EP2477766A2 - Giessereiadditiv auf grafitbasis - Google Patents
Giessereiadditiv auf grafitbasisInfo
- Publication number
- EP2477766A2 EP2477766A2 EP10752733A EP10752733A EP2477766A2 EP 2477766 A2 EP2477766 A2 EP 2477766A2 EP 10752733 A EP10752733 A EP 10752733A EP 10752733 A EP10752733 A EP 10752733A EP 2477766 A2 EP2477766 A2 EP 2477766A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- graphite
- foundry
- bentonite
- molding material
- less
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/02—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/02—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives
- B22C1/04—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives for protection of the casting, e.g. against decarbonisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/20—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents
- B22C1/26—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents of carbohydrates; of distillation residues therefrom
Definitions
- the invention relates to a foundry additive, a
- Casting molds for receiving the melt are produced.
- the casting mold essentially represents a negative mold of the
- voids are reproduced inside the casting by cores, while the outer boundary of the casting is represented by forms.
- Molds are made of a refractory molding material
- quartz sand whose grains are connected by a suitable binder after molding, to sufficient mechanical strength of the mold to
- a refractory molding material which is first mixed with a suitable binder.
- the molding material mixture obtained from molding material and binder is preferably present in a free-flowing form, so that it can be filled into a suitable mold and compacted there.
- the binder By the binder, a firm cohesion between the grains of the molding material is produced, so that the casting mold the required obtains mechanical stability.
- organic binders are often used, which are cured after shaping by a chemical reaction initiated, for example, by fumigation with amines. More recently, water glass based inorganic binders have been increasingly used for the production of cores. Here, however, care must be taken that the cores disintegrate again after the casting into a fine sand.
- clay is mostly used as a binder. Here are in particular sodium bentonites because of their good
- liquid metal is poured into the cavity of the mold. Upon contact with the mold, the liquid metal is quenched and forms a relatively stable peripheral shell, in which then the liquid metal is absorbed.
- Casting is included, one speaks of ores, which can make the casting unusable.
- the surface of the casting mold must be sealed against the metal.
- the surface of the casting mold must be sealed against the metal.
- casting cavity still be so permeable that gaseous products, which in the contact of metal and mold through the hot metal are released, for example
- Water vapor can escape through the mold to the outside and do not pass into the liquid metal.
- Lustrous carbon formers For example, ground coal or synthetic and natural resins are used as the lustrous carbon formers. Upon contact with the liquid metal, these materials decompose in the then strongly reducing atmosphere, releasing low molecular weight fragments of organic compounds. These gaseous organic compounds condense on the surface of the grains of the refractory molding material and form a thin
- Grains of the refractory molding material penetrates into the wall of the mold.
- some of the organic volatiles formed on casting from the lustrous carbon formers have high toxicity. This is especially true for volatile aromatics, such as benzene and higher-condensed polycyclic hydrocarbons, which remain in the molding material.
- Toxic substances constitute a hazard at the workplace and must therefore be absorbed. Since they can not easily be released into the environment, the exhaust air must be post-treated and burned, for example. It is therefore an effort To provide molding material mixtures in which the emission of toxic substances is minimized.
- WO 98/50181 describes additives for molding sands which contain activated carbon.
- the activated carbon can also be formed in situ during the casting process. Molded sands, which are mixed with such additives emit during the casting of lower amounts of volatile organic
- humic acid-containing mineral added to the humic acid-containing mineral and activated carbon or graphite may be added.
- activated carbon or graphite may be added as humic acid
- humic acid-containing mineral as well as the carbon or
- Graphite-containing additives preferably have a particle size of less than 1000 ⁇ , preferably less than 105 ⁇ and particularly preferably less than 74 pm to
- Proportion of the humic acid-containing mineral added to the foundry sand is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight, particularly preferably 0.25 to 0.5% by weight. chosen, based on the total weight of foundry sand and additives.
- the examples describe a mixture containing graphite and leonardite.
- the graphite does not emit any organic compounds.
- the graphite contained in the mixture is to be activated according to the inventors by the lignite or the Leonardite during the casting, so that the activated graphite absorbs a surprisingly high proportion of the emitted from the oxidized Leonardite benzene.
- Molded material with an inorganic binder for example Bentonite, as well as an inorganic Blähadditiv mixed.
- an organic blowing additive for example Blähgrafit
- the core or molding sand can also contain macrocrystalline graphite.
- the molding sand are added no organic additives.
- the expanding graphite closes pores remaining in the casting mold during casting, whereby the roughness of the casting surface can be reduced.
- the blowing additive acts as an adsorbent, so that separating oils, condensates or benzene, which are released during the casting, are bound.
- Bladder additive, binder bridges which have formed between individual grains of sand, blown during the casting, so that the casting mold after casting again decomposes into a fine sand.
- the grain size of the mixture particles is preferably between 5 and 500 ⁇ m, more preferably between 10 and 200 ⁇ m.
- the mean grain diameter can be, for example, about 65 ⁇ .
- Inorganic premix is obtained by premixing the inorganic binder and the inorganic swelling additive. The mixture can then be added to the mold.
- the grain size of the bulking additive is preferably selected in the range from 10 nm to 3000 nm. The average grain diameter should be about 1 ⁇ .
- a porous, non-swellable in water material is added to the foundry sand, which has a very high specific surface area.
- Exemplary materials include framework or tectosilicates, pumice, allophane, imogolite, kieselguhr, palygorskites, sepiolites, diatomaceous earth, and acid and / or heat treated clays.
- the molding sand may additionally be supplemented by carbon products, such as lustrous carbon formers, Coal dust or graphite may be added.
- EP 0 279 031 A1 discloses a process for accelerating the water adsorption of bentonite, in particular as
- Bentonite graphite slammed The graphite used may be natural graphite or an electro / synthetic graphite.
- sands which include as an additive carbonaceous materials, which are characterized by a small proportion of volatile components.
- carbonaceous material a graphite mineral is preferably used, in particular one of
- Particle size is preferably less than 1 mm, more preferably less than 0.15 mm.
- EP 0 337 080 A2 describes a process for the production of molds from clay-bonded molding sand.
- a mold is produced from a molding sand which is essentially free from lustrous carbon formers and pyrolytically decomposable organic constituents. On those surfaces of the mold, with the cast metal in
- a size is then applied, which contains the usual refractory inorganic constituents and substantially free of pyrolytically decomposable
- refractory inorganic constituents for example, clays, talc, quartz,
- Chamotte be used. In the broader sense, as Inorganic constituents are also used graphite or coke.
- Ingredients is less than 75 ym and is preferably less than about 60 ⁇ . Down the particle size is none
- the primary particle size of bentonite and kaolin can be as low as about 0.1 ⁇ , where, for example, in bentonite, a maximum of primary particles in the range of about 1 ⁇ ⁇ is.
- GB 357,126 discloses a carbonaceous powdery release agent which is applied to the surface of the mold cavity during the manufacture of a mold.
- the carbonaceous material may comprise a core of graphite which is water repellent
- graphite is widely used in the foundry industry. However, especially for cost reasons, relatively coarse-grained graphite powders are used. For example, graphite is used as a refractory material for the
- the invention therefore an object of the invention, means for
- mold base material is found in the determination of the whiteness. Microscopic investigations of the graphite - coated refractory mold raw materials show that the
- the invention therefore provides a foundry additive for
- microcrystalline or amorphous graphite having an average particle size D 50 of less than 100 m and
- the finely ground graphite has an average particle size D 90 of less than 200 ⁇ , according to another embodiment of less than 50 ⁇ , according to another embodiment of less than 40 ⁇ , according to another embodiment of less than 30 ⁇ , According to another embodiment of less than 20 ⁇ and according to yet another embodiment of less than 10 ⁇ on.
- the finely ground graphite has an average particle size D i0 of less than 5 ⁇ m , according to a further embodiment of less than 3 ⁇ m, according to a further embodiment of less than 2 ⁇ m, according to a further embodiment of less than 1 ⁇ m and according to yet another embodiment of less than 0.8 ⁇ on.
- the distribution of the graphite particles can be quite wide, since the finely divided portion is sufficient to the
- the ratio D90 / D10 is less than 20, according to another embodiment less than 15, according to another
- Embodiment less than 10 according to another
- an average particle size D 90 is understood to be a value at which 90% of the particles are smaller and 10% of the particles are larger.
- an average particle size Dio is meant a value at which 10% of the particles are smaller and 90% of the particles are larger.
- the D 5 o value and all other values D x for the description of the particle size distribution are related to the sample volume.
- the size distribution of the particles may be monomodal or may comprise several maxima and be bimodal, for example.
- the size distribution of the particles according to one embodiment corresponds to a Gaussian distribution.
- the standard deviation of D 5 o value is according to one embodiment less than 15 ⁇ , according to one embodiment less than 10 ⁇ and according to another embodiment less than 8 ⁇ .
- Particle size is determined as the mean value of the expansion of the particles in all three spatial directions.
- a suitable method for determining the particle size distribution or de mean particle sizes D 90 , D 50 , Di 0 for example, laser diffractometry.
- the mean particle size D 50 is less than 50 ⁇ , according to another embodiment, less than 20 ⁇ . According to one embodiment, the average particle size D 50 is less than 10 ⁇ , according to another embodiment, the average particle size D 50 is less than 5 pm.
- Graphite can be ground by conventional methods up to an average particle size D 50 of about 1 ⁇ . If the average particle size D 5 o be reduced to values of less than 1 ⁇ , this means a lot of effort for the required devices and a high expenditure of time until the desired small particle size is reached. According to one embodiment, it is therefore provided that the mean particle size D 50 is more than 1 pm. In itself, however, it is also possible to graphite with a medium
- the graphite contained in the foundry additive preferably has a very low average crystallite size.
- the mean crystallite size can be determined, for example, from the mean half-width of the reflections of the X-ray diffraction diagram.
- the average crystallite size is preferably less than 90 nm, in one embodiment less than 80 nm, according to another embodiment less than 70 nm and according to yet another embodiment less than 50 nm.
- the average crystallite size of the graphite is in the region of 20 up to 45 nm.
- microcrystalline or amorphous graphite is used, that is to say the graphite produces very broad reflections in the X-ray diffraction diagram.
- amorphous graphite refers to one here
- Crystallite size from the X-ray diagram may be associated with a relatively large error.
- the transition between microcrystalline graphite and amorphous graphite is therefore
- Natural graphite Natural graphite can be any natural graphite. Natural graphite. Natural graphite can be any natural graphite. Natural graphite. Natural graphite. Natural graphite can be any natural graphite. Natural graphite. Natural graphite. Natural graphite can be any natural graphite. Natural graphite. Natural graphite. Natural graphite can be any natural graphite. Natural graphite. Natural graphite. Natural graphite can be
- Amorphous graphite and “microcrystalline graphite” are used in the following largely synonymous.
- the graphite is provided in the form of an aqueous suspension. It has been shown that sandane sinterings on the casting can be significantly reduced if the graphite is not in dry form but in the form of an aqueous suspension for granular refractory
- the graphite is preferably present in the suspension in a proportion of between 20 and 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the suspension
- Foundry additive is used, for example, a graphite having an average particle size D 50 of less than 10 pm, it is preferred that the suspension dispersing aids to complete wetting of the graphite particles
- dispersing aids make it possible to obtain graphite suspensions with a high proportion of graphite at comparatively low viscosities. It has also been found that the dispersing aid has an influence on the casting result, ie on the amount of sand sintered on the casting.
- Suitable dispersing aids are, for example, anionic or nonionic surfactants.
- Preferred anionic surfactants are, for example, alkali metal salts of polycarboxylic acids.
- Preferred nonionic surfactants are, for example, alkali metal salts of polycarboxylic acids.
- Dispersing aids are, for example
- Dispersing aids for example, Pluronic ® PE 10400 Fa. BASF SE. Based on the dry graphite content, the dispersing aids are preferably present in a proportion of from 2 to 10% by weight in the suspension.
- the suspension can also include dispersing aids, the suspension can also include
- Viscosity regulating additives must be added.
- Viscosity regulating additives are, for example high molecular weight polyacrylates or natural thickeners, such as xanthan or cellulose ethers.
- a suitable one is, for example high molecular weight polyacrylates or natural thickeners, such as xanthan or cellulose ethers.
- Viscosity regulating additive is for example
- the thickeners effectively prevents sedimentation of the graphite during storage.
- the thickeners are preferably present in a proportion of less than 10% by weight, in one embodiment in a proportion of less than 5% by weight in the suspension.
- the thickener is according to a
- Embodiment in a proportion of at least 0.5 wt .-%, according to another embodiment in a proportion of at least 1 wt .-% and according to yet another
- Embodiment in a proportion of more than 2% by weight
- clay-bound sands in particular quartz sands, are preferably used as the refractory molding material.
- a bentonite is added to the foundry additive.
- the bentonite in particular
- Sodium bentonite or calcium bentonite may correspond in whole or in part to the amount of binder which in one
- Molding material mixture is used for producing clay-bonded casting molds.
- This embodiment of the foundry additive according to the invention makes it possible in the production of a
- the foundry additive contains an intimate mixture of bentonite and finely ground, preferably microcrystalline or amorphous, graphite, so that in the production of a
- the proportion of the finely ground microcrystalline or amorphous graphite, based on the anhydrous foundry additive, according to one embodiment is greater than 1 wt .-%, according to another embodiment in the range of 2 to 20 wt .-%, and according to yet another embodiment in the range of 5 to 15% by weight.
- the bentonite is preferably
- the bentonite has a particle size Dioo of less than 300 ⁇ , according to an embodiment of less than 200 ⁇ on.
- the average particle size D 50 of the bentonite is preferably less than 100 ⁇ , chosen according to another embodiment less than 80 ⁇ . According to one
- Bentonites greater than 10 ⁇ according to another
- Particle size distribution can be within wide limits
- the standard deviation of the D 50 value is less than 50 ⁇ according to one embodiment, less than 30 ⁇ according to one embodiment.
- the proportion of bentonite, based on the anhydrous foundry additive is preferably less than 99% by weight, in one embodiment in the range of 98 to 80% by weight and in another embodiment in the range of 95 to 85% by weight ,
- an alkali bentonite particularly preferably a sodium bentonite, is preferably used.
- Alkali bentonite in particular sodium bentonite, is understood to mean a bentonite which contains at least 40%, preferably at least 50%, particularly preferably at least 60% of the
- the bentonite used to make a molding mixture may be fully contained in the foundry additive. According to another embodiment, however, can also in the way
- the relative proportion of bentonite compared to the finely ground graphite can be chosen to be lower, so that the proportion of finely ground graphite in the anhydrous binder can assume values between 1 and 99 wt .-%.
- Dry weight preferably selected in the range of 1 to 10 wt .-% of the suspension.
- the bentonite is preferably used in a weight ratio of 10: 1 to 1: 10 to graphite.
- the foundry additive is provided in the form of granules.
- Foundry additive for example bentonite, in particular
- Sodium bentonite or calcium bentonite for example, intimately mixed and then formed into a granule.
- the finely ground graphite in this embodiment is preferably distributed homogeneously in the volume of the granule.
- a granulate can be very easily and accurately dose because of its flowability.
- the mean diameter D 50 of the granules is selected according to an embodiment between 0.05 and 5 mm, according to another embodiment between 0.1 and 3 mm.
- the size distribution of the granulate can be determined, for example, by sieve analysis. The information on the size distribution of the granulate relates in each case to the sample volume.
- the granules may have a narrow size distribution.
- Standard deviation of the D 50 value is according to a
- the granules can be produced by conventional means.
- a suitable device is for example a
- Pelletizing plate or an intensive mixer Pelletizing plate or an intensive mixer.
- the granules are designed very fine-grained and preferably has a mean diameter D 50 of less than 1 mm.
- Such fine granules can be, for example, by
- a suspension can be prepared, which preferably has a
- Such a suspension is preferably prepared by means of a high shear agitator. Water is preferably used as the liquid phase of the suspension.
- the suspension may also be added to further constituents of the foundry auxiliary, for example bentonite, in particular
- Sodium bentonite or calcium bentonite which can also act as a binder for the granules at the same time.
- the suspension may also contain an organic binder, for example
- Binder based on the dry graphite
- the suspension can then be subsequently mixed in a conventional
- Spray dryers are dried under normal conditions.
- the foundry additive can be dosed with the usual devices for refractory molding material and mix with this. In the foundry additive according to the invention, it is therefore not necessary to change work processes in the production of the casting mold.
- the foundry additive comprises a bentonite granule which is finely ground, preferably microcrystalline or amorphous
- Graphite is coated. In this embodiment, therefore, first a Bentonitgranulat is produced, including conventional
- the finely ground, preferably microcrystalline or amorphous graphite is then applied to the granules. This can be done in conventional mixers.
- the finely ground, preferably microcrystalline or amorphous graphite may in dry form for
- the proportion of graphite, based on the dry granules, is preferably selected in the range of less than 20 wt .-%. According to one embodiment, the proportion of finely ground microcrystalline or amorphous graphite in dry granules in a range of 0.1 to 10 wt .-% is selected according to another embodiment in proportion of 1 to 5 wt .-%.
- the foundry additive in particular when this is used in the form of granules, has a moisture in the range of 15 to 35 wt .-%.
- the constituents of the foundry additive, in particular when used as granules, in the production of the Formstoffmischung be dispersed very quickly and efficiently in the refractory molding material. If a humidity of less than 10 wt .-% is selected, the mixing time increases in the
- Foundry additive used which has a very high humidity, for example, a moisture content of more than 40 wt .-%, the foundry additive receives a high tack, so that the formation of lumps can occur in the mixer.
- Moisture content of the foundry additive in particular when this is provided in the form of granules, can be adjusted for example by the water content of the graphite suspension, which is used according to an embodiment for the production of the granules.
- the aqueous graphite suspension can be used directly as a granulating agent or the moisture content of the granules is adjusted by the previously prepared bentonite granules with the aqueous
- the foundry additive does not contain a lustrous carbon generator.
- the foundry additive is a carbon carrier, preferably a finely ground
- Carbon carrier comprises.
- the carbon support according to one embodiment has an average particle size D 5 o of less than 300 ⁇ , according to one embodiment, an average particle size D 50 of less than 200 pm.
- the carbon support preferably has an average particle size D 50 of at least 20 ⁇ .
- the standard deviation from the D 50 value is less than 100 ⁇ m, in one embodiment less than 60 ⁇ m and, according to another embodiment, less than 30 ⁇ m.
- preference is given to using lustrous carbon formers.
- the carbon support is selected from the group of coal, coke and activated carbon.
- Carbon support based on the dry graphite, in
- Embodiment selected in the range of 20 to 80 wt .-%.
- the foundry additive consists essentially of finely ground graphite and bentonite.
- the dry, i.e., anhydrous, foundry additive comprises less than 5% by weight, preferably less than 2.5% by weight and, according to another embodiment, less than 1% by weight of other ingredients
- Components are, for example, those already mentioned
- the invention relates to
- Graphite used in the form of a suspension Graphite used in the form of a suspension.
- the invention relates to a
- Molding material mixture containing a granular refractory molding material and the foundry additive described above.
- a granular refractory molding material can all molding materials used in the field of foundry technology. Especially for the production of molds quartz sand is preferably used.
- Molding material has a grain size, as is commonly used for the production of molds.
- the granular refractory molding material preferably has a particle size in the range of 0.05 to 1 mm, preferably 0.1 to 0.7 mm.
- the adjustment of the particle size can be done for example by sieves or views.
- the foundry additive is evenly distributed in the molding material mixture. The proportion of fine
- Mixture of molding materials preferably in the range of 0.1 to 2 wt.% And selected according to one embodiment in the range of 0.2 to 1.0 wt .-%.
- the molding material mixture contains a clay as a binder, with sodium bentonite being preferred. According to one embodiment, the proportion of
- Binder absolute dry
- sodium bentonite based on the dry molding material mixture, between 5 and 15 wt .-%, according to one embodiment, between 6 and 10 wt .-%.
- the molding material mixture in addition to the graphite contains less than 2 wt .-%, according to another embodiment, less than 1 wt .-% carbon, in particular lustrous carbon. According to one
- the molding material mixture is free from
- Lustrous carbon formers The percentages are based on the weight of the molding material mixture.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of making a foundry additive as described above.
- a foundry additive for the preparation of the finely ground, preferably microcrystalline or amorphous graphite, as described in
- the average crystallite size of the graphite used as starting material may be less than 90 nm in one embodiment and less than 60 nm in another embodiment. According to one embodiment, the average crystallite size of the graphite used as starting material is between 15 and 45 nm Grafits conventional equipment can be used. suitable
- Mills are for example air jet mills.
- the effectiveness of the graphite becomes better, the lower the particle size.
- the graphite wet ground.
- the grinding can also be done in several stages. For example, the graphite can first dry to a medium
- the suspension can be obtained directly by, for example, wet-ground the graphite and optionally diluting the suspension then obtained, so that the suspension accounts for a proportion of preferably 20 to 50 parts by weight of graphite per 100 parts by weight of the
- Dispersants are added. These can also be added during grinding. suitable
- Dispersants are, for example, anionic or
- nonionic surfactants exemplary surfactants have already been described above.
- the dispersants are preferably in a proportion of 2 to 10 wt .-%, based on the dry graphite, added to the suspension.
- Foundry additive bentonite in particular sodium bentonite or calcium bentonite.
- the bentonite can be used, for example, for
- a powdered bentonite in particular calcium bentonite, wherein the moisture content of the mixture is adjusted according to one embodiment, that for example a granulate can be prepared from the mixture.
- a calcium bentonite is meant a bentonite which is at least 40%, preferably at least 50% and according to a
- Embodiment contains at least 60% of the cation exchange capacity as exchangeable calcium ions.
- the bentonite in particular sodium bentonite or calcium bentonite, first to a
- the bentonite is preferably applied with medium energy.
- the bentonite can be introduced into an intensive vortex mixer and then the water is metered in at preferably maximum swirling speed.
- a suitable intensive mixer is, for example, the R08 model from Eirich. The amount of water is based on the bentonite used,
- the sieved fraction can then be dried in a drying oven to the desired moisture, for example to a
- the graphite suspension is given up according to one embodiment. This can for example be done directly in the intensive mixer by the graphite suspension is applied to the moving granules, for example by the suspension is introduced in a thin stream into the mixing vessel of the intensive mixer.
- the granules can be dried to set a moisture in the range specified above. According to a preferred embodiment, however, the water content of the suspension or the moisture of the bentonite granules is adjusted prior to coating with the graphite so that the
- graphite-coated bentonite granules need not be dried after coating to adjust the moisture content.
- granules are obtained which can be distributed very easily and rapidly in the refractory molding material during the production of the molding material mixture.
- the invention relates to a
- Foundry mold is preferably formed as a shape, that is, as the part of the foundry mold, which images the outer contour of the casting.
- the production of the foundry mold is carried out in a conventional manner.
- the foundry additive according to the invention is added while moving to the granular refractory molding material, wherein as
- refractory molding material preferably quartz sand is used.
- the foundry additive is preferably added in a proportion to the refractory molding material, so that the molding material mixture has a proportion of finely divided graphite in the range from 0.1 to 2% by weight.
- the molding material mixture is preferably a clay, in particular a bentonite, preferably sodium bentonite added.
- the proportion of sound is chosen in a common range. According to one embodiment, the proportion of clay on the
- the molding material mixture has a conventional moisture content. According to one
- the molding material mixture has a water content in the range of 2 to 4 wt .-%.
- the molding material mixture is placed in a corresponding molding box and compacted in the usual way. There then takes place an assembly of the casting mold, it being possible where appropriate to install cores in the casting cavity.
- the mold is provided in a conventional manner with a feed system for the liquid metal and with feeders.
- the invention relates to the use of the foundry mold for metal casting.
- the foundry mold according to the invention can in itself replace all previously known foundry molds. It is suitable both for steel and cast iron as well as for the casting of non-ferrous metals, such as aluminum casting. After casting, the casting is demoulded in the usual way. The molding sand can then be recycled in the usual way and used again for the production of molds.
- the proof of the ionic freedom of the wash water is carried out on NH 4 + ions with the sensitive Nessler's reagent.
- the washing rate may vary between 30 minutes and 3 days depending on the type of clay.
- the washed out NH 4 + clay is removed from the filter, dried at 110 ° C for 2 hours, ground, sieved (63 ⁇ sieve) and again at 110 ° C for 2 h
- the cations released by the exchange are in the wash water (filtrate).
- the proportion and the type of monovalent cations ("exchangeable cations") was determined spectroscopically in the filtrate according to DIN 38406, part 22.
- the washing water (filtrate) is concentrated for AAS determination, transferred to a 250 ml volumetric flask and deionized with
- the water content of the products at 105 ° C is determined using the method DIN / ISO-787/2.
- NZF wet tensile strength
- DF green strength
- Water replenishment is mixed for another 60 seconds.
- the molding sand mixture is removed from the mixer and stored in a closable plastic drum for 1 h at room temperature.
- Anchor pressing system APM Sl of the company Brunkel & Wagner is molded over a model plate with four discs of a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 40 mm. For this purpose, a box with 350 mm x 310 mm x 100 mm is used. Upper and lower box are then assembled into a mold. In an induction crucible furnace, a sufficient amount
- the iron / sand ratio is 1: 3.
- the iron disc is placed on a mortar mill from the company Retsch (type RMO), wherein between the casting and porcelain mortar, a plastic lid is inserted, which carries the metal disc. Subsequently, at a
- Metal ring is 11 cm.
- a circular cut out sponge with a height of 1 cm is arranged on a base plate below the iron disk.
- the sample surface is brushed off with a file brush Type 533 720 from LUX, which is clamped via an adapter into a laboratory stirrer over a period of 120 sec at 70 rpm.
- the laboratory stirrer which is firmly connected to the file brush, is connected by a hinge to a sturdy stand.
- the surface of the metal disc is loaded with the weight of the stirrer including the file brush.
- From the weight of the stirrer of about 2.6 kg and the bearing surface of the file brush on the 10 cm iron disc results in a bearing pressure of 0.8 N / cm 2 , with which the iron disk is loaded by the file brush.
- the rotational speed of the brush is 70 rpm. From the weight difference of the iron disk before and after the Brush test results gravimetrically the part of the sand that was already sintered on the metal surface.
- the face of the iron disk is then blasted with a steel granulate (1.0 - 1.6 mm) for 30 sec. Again, the proportion of sintered sand is determined by the weight difference before and after the blasting process. The addition of the two individual sand amounts of jet and metal brush test results in the total amount of sand sintered on the front side of the iron disk.
- VDG leaflet P38 Wet compressive strength of foundry sand mixtures
- PRA of the company Georg Fischer with three rams to cylinders compacted with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 50 mm.
- the wet compressive strength is determined on 5 specimens and the mean value is formed.
- the graphites are as delivered on a laser diffraction Mastersizer ® 2000 from Malvern in the continuous air stream related to the particle size distribution was measured (dry cell: Scirocco 2000)...
- the measurement is carried out in aqueous dispersion.
- the suspension is treated with ultrasound for 30 seconds and then measured in distilled water (wet cell: Hydro 2000 S).
- the measurement is carried out in accordance with ISO 13320 / DIN ISO 9276-1.
- the sample is blown through the measuring cell with the aid of compressed air (air pressure: 2 bar).
- the measuring time is 8 seconds.
- the particle size distribution is calculated according to Fraunhofer theory.
- the sample is suspended in deionized water. Before starting the measurement, the sample is treated with an internal ultrasonic finger (intensity: 50%) for 30 seconds. The treatment with ultrasound is also continued during the measurement (intensity: 50%).
- the sample is taken with a
- the sample holder is dried together with molding material at 110 ° C for 12 h. Subsequently, the sample holder is introduced with the molding material in the meter and the
- the air jet mill is equipped with equipped with a 2 mm nozzle. By adjusting the
- Table la proportions of different particle sizes in a finely ground graphite sample; Di 0 : 3.27 ⁇ m, D 50 : 10, 78 ⁇ m, D 90 :
- Table lb Shares of different particle sizes in a ground graphite sample; D 10 : 1.10 ⁇ m, D 50 : 4, 53 ⁇ , D 90 : 14.90 ⁇ m, Dioo: 33, 39 ⁇ m, measurement in air (FIG. 2)
- Table 1c proportions of different particle sizes in a ground graphite sample; D 10 : 0.70 ⁇ m, D 50 : 1, 55 ⁇ m, D 90 : 3.62 ⁇ m, D 100 : 20.38 ⁇ m, measurement in water (FIG. 3)
- Table ld proportions of various particle sizes in a ground graphite sample; Di 0 : 0.68 ⁇ m, D 50 : 2.17 ⁇ m, D 90 :
- Dissolver disk stirred in as much dry ground graphite until, depending on the particle size, a concentration between 20 and 40% is reached. Subsequently, between 2 and 10% of a suitable dispersing aid is added with gentle stirring.
- the amount of dispersant here refers to the weight of the dry graphite. After the dispersant is evenly distributed in the dispersion, so much more graphite powder is added with slow stirring until the desired final concentration is reached. Foaming should be avoided as far as possible.
- the suspension can be 0.1 - 0.3% Degressal ® SD 20 BASF be added as a defoamer.
- Table 2 The conditions for the preparation of the finely ground graphite and their average particle size are summarized in Table 2.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009041677A DE102009041677A1 (de) | 2009-09-16 | 2009-09-16 | Gießereiadditiv auf Grafitbasis |
| PCT/EP2010/005573 WO2011032668A2 (de) | 2009-09-16 | 2010-09-10 | Giessereiadditiv auf grafitbasis |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2477766A2 true EP2477766A2 (de) | 2012-07-25 |
| EP2477766B1 EP2477766B1 (de) | 2016-03-30 |
Family
ID=43598189
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10752733.5A Revoked EP2477766B1 (de) | 2009-09-16 | 2010-09-10 | Giessereiadditiv auf grafitbasis |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2477766B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102009041677A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2576085T3 (de) |
| PL (1) | PL2477766T3 (de) |
| PT (1) | PT2477766T (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2011032668A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102909313B (zh) * | 2012-10-16 | 2015-04-22 | 武汉重工铸锻有限责任公司 | 铜合金铸件芯砂及其制备方法 |
| CN113365756A (zh) * | 2018-09-28 | 2021-09-07 | 英默里斯美国公司 | 铸造预混组合物的生产 |
| CN110330016A (zh) * | 2019-08-10 | 2019-10-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种无烟煤基多孔碳石墨微晶和孔隙的一步协同发展方法 |
| CN113680956A (zh) * | 2020-05-19 | 2021-11-23 | 中冶宝钢技术服务有限公司 | 一种铸铁工艺用的喷浆料及其制作方法、以及铸铁工艺 |
| EP4342600A4 (de) * | 2021-05-19 | 2025-12-03 | Kao Corp | Anorganischer beschichteter sand |
| CN117295569A (zh) * | 2021-05-19 | 2023-12-26 | 花王株式会社 | 无机覆膜砂 |
| EP4603208A1 (de) * | 2024-02-14 | 2025-08-20 | Calderys France | Formsandzusatzpaket |
Family Cites Families (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1758095A (en) | 1926-01-08 | 1930-05-13 | Benjamin F Wallace | Parting-facing product for casting metals |
| US1868646A (en) | 1929-08-13 | 1932-07-26 | Benjamin F Wallace | Foundry facing |
| GB357126A (en) * | 1930-05-12 | 1931-09-14 | Benjamin Franklin Wallace | Improvements in or relating to sand moulds |
| DE1952357A1 (de) * | 1969-10-17 | 1971-04-29 | Ravensberger Eisenhuette | Zusatz fuer Formmassen als Ersatz fuer Kohlenstaeube zur Bildung von Glanzkohlenstoff in Giessformen |
| US4162238A (en) * | 1973-07-17 | 1979-07-24 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Foundry mold or core compositions and method |
| US4316744A (en) * | 1973-07-17 | 1982-02-23 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | High ratio silicate foundry sand binders |
| US4174225A (en) * | 1976-04-12 | 1979-11-13 | Ab Nynas-Petroleum | Manufacturing moulds or mould cores |
| DE3017119A1 (de) * | 1980-05-03 | 1981-11-05 | Dr. Heinze GmbH, 4554 Kettenkamp | Verfahren zur herstellung eines aus quarzsand, bentonit und wasser bestehenden formsandes fuer eisengiessereizwecke |
| DE3246324C2 (de) | 1982-12-15 | 1994-07-14 | CBF Carboform Ewald Schmidt, 4600 Dortmund | Verwendung von Kohlenstoffprodukten als Zusatz zu tongebundenen Gießereiformsandmassen |
| SU1184601A1 (ru) * | 1984-04-24 | 1985-10-15 | Всесоюзный Проектно-Технологический Институт Литейного Производства | Противопригарна краска дл литейных форм и стержней |
| SU1308421A1 (ru) * | 1985-07-19 | 1987-05-07 | Институт проблем литья АН УССР | Состав дл получени противопригарного покрыти литейных форм и стержней |
| SU1398977A1 (ru) * | 1986-11-11 | 1988-05-30 | Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Литейного Машиностроения,Литейной Технологии И Автоматизации Литейного Производства | Состав дл получени противопригарного покрыти на литейных формах и стержн х |
| DE3704726C3 (de) | 1987-02-14 | 1998-01-08 | Iko Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren zum Beschleunigen der Wasseradsorption von als Zuschlagstoff für Gießereiformsande verwendetem Bentonit |
| DE3812634A1 (de) | 1988-04-15 | 1989-10-26 | Sued Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von giessformen aus tongebundenem formsand |
| US5769933A (en) | 1996-06-21 | 1998-06-23 | Amcol International Corporation | Activated carbon foundry sand additives and method of casting metal for reduced VOC emissions |
| FR2771663B1 (fr) * | 1997-12-03 | 2000-02-18 | Manfred Buchler | Composition fluide capable de produire du carbone brillant au cours de la coulee du metal et son procede de preparation |
| DE10205158A1 (de) * | 2002-02-07 | 2003-08-21 | Iko Minerals Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines insbesondere im Kreislauf geführten Formsandes für Gießereizwecke |
| JP4701133B2 (ja) | 2006-06-28 | 2011-06-15 | 株式会社エヌ・ティ・ティ・ドコモ | 位置情報管理サーバ、移動体管理システム及び位置情報管理方法 |
| DE102007020586A1 (de) * | 2007-05-02 | 2008-11-06 | Ashland-Südchemie-Kernfest GmbH | Beschichtungsmassen für Gießformen und Kerne zur Vermeidung von Reaktionsgasfehlern |
| DE102007027621A1 (de) | 2007-06-12 | 2008-12-18 | S&B Industrial Minerals Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kern-und/oder Formsandes für Gießereizwecke |
| JP5441402B2 (ja) | 2008-01-22 | 2014-03-12 | 花王株式会社 | 鋳物製造用構造体、鋳物製造用構造体用組成物、鋳物製造用構造体の製造方法、及び鋳物の製造方法 |
-
2009
- 2009-09-16 DE DE102009041677A patent/DE102009041677A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2010
- 2010-09-10 PL PL10752733.5T patent/PL2477766T3/pl unknown
- 2010-09-10 ES ES10752733.5T patent/ES2576085T3/es active Active
- 2010-09-10 PT PT107527335T patent/PT2477766T/pt unknown
- 2010-09-10 WO PCT/EP2010/005573 patent/WO2011032668A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2010-09-10 EP EP10752733.5A patent/EP2477766B1/de not_active Revoked
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2011032668A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2011032668A3 (de) | 2011-09-15 |
| ES2576085T3 (es) | 2016-07-05 |
| PT2477766T (pt) | 2016-07-12 |
| WO2011032668A2 (de) | 2011-03-24 |
| DE102009041677A1 (de) | 2011-03-24 |
| EP2477766B1 (de) | 2016-03-30 |
| PL2477766T3 (pl) | 2016-10-31 |
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