EP2526089A2 - A method of industrial production of an amorphous form of atorvastatin with a high specific surface area and its use in a dosage form - Google Patents
A method of industrial production of an amorphous form of atorvastatin with a high specific surface area and its use in a dosage formInfo
- Publication number
- EP2526089A2 EP2526089A2 EP11707780A EP11707780A EP2526089A2 EP 2526089 A2 EP2526089 A2 EP 2526089A2 EP 11707780 A EP11707780 A EP 11707780A EP 11707780 A EP11707780 A EP 11707780A EP 2526089 A2 EP2526089 A2 EP 2526089A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- atorvastatin
- solvent
- specific surface
- surface area
- amorphous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- XUKUURHRXDUEBC-KAYWLYCHSA-N Atorvastatin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 XUKUURHRXDUEBC-KAYWLYCHSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- XUKUURHRXDUEBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atorvastatin Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CCC(O)CC(O)CC(O)=O)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 XUKUURHRXDUEBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 229960005370 atorvastatin Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical group CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012296 anti-solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- MBBZMMPHUWSWHV-BDVNFPICSA-N N-methylglucamine Chemical compound CNC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO MBBZMMPHUWSWHV-BDVNFPICSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960003194 meglumine Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 i.e Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007884 disintegrant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012738 dissolution medium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- HSHXDCVZWHOWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N'-hexadecylthiophene-2-carbohydrazide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNNC(=O)c1cccs1 HSHXDCVZWHOWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 101000687448 Homo sapiens REST corepressor 1 Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 102100024864 REST corepressor 1 Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229960001375 lactose Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229940071676 hydroxypropylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940069328 povidone Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- OJRHUICOVVSGSY-RXMQYKEDSA-N (2s)-2-chloro-3-methylbutan-1-ol Chemical class CC(C)[C@H](Cl)CO OJRHUICOVVSGSY-RXMQYKEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WSVLPVUVIUVCRA-KPKNDVKVSA-N Alpha-lactose monohydrate Chemical compound O.O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O WSVLPVUVIUVCRA-KPKNDVKVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002024 ethyl acetate extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001021 lactose monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001440269 Cutina Species 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019759 Maize starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N ampicillin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC([C@@H](N3C2=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)=CC=CC=C1 AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960004977 anhydrous lactose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001714 calcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940075614 colloidal silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007908 dry granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- MVPICKVDHDWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCN1CCCC1 MVPICKVDHDWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008642 heat stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000055 hyoplipidemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940031703 low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001855 mannitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004375 physisorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045902 sodium stearyl fumarate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002920 sorbitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010356 sorbitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
Definitions
- the present invention deals with an amorphous form of the hemicalcium salt of (3R,5R) 7-[3- phenyl-4-phenylcarbamoyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropylpyrrol-l-yl]-3,5- dihydroxyheptanoic acid (atorvastatin of formula I) with a high specific surface area, based on controlled precipitation, and its use in a medicament dosage form.
- Atorvastatin of formula I is an important representative of hypolipidemic and hypocholesteric drugs and is the object of a number of patents.
- amorphous atorvastatin is spray drying of a solution of atorvastatin in a suitable solvent using an inert carrier gas, e.g. nitrogen, described in CZ patent application No. 2005-94.
- an inert carrier gas e.g. nitrogen
- amorphous atorvastatin is also obtained in accordance with applications of Lek (WO 01/42209 Al), Ranbaxy (WO 00/71116 Al), Biocon (WO 02/057228 Al), Cadila (WO 02/08367 Al ; WO 02/08368 Al) and Morepen (WO 03/018547 A2).
- Lek WO 01/42209 Al
- Ranbaxy WO 00/71116 Al
- Biocon WO 02/057228 Al
- Cadila WO 02/08367 Al ; WO 02/08368 Al
- Morepen WO 03/018547 A2
- the opposite possibility is also mentioned when into a solvent in which atorvastatin does not dissolve at all or in a limited way only (anti-solvent) a solution of atorvastatin in a suitable solvent is added dropwise (WO 02/057228 Al, CZ 2002-413).
- a concentrated solution of atorvastatin in a suitable solvent is not obtained by dissolution of crystalline or semi-crystalline atorvastatin, but is obtained directly in the last reaction stage of atorvastatin production (CZ 2002-413, WO 03/018547 A2).
- This invention describes a new, improved method of production of an amorphous form of the hemicalcium salt of (3R,5R) 7-[3-phenyl-4-phenylcarbamoyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5- isopropylpyrrol-l-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-heptanoic acid (atorvastatin I) with a high specific surface area suitable for industrial use, which would not exhibit the above mentioned disadvantages, and its use in a dosage form.
- the invention consists in an amorphous calcium salt of (3R,5R) 7-[3-phenyl-4- phenylcarbamoyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropylpyrrol-l-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid, known under the non-proprietary name atorvastatin, of formula I with a high specific surface area.
- Another aspect of the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition containing amorphous atorvastatin of formula I with a high specific surface area as characterized above.
- the composition with thus defined active substance allows a release rate of atorvastatin of formula I higher than 75% by weight in 15 minutes. In a preferable formulation more than 85% by weight in 15 minutes can be achieved.
- An important aspect of the invention also provides a new production method of this amorphous form of the hemicalcium salt of (3i?,5i?)7-[3-phenyl-4-phenylcarbamoyl-2-(4- fluorophenyl)-5-isopropylpyrrol-l-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid with a high specific surface area, suitable for industrial use, based on precipitation and optimized isolation.
- This entire procedure consists in:
- Suitable solvents are those where the solubility of the atorvastatin calcium salt is equal to or higher than 5 g in 1 1.
- Suitable solvents for obtaining an atorvastatin solution include especially esters of carboxylic acids, ethers, including cyclic ethers, alcohols, nitriles, chlorinated solvents, ketones.
- Especially suitable solvents include esters of the RCOOR 1 type wherein R is an alkyl, e.g. methyl or ethyl, or hydrogen and R 1 is an alkyl, e.g. methyl, ethyl or isopropyl.
- R is an alkyl, e.g. methyl or ethyl, or hydrogen and R 1 is an alkyl, e.g. methyl, ethyl or isopropyl.
- ethers tetrahydrofuran, tert-butyl methyl ether or dioxane are the most suitable ones.
- the most suitable alcohols are methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol.
- Out of nitriles acetonitrile is the most suitable one.
- the most convenient ketones are acetone, ethyl methyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone.
- Suitable anti-solvents include those where the solubility of atorvastatin is lower than 1 g per litre.
- Alkanes, especially pentane, hexane and its isomers, or heptane are especially suitable ones.
- Suitable ethers include diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether or their mixtures.
- the overall specific surface area S g of the product is in the range of 40 to 67 m 2 /g and its dissolution characteristics are much more favourable than those of the amorphous product isolated under the previously described conditions.
- Measurement of the specific surface area of the amorphous product depending on the drying of residual solvents and on the composition of the solution used for precipitation has revealed surprising correlation with the content of residual solvents in the filter cake before drying of the final product. At the same time it has turned out that a higher specific surface area facilitates the drying since the proportion of glass particles that close solvents in their structure decreases.
- the solvent/anti-solvent ratio in the filter cake is reduced below 5% by washing with the anti-solvent.
- composition A3 The total specific surface area was determined from the measured data of nitrogen physisorption at three different partial pressures in the area of validity of the BET equation and at the temperature of 77 K.
- composition A3 A pharmaceutical composition containing atorvastatin of formula I with a high specific surface area as described above significantly differs in its characteristics from known pharmaceutical compositions with amorphous atorvastatin. This difference is demonstrated in example 5.
- Compositions Al and A2 characterize extreme values of the specific surface area of atorvastatin prepared according to the prior art, in particular CZ 2003-987. It turns out that the release rate significantly differs from one lot to another, which may even render this particular composition unusable. Using the active substance in accordance with the invention (composition A3) reproducible high values of release rate of the active substance are achieved.
- a tablet containing the calcium salt of atorvastatin of formula I it is desirable for a tablet containing the calcium salt of atorvastatin of formula I to quickly disintegrate and release the active substance in a fast manner.
- Fillers from the group of substances such as pre-gelatinized starch, microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, anhydrous lactose, lactose monohydrate, calcium phosphate, hydrogen or dihydrogen calcium phosphate and the like can be used. Out of this group a mixture of lactose monohydrate and microcrystalline cellulose is preferred.
- the basic constituent can include an organic or inorganic base, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, meglumine, arginine, calcium, magnesium, sodium or potassium hydroxide, oxide, carbonate or hydrogen carbonate, and the like.
- an organic or inorganic base such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, meglumine, arginine, calcium, magnesium, sodium or potassium hydroxide, oxide, carbonate or hydrogen carbonate, and the like.
- Meglumine or magnesium oxide can conveniently be used.
- Substances from the group of polyvinylpyrrolidones can be used as binders, for example various types of povidones, povidone 25, povidone 30, or povidone 90; copolymers of vinylpyrrolidones with other vinyl derivatives, such as povidone VA 64; microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyl propyl cellulose, methyl cellulose or pre- gelatinized starch. Out of this group of substances the use of hydroxypropyl cellulose is preferred.
- disintegrants from the group of substances such as maize starch, pre- gelatinized starch, low substituted hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, are used, as well as substances from the group of super disintegrants such as the sodium salt of crosscarmellose, sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch of type A, B or C, or crosspovidone.
- a mixture of low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose and sodium salt of crosscarmellose is preferred.
- colloidal silicon oxide For improvement of flow characteristics substances from the group of substances such as colloidal silicon oxide, talc, and the like are used. Colloidal silicon oxide is conveniently used. A substance such as sodium stearyl fumarate, stearic acid, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, talc, Cutina, and the like can be used as the lubricant. Out of this group of substances magnesium stearate is mainly preferred.
- Atorvastatin calcium salt of formula I is in the amorphous form in the tablets.
- Atorvastatin in the form of the calcium salt of formula I is dissolved in anhydrous ethanol and, in a granulation vessel, mixed with the other ingredients such as microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and optionally with a portion of crosscarmellose, or with magnesium oxide or calcium carbonate.
- This mixture is granulated with an aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic solution of meglumine, or only with water or a water/ethanol mixture.
- the resulting granulate is dried by fluidization or on metal sheets.
- the dried granulate is sieved to a suitable size of granules, which are subsequently additionally mixed with extragranular excipients such as magnesium stearate and colloidal silicon oxide, or a portion of crosscarmellose.
- b/ Granulation by kneading - Atorvastatin in the form of the calcium salt of formula I is mixed with the other ingredients such as microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and optionally with a portion of crosscarmellose, or with magnesium oxide or calcium carbonate.
- This mixture is granulated with an aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic solution of meglumine, or only with water or a water/ethanol mixture.
- the resulting granulate is dried by fluidization or on metal sheets.
- the dried granulate is sieved to a suitable size of granules, which are subsequently additionally mixed with extragranular excipients such as magnesium stearate and colloidal silicon oxide, or a portion of crosscarmellose.
- extragranular excipients such as magnesium stearate and colloidal silicon oxide, or a portion of crosscarmellose.
- c/ Dry granulation - Atorvastatin in the form of the calcium salt of formula I is mixed with the other ingredients such as microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and optionally with a portion of crosscarmellose, or with magnesium oxide, or meglumine.
- the resulting mixture is compacted in a suitable compactor or compressed in a tabletting press with the use of large dies.
- the resulting compactates are sieved to a suitable size of granules, which are subsequently additionally mixed with extragranular excipients such as magnesium stearate and colloidal silicon oxide, or a portion of crosscarmellose.
- extragranular excipients such as magnesium stearate and colloidal silicon oxide, or a portion of crosscarmellose.
- d/ Direct blending - Atorvastatin in the form of the calcium salt of formula I is mixed with the other ingredients such as microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and optionally with a portion of crosscarmellose, or with magnesium oxide, or meglumine.
- the resulting mixture is additionally mixed with extragranular excipients such as magnesium stearate and colloidal silicon oxide, or a portion of crosscarmellose.
- the tablet substance prepared in one of the above mentioned manners is compressed to form tablets, which are coated with a layer of a film-forming substance containing plasticizers, pigments and other fillers.
- the coated tablets are preferably adjusted in Al/Al blister packs, optionally under inert atmosphere.
- EtOH 1 : 4.5 (wt./wt.) at a common laboratory temperature (20 to 25 °C).
- the solutions were monitored in terms of stability for 90 to 120 min. No changes of the amorphous state of the API were registered.
- Atorvastatin (0.3 kg) dissolved in ethyl acetate (1 1) was precipitated into pentane (7 1) with a nozzle under pressure of nitrogen, the product was isolated on a nutsch filter and washed with pentane (4 x 2.5 1). The weight ratio of ethyl acetate/pentane was 4.4%. After drying at 60 °C in vacuo 276 g of the product with the specific surface area of 54,9 m 2 /g was obtained.
- Atorvastatin (1000 g) in crystalline modification I was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (2.5 1). After dissolution the solution was filtered and concentrated to the volume of 1.5 1 and ethyl acetate (2 1) was added. After concentration and addition of ethyl acetate in such a way to make the content of tetrahydrofuran 3% wt. the solution was injected under the surface of the stirred anti-solvent - pentane (30 1) with a nozzle under slight overpressure. The separated product was aspirated, washed with pentane (5 x 5 1; weight ratio of ethyl acetate/pentane 3.5%) and dried in vacuo at the temperature of 25 °C for 7 days. 965 g of amorphous atorvastatin of formula I with the specific surface area of 59.6 m 2 /g was obtained.
- the aqueous phase containing the sodium salt of atorvastatin was extracted with ethyl acetate (4 1 and 4 x 2 1).
- the ethyl acetate extract was shaken with a solution of calcium acetate in deminerahsed water (100 g of acetate in 500 ml of water) 3 times. It was washed with deminerahsed water (2 x 500 ml) and dried with CaS0 4 (1 kg) after thorough separation of water. After 1 h of drying it was filtered, the desiccant was washed with 1 1 of ethyl acetate and the extract was concentrated to the volume of ca. 1600 ml.
- the ethyl acetate extract - was shaken with a solution of calcium acetate in deminerahsed water (1.6 kg of acetate in 6.5 1 of water) 3 times. It was washed with deminerahsed water (3 x 5 1). After filtration the solution was concentrated to the final volume of 26 1 (water content 0.2% wt., tetrahydrofuran content 2.7% wt.) and then injected into stirred pentane (170 1) under pressure of nitrogen by means of a nozzle.
- Example 5 In order to monitor the influence of the specific surface area of the active substance used in the formulation on the rate of dissolution from the dosage form and on the dissolution kinetics itself the method of preparing the tablet substance by direct blending has been selected.
- the compositions of various formulations are summarized in the table below. All the percentages mentioned below are weight percentages.
- composition %/tbl. %/tbl. %/tbl.
- the release rate of the active substance was monitored in a dissolution device by the paddle method in the dissolution media of a 0.01 M HC1 solution at pH 2.0. Under these conditions the following amounts of the active ingredient in % wt. were released from various formulations:
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CZ20100039A CZ201039A3 (cs) | 2010-01-19 | 2010-01-19 | Zpusob prumyslové výroby amorfní formy hemivápenaté soli (3R,5R) 7-[3-fenyl-4-fenylkarbamoyl-2-(4-fluorfenyl)-5-isopropylpyrrol-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanové kyseliny (atorvastatinu) s vysokým specifickým povrchem a jeho použití v lékové forme |
PCT/CZ2011/000003 WO2011088806A2 (en) | 2010-01-19 | 2011-01-12 | A method of industrial production of an amorphous form of atorvastatin with a high specific surface area and its use in a dosage form |
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EP2526089A2 true EP2526089A2 (en) | 2012-11-28 |
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EP11707780A Withdrawn EP2526089A2 (en) | 2010-01-19 | 2011-01-12 | A method of industrial production of an amorphous form of atorvastatin with a high specific surface area and its use in a dosage form |
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EP (1) | EP2526089A2 (cs) |
CZ (1) | CZ201039A3 (cs) |
WO (1) | WO2011088806A2 (cs) |
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KR101858913B1 (ko) | 2013-02-21 | 2018-05-16 | 화이자 인코포레이티드 | 고체 형태의 선택적인 cdk4/6 억제제 |
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US4681893A (en) | 1986-05-30 | 1987-07-21 | Warner-Lambert Company | Trans-6-[2-(3- or 4-carboxamido-substituted pyrrol-1-yl)alkyl]-4-hydroxypyran-2-one inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis |
FI94339C (fi) | 1989-07-21 | 1995-08-25 | Warner Lambert Co | Menetelmä farmaseuttisesti käyttökelpoisen /R-(R*,R*)/-2-(4-fluorifenyyli)- , -dihydroksi-5-(1-metyylietyyli)-3-fenyyli-4-/(fenyyliamino)karbonyyli/-1H-pyrroli-1-heptaanihapon ja sen farmaseuttisesti hyväksyttävien suolojen valmistamiseksi |
HRP960313B1 (en) | 1995-07-17 | 2002-08-31 | Warner Lambert Co | Form iii crystalline (r- (r*, r*)-2- (4-fluorophenyl) -beta-delta-hydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl) -3-phenyl-4- ((phenylamino) carbonyl -1h-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid calcium salt (2:1) |
IL128862A (en) | 1995-07-17 | 2007-12-03 | Warner Lambert Co | [R - (R * R *)] - 2 - (4 - fluorophenyl) - ß, d - dihydroxy - 5 - (1 - methyl - ethyl) 3 - phenyl - 4 - [(phenamino) carbonyl)] - 1H - Pyrol - 1 - Patenoic acid Hydrogen salt Hydrogen crystalline (Atorostatin) Crystalline hydrate |
HRP960312B1 (en) | 1995-07-17 | 2001-10-31 | Warner Lambert Co | NOVEL PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AMORPHOUS /R-(R*, R*)/-2-(4-FLUOROPHENYL)-"beta", "delta"-DIHYDROXY-5-PHENYL-4-/(PHENYLAMINO)CARBONYL/-1H-PYRROLE -1-HEPTANOIC ACID CALCIUM SALT (2 : 1) |
IN191236B (cs) | 1999-05-25 | 2003-10-11 | Ranbaxy Lab Ltd | |
HU226640B1 (en) | 1999-10-18 | 2009-05-28 | Egis Gyogyszergyar Nyilvanosan | Process for producing amorphous atorvastatin calcium salt |
HUP0203257A3 (en) | 1999-11-17 | 2003-05-28 | Teva Pharma | Polymorphic forms of atorvastatin calcium, process for their preparations and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
SI20425A (sl) | 1999-12-10 | 2001-06-30 | LEK tovarna farmacevtskih in kemi�nih izdelkov d.d. | Priprava amorfnega atorvastatina |
EP1301581A1 (en) | 2000-07-21 | 2003-04-16 | Cargill, Incorporated | Method for removing contaminants from vegetable oil and lecithin |
JP2002038174A (ja) | 2000-07-24 | 2002-02-06 | Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp | 冷凍機油組成物 |
WO2002057228A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2002-07-25 | Biocon India Limited | Atorvastatin calcium |
EP3009423A3 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2016-12-28 | Warner-Lambert Company LLC | Crystalline forms of [r-(r*,r*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-beta, delta-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-phenylamino)carbonyl]-1h-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid calcium salt (2:1) (atorvastatin) |
US7563911B2 (en) | 2001-08-31 | 2009-07-21 | Morepen Laboratories Ltd. | Process for the preparation of amorphous atorvastin calcium salt (2:1) |
CZ296967B6 (cs) | 2002-02-01 | 2006-08-16 | Zentiva, A.S. | Zpusob výroby amorfní formy hemivápenaté soli (3R,5R) 7-[3-fenyl-4-fenylkarbamoyl-2-(4-fluorfenyl)-5-isopropylpyrrol-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanové kyseliny (atorvastatinu) |
CZ2003987A3 (cs) * | 2003-04-08 | 2004-11-10 | Zentiva A. S. | Způsob výroby amorfní formy hemivápenaté soli (3R,5R) 7-[3-fenyl-4-fenylkarbanioyl-2-(4- fluorfenyl)-5-isopropylpyrrol-l-yl]-3,5- dihydroxyheptanové kyseliny (atorvastatinu) vhodný pro průmyslovou výrobu a zařízení k jeho provádění |
US20090124817A1 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-14 | The Industry & Academic Cooperation In Chungnam National University | Process for Preparing Amorphous Atorvastatin Calcium Nanoparticles |
-
2010
- 2010-01-19 CZ CZ20100039A patent/CZ201039A3/cs unknown
-
2011
- 2011-01-12 WO PCT/CZ2011/000003 patent/WO2011088806A2/en active Application Filing
- 2011-01-12 EP EP11707780A patent/EP2526089A2/en not_active Withdrawn
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WO2011088806A3 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
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