EP2486179A1 - Matériau composite en feutre souple de fibres de carbone et feutre dur de fibres de carbone - Google Patents

Matériau composite en feutre souple de fibres de carbone et feutre dur de fibres de carbone

Info

Publication number
EP2486179A1
EP2486179A1 EP10742859A EP10742859A EP2486179A1 EP 2486179 A1 EP2486179 A1 EP 2486179A1 EP 10742859 A EP10742859 A EP 10742859A EP 10742859 A EP10742859 A EP 10742859A EP 2486179 A1 EP2486179 A1 EP 2486179A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carbon fiber
layer
felt
composite material
material according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10742859A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sebastian Kapaun
Oswin ÖTTINGER
Elmar Eber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SGL Carbon SE
Original Assignee
SGL Carbon SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SGL Carbon SE filed Critical SGL Carbon SE
Publication of EP2486179A1 publication Critical patent/EP2486179A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
    • D04H1/4242—Carbon fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • C04B35/83—Carbon fibres in a carbon matrix
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/008—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of an organic adhesive, e.g. phenol resin or pitch
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4374—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/593—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives to layered webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C7/00—Heating or cooling textile fabrics
    • D06C7/04—Carbonising or oxidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208—Fibers
    • C04B2235/526—Fibers characterised by the length of the fibers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208—Fibers
    • C04B2235/5264—Fibers characterised by the diameter of the fibers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
    • C04B2235/77—Density
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32—Ceramic
    • C04B2237/38—Fiber or whisker reinforced
    • C04B2237/385—Carbon or carbon composite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/70—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness
    • C04B2237/704—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness of one or more of the ceramic layers or articles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/24983—Hardness

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composite material and more particularly to a high temperature resistant composite material.
  • thermal insulation in high temperature applications such as thermal insulation in high temperature furnaces
  • materials based on carbon are often used because of their high heat stability and their chemical inertness to the substances present in the furnace interior.
  • composite materials have already been proposed as thermal insulation in high-temperature applications, which comprise, for example, a layer of carbon fiber-reinforced carbon and a graphite foil.
  • the layer of carbon-fiber-reinforced carbon prevents heat loss due to heat conduction
  • the graphite foil has a reflective effect and therefore prevents heat loss due to thermal radiation.
  • this object is achieved by a composite material which comprises at least one layer of carbon fiber soft felt and at least one layer of carbon fiber hard felt, wherein the at least one layer of carbon fiber soft felt is bonded to the at least one layer of carbon fiber hard felt via a binder ,
  • this composite material due to the Combination soft felt hard felt compared to an existing solely hard felt material of the same size better heat insulating properties. Because of these properties, the composite material according to the invention is, inter alia, outstandingly suitable for use as thermal insulation in high-temperature furnaces. Due to its ease of processing, the composite material according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in the repair of existing thermal insulation based on hard felt, in which, for example, a part of an existing thermal insulation, which consists for example solely of hard felt, fit through the composite material according to the invention is replaced.
  • (carbon fiber) hard felt in accordance with the definition customary in the relevant field, refers to a felt which contains not only carbon fibers but also a matrix of binder, whereas (carbon fiber) soft felt is a felt which does not have a matrix or a felt contains no binder. Because of this soft felt is flexible, whereas hard felt is dimensionally stable.
  • carbon fibers are also generally understood as meaning fibers from carbonaceous starting materials in accordance with the definition customary in the relevant field of the art.
  • the at least one layer of carbon fiber soft felt is bonded to the at least one layer of carbon fiber hard felt via a binder.
  • a binder By this is meant here that the two layers are directly connected to each other due to the action of a binder, wherein the binder between the soft felt layer and the hard felt layer may be formed as an intermediate layer or the soft felt layer and the hard felt layer connected to each other by at the interfaces of the adjacent felt layers binder can be without between the two felt layers an intermediate layer of binder must be formed.
  • it is preferably a large-area connection, ie the two felt layers are connected to each other at least substantially over their entire contact surface by a binder.
  • the contact surface of the two felt layers is preferably formed by a respective flat side of the felt layers. Since the two flat sides are never completely or ideally planar, in reality the two flat sides will not touch each other over the entire surface, but touch over a multiplicity of contact areas. In this case, preferably at least substantially all areas of contact are connected to one another via a binder.
  • binders for this purpose, all binders can be used which can firmly connect a hard felt layer and a soft felt layer, particular preference being given to carbonaceous binders and very particularly preferably those selected from the group consisting of phenolic resins, pitches, furan resins, phenyl esters, epoxy resins and Any mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned compounds can be used.
  • a binder selected from the aforementioned group is used, which contains flat-formed particles of natural graphite and / or expanded graphite, where "flat particles” are here understood to mean particles having a larger dimension in the surface ( Diameter) as the thickness.
  • the mean diameter of the particles may, for example, be between 1 and 250 ⁇ m and preferably between 5 and 55 ⁇ m.
  • Such binders have a high degree of anisotropy, wherein the heat conduction is only slightly pronounced over the interface between the adjacent layers because the flat anisotropic particles align themselves parallel to the adjacent material layers.
  • These binders are then cured thermally and / or chemically, wherein the chemical curing can be achieved for example by acid addition and the thermal curing, for example at a temperature of at least 50 ° C and preferably at 100 to 200 ° C. can be. After curing, optional carbonation or graphitization may be performed.
  • the at least one layer of carbon fiber soft felt can have any desired layer thickness.
  • good results are obtained especially in view of excellent heat-insulating properties and good workability of the composite material when the at least one layer of carbon fiber soft felt has a thickness between 1 and 100 mm, preferably between 1 and 50 mm and more preferably between 2 mm and 20 mm.
  • the present invention is not particularly limited.
  • the at least one layer of carbon fiber soft felt has a density between 0.01 and 1 g / cm 3 , preferably between 0.05 and 0.5 g / cm 3 and more preferably between 0.08 and 0.15 g / cm 3 .
  • the at least one layer of carbon fiber soft felt has a basis weight between 50 and 10,000 g / m 2 , more preferably between 100 and 5,000 g / m 2 and most preferably between 200 and 1,500 g / m 2 .
  • the carbon fibers of the at least one soft felt layer have a length between 0.1 and 500 mm, preferably between 1 and 250 mm and particularly preferably between 40 and 100 mm.
  • the carbon fibers of the at least one soft felt layer have a fineness between 0.1 and 100 dtex, preferably between 0.5 and 25 dtex and particularly preferably between 1 and 5 dtex.
  • the carbon fiber soft felt layer can be made by entangling fibers of suitable starting materials by felts before the felt is carbonized or optionally graphitized.
  • the carbonization is preferably carried out at a temperature of at least 600 ° C and at most 1, 500 ° C, whereas the optional graphitization is preferably carried out at a temperature between 2,000 ° C and 2,500 ° C.
  • the implementation of graphitization is particularly preferred when the composite material produced using the soft felt layer should be particularly stable or inert to chemicals, in particular to molecular oxygen.
  • the carbonation or graphitization can also be carried out as a final step of composite production, namely only after the individual layers of the composite have been arranged one above the other.
  • the carbon fiber soft felt layer can also be prepared by first carbonizing or graphitizing fibers of suitable starting materials before the carbon fibers thus obtained are felted.
  • fibers of any carbonaceous material can be used as the starting fibers, provided that this can be carbonized by a heat treatment to carbon or graphitized to graphite.
  • Cellulosic fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers (PAN fibers), peroxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers (PANOX fibers) and pitch fibers have proven particularly suitable for this purpose.
  • PAN fibers polyacrylonitrile fibers
  • PANOX fibers peroxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers
  • pitch fibers Preferably monofin lamente from a material, for example, exclusively polyacrylonitrile, used.
  • a fiber mixture for example a mixture of polyacrylonitrile fibers and of cellulose fibers, or bifilaments, ie fibers which, for example in the form of a core-shell structure, contain both polyacrylonitrile and cellulose.
  • the at least one layer of carbon fiber hard felt preferably also has a layer thickness of between 1 and 100 mm, preferably between 1 and 50 mm and particularly preferably between 2 mm and 20 mm.
  • the at least one layer of carbon fiber hard felt have a density between 0.02 and 2 g / cm 3 , more preferably between 0.1 and 1.0 g / cm 3 and most preferably between 0 , 15 and 0.3 g / cm 3 .
  • the basis weight of the at least one layer of carbon fiber hard felt is between 200 and 50,000 g / m 2 and more preferably between 3,000 and 10,000 g / m 2 .
  • the length and the fineness of the carbon fibers contained in the at least one hard felt layer preferably correspond substantially to the values mentioned above with respect to the soft felt layer.
  • the length of the fibers of the at least one hard felt layer is preferably between 0.1 and 500 mm, more preferably between 1 and 250 mm and most preferably between 3 and 100 mm
  • the fineness of the fibers of the at least one hard felt layer is preferably between 0.1 and 100 dtex, more preferably between 0.5 and 25 dtex, and most preferably between 1 and 5 dtex.
  • the at least one layer of carbon fiber hard felt may contain any suitable carbon-containing binder, provided that it can be carbonized by a heat treatment to carbon or graphitized to graphite.
  • binders for the hard felt layer have been found to be carbonaceous binders selected from the group consisting of phenolic resins, pitches, furan resins, phenyl esters, epoxy resins and any mixtures of two or more of the foregoing.
  • the at least one hard felt layer is composed so that this measured according to DIN 29971 flexural strength between 0.1 and 20 MPa, preferably between 0.2 and 5 MPa and more preferably between 0.5 and 1, 5 MPa.
  • a carbon fiber soft felt may be impregnated with a suitable binder, in particular with a binder selected from the group consisting of phenolic resins, pitches, furan resins, phenyl esters, epoxy resins and any mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned compounds this is carbonized or graphitized under the conditions mentioned above in relation to the production of the soft felt layer.
  • a binder selected from the group consisting of phenolic resins, pitches, furan resins, phenyl esters, epoxy resins and any mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned compounds this is carbonized or graphitized under the conditions mentioned above in relation to the production of the soft felt layer.
  • Cellulosic fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, peroxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers, pitch fibers or any mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned fibers are also preferably used as the starting fibers.
  • the at least one layer of carbon fiber hard felt may also be made by blending cellulose fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, peroxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers and / or pitch fibers with binder, then pressing the fibers and then carbonizing or graphitizing.
  • a felt mixture which has been cured, for example, by pressing, vacuum application, treatment in a heating chamber, treating in a drying chamber, treating in an autoclave or chemically by adding a hardener is used, which after arranging the individual layers the composite can be carbonized and / or graphitized together with the other layers of the composite.
  • the present invention is not limited.
  • the composite material may have only one soft felt layer and one hard felt layer, or may have two, three or more soft felt and hard felt layers, respectively.
  • the composite material according to the invention may equally well have a different number of soft felt layers and hard felt layers, for example a soft felt layer and two or more hard felt layers or a hard felt layer and two or more soft felt layers.
  • at least one hard felt layer is connected to at least one soft felt layer over a large area via a binder, although it is preferred that all adjacent hard and soft felt layers are each connected to each other over a large area via a binder.
  • the composite material is symmetrical with respect to the arrangement of the hard felt and soft felt layers.
  • the composite material may comprise a central layer of carbon fiber hard felt, which is surrounded on both sides by a layer of carbon fiber soft felt, wherein the two layers of carbon fiber soft felt are each connected to the layer of carbon fiber hard felt via a binder.
  • a complementary structure ie a composite material with a central layer of carbon fiber soft felt, which is surrounded on both sides by a layer of carbon fiber hard felt, wherein the two layers of carbon fiber hard felt with the layer of carbon fiber soft felt are each connected via a binder.
  • the aforementioned composite materials can consist of these arrangements, ie have no further layers, or have additional layers of other material, for example one or more graphite foils and / or one or more layers of carbon-fiber-reinforced carbon.
  • the outer layers are each surrounded by a further, complementary felt layer.
  • the composite material can have, in addition to at least one soft felt layer and at least one hard felt layer, one or more further layers which are composed, for example, of carbon fiber reinforced carbon and / or graphite foil.
  • these further layer (s) are applied to one of the outermost layers of the composite or on the two outermost layers of the composite and bonded thereto via a binder.
  • at least one intermediate layer of such a material may be provided between individual felt layers, provided that at least a soft felt layer with at least one hard felt layer directly, ie without intermediate layer (apart from binder) is connected.
  • the composite material comprises a central layer of carbon fiber hard felt, which is surrounded on both sides by a layer of carbon fiber soft felt, on the two outer layers of carbon fiber soft felt each outside a graphite foil and / or a layer of carbon fiber reinforced carbon.
  • the composite has a central layer of carbon fiber soft felt, which is surrounded on both sides by a layer of carbon fiber hard felt, on the two outer layers of carbon fiber hard felt each outside a graphite foil and / / or a layer of carbon fiber reinforced carbon.
  • At least one graphite foil is provided in the composite material according to the invention, this preferably has a layer thickness between 0.1 and 3 mm and particularly preferably between 0.3 and 1 mm.
  • Such a graphite foil has a high reflectivity and gives the composite in particular a good barrier property, especially against gas passage.
  • the graphite foil consists of natural graphite and / or consists of expanded graphite.
  • the density of the graphite foil is 0.1 to 1.5 g / cm 3 .
  • a densely rolled graphite foil is used, which has a density of about 1, 0 g / cm 3 .
  • less densely rolled graphite foils such as, for example, those having a density of about 0.3 g / cm 3 .
  • the at least one layer of carbon fiber reinforced carbon (CFC) as an optional component of the composite is composed of a carbon matrix containing carbon fibers.
  • the carbon fibers may, as is preferred, be continuous fibers or, less preferably, staple fibers having, for example, a length between 5 and 250 mm, preferably between 10 and 100 mm and more preferably between 50 and 100 mm.
  • the carbon fibers of the CFC layer are formed in the form of a fabric.
  • the carbon fibers of the CFC layer are in the form of a ply, wherein the individual fibers of the ply may be unidirectionally or multi-axially arranged.
  • the at least one CFC layer has a layer thickness between 0.1 and 1 mm. Good conductivity results are obtained, in particular, when the at least one CFC layer has a density between 0.4 and 3 g / cm 3 , more preferably between 0.8 and 2.0 g / cm 3, and most preferably between 1, 0 and 1, 5 g / cm 3 .
  • carbonaceous materials especially those selected from the group consisting of phenolic resins, pitches, furan resins, phenyl esters, epoxy resins and any mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned compounds, can be used, whereas as starting material for the carbon fibers preferably pitch, or more preferably polyacrylonitrile or peroxidized polyacrylonitrile. is set. Also, fiber blends of the above materials or bifilaments of two or more of the above raw materials may be used.
  • the matrix may have a basis weight of 100 to 1, 500 g / m 2 .
  • Such CFC layers can be prepared, for example, by carbonizing or graphitizing peroxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers and / or pitch fibers, then processing the carbon fibers thus obtained into a fabric or scrim, which is subsequently impregnated with a binder before the thus obtained Finally, the structure is heat-treated or optionally carbonized and / or graphitized.
  • Carbon-containing compounds may be used as binders, preference being again given to those selected from the group consisting of phenolic resins, pitches, furan resins, phenyl esters, epoxy resins and any desired mixtures of two or more of the abovementioned compounds.
  • the composite materials according to the invention can be used in particular in heat shields, in thermal insulation, in kiln installations or in other high-temperature applications, for example in foundries. Due to its ease of processing, the composite material according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in the repair of existing thermal insulation, in which, for example, a part of an existing thermal insulation, which for example consists solely of hard felt, is accurately replaced by the composite material according to the invention.
  • the composite materials according to the invention can be formed in any desired form.
  • these may have a flat, in particular plate-shaped form, or have a round cross-section, ie cylindrical be configured or tubular. Apart from that, however, they can also be present in other forms including geometrically complex shapes.
  • a further subject matter of the present invention is a method for producing a composite material described above, which comprises the following steps: a) providing at least one layer of carbon fiber soft felt, b) providing at least one layer of carbon fiber hard felt and c) joining the at least one layer of carbon fiber soft felt with the at least one layer of carbon fiber hard felt by means of a binder.
  • the at least one layer of carbon fiber hard felt can be produced, for example, by impregnating carbon fiber soft felt with a binder and subsequent heat treatment.
  • the at least one layer of carbon fiber hard felt in step b) can be prepared by mixing fibers with a binder, pressing the mixture thus obtained, and then subjecting it to thermal treatment.
  • the process according to the invention can comprise, as process step d), the application of at least one graphite foil and / or at least one layer of carbon-fiber-reinforced carbon to at least one of the carbon fiber felt layers.
  • a layer of carbon-fiber-reinforced carbon for example, (peroxidized) polyacrylonitrile fibers and / or pitch fibers can be carbonized or graphitized, then the carbon fibers thus obtained can be made into a fabric or fabric, which closing with a binder selected from the group consisting of phenolic resins, pitches, furan resins, phenyl esters, epoxy resins and any mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned compounds is impregnated before the resulting structure is optionally carbonized and / or graphitized.
  • a binder selected from the group consisting of phenolic resins, pitches, furan resins, phenyl esters, epoxy resins and any mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned compounds is impregnated before the resulting structure is optionally carbonized and / or graphitized.
  • the composite material can be hardened one on top of another, which can be done for example by pressing, by vacuum application, by treatment in a heating chamber, by treatment in a drying chamber, by treatment in an autoclave or chemically by adding a hardener.
  • the composite material can finally be carbonized and / or graphitized.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a composite material according to the invention according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a composite material according to the invention according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a composite according to the invention according to a third embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a composite material according to the invention according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a composite material according to the invention according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a composite material according to the invention according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the composite material 10 shown in Figure 1 consists of a central layer of hard felt 12, on whose opposite sides in each case one
  • Layer of soft felt 14, 14 ' is arranged, wherein the individual layers 12, 14, 14' in each case over a binder (not shown) are interconnected over a large area.
  • the binder may be provided as an intermediate layer between two delimiting felt layers 12, 14 and 12, 14 '.
  • the binder may originate from the contact surfaces of the delimiting felt layers 12, 14, 14 '.
  • the individual layers are constructed to be complementary to those of the composite shown in Figure 1, i. this consists of a central layer of soft felt
  • the composite material shown in FIG. 3 differs from that shown in FIG. 2 in that on the two layers of hard felt 12, 12 ', on the outside, in each case one further layer of soft felt 14', 14 "is arranged.
  • the composites shown in Figures 4 to 6 correspond to those shown in Figures 1 to 3, except that on the outer felt layers 14, 14 'and 12, 12' and 14 ', 14 "respectively a graphite foil 16, 16' or a layer of carbon fiber reinforced carbon 18, 18 'is arranged, which may be connected to the respective underlying felt layer by a binder.
  • a graphite foil 16, 16' or a layer of carbon fiber reinforced carbon 18, 18 ' is arranged, which may be connected to the respective underlying felt layer by a binder.
  • the composites according to the invention may also have any other shape, such as a cylindrical or tubular shape.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un matériau composite comprenant au moins une couche en feutre souple de fibres de carbone et au moins une couche en feutre dur de fibres de carbone, la couche en feutre souple de fibres de carbone étant liée à la couche en feutre dur de fibres de carbone par un liant.
EP10742859A 2009-10-06 2010-08-18 Matériau composite en feutre souple de fibres de carbone et feutre dur de fibres de carbone Withdrawn EP2486179A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009048422A DE102009048422A1 (de) 2009-10-06 2009-10-06 Verbundwerkstoff aus Carbonfaser-Weichfilz und Carbonfaser-Hartfilz
PCT/EP2010/062051 WO2011042246A1 (fr) 2009-10-06 2010-08-18 Matériau composite en feutre souple de fibres de carbone et feutre dur de fibres de carbone

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2486179A1 true EP2486179A1 (fr) 2012-08-15

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EP10742859A Withdrawn EP2486179A1 (fr) 2009-10-06 2010-08-18 Matériau composite en feutre souple de fibres de carbone et feutre dur de fibres de carbone

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US (1) US20120219778A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2486179A1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20120093926A (fr)
CN (1) CN102575400A (fr)
DE (1) DE102009048422A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011042246A1 (fr)

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CN109505132A (zh) * 2018-12-29 2019-03-22 湖南九华碳素高科有限公司 一种用于制作碳纤维硬质复合毡的浸渍方法
CN110239159A (zh) * 2019-06-12 2019-09-17 安徽天富环保科技材料有限公司 一种碳毡及其制备方法
CN110682622A (zh) * 2019-11-12 2020-01-14 湖南省和祥润新材料有限公司 一种由纤维增强体增强的气凝胶材料及其制备方法
CN110698169B (zh) * 2019-11-21 2021-09-07 哈尔滨工业大学 一种耐高温石英纤维针刺毡/酚醛树脂复合材料炭化衍生物的制备方法
CN111409321B (zh) * 2020-03-31 2022-03-11 山东众途复合材料有限公司 一种具有密度梯度的碳纤维硬毡的制备方法
CN111424421B (zh) * 2020-05-08 2022-07-22 杭州幄肯新材料科技有限公司 一种碳纤维复合毡及其增强聚合物复合材料导热导电性能的方法
CN114213135B (zh) * 2021-12-24 2022-12-16 佛山市石金科技有限公司 一种碳化硅单晶生长炉保温硬质毡的制备方法
CN115387131B (zh) * 2022-07-20 2023-07-25 江苏米格新材料股份有限公司 一种硬质碳纤维毡复合涂层及其制备方法
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CN102575400A (zh) 2012-07-11
DE102009048422A1 (de) 2011-04-07
US20120219778A1 (en) 2012-08-30
WO2011042246A1 (fr) 2011-04-14
KR20120093926A (ko) 2012-08-23

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