a multi-generation system, namely electricity production and heat. Thermal energy is used here for different purposes.
• the driving machine 1 of the electric generator is integral with the driven generator 2.
• the driving machine 1 is a gas or diesel engine
• the driven generator 2 is an alternator.
• An exhaust circuit 3 makes it possible to recover heat from the engine 1 and values the exhaust gases in a heat exchanger 4 in order to generate pressurized hot water or steam in the fluidic circuit 6.
• the absorption chiller 7 may be single or multi-stage, preferably two-stage. Its generator (71 FIG. 3) is supplied with heat by the supply fluid circuit 6. The evaporator 73 supplies the chilled water production circuit 8, and the low temperature heat (30 ° C.) is removed from the condenser 72 by the low temperature thermal energy evacuation circuit 9. 2011/000031
• the chilled water production circuit 8 is connected to storage or consumption of chilled water elements 19 (for example, an air conditioning system).
• chilled water elements 19 for example, an air conditioning system
• the heat pump 10 is driven by an electric motor 11.
• the heat pump 10 is supplied by a supply fluid circuit which is directly connected to the low temperature thermal energy evacuation circuit 9 of the absorption unit 7.
• the inlet of the supply fluid circuit in the heat pump 10 is connected to the output of the low temperature thermal energy evacuation circuit 9 of the absorption group 7.
• the circuit 9 passing through the heat pump 10 is cooled by the evaporator 101 (see Figure 3) of the heat pump 10.
• the output of the fluid supply circuit of the heat pump 10 is then connected to the inlet of the low temperature thermal energy evacuation circuit 9 of the absorption group 7.
• the circuit 9 then has a lower temperature leaving the heat pump 10 than entering it.
• this temperature difference in the circuit 9 between the output of the absorption group 7 and the entry into the absorption group 7 after having passed through the heat pump 10 is of the order of 4 ° C. according to the standard recommendations.
• the heat pump 10 thus has two functions:
• the first is to cool the condenser and the absorber of the absorption group 7, through the circuit 9;
• the second is to raise the low temperature thermal energy of the circuit 9 to a temperature level usable by the heat-consuming circuits.
• the temperature at the outlet of the condenser 103 of the heat pump 10, ie the temperature of the hot water production circuit 12 will be kept permanently at the minimum necessary in order to operate the heat pump 10 with a high coefficient of performance (COP), thanks to a small difference in temperature between the evaporator 101 and condenser 103 circuits, ie between the input of the supply fluid circuit in the heat pump and the hot water production circuit 12.
• COP coefficient of performance
• the high level of the coefficient of performance of the heat pump is essential for the overall energy efficiency.
• This high efficiency by low temperature difference between the circuit of the evaporator 101 (connected to the circuit 9) and the circuit of the condenser 103 (connected to the circuit 12) is made possible by the rise in the temperature in the circuit 12 downstream the heat pump 10 if a higher temperature is required; for example, by heat exchanges in successive heat exchangers with heat at higher temperature from the cooling circuit 13 of the engine 1 (generally at a temperature of about 90 ° C).
• this phenomenon can be amplified by connecting the circuit (6a) recovered directly to the supply fluid circuit 6 of the absorption chiller 7, as well as, possibly, with other recovery circuits or circuits. generation.
• the unit for preparing and / or storing hot water 15 the unit for preparing and / or storing hot water 15
• the seawater is conveyed in the unit by the circuit 17, the fresh water is stored in the tank 18, and the residual brines are removed by the circuit 17b.
• the hot water of the unit 15 is conveyed to the various stations of use by the circuit 14.
• the temperature rise of the circuit 12 by adding the other recovery circuits makes it possible to reach the temperature level required by the temperature transfer to the heat utilization circuits 15 and 16.
• the set of energy parameters is managed by the control and regulation and control cabinet 20 and the instrumentation links are marked in dotted lines.
• this control cabinet 20 automatically ensures:
• the regulation 20 anticipates the recoverable thermal powers in the cogeneration circuits, that is to say on the exhaust gas 3 and on the cooling circuit 13 of the engine 1.
• the thermal requirements of the energy recovery circuits are also known by measuring and memorizing the evolution curves. This knowledge by analysis of the typical curves in memory makes it possible to regulate the generation and the consumers of thermal energy. The heat is directed by anticipation towards the consumer and / or the storage element whose need will grow.
• the amount of refrigerant energy absorbed by the circuit 8 is measured and compared to the typical curves stored to anticipate its hourly and daily evolution.
• the amount of heat available in the circuit (6bis) will thus be determined by calculation.
• This control unit 20 analyzes in real time all the electrical and thermal power parameters (refrigerant) required by the various circuits integrating these values and comparing them to the typical stored curves.
• the regulation cabinet 20 controls the adjustment members in order to allow the maximum recovery of the heat in anticipation of the adjustments as a function of the variations of the measured energy parameters with respect to the expected parameters (stored in memory).
• control cabinet 20 will maintain the coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump 10 at the highest, maintaining the temperature in the circuit 12 at least the usable in the systems 15 and 16 after adding thereto the thermal energy of the circuits 13 and (6bis) and possibly other recovery circuits, and, or generation.
• COP coefficient of performance
• the regulation allows to recover the entire co-generated energy through an always optimal use of flows in different. consumer circuits or to storage of thermal energy (hot or cold water) or to the storage of the result of the work of thermal energy such as desalinated water.
• the regulation thus allows an anticipated switching of the thermal energy to, if necessary, the storage of ice water 19 or domestic hot water 15, as well as to the desalinated water basin 18.
• control cabinet 20 controls the condensing temperature of the heat pump 10 so that it works continuously with the best possible coefficient of performance. By regulating the condensation temperature of the heat pump 10, it controls the temperature of the water in the circuit 12. This temperature will be permanently adjusted to maximize the coefficient of performance and recovery.
• Example 1 if the system at a time t does not require desalination and the entire heat of the circuit 6 is consumed by the absorption group 7, then no thermal energy will be routed through the circuit ( 6bis).
• Example 2 If the hot water storage 15 is at 55 ° C, and the heat transfer is done with a temperature difference of 5 ° C, the water before the storage unit 15 must then be at 60 ° C.
• the control system 20 will calculate an energy optimum between the COP of the heat pump 10, the temperature of the circuit 12 and the heat available and / or necessary in the circuits 6bis and 13. For example, the control 20 controls the temperature of the heat pump. condensation of the heat pump 10 so that its circuit 12 transfers its amount of heat to the domestic hot water at 57.5 ° C, and the difference is provided by the motor circuit 13 to reach the temperature of 60 ° C.
• the temperature in the circuit 12 will be as low as possible to obtain the best possible coefficient of performance of the heat pump 10 according to the desired temperatures. This remains possible in all states of the system.
• Figure 3 allows to better show the different circuits used to perform the heat exchange necessary for the production of heat and cold in an installation according to the block diagram of Figure 2.
• the motors (1 and 1b) are cooled by the circuit 13, itself cooled by the elements (23 and 23b) which are aero-refrigerants.
• the circuits (3 and 3b) heat up the loop circulating in these two exchangers (4 and 4b) directly connected to the circuit 6.
• the fluid circulates in this loop through a pump of circulation.
• the same circuit 6 supplies a first element of the desalination system.
• This circuit 6 then passes through another exchanger with the circuit of the hot water unit 15 and a last exchanger with the circuit 13 (engine cooling circuit 1 and lb).
• the heat of the circuit 6 passes through the generator 71.
• the circuit from the generator 71 supplies the condenser 72, the evaporator 73 and the condenser. absorber 74 before going back through the generator 71.
• the evaporator 73 supplies the chilled water circuit 8 connected to the storage and / or distribution element 19.
• Other circuits can be connected to the circuit 8, for example to supply units 25.
• units 25 are, for example, chilled water distribution units such as fan coil (ie water-air heat exchangers).
• the circuit 9 (low temperature evacuation fluid circuit), coming from the condenser 72, passes through the evaporator 101 of the heat pump 10 (single stage), then the absorber 74 and again the condenser 72 of the absorption cold unit 7.
• the circulation of the circuit 9 is ensured by a circulation pump.
• the circuit 9 can also cross a circuit of seawater 17 to raise a few degrees its temperature before it passes through the desalination units 16.
• the internal circuit of the heat pump 10 recovers heat in the evaporator 101 and passes through the compressor 102, the condenser 103, then the expander 104.
• the condenser 103 supplies the circuit 12 for producing hot water.
• the circuit 12 crosses the circuit of the unit 15 by a first exchanger, then, by a second exchanger, the circuit 12 crosses the circuit 17 for the arrival of seawater.
• the circulation of the fluid in the circuit 12 is guaranteed by yet another circulation pump.
• the preheating unit 15 and / or hot water storage then feeds various elements 14, for example showers.
• the seawater inlet circuit 17 is thus preheated three times before passing through the desalination units 16.
• the brine is evacuated by the circuit 17b and the fresh water is stored in a tank 18.
• the device according to the invention is particularly intended for the generation of electricity in isolated sites whose heat requirements are important, whether used directly or transformed.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
• Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
• Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

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• 2010
  • 2010-01-19 FR FR1000194A patent/FR2955381A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
• 2011
  • 2011-01-19 KR KR1020127021622A patent/KR101736913B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-01-19 WO PCT/FR2011/000031 patent/WO2011089338A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2011-01-19 EP EP11704647A patent/EP2526352A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-01-19 US US13/521,385 patent/US8820099B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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