EP2505735B1 - Installation pressurisée de protection contre la fumée et procédé de maintien sans fumée d'une sortie de secours - Google Patents

Installation pressurisée de protection contre la fumée et procédé de maintien sans fumée d'une sortie de secours Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2505735B1
EP2505735B1 EP12157874.4A EP12157874A EP2505735B1 EP 2505735 B1 EP2505735 B1 EP 2505735B1 EP 12157874 A EP12157874 A EP 12157874A EP 2505735 B1 EP2505735 B1 EP 2505735B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
supply air
escape route
height
flaps
external
Prior art date
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Application number
EP12157874.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2505735A1 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Eidmann
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B15/00—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F17/00—Vertical ducts; Channels, e.g. for drainage
    • E04F17/04—Air-ducts or air channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F24F11/33—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to fire, excessive heat or smoke
    • F24F11/34—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to fire, excessive heat or smoke by opening air passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • F24F11/75—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity for maintaining constant air flow rate or air velocity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F2007/001—Ventilation with exhausting air ducts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a smoke protection pressure system for a building, which has at least one in case of fire to be acted upon by pressure escape space, with at least one the escape space in case of fire with supply air acting on Zu povertyventilator and a control valve device which has at least one control valve which opens when exceeding a limit overpressure and at Below the limit overpressure closes.
  • building means in particular, buildings with a multiplicity of floors, which are connected to one another via one or more staircases. These staircases form refuge rooms, which are to be kept free of smoke in case of fire.
  • the smoke protection system is therefore designed as a smoke protection differential pressure system, which is ensured by the set pressure in the area of the escape room smoke control in case of fire.
  • a permissible maximum value eg 50 Pa.
  • a control valve device is provided, which is preferably equipped with spring-loaded control valves in the context of the invention, so that an automatic air removal excess air is taken care of.
  • a flap device responds very quickly, so that it can respond quickly to the opening and closing of doors.
  • Such a smoke protection printing system is for example from the DE 10 2005 053 590 B4 known.
  • the escape area eg the staircase
  • a mechanical supply air system of the type described is equipped with a mechanical supply air system of the type described.
  • an exhaust air damper device is provided, but not the escape space, but a Is associated with the exhaust duct, via which the smoke extraction of possible fire areas should take place.
  • Crawl spaces in high-rise buildings are subject to weather conditions, provided they have openings to the free atmosphere.
  • inside temperature outside temperature
  • the pressure conditions in the escape area remain unaffected.
  • z. B. at high outdoor temperatures in summer or at low outdoor temperatures in winter in particular convection influences lead to different flow effects. This leads over the height of the escape space to different pressure conditions, so that the function of the smoke protection pressure system may no longer be guaranteed, especially if the overpressure locally exceeds the predetermined limit pressure, so then the permissible door opening forces are exceeded.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a smoke protection printing system for a building of the type described above, which ensures a simple structure even with different weather conditions and in particular outdoor temperatures flawless smoke control without the problems observed in practice occur with inadmissibly high door opening forces.
  • the invention teaches in a generic smoke protection system of the type described above, that the Zu Kunststoffauslässe for generating a variable over the escape space height supply air distribution as a function of the outside temperature individually or in groups are variably controlled.
  • the supply air outlets can be equipped with individually or in groups controllable inlet flaps.
  • the supply air is unregulated, that is, the supply air outlets work themselves unregulated, that is, the supply air outlets are individually controllable depending on the outside temperature, but the control is independent of pressure fluctuations in the refuge, the z. B. occur when doors, windows or the like are opened in the refuge.
  • the regulation takes place exclusively via the control flap device which is provided anyway in the escape area and which is regulable for opening and closing doors.
  • the air outlets have no control function, so that the sensitive control loop is not disturbed.
  • the use of several different control loops is expressly avoided, so that a no longer controllable influencing different control circuits is omitted. Nevertheless, it is possible to react variably to outside temperature fluctuations by providing a height-weighted supply air volume flow distribution.
  • the inlet flaps are preferred as a motor-operated flaps, z.
  • continuously or continuously opening flaps, z. B. shutter valves are used, but - as explained - are always operated unregulated.
  • the fan is preferably connected via at least one common supply air shaft with the Zu Kunststoffauslässen.
  • This supply air duct preferably extends over the entire height or at least substantially the entire height of the escape space. In any case, it is expedient if the supply air duct extends over the height of the escape space, in the doors to z. B. adjacent fire areas are provided.
  • the total volume of supply air is adjustable in dependence on the outside temperature, z. B. on the supply air fan.
  • temperature fluctuations eg summer / winter
  • the total volume flow of the supply air can be adapted to the outside temperature. So it is advantageous to select a higher supply air volume flow at low outside temperatures than at higher outside temperatures.
  • the fan is operated by a variable-speed control device.
  • the supply air fan or its control device may be equipped with a frequency converter.
  • an outside temperature sensor is particularly preferably provided, which is connected to the fan or its control device, so that the fan speed and thus the supply air volume flow can be made variable depending on the outside temperature. If the (exact) temperature difference is taken into account, an internal temperature sensor may additionally be provided.
  • control flap device used in the invention can be made of conventional flap control devices.
  • the control valves can be controlled by motor.
  • preferably spring-loaded, automatically opening and closing control valves are provided, as for example in the DE 10 2005 053 590 B4 or the DE 10 2005 011 791 A1 to be discribed.
  • the invention also provides a method for keeping smoke in an escape space, in particular using the described smoke protection printing system, wherein the escape space is exposed to an overpressure in case of fire, which does not exceed a predetermined limit pressure.
  • This method is inventively characterized in that the supply air over several distributed over the height of the escape space, unregulated air outlets, z. B. is supplied with dependent on the outside temperature variable supply air distribution.
  • the core of the method according to the invention is consequently, in particular, the uncontrolled inflow, preferably with an intake air volume flow distribution which is weighted over the height, that is to say variably / variably adaptable to the circumstances.
  • the total volume flow of the supply air can be set as a function of the outside temperature.
  • FIG. 1 is greatly simplified, schematically represented a stairwell as the escape room 1 of a building.
  • the use units which are arranged in the individual storeys and which are connected to the staircase via doors are usually adjacent to such a stairwell 1. Details are not shown.
  • the stairwell 1 forms a refuge, which is acted upon in the event of fire with overpressure.
  • a Zuluftventilator 2 is provided at the foot of the stairwell.
  • a regulating flap device 3 is connected to the escape space 1, which is only shown in simplified form. It is located at the top of the stairwell.
  • This control flap device 3 has at least one control flap, which opens when exceeding a limit overpressure and closes when it falls below the limit overpressure. This can be realized via automatically opening and closing, spring-loaded control valves. Details are given for example in the DE 10 2005 011 791 A1 described.
  • FIG. 1 It can be seen that the escape space 1 is equipped with several distributed over the height Zu Kunststoffauslässen 4. These supply air outlets 4 are connected via a common supply air shaft 5 with the fan 2. The height H of the escape space is also indicated.
  • the supply air outlets 4 are now individually or in groups depending on the outdoor temperature variable controllable.
  • the supply air outlets 4 may be equipped, for example, with supply air flaps, not shown, which are actuated by a motor and consequently can be opened and closed by a motor, whereby the individual supply flaps can be opened and closed independently of each other.
  • This results from a comparative analysis of the FIGS. 1 to 3 because the supply air distribution is set variable depending on the outside temperature.
  • FIG. 1 shows the isothermal case, ie the outside temperature corresponds to the inside temperature.
  • the thermal effects within the stairwell 1 are negligible, so that the supply air over the height H is evenly distributed in the escape space 1 is blown.
  • All air outlets 4 are operated with the same setting, that is all supply air dampers are located approximately in the same position. It is again pointed out that the setting of these supply flaps is unregulated and thus independent of the local or time-dependent pressure fluctuations in the refuge. The pressure fluctuations occurring by opening and closing the doors are compensated exclusively by means of the control valve device.
  • the supply air In summer operation, that is at outdoor temperatures that are (significantly) above the indoor temperatures, the supply air should no longer be distributed homogeneously over the entire height H of the escape space, but it is expedient to supply supply air in particular in the upper part of the stairwell.
  • the supply air outlets 4 or their inlet flaps are consequently activated in the desired manner. This is in FIG. 2 indicated.
  • FIG. 3 indicates that the supply air volume flow distribution can be tailored to the outside temperature or the temperature difference.
  • this second aspect of the invention can be realized for example by the fact that the supply air fan is operated speed-dependent by z.
  • a control device is provided with a frequency converter, said controller via an outside temperature sensor, the fan speed and thus the supply air volume flow made variable. Details are not shown.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Installation pressurisée de protection contre les fumées pour un bâtiment qui présente au moins un espace d'évacuation (1) à alimenter en surpression en cas d'incendie, par exemple une cage d'escalier,
    comprenant au moins un ventilateur d'air neuf (2) alimentant l'espace d'évacuation (1) en air neuf en cas d'incendie et un dispositif de volets de réglage (3) qui présente au moins un volet de réglage, qui s'ouvre en cas de valeur au-dessus d'une surpression limite et se ferme en cas de valeur en-deçà de la surpression limite,
    sachant que plusieurs orifices d'air neuf (4) sont disposés répartis sur la hauteur de l'espace d'évacuation (1), lesquels peuvent être commandés en tant qu'orifices d'air neuf (4) non régulés indépendamment des variations de pression dans l'espace d'évacuation (1), caractérisée en ce
    que les orifices d'air neuf (4) peuvent être commandés de façon variable individuellement ou en groupes en fonction de la température extérieure ou de la différence entre les températures extérieure et intérieure, pour produire une répartition d'air neuf variable sur la hauteur de l'espace d'évacuation (H).
  2. Installation selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les orifices d'air neuf (4) sont dotés de volets d'air neuf non régulés, pouvant être commandés individuellement ou en groupes.
  3. Installation selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les volets d'air neuf (4) sont conçus en tant que volets motorisés, par exemple des volets à contre-vent.
  4. Installation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que le ventilateur (2) est relié aux orifices d'air (4) par au moins un puits d'air neuf (5) commun.
  5. Installation selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que le puits d'air neuf (5) s'étend sur toute la hauteur (H) ou essentiellement dans toute la hauteur (H) de l'espace d'évacuation (1).
  6. Installation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce qu'une pluralité d'orifices d'air (4) est répartie sur toute la hauteur (H) de l'espace d'évacuation (1), par ex. au moins un orifice d'air neuf (4) respectif par étage d'une cage d'escalier.
  7. Installation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce qu'avec le ventilateur (2), le débit volumique total de l'air neuf peut être réglé en fonction de la température extérieure ou de la différence entre les températures extérieure et intérieure.
  8. Installation selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que le ventilateur (2) peut être entraîné à vitesse variable par un dispositif de commande, lequel est doté d'un convertisseur de fréquences par exemple.
  9. Installation selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisée en ce que le ventilateur (2), respectivement son dispositif de commande, est relié à une sonde de température extérieure et le cas échéant à une sonde de température intérieure.
  10. Installation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que les volets de réglage du dispositif de volets de réglage (3) sont conçus en tant que volets de réglage contraints par ressort qui s'ouvrent et se ferment automatiquement en cas de variations de pression.
  11. Procédé destiné à maintenir un espace d'évacuation exempt de fumées, comprenant une installation pressurisée de protection contre les fumées selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, dans lequel l'espace d'évacuation est alimenté en surpression, par une installation pressurisée de protection contre les fumées en cas d'incendie, laquelle ne dépasse pas une surpression limite prédéfinie, dans lequel
    l'air neuf est amené par plusieurs orifices d'air neuf non régulés répartis sur la hauteur de l'espace d'évacuation, caractérisé en ce que l'air neuf est amené de façon variable sur la hauteur de l'espace d'évacuation en fonction de la température extérieure ou de la différence entre les températures extérieure et intérieure.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que l'air neuf est amené avec une répartition non-homogène sur la hauteur de la cage d'escalier en cas de différence entre les températures extérieure et intérieure.
  13. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que le débit volumique total de l'air neuf est réglé en fonction de la température extérieure ou de la différence entre les températures extérieure et intérieure.
EP12157874.4A 2011-03-14 2012-03-02 Installation pressurisée de protection contre la fumée et procédé de maintien sans fumée d'une sortie de secours Active EP2505735B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL12157874T PL2505735T3 (pl) 2011-03-14 2012-03-02 Ciśnieniowa instalacja przeciwdymowa i sposób utrzymywania pomieszczenia ewakuacyjnego wolnego od dymu

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011001261A DE102011001261A1 (de) 2011-03-14 2011-03-14 Rauchschutzdruckanlage und Verfahren zur Rauchfreihaltung eines Fluchtraumes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2505735A1 EP2505735A1 (fr) 2012-10-03
EP2505735B1 true EP2505735B1 (fr) 2015-12-09

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12157874.4A Active EP2505735B1 (fr) 2011-03-14 2012-03-02 Installation pressurisée de protection contre la fumée et procédé de maintien sans fumée d'une sortie de secours

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EP (1) EP2505735B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102011001261A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL2505735T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2833379T5 (es) * 2015-04-08 2024-04-29 Ges Fuer Sicherheits Und Brandschutz Instalación híbrida de presión diferencial de protección contra el humo y procedimiento para mantener una sobrepresión

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1961837C3 (de) * 1969-12-10 1975-01-09 Klaus 8000 Muenchen Daniels Anordnung zur Rauchabführung im Brandfall bei vielgeschossigen Häusern mit innenliegendem Treppenhaus
US5788571A (en) * 1997-01-22 1998-08-04 Ivison; John T. Method of venting smoke from highrise residential buildings
DE19841540B4 (de) * 1998-09-11 2013-10-24 Wolfram Klingsch Anordnung und Verfahren zur Druckbelüftung von sicherheitsrelevanten Teilen eines Gebäudes
DE19848736B4 (de) * 1998-10-22 2004-11-11 Horch, Fabian Rauchschutzeinrichtung für Treppenräume oder dergleichen
DE20113242U1 (de) 2001-08-09 2001-10-31 Ostertag, Dieter, Dr.-Ing., 82396 Pähl Sicherheitstreppenraum für ein Hochhaus
DE102005011791A1 (de) 2005-03-11 2006-09-21 Eidmann, Jürgen Regelklappenvorrichtung
DE102005053590B4 (de) 2005-11-10 2008-11-13 Eidmann, Fritz Jürgen Rauchschutzanlage sowie Verfahren zum Abführen von Rauch aus Brandräumen eines Gebäudes und zur Rauchfreihaltung von Fluchtwegen des Gebäudes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL2505735T3 (pl) 2016-06-30
EP2505735A1 (fr) 2012-10-03
DE102011001261A1 (de) 2012-09-20

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