Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
  • C25B1/01—Products
  • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
  • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
  • C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
  • C25B9/01—Electrolytic cells characterised by shape or form
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Definitions

• Electrolytic reaction system for the production of gaseous hydrogen and oxygen
• the invention relates to an electrolytic reaction system for the production of gaseous hydrogen and oxygen, as indicated in claim 1 or 2.
• the invention relates in particular to a system for the highly efficient generation of gaseous hydrogen and oxygen by means of an electrolysis process in a reaction or resonance chamber, wherein the aim of optimal utilization of the electrical energy used for splitting water into gaseous hydrogen and oxygen pursued and achieved becomes.
• the invention relates to the use of these gases, in particular to the use of the energy carrier hydrogen for chemical burns or oxidation.
• water is decomposed by electrolysis into gaseous hydrogen and oxygen, whereupon the chemical energy source hydrogen is converted by a combustion process into thermal energy or into kinetic energy.
• the decomposition of water into the gases mentioned takes place with a positive or as good as possible energy balance.
• this electrolysis process can produce large amounts of electrolytically generated gaseous hydrogen and oxygen within relatively short periods of time.
• the technology according to the invention reduces the electrical energy used or required, which is required for splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen, to a minimum in order to achieve or to achieve the best possible or positive energy balance in the production of the chemical energy carrier to achieve an economical and environmentally friendly use of the gaseous fuel hydrogen or the thermal or kinetic energy obtained therefrom.
• the inventive technique was created with the aim, preferably from naturally occurring water or from aqueous, electrolytic solutions, hydrogen gas and
• a consumer in an amount that allows the generated chemical energy carrier hydrogen without bulky or technically complex intermediate storage a consumer, in particular a utilization device or a conversion lungsvoriques to provide.
• the corresponding utilization device then converts this chemical energy carrier or fuel through a combustion process into the respectively required form of energy, in particular into thermal or kinetic energy or also into electrical energy.
• the inventively obtained chemical energy source in the form of hydrogen gas in particular the gaseous hydrogen in conjunction with the gaseous oxygen, thereby enabling a use or energy conversion without the usually occurring emission levels in the combustion of fossil fuels.
• the system according to the invention in addition to the energy form desired in each case, only water vapor or condensed water and other trace elements are formed.
• the by-products of the thermal combustion of hydrogen gas, especially when using its energy, are known to be much more environmentally friendly compared to fossil fuels.
• the primary waste product from the combustion process of hydrogen is simply water vapor or water, which can easily be released into the environment. This waste product is purer than many other water resources or the electrolytically produced oxygen is purer or more concentrated than the other air in the environment.
• the system according to the invention and the method according to the invention are the result of numerous test series and experiments with various constructions and modes of operation of these assemblies for hydrogen production on the principle of electrolysis, which has been known in terms of its physical principles for more than about a century.
• the electrolysis of water is a fundamentally very simple, known principle, in which by two or more electrodes located in an electrolyte or water bath and by applying electrical energy, in particular DC voltage, the splitting of water into gaseous hydrogen and oxygen accomplished becomes.
• This process is basically nothing new.
• the known processes are relatively inefficient, since they required significantly more primary energy for the splitting than was available later by the use of the thermal or chemical energy of the gas produced or by a combustion process of the gas produced. It has been so far achieved a fairly negative or poor energy balance.
• such a large amount of electric power had to be supplied that the resulting advantages were not noticeable or disappeared after electric energy is generated to a large extent from the combustion of fossil fuels. From an environmental point of view, therefore, the systems known from the prior art have yielded no outstanding advantages. For this reason, the use of hydrogen and its energy potential in practice has never or only in very limited application areas prevailed.
• the technology according to the invention now makes it possible to provide the gaseous hydrogen and oxygen in the respectively required amount with a specific structure or with special measures from water or from solutions based on water, ie without large-volume or technically complex intermediate storage to provide needs responsive and responsive.
• a positive energy balance is achieved and ensures the generation of chemical energy with minimal use of primary energy.
• the ultimately generated thermal or thermal energy which is obtained from the emission-free combustion of hydrogen and oxygen, is very versatile.
• this electrolysis system or the specified device for energy conversion is easy to control and classify the system according to the invention as very safe.
• the present invention is based on the object to provide an improved, electrolytic reaction system.
• an electrolytic system for the decomposition of water or aqueous solutions in gaseous hydrogen and oxygen is sought, which has the highest possible efficiency and the highest possible efficiency in terms of the amount of electrical energy supplied and the generated or converted, chemical or thermal or kinetic energy amount.
• this provides an improved, electrolytic reaction system which provides relatively high amounts of electrolytically recovered, gaseous hydrogen and oxygen within relatively short process times.
• the electrolysis system according to the invention can be constructed relatively inexpensively and thus has a high efficiency and allows a practical use.
• Another advantage is also a development according to claim 3, as a result of a fluidically favorable body shape and orientation is created to defined or directed
• an embodiment according to claim 4 is advantageous because it is a kind of container-in-container arrangement, which also favors the performance of the electrolysis process.
• this provides a division into a container for the electrolyte and electrode receptacle and into a container or chamber arrangement surrounding this container for receiving the said components and for accumulating the resulting gases.
• a development according to claim 5 is advantageous, since the largest possible Ausgasungsquerites present, resulting in the shortest possible Ausgasungszeit and contributes to an as intense as possible outgassing.
• a receptacle for the electrolyte is provided, which offers an unhindered or generous overflow for the electrolyte fluid and / or for the optionally resulting electrolyte foam.
• an electrolyte foam is formed on the electrolyte liquid, in particular on the surface of the electrolyte bath, and in some cases hinders the outgassing of the gas components in the electrolyte.
• electrolyte liquid can be supplied and / or removed continuously or discontinuously with respect to the receiving container, the excess amount of electrolyte liquid being able to drain off again in a waterfall manner over the upper edge of the receiving container and optionally after a cleaning and / or cooling and / or conditioning process.
• Electrolyte tank can be supplied again.
• the electromagnetic field of the at least one electromagnetic coil has a favorable effect on the decomposition process.
• the mechanical vibrations arising in the at least one electromagnetic coil are introduced as directly as possible directly onto the electrolyte or onto the electrode arrangement.
• the detachment process of the gas bubbles from the electrodes or the outgassing process from the electrolyte is improved or accelerated.
• the electrode arrangement is assigned or facing only one side or only one pole of the electromagnetic coil, in particular the south or north pole.
• the north pole side of the electromagnetic coil is assigned to the upper side of the electrode arrangement next to it.
• the embodiment according to claim 10 or 11 describes an advantageous or particularly effective embodiment of the electromagnetic coil.
• the effectiveness or overall performance of the electrolytic reaction system can be favorably influenced.
• Another advantage is the measure according to claim 12, as a highly efficient separation of the water molecules in the respective gases, namely in hydrogen and oxygen, is achieved.
• Of particular advantage is also an embodiment according to claim 13, as this supports the electrolytic process and is made much more efficient.
• the pulsating power supply of the electromagnetic coil is a periodic or aperiodic switching off of the coil, whereby the magnetic field at least partially or completely collapses and a much stronger magnetic field with reversed polarity or orientation is triggered.
• the renewed activation of the energy supply triggers then a much stronger field, since the successive fields with each pulse at least partially add or accumulate until a maximum field strength is reached. Due to the reversal effect of the magnetic fields after each shutdown of the energy supply, the molecules of the electrolyte are vibrated in such a way that an unstable or almost unstable molecular status is achieved and the splitting or the conversion into the gaseous states, namely into gaseous hydrogen and oxygen, Optimized.
• the embodiment according to claim 14 is also advantageous, since the electrodes of the electrode arrangement are additionally caused to oscillate due to the alternating magnetic fields, which results in a more rapid detachment of the adhering gas bubbles.
• the electric or electrostatic field between the annodic and cathodic electrodes is thus superimposed on an electromagnetic field which is generated by at least one coil arranged above and / or below the electrodes.
• the magnetic field, in particular the electrical energy supply of the at least one electromagnetic coil, in comparison to the electric field of the electrode arrangement or compared to the energy supply for the electrode arrangement is dimensioned relatively low frequency.
• the ratio between the relatively low Frequency power supply for the electromagnetic coil and the relatively high-frequency power supply for the electrode assembly in about 1: 1000.
• the means for swirling the electrolyte or for establishing a flow in the electrolyte can be achieved by the electrolyte itself and / or by adding gaseous media, for example air or nitrogen.
• gaseous media for example air or nitrogen.
• the foreign gas density in particular the proportion of gases injected or introduced into the electrolyte per defined electrolyte volume, is thereby kept low or homogenized, thereby keeping the electrolysis power high.
• Another embodiment for shortening the Ausgasungs lawsuit from the liquid and to intensify the contact between the electrolyte and the electrode plates is achieved by the measures according to claim 18. But also by the measures according to claim 19, the outgassing effect or the outgassing performance of the electrolytic reaction system is improved.
• the passage of the electrolyte can be effected by a forced supply or refilling of electrolyte fluid and / or caused or initiated or co-determined by the volume expansion of the electrolyte fluid during the electrolysis process
• this creates a relatively homogeneous or uniform electrolyte overflow, so that the most intensive possible outgassing or separation between the electrolyte liquid and the electrolyte liquid it contained gases or gas bubbles is achieved. This is made possible, inter alia, by the relatively large-area spread of the electrolyte fluid.
• an embodiment according to claim 21 is also advantageous since it always provides an intensive outgassing or a sufficiently large gas space. Furthermore, an emergence of overpressure in the reaction chamber or an exceeding of a defined pressure value can be avoided. In particular, a specific pressure level within the reaction chamber is thereby maintained, after the electrolysis-related expansion of the electrolyte liquid is compensated or at least approximately compensated by a defined discharge of electrolysis liquid. In particular, it remains within the reactor tion chamber received a defined Ausgasungsvolumen or a defined gas pressure in the gas space of the reaction chamber is not exceeded.
• Another advantage is also an embodiment according to claim 22, as this gas components, which are contained in the overflowing or derived electrolyte, are retained in the system and thus virtually not lost.
• a turbulence or flow in the electrolyte container is built up by the return of the electrolyte, through which the outflow or separation of the gas components from the liquid electrolyte is improved or accelerated.
• Another major advantage is that it involves a simple regulation of the electrolyte fluid. In particular, this can be achieved in a simple manner, a cooling or temperature limitation for the electrolyte liquid.
• the corresponding cooling process is to be accomplished by relatively low supply of energy, since the usual ambient temperatures usually sufficient to keep the electrolyte liquid at a favorable for the electrolysis process temperature level or in a satisfactory temperature range.
• An advantageous temperature range is when the electrolyte fluid in a temperature range below 60 ° C, preferably in a temperature range between 20 ° C to 50 ° C, in particular between 28 ° C to 43 ° C is maintained.
• a cooling and / or fluidization of the electrolyte liquid is achieved and, consequently, the outgassing rate and / or the outgassing efficiency with respect to electrolytically generated gas fractions in the electrolyte fluid is increased.
• a simple regulation of the fuel or energy value of the gas mixture in the electrolytic reaction system is achieved.
• its energy level or calorific value, in particular its combustion rate can be adjusted in such a way that trouble-free combustion in standard consumers, e.g. in internal combustion engines or heating devices.
• the supplied gases thus achieve a double effect or a multiple effect, wherein the cumulative effects have a surprisingly high positive level.
• a further advantageous embodiment is specified in claim 27.
• the negative pressure which is built up by a consumer or by his unit such as a vacuum pump or a charging device for the combustion chamber (eg a turbocharger), is also used to assist the gasification in the electrolytic reaction system . to accelerate.
• the respective negative pressure, which is built up by the respective consumer or by his fuel supply can be kept by any known from the prior art regulatory measures in a certain, regarded as optimal area.
• An advantageous embodiment can also be achieved by the measures according to claim 28 and / or 29. In particular, this creates a favorable flow or establishes a defined flow direction in the electrolyte, which extends from the lower end sections of the electrodes in the direction of the upper end sections.
• the gap volumes between the outer electrodes can thereby be made equal or approximately equal compared to the gap volumes between centric or further internal electrode pairs.
• the measures according to claim 32 are advantageous since, with relatively low electric power or with a relatively low magnetic field strength, at least individual electrodes of the electrode arrangement can thereby be forced into mechanical vibration. In particular, this is in a simple manner, the separation efficiency or Outgassing rate increased and thus increased the efficiency of the electrolytic reaction system as a whole.
• the measures according to claim 33 are advantageous since, even with relatively weak electromagnetic field strengths, a relatively intense mechanical oscillation can thereby be generated at least at individual electrodes of the electrode arrangement.
• flow or overflow channels are thereby created, which additionally improve the outgassing of the gas bubbles from the electrolyte fluid.
• the measures according to claim 34 are also advantageous, since zones are defined in which a comparatively strong or intensive electromagnetic field is present and further zones are created in which the intensity of this field is comparatively lower.
• a favorable ratio between the angular extent of the partial windings and the intermediate winding clearances is created.
• a suitable number of partial windings distributed over the ring circumference of the electromagnetic coil is thereby created.
• the measures according to claim 37 since thereby the magnetic field strength or the magnetic flux density varies or alternately increases and decreases in the circumferential direction of the toroidal coil. This has a positive effect on the abolition of the binding forces between the atoms of the electrolyte, in particular of a water molecule, whereby the electrolytic performance of the given reaction system is improved.
• the measures according to claim 38 are advantageous, since thereby the magnetic field lines can act in concentrated form on the electrode arrangement and on the electrolyte.
• Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the electrolytic reaction system, which illustrates a plurality of technical execution or training opportunities;
• Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the electrolytic
• FIG. 3 shows an illustration of an electrode arrangement with star-shaped, plate-shaped electrodes in plan view
• FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of a star-shaped electrode arrangement comprising wedge-shaped or sector-shaped, plate-shaped electrodes in plan view in cross section;
• Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of an electromagnetic coil as used in the electrolytic reaction system; a further embodiment of an electrolytic reaction system in longitudinal section; Fig. 7, the electrolytic reaction system of FIG. 6, cut according to the lines
• FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment of an electrode arrangement within an electrolytic reaction system in plan view
• FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment of an electromagnetic coil, as advantageously used in the electrolytic reaction system.
• Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the electrolytic reaction system 1 is illustrated in terms of its basic, technical structure. It is expressly stated that not all of the measures illustrated therein are included in the subject matter of the invention. Of course, individual training or process measures shown in FIG. 1 can also be transferred to the exemplary embodiments explained below.
• the specified electrolytic reaction system 1 serves to generate gaseous hydrogen and oxygen by using the electrolysis method.
• an electrolyte in particular water, or an aqueous electrolyte, in particular a mixture of water and a conductivity-increasing additive, such as sulfuric acid, split by an electrolytic process in gaseous hydrogen and gaseous oxygen by the electrolytic reaction system 1 transformed into a corresponding gas mixture.
• an electrolytic reaction system 1 comprises at least one reaction chamber 2 for receiving or storing an aqueous or water-based electrolyte, and at least one electrode arrangement 3, which is formed from a plurality of anodic and cathodic electrodes.
• the reaction chamber 2 is preferably formed by a substantially hollow cylindrical receptacle 4, in which at least one electrode assembly 3 is arranged.
• this electrode assembly 3 is formed by a plurality of star-shaped fanned, plate-shaped electrodes 5, 6. Adjacent electrode plates 5, 6 alternately form a cathode and anode. The successive, alternating polarity of the individual electrodes 5, 6 for the formation of successive cathodes and anodes is known in electrolytic systems.
• a thickness of the plate-like electrodes 5, 6 is 0.1 mm to 5 mm, preferably about 1 mm.
• a varying distance 9, 9 ' is present between adjacent electrode plates 5, 6 of the star-shaped or fan-shaped electrode arrangement 3. This varying distance 9, 9 'between immediately adjacent electrode plates 5, 6 results from the star-shaped or fan-shaped course of the individual plate-like electrodes 5, 6 with respect to a common, virtual fan axis 7 of this electrode arrangement 3.
• the individual electrode plates 5, 6 extend starting from the common, virtual fan axis 7, in the radial direction to the fan axis 7.
• the electrodes 5, 6 are thus aligned in a V-shape.
• an angle of spread 10 in particular a so-called center angle or a degree ⁇ , is present between directly adjacent electrode plates 5, 6, which depends on the number of pairs of electrode plates 5, 6 arranged in a circular or radial manner about the fan axis 7 , as can be clearly seen in FIG.
• the distance 9 between adjacent electrodes 5, 6 in an end section closest to the fan axis 7 is approximately 0.6 mm and the distance 9 'in the end section facing away from the fan axis 7 is approximately 4 mm.
• the star-shaped electrode assembly 3 is preferably circular with respect to their boundary. But it is also a polygonal outline contour conceivable.
• the star or fan-like electrode arrangement 3 is designed annular in plan view, as best seen in FIG. 3 can be seen.
• a cylindrical or tubular free position 11 can be formed around the fan axis 7, which can be completely filled with the electrolyte and / or at least partially function as a discharge space or as an overflow or drainage channel for excess or overflowing electrolyte fluid or for electrolyte foam, as will be explained in more detail below. That is to say, the individual electrode plates 5, 6 are preferably fanned out or arranged successively around the fan axis 7, while maintaining a defined radial spacing 12, and are oriented radially to the fan axis 7, as best seen in FIG. 3.
• such an electrode arrangement 3 embodies a substantially hollow-cylindrical body, as can be seen from a synopsis of FIGS. 2 and 3.
• this hollow-cylindrical electrode body has a multiplicity of electrode plates 5, 6 which are laminated in a lamellar manner but spaced from each other, differently poled, which run in a zealous or radiating manner around the common cylinder or fan axis 7.
• the individual plate-shaped electrodes 5, 6 represent, in plan view, virtually the imaginary rays of the star-shaped electrode arrangement 3 originating from the fan axis 7.
• the individual electrode plates 5, 6 have a uniform or constant thickness or thickness with respect to the opposing ones Flat sides of the plate electrodes.
• plate-shaped electrodes 5, 6 it is also possible to form in plan view of the electrode assembly 3 substantially circular sector-shaped electrodes 5, 6, in particular circular sector-shaped anodes and cathodes, as shown in FIG. 4 by way of example and schematically.
• Electrodes 5, 6, which are circular-sector-shaped in plan view or in cross-section, are likewise arranged around a common fan axis 7.
• the individual circular sector-shaped electrodes 5, 6 are preferably arranged at a radial distance 12 to the fan axis 7.
• a star-shaped or fan-shaped arrangement of the cross-section - as shown in FIG. 4 - circular sector-shaped or approximately circular sector-shaped electrode plates 5, 6 is provided.
• this electrode assembly 3 thus has a substantially hollow cylindrical body shape, after around the virtual or imaginary fan axis 7 vor- preferred zugt a cylindrical or tubular exemption 11 is provided.
• a distance 9 between adjacent electrodes 5, 6 with respect to different radial distances from the fan axis 7 remains constant or approximately constant, as can be seen in FIG. 4.
• At least one electromagnetic coil 13 is preferably at least above and / or below the electrode assembly 3, which is designed according to the star shape, arranged.
• the electromagnetic field built up by this electromagnetic coil 13 by application of electrical energy acts on the electrolyte and also on the electrode arrangement 3 in the reaction chamber 2. That is, the coil 13 is arranged such that the field lines of the electromagnetic field intersect the electrolyte as well as the anodic and cathodic electrodes 5, 6 of the electrode assembly 3.
• the at least one electrode assembly 3 is completely immersed in the electrolyte, which is preferably formed by water or by an aqueous solution.
• the at least one electromagnetic coil 13 is also arranged below a regular or minimal liquid level 14 for the electrolyte. That is, preferably, the electromagnetic coil 13 for generating an electromagnetic field is at least predominantly, preferably completely immersed in the electrolyte. This is important, on the one hand to put the electrolyte and on the other hand, at least indirectly, the anodic and cathodic electrodes 5, 6 in vibrations or high-frequency vibrations and thus the separation of gas bubbles at the electrodes 5, 6 and the outgassing of the hydrogen or To assist or accelerate oxygen bubbles from the liquid electrolyte.
• the electromagnetic field of the at least one coil 13 causes the anodic and cathodic electrodes 5, 6 of the electrode assembly 3 to vibrate in such a manner that a detachment of gas bubbles formed at the anodic and cathodic electrodes 5, 6, in particular the respective oxygen and Hydrogen bubbles, supported.
• the electromagnetic field of the at least one electromagnetic coil 13 causes ionization and amplification of the electrolytic process.
• the anodic and cathodic electrodes 5, 6 consist of a ferromagnetic material, in particular of a material that can be influenced by magnetic fields, such as, for example, ferrous metals and / or precious metals, for example the so-called Nirosta metal, or another, non-rusting steel.
• the gas release at the electrodes 5, 6 is amplified or accelerated.
• the effective area of the electrodes 5, 6 with respect to the electrolyte is kept as high as possible, so that the effectiveness or the productivity of the electrolytic process or of the electrode surfaces of the electrodes 5, 6 is kept high or maximized.
• the measures mentioned increase the conversion or decomposition work per unit of time, so that even with relatively small-volume or compactly structured reaction systems 1, high output capacities of hydrogen and oxygen gas or with respect to a corresponding gas mixture are achieved.
• the specified electrolytic reaction system 1 thus has a high reactivity or rapid reaction.
• a further electrode arrangement 3 'of a plurality of anodic and cathodic electrodes 5, 6 is arranged above the at least one electromagnetic coil 13.
• These further, above the electromagnetic coil 13 arranged electrode assembly 3 ' is preferably completely, especially as completely immersed in the liquid, in particular aqueous electrolyte within the reaction chamber 2.
• the electromagnetic fields of the energy-loaded electromagnetic coil 13 act on the electrodes 5, 6 of the below and / or above arranged electrode arrangement 3, 3 'vibrating or acts on the energy-loaded electromagnetic coil 13 also on the Electrolytes with vibrations or oscillations, so that a Gasblasenabreaches supported by the electrodes 5, 6 and a gas bubbles promotion in the electrolyte or is reinforced.
• the electromagnetic coil 13 below the electrode assembly 3 in particular to be arranged in the bottom section of the reaction chamber 2 or of the receptacle 4 accommodating the electrolyte.
• the electrode arrangement 3 is preferably arranged at a vertical distance from the bottom section or the bottom plate of the reaction chamber 2. As a result, a defined electrolyte volume is present underneath the electrode arrangement 3 or, as a result, a certain amount of electrolyte can accumulate below the electrode arrangement and a flow channel close to the floor can be formed below the electrode arrangement 3.
• An electromagnetic coil 13 'placed below the electrode arrangement 3 in the axial direction relative to the cylinder or vertical axis 8 is preferably likewise at a distance from the bottom section of the reaction chamber 2 in order to establish a flow structure in the electrolyte within the electrode arrangement 3 starting from the bottom section in a vertical upward direction , in particular in the direction of the gas space of the electrolytic reaction system 1 to allow. According to an advantageous embodiment, as it is from a synopsis of
• the at least one electromagnetic coil 13 in plan view is substantially annular.
• a center or center 15 of this toroidal electromagnetic coil 13 lies on or near the cylinder or vertical axis 8 of the receptacle 4 or on or near the fan axis 7 of the electrode denanssen 3. That is, the substantially disc-shaped center plane 16 the coil 12 is aligned transversely, in particular at right angles to the cylinder or vertical axis 8 and perpendicular to the fan axis 7, as best seen in FIG. 1 can be seen.
• a winding body 17 of the coil 13 is ring-shaped or toroidal.
• This winding body 17 is preferably formed of a non-magnetizable material, in particular of plastic or the like. That is to say that the electromagnetic coil 13 is preferably embodied without an iron core, in particular as an air coil.
• This winding body 17 carries at least one coil winding 18, which consists of a plurality of windings. gene, in particular consists of hundreds or thousands of turns, which are wound around the winding body 17.
• the individual turns of the coil winding 18 are aligned radially or substantially radially to the annular coil 13.
• the individual turns run in a circle or winding around the bead-like winding body 17, as best shown in FIG. 5.
• four partial windings 19, 19 ', 19 ", 19" are arranged distributed around the circumference of the winding body 17 or the coil 13 and wound in each case at a spacing from one another.
• three are each formed at 45 ° to the coil axis or
• an at least three-layered coil winding 18 is formed, the winding spacings 20, 20 ', 20 "of which follow one another in the circumferential direction of the toroidal coil 13 or are offset relative to one another.
• the at least one electromagnetic coil 13 is load-bearingly connected to the electrode arrangement 3 or supported load-bearingly relative to the electrode arrangement 3.
• the at least one electromagnetic coil 13, for example is not mechanically connected directly to the reaction chamber 2, but rather as directly as possible directly to the electrode arrangement 3.
• the electromagnetic coil 13 is accommodated in a hollow conical or funnel-like holding element, which holding element is supported on the upper side of the electrode arrangement 3.
• mechanical vibrations or vibrations of the electromagnetic coil 13 are transmitted to the electrode arrangement 3, and vice versa.
• the at least one electromagnetic coil 13 is fastened or supported load-bearingly on the upper side of the electrode arrangement 3 via a clamp-like support or holding device.
• the electrodes 5, 6 are expediently held or stored such that they can oscillate as freely as possible in the electrolyte bath.
• a one-sided or tongue-like support or storage is favorable.
• the individual anodic and cathodic electrodes 5, 6 of the electrode assembly 3 are supplied in a conventional manner by a first electrical energy source 21 with electrical energy.
• the first energy source 21 is preferably designed for the pulsating energy supply of the anodic and cathodic electrodes 5, 6.
• the at least one electromagnetic coil 13 is supplied with electrical energy by a further electrical energy source 22.
• the further electrical energy source 22 is designed for the pulsating energy supply of the at least one electromagnetic coil 13.
• the first energy source 21 and the further energy source 22 preferably feed the electrodes 5, 6 or the coil 13 in each case with pulsating direct voltage with varying amplitude height and defined pulse intervals between the individual voltage or energy pulses.
• the energy sources 21, 22 are preferably formed by electrical energy converters, in particular by converter circuits or by signal generators, as are well known from the prior art.
• the respective energy sources 21, 22 are generated from a public power grid or preferably from a DC power source, in particular from an electrochemical power source, such as a DC power source. an accumulator, fed with electrical energy.
• the electrical energy supplier for the energy sources 21, 22 is formed by an accumulator, in particular by at least one lead-acid battery with a terminal voltage of 12V or 24V.
• the energy supplier can be formed by the 12V / 24V electrical system of a motor vehicle.
• a power frequency of the first power source 21 for powering the anodic and cathodic electrodes 5, 6 compared to a power frequency of the second power source 22 for powering the at least an electromagnetic coil 13 is selected such that the electrolytic reaction system 1 operates at least temporarily near or at its resonant frequency.
• the respective energy frequencies of the first energy source 21 and the further energy source 22 are matched to one another such that the electrolytic system operates in a resonant or quasi-resonant state and thereby offers a highly efficient or highly efficient chemical decomposition of the electrolyte into gaseous hydrogen and oxygen.
• the extent or the efficiency of the detachment of the respective gas bubbles from the anodic and cathodic electrodes 5, 6 are significantly influenced.
• the action of the electrical or electromagnetic fields in the reaction chamber 2 on the one hand supports or accelerates the electrolytic decomposition process.
• a vibration or oscillation is generated by the electromagnetic coupling of forces or vibrations in the electrolyte and / or in the metallic, in particular ferromagnetic, electrodes 5, 6, which the gas separation and thus the Zerönspp. Splitting process favors.
• the pulse frequency of the first energy source 21 for supplying the anodic and cathodic electrodes 5, 6 is thereby many times higher than the pulse or energy frequency of the second energy source 22 for supplying the at least one electromagnetic coil 13.
• the supply frequency of the first energy source 21 is in Compared to the supply frequency of the second energy source 22 at least a hundred times to about the ten thousand or a hundred thousand times, preferably in about a thousand times.
• the frequency ratio between the electrical power supply for the electrode assembly 3 and the electrical power supply for the at least one electromagnetic coil 13 is thus preferably approximately 1000: 1.
• the energy frequency for the coil 13 is approximately 30 Hz and the energy frequency for the anodic and cathodic electrodes 5, 6 is approximately 30 kHz.
• other base or frequency values can also be set or generated at the energy sources 21, 22.
• a voltage level of the first energy source 21 for supplying the anodic and cathodic electrodes 5, 6 can be several 100 V or several 1000 V, in particular up to 50 kV, but preferably less than 10 kV.
• the respective voltage or frequency values are primarily dependent on the structural arrangement and the geometrical dimensions of the respective components within the reaction chamber 2 and can be adjusted or adjusted empirically or within the scope of the expert's skill.
• At least one inlet opening 23 for filling and / or continuous or discontinuous refilling of electrolyte liquid is arranged in the lower portion of the reaction chamber 2, in particular of the electrolyte volume or the receptacle 4 for the electrolyte.
• the in the lower section in particular in the bottom portion of the electrolyte bath supplied or supplied electrolyte creates a turbulence or fluidization of the electrolyte liquid, which advantageously favors the dissolution of gas bubbles at the anodic and cathodic electrodes 5, 6 and accelerated.
• At least one means 24 for swirling the electrolyte may be formed in the reaction chamber 2, in particular in the receptacle 4 for the electrolyte.
• This swirling means 24 can be formed by any measures known from the prior art for generating flows or swirling in a liquid bath.
• An advantageous embodiment provides that the means 24 for swirling the electrolyte is formed by leading into the reaction chamber suction and / or outlet nozzles 25 for the electrolyte.
• a plurality of suction and / or outlet nozzles 25 are provided for the electrolyte, which are preferably associated with the receptacle 4 for the electrolyte.
• the number of these suction and / or outlet nozzles 25 can vary greatly within the context of the respective requirements.
• at least two or even hundreds of such suction and / or outlet nozzles 25 may preferably be formed in the bottom region of the receiving container 4 for the electrolyte.
• at least individual action axes of a plurality of suction and / or outlet nozzles 25 are formed inclined to the bottom portion.
• the axes of action of the intake and / or outlet nozzles 25 may be aligned at an angle to the cylinder or vertical axis 8 of the reaction chamber 2, to be in the Elektrolytbad an intimate Verwirbelung or far-reaching flow to build, which is the removal of the hydrogen or oxygen bubbles from the anodic and cathodic electrodes 5, 6 or from the interior of the electrolyte in the upward direction to the discharge zone, in particular to a gas space 26 of the reaction chamber 2 favors.
• the means 24 for swirling the electrolyte is formed through at least one agitator which is immersed in the electrolyte liquid.
• the means 24 for damping a flow in the electrolyte is designed in such a way that an approximately helical flow is established around the cylindrical or vertical axis 8 of the receptacle 4 or the reaction chamber 2, with a direction of propagation thereof helical flow starting from the bottom portion of the electrolyte in the direction of the surface of the electrolyte bath.
• At least one overflow edge 27 is provided in the reaction chamber 2, which is designed to limit a maximum liquid level 28 of the electrolyte.
• this at least one overflow edge 27 is formed by at least one upper boundary edge 29 of a hollow cylindrical or hollow prismatic electrolyte container 30.
• This electrolyte container 30 preferably has a vertically aligned cylinder axis 31, which preferably coincides with the cylindrical or vertical axis 8 of the reaction chamber 2 or at least approximately covers it.
• the at least one overflow edge 27 may alternatively or additionally be formed to the upper boundary edge 29 of the electrolyte container 30 by at least one bore or other opening in the jacket of the electrolyte container 30.
• the upper portion of the electrolyte container 30 is as open as possible, in particular open over the entire cross-sectional area, in order also to favor a good separation or discharge of a mostly formed during the electrolysis process foam 32, in particular a forming on the electrolyte foam crown.
• foam 32 in particular a forming on the electrolyte foam crown.
• An initial fill level 33 of the electrolyte is preferably slightly below the overflow edge 27.
• an initial level 33 for the electrolyte is preferably set below the overflow edge 27 of the electrolyte container 30.
• the overflow edge 27 defines the maximum possible electrolyte level in the electrolyte container 30.
• the discharge of the foam crown or the foam 32 or the overflowing or excess electrolyte liquid takes place starting from the center region of the electrolyte container 30 in the outward direction, in particular in the radial direction to the vertical or cylindrical axis 8, 31.
• overflowing electrolyte or over the overflow edge 27 'passing electrolyte foam can be discharged in the downward direction and preferably reintroduced into the electrolyte container 30, as will be explained in more detail below.
• a collecting portion 35 is formed for over the overflow edge 27 of flowed electrolyte or electrolyte foam.
• This collecting section 35 extends over a specific vertical height of the reaction chamber 2 and prevents or reduces leakage of the electrolytically obtained gases from an outlet opening 36, which serves for the controlled discharge of the electrolyte from the reaction chamber 2.
• This collecting section 35 can be formed by a specific electrolyte level in the bottom section of the reaction chamber 2 or by another siphon-like gas barrier.
• the collecting section 35 or the corresponding liquid siphon causes the reaction chamber 2 to be closed in a gas-tight manner, or an exit or suction of hydrogen and oxygen gas via a bottom outlet opening 36 for the electrolyte is as far as possible prevented.
• the siphonarti- the outlet opening 36 closes relatively gastight, whereas a controlled discharge of the electrolyte liquid from the reaction chamber 2 via the at least one outlet opening 36 is made possible. In particular, it must be ensured that a certain liquid level is established within the collecting section 35 in order to achieve a sufficiently gas-tight gas barrier.
• the liquid level in the collection section 35 is preferably lower than the regular level 33 for the electrolyte within the electrolyte container 30.
• the collection section 35 can be formed around the electrolyte container 30 as shown, or with a central introduction of the excess electrolyte in a centrally arranged discharge channel 34 in the center region of the electrolyte container Be provided 30, as was shown with reference to the embodiment shown in dashed lines.
• At least one recirculation of the electrolyte into the hollow cylindrical or hollow prismatic electrolyte container 30 or into the reaction chamber 2 takes place by means of this recirculation 37.
• a liquid tank 38 in particular a water container 39, is also provided within the at least one line for the return 37 of the electrolyte. in which a certain amount of electrolyte, in particular of liquid electrolyte in the form of water, is kept in stock or buffered. Starting from this liquid tank 38, electrolytic liquid is fed to the electrolytic process within the reaction chamber 2 continuously or discontinuously.
• the at least one recirculation 37 runs quasi through or over the liquid tank 38.
• the recirculation 37 on the one hand leads into the liquid tank and that the recirculation 37, starting from the liquid tank 38, is continued again in the direction of the reaction chamber 2 to achieve a feed or a refill with respect to the electrolytic liquid in the receiving or electrolyte container 4, 30.
• This electrolyte circuit 41 between the Action chamber 2 and the liquid tank 38 and the water tank 39 is similar in hydraulic terms with the flow and return of fuel supply systems for internal combustion engines.
• At least one filter device 40 for filtering out residues, in particular contaminants in the electrolyte or in the electrolytically treated water, can be arranged in the return line 37.
• At least one liquid pump 42 can be integrated into the return flow 37 or into the feed line for the electrolyte with respect to the reaction chamber 2.
• the return 37 also serves as a cooling device 43 for the electrolyte or comprises a cooling device 43.
• This cooling device 43 can be formed by the line connections of the return 37 per se and / or by additional heat exchangers, in particular by air / liquid exchangers, such as cooling fins.
• These heat exchangers 44 or cooling fins can be formed in the line network and / or on the liquid tank 38 or water tank 39.
• the cooling device 43 is dimensioned such or the feedback 37 dimensioned such that the temperature of the electrolyte in a range between 20 ° C and 60 ° C, in particular in a range between 28 ° C and 50 ° C, preferred 35 ° C to 43 ° C, is maintained. Especially in the latter temperature range of the electrolyte, an optimized or relatively efficient electrolysis process takes place. In particular, only a relatively small amount or power of electrical energy is required in this temperature range.
• the cooling device 43 can also be formed by other passively and / or actively acting cooling devices, as they are known in numerous embodiments of the prior art.
• the electrolytic reaction system 1 thus has a continuous or discontinuous inflow 45 and outflow 46 for the electrolyte.
• this inflow 45 and outflow 46 of the electrolyte a time-related gradual replacement or replenishment of the electrolyte comprising water or formed by water is created or built up in the reaction chamber 2 or in its electrolyte container 30.
• a self-contained electrolyte circuit 41 is preferably constructed, in which the liquid tank 38 and the at least one liquid pump 42 are implemented.
• At least one passage opening 47 for ambient air 48 to be introduced into the reaction chamber 2, in particular into the receptacle 4 for the electrolyte is preferably formed in the bottom section and / or in the jacket region of the reaction chamber 2.
• the at least one passage opening 47 can also be provided for supplying nitrogen or other non-combustible gases into the receiving container 4, in particular into the electrolyte container 30.
• the at least one passage opening 47 opens directly into the electrolyte bath, which is located during the operation of the reaction system 1 in the reaction chamber 2, in particular in the electrolyte container 30.
• a plurality of distributed in the bottom portion and / or shell region of the electrolyte container 30 arranged passage openings 47 for ambient air 48 and / or nitrogen is formed.
• a regulating means 49 in particular a valve arrangement or the like, can be provided, which is designed to regulate the amount flowing into the electrolyte and / or the pressure of the ambient air 48 or of the nitrogen.
• passage openings 47 are provided, via which targeted and distributed air or nitrogen is introduced into the receptacle 4 for the electrolyte.
• these passage openings are 47 in the bottom portion of the reaction chamber 2, in particular positioned below the electrode assembly 3.
• the electrolytic reaction system 1 is assigned at least one means 50 for building up negative pressure within the reaction chamber 2, in particular in its gas space 26.
• This negative pressure is to be understood in relation to the atmospheric pressure. That is, the negative pressure generating means 50 within the reaction chamber 2, in particular in the gas space 26, creates defined negative pressure conditions.
• this means 50 may be formed by a vacuum pump. According to a favorable
• this means 50 is formed to build up negative pressure by a connected to the reaction chamber 2 consumer for the chemical energy carrier hydrogen.
• This consumer which according to an advantageous embodiment is formed by an internal combustion engine 51, in particular by a gasoline, gas or diesel engine, transforms the chemical energy of the hydrogen into kinetic energy with the release of thermal energy.
• the consumer can of course also be formed by any heating or generator system for power generation.
• so the construction of negative pressure in the reaction chamber 2 by building a flow technical connection 52 between the reaction chamber 2, in particular the gas chamber 26, with a fuel supply 53, in particular with the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine 51 or other combustion system for converting chemical energy of the hydrogen-oxygen mixture into thermal or kinetic energy. This also increases the output power with respect to the electrolyte and the electrode arrangement 3 or increases the achievable electrolysis capacity of the electrolytic reaction system 1.
• FIGS. 6, 7 illustrate another embodiment of the electrolytic reaction system 1 for producing gaseous hydrogen and oxygen.
• This embodiment is an optionally independent embodiment of the reaction system 1 according to the invention.
• the same reference numerals or component designations are used as in the preceding figures. To avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made to the detailed description of the preceding figures reference. It is expressly stated that not all of these are in these Figures represented features or structural measures constitute mandatory components of the reaction system 1 according to the invention.
• feature combinations with features from the preceding figures can represent embodiments of the invention.
• this electrolytic reaction system 1 comprises a reaction chamber 2 for receiving an electrolyte, such as water, an aqueous solution, or a water mixture in conjunction with the conductivity-increasing additives.
• an electrolyte such as water, an aqueous solution, or a water mixture in conjunction with the conductivity-increasing additives.
• at least one electrode arrangement 3, which is formed from a plurality of annodic and cathodic electrodes 5, 6, is arranged in the reaction chamber 2.
• the electrode arrangement 3 is formed by at least two, preferably more than at least three, coaxially or approximately coaxially arranged one inside the other, tubular electrodes 5, 6.
• five coaxially arranged, nested, in particular inserted into one another, tubular electrodes 5, 6 are formed.
• electrodes 5, 6 having a circular or annular or elliptical cross section are preferred.
• tubular electrodes 5, 6 provided with a hollow cylindrical body shape
• tubular electrodes 5, 6 with prismatic body shape, in particular square, rectangular or with another polygonal cross-section.
• the individual electrodes 5, 6 preferably form alternating anodes and cathodes in the electrolytic reaction system 1, respectively.
• the cylindrical or the prismatic lateral surfaces which are composed of a plurality of angularly aligned surfaces, of the mutually adjacent, tubular electrodes 5, 6 are spaced from one another.
• defined distances 54 and 55 are formed between the respective cylinder or lateral surfaces, in particular between the inner and outer surfaces of the respective electrodes 5, 6.
• a distance 54 or a gap between the tubular or hollow prismatic, nested electrodes 5, 6, starting from an outer pair of electrodes 5, 6 in comparison to a further inside, in particular closer to a central tube axis 56 arranged electrode fifth , 6 or a further inwardly disposed pair of electrodes 5, 6 of this tubular electrode assembly 3 are dimensioned increasing or larger.
• tubular or hollow prismatic electrodes 5, 6 are preferably dimensioned larger than the distances 54 between outer or inner electrodes 5, 6 surrounding pairs of electrodes 5, 6.
• the individual, virtual tube axes 56 of the tubular electrodes 5, 6 are preferably vertically aligned. In this case, the distal end portions of the tubular electrodes 5, 6 are each open.
• the individual tubular electrodes 5, 6 preferably have a constant cross-sectional area with respect to their length or height. It is essential that at least one at least approximately hollow-cylindrical or prismatic gap 57, 58 is formed between the mantle or cylindrical surfaces of the tubular or hollow prismatic electrodes 5, 6.
• a bubbling of gas bubbles is made possible or favors.
• gas bubbles which adhere to the anodic and cathodic electrodes 5, 6 or, respectively, during the electrolysis process, can be efficiently removed into a gas space 26 located above the electrolyte.
• a kind of suction effect comes into play, which supports the bubbling of the gas bubbles from the electrolyte. This effect is enhanced by the electrolyte volume located below the electrode arrangement 3 and by a Venturi effect within the tubular electrode arrangement 3.
• a kind of chimney effect for the gas bubbles is achieved by the at least one approximately hollow-cylindrical or prismatic gap 57, 58 between adjacent electrodes 5, 6, thus increasing its rate of exfoliation or degassing.
• this effect is additionally increased.
• electromagnetic coil 13 may be formed below the electrode assembly 3 at least one electromagnetic coil 13.
• the electrode assembly 3 is added to mechanical vibrations or vibrations, which support or accelerate a bubbling of the gas bubbles from the electrolyte.
• the electric field of the electromagnetic coil 13 also has a positive effect on the electrolytic conversion or splitting process.
• the reaction chamber 2 of the electrolytic reaction system 1 has a substantially hollow cylindrical or hollow prismatic body shape.
• the virtual cylinder or vertical axis 8, in particular the lateral surface of the reaction chamber 2, is oriented vertically or at least approximately vertically, as can be seen by way of example from FIG. 6 or FIG.
• reaction chamber 2 comprises or comprise a substantially hollow-cylindrical or hollow-prismatic receiving container 4 in which the at least one star-shaped or tubular
• Electrode assembly 3 is arranged.
• the receptacle 4 for the electrolyte and for the at least one electrode assembly 3 in the upper end portion is designed to be open.
• its mantle or cylindrical surface is formed spaced from the inner surfaces of the reaction chamber 2, as best seen in FIG. 1 can be seen.
• the previously described deposition or collecting section 35 is constructed in a simple manner.
• the virtual fan axis 7 of the star-shaped electrode arrangement 3 or the virtual tube axis 56 of the tubular electrode arrangement is positioned substantially on the virtual cylinder axis 8 or congruent to the virtual cylinder axis 8 of the receptacle 4 or the reaction chamber 2, as before all the illustrations according to FIGS.
• FIG. 8 shows a further, schematic or basic illustration of an electrode arrangement 3.
• the receptacle 4 and the reaction chamber 2 is a hollow cylinder, in particular circular in cross-section.
• the reaction chamber 2 and the receptacle 4 may also have another hollow prismatic body shape, in particular a polygonal cross-sectional shape, but rounded corners or edge regions are advantageous.
• a plurality of electrode assemblies 3, 3 ' is provided inside the reaction chamber 2.
• a bundle of tube electrodes is formed, wherein the individual pairs of electrodes 5, 6 are arranged distributed within the receptacle 4 for the electrolyte.
• a first electrode arrangement 3 is formed in the center of the receptacle 4 and a plurality of further electrode arrangements 3 'are circularly placed around this central electrode arrangement 3.
• a mixed form of electrode shapes is possible.
• circular tubular electrodes 5, 6 and cross-sectionally rectangular, for example quadrangular, tube electrodes 5, 6 may be combined in cross-section in order to achieve an increased packing density within the receiving container 4.
• the wall thicknesses 59, 60 of the electrodes 5, 6 are to be determined such that the electromagnetic field of the at least one coil 13 causes excitation of mechanical oscillations of the electrode arrangement 3 or at least individual electrodes 5, 6.
• the electromagnetic alternating field or the electromagnetically pulsating field of the at least one coil 13 has a vibrating or vibration-inducing effect. This promotes the efficiency of the separation of gas bubbles or the Ausblaslungsterrorism the gas bubbles from the electrolyte.
• the material elasticity or the wall thickness 59, 60 of the respective electrodes 5, 6 should be selected such that, starting from the electromagnetic coil 13, a possibly intense vibration excitation is achieved.
• the at least one plate-shaped electrode 5, 6 - Fig. 1 - or at least one tubular or hollow prismatic electrode 5, 6 - Fig. 6 - have at least one slot 61, 62 or a plurality of openings or perforations.
• the respective electrodes 5, 6 have at least one mechanical weakening or stiffness reduction, for example slits 61, 62 or apertures or material recesses or material savings, in order to be amplified under the influence of the electromagnetic field of the at least one electromagnetic coil 13 in increased mechanical vibrations become.
• intensive or low-loss vibration excitation for the electrodes 5, 6 is also achieved by the load-bearing support, in particular by a rigid mechanical connection between the at least one electromagnetic coil 3 and at least one electrode 5, 6 of the electrode arrangement 3.
• This mechanical connection or holding device is preferably designed to be electrically insulating.
• the quantity of hydrogen or oxygen which can be produced by means of the abovementioned electrolytic reaction system 1 is sufficient to operate without interruption of the chemical energy carrier hydrogen without interruption an internal combustion engine 51 which offers considerable power, for example 30 to 100 kW.
• the indicated electrolytic reaction system 1 is so energy efficient that the electrolytically recovered amount of hydrogen is sufficient to supply engines in standard automobiles with a sufficient amount of fuel in the form of a hydrogen-oxygen mixture.
• the specified electrochemical conversion plant ie, the electrolytic reaction system 1 produce such a high amount of a hydrogen-oxygen mixture that is generated by its combustion in internal combustion engines 51, in particular in gasoline or gas or diesel engines sufficient kinetic energy to operate commercially available motor vehicles with the usual or required power. It is essential that the specified electrolytic reaction system 1 without intermediate storage or without intermediate buffering of large amounts of hydrogen gas and still allows a standard operation of the respective motor vehicle.
• Gas space 26 and the fluidic connection 52 to the consumer is typically less than 0.5 m 3 .
• a volume of the gas space 26 of less than 0.1 m 3 is sufficient to produce an internal combustion engine 51 with a maximum delivery rate.
• power of 50 kW "on demand" with the corresponding fuel, in particular with a hydrogen / oxygen mixture which is an important safety aspect since the amount of ignitable gaseous hydrogen present within the electrolytic reaction system 1 is relatively low.
• the dangers emanating from this electrolytic reaction system 1 are thus relatively low or the danger potentials are easy to defuse or to control, in particular the specified electrolytic reaction system 1 can be controlled in a simple manner in order to meet high safety requirements.
• the electrolytic reaction system 1 In particular, after a relatively short start-up phase of the electrolytic reaction system 1, a sufficient quantity or volume of hydrogen gas can be generated in order to be able to start and continuously supply or supply a load having an output power of 50 kW or more ,
• the construction volume of the electrolytic reaction system 1, in particular the reaction chamber 2, is less than 0.5 m 3 , in particular less than 0.25 m 3 , typically only about 0.02 m 3 .
• the electrode arrangement 3 consists of several star-shaped ones
• FIG. 9 illustrates a further embodiment of the at least one electromagnetic coil 13 which can be advantageously used in the electrolytic reaction system 1 in accordance with the preceding statements. This embodiment of the electromagnetic coil 13 is thus in combination with the preceding Henden features to an advantageous electrolytic reaction system 1 can be combined.
• the same reference numerals or component designations are used for the same parts as in the preceding figures. To avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made to the detailed description in the preceding figures.
• the schematically illustrated electromagnetic coil 13 represents an alternative to the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 and is preferably similar to the previous embodiments, as illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 6, above and / or below a star-shaped or tubular Electrode assembly 3 is arranged so that the electromagnetic field acts as a result of an application of electrical energy on the one hand to the electrolyte and on the other to the electrode assembly 3.
• the thus provided at least once, electromagnetic coil 13 is substantially toroidal or annular, wherein it comprises a plurality of electrically connected in series partial windings 19, 19 ', 19 ", 19”'.
• the individual partial windings 19, 19 ', 19 “, 19”' of the electromagnetic coil 13 each extend over a circumferential angle 63, which is only a fraction of the full annular circumference 64, i. an angular fraction of 360 ° of the toroidal electromagnetic coil 13 is.
• the circumferential angle 63 of the individual, connected in series partial windings 19, 19 ', 19 “, 19”' is typically between 20 ° to 50 °, in particular between 25 ° and 45 °, preferably in about 30 ° with respect to the full Ring circumference 64 of the coil 13.
• This clearance angle 65 between directly successive, series-connected partial windings 19, 19 ', 19 “, 19”' is expediently between 10 ° to 30 °, in particular between 15 ° to 25 °, preferably in about 20 °.
• This clearance angle 65 or the corresponding winding spacing 20, 20 ', 20 “, 20”' defines zones within the electromagnetic coil 13, in which other electrical prevailing romagnetician conditions prevail, as in those zones of the electromagnetic coil 13, in which the serially successive partial windings 19, 19 ', 19 ", 19”' are arranged or positioned.
• the defined by the clearance angle 65, winding-free spaces between the individual partial windings 19, 19 ', 19 “, 19”' result in a diversity within the built-up with the electromagnetic coil 13 or buildable electromagnetic field, which favors the electrolytic process in the electrolytic reaction system 1 ,
• a particularly favorable structure of the electromagnetic field generated or generated by the electromagnetic coil 13 is achieved when the circumferential angle 63 of the individual partial windings 19, 19 ', 19 “, 19”' and the clearance angle 65 between the individual partial windings 19, 19 ', 19 “, 19” 'is selected such that after more than a full ring circulation, ie after exceeding 360 ° winding extent, between superposed wound part windings 19, 19 ', 19 “, 19”' an offset angle 66 is formed.
• a number of the successive, series-connected partial windings 19, 19 ', 19 “, 19”' are selected such that approximately three full annular circuits are formed, i. in that the series-connected partial windings 19, 19 ', 19 “, 19”' extend approximately over 1080 ° of the annular or toroidal coil 13.
• the individual partial windings 19, 19 ', 19 “, 19'” wound single-layer, wherein the formed after a full annular circulation part windings 19, 19 ', 19 “, 19”' with the corresponding offset angle 66, but in the essentially free of air gaps over underlying or internal partial windings 19, 19 ', 19 “, 19”' are wound.
• the electromagnetic coil 13 is preferably coreless, in particular embodied without electromagnetically active core.
• the electromagnetic coil 13 is designed as an air coil, so that the generated electromagnetic field acts to a great extent on the electrolyte and on the electrode assembly 3 and thus greatly influences the physical and chemical processes in the electrolytic reaction system 1.
• a partial winding 19, 19 ', 19 “, 19”' consists of a plurality of turns, in particular dozens, hundreds or thousands of turns of an insulated conductor, in particular a lacquer-insulated copper wire.
• a diameter of the outer part windings 19, 19 ', 19 “, 19”' is dimensioned larger than a diameter of the inner part windings 19, 19 ', 19 “, 19”' of the annular or toroidal, Electromagnetic coil 13.
• electrical connection bracket between the immediately successive partial windings 19, 19 ', 19 “, 19”' it is of course also possible, the individual partial windings 19, 19 ', 19 “, 19”' without interruption or coherently, in particular, from an integral, electrical conductor to wind, so that at least some of the intermediate connecting bracket are unnecessary.

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