EP2475752A1 - Composition de graisse - Google Patents
Composition de graisseInfo
- Publication number
- EP2475752A1 EP2475752A1 EP10763021A EP10763021A EP2475752A1 EP 2475752 A1 EP2475752 A1 EP 2475752A1 EP 10763021 A EP10763021 A EP 10763021A EP 10763021 A EP10763021 A EP 10763021A EP 2475752 A1 EP2475752 A1 EP 2475752A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composition according
- grease composition
- carbon atoms
- grease
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- -1 transition metal chalcogenide Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical group C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000005069 Extreme pressure additive Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052961 molybdenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;dioxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical class [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XYRMLECORMNZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-B [Mo+4].[Mo+4].[Mo+4].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S Chemical class [Mo+4].[Mo+4].[Mo+4].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S XYRMLECORMNZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052798 chalcogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001787 chalcogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- YLZKDFKNMPCZCH-UHFFFAOYSA-J [W](S)(S)(S)S Chemical compound [W](S)(S)(S)S YLZKDFKNMPCZCH-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052816 inorganic phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 27
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 11
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 101100069231 Caenorhabditis elegans gkow-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+) tetracarbamodithioate Chemical compound C(N)([S-])=S.[Mo+4].C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 5
- 241000234282 Allium Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000002732 Allium cepa var. cepa Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BTHAQRDGBHUQMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S]P(=O)=O Chemical compound [S]P(=O)=O BTHAQRDGBHUQMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910003090 WSe2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- TYQTYRXEMJXFJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorothious acid Chemical compound OP(O)S TYQTYRXEMJXFJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIHBGTRZFAVZRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)C(O)=O KIHBGTRZFAVZRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241001503987 Clematis vitalba Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910016021 MoTe2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020042 NbS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020039 NbSe2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020046 NbTe2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004211 TaS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004214 TaSe2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=O RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003092 TiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010322 TiS3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006247 ZrS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005600 alkyl phosphonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- LMZSPXZNYGLPAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butoxy-dihydroxy-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCCCOP(O)(O)=S LMZSPXZNYGLPAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNVKBJFKKJDBGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylsulfanylphosphonous acid Chemical compound CCCCSP(O)O MNVKBJFKKJDBGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CAVXVJGHUYVTRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy-octoxy-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=S CAVXVJGHUYVTRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORDPXYVBSFJMAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenoxy(phenylsulfanyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(SC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ORDPXYVBSFJMAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWBBUXCFWZBKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecoxy-dihydroxy-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=S ISWBBUXCFWZBKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQERTQNSHXPBQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylsulfanylphosphonous acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSP(O)O FQERTQNSHXPBQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010952 in-situ formation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- LPRVNTWNHMSTPR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;2-hydroxyoctadecanoate Chemical compound [Li+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)C([O-])=O LPRVNTWNHMSTPR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decene Natural products CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DSKNRIRUAYEWCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N octylsulfanylphosphonous acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCSP(O)O DSKNRIRUAYEWCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N palmitic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003017 phosphorus Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021391 short chain fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003580 thiophosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PPEZWDDRWXDXOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy(sulfanylidene)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCCCOP(=S)(OCCCC)OCCCC PPEZWDDRWXDXOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical class [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QTPJMTACJMLPLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(sulfanylidene)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)OCC QTPJMTACJMLPLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKXFIBBKEARMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenoxy(sulfanylidene)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=S)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IKXFIBBKEARMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010698 whale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/06—Mixtures of thickeners and additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/22—Compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
- C10M2201/066—Molybdenum sulfide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
- C10M2203/1065—Naphthenic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
- C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
- C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
- C10M2207/1265—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic used as thickening agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
- C10M2207/128—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids containing hydroxy groups; Ethers thereof
- C10M2207/1285—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids containing hydroxy groups; Ethers thereof used as thickening agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/14—Group 7
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/16—Groups 8, 9, or 10
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
- C10N2040/046—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for traction drives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to low friction coefficient grease compositions, particularly for use in constant velocity joints which are used in transmission lines of motor vehicles.
- a transmission joint or mechanical coupling is a mechanical system consisting of several moving parts relative to each other, or deformable, which allows the mutual drive of two rotating parts whose axes of rotation occupy variable relative positions during operation. In other words, it is a link that transmits the rotation of an axis to another axis moving relative to the first.
- a transmission joint is called homokinetic if, at any moment, the rotation speeds of the two shafts are equal.
- the greases used in constant velocity joints must not only have an anti-wear effect, but also have a low coefficient of friction to reduce or prevent noise, vibration and jolts.
- known constant velocity joint greases frequently contain anti-wear additives, which are for example phosphorus or phosphorus compounds, and friction modifiers, for example organic compounds containing molybdenum, which may have effects on one or the other of these properties, or both.
- anti-wear additives which are for example phosphorus or phosphorus compounds
- friction modifiers for example organic compounds containing molybdenum, which may have effects on one or the other of these properties, or both.
- the application EP 0435 745 describes, for example, a homokinetic joint grease comprising a mineral oil, a polyurea thickener, 0.5 to 5% by weight of molybdenum dithiophosphate (MoDTP) and 0.5 to 5% by weight. mass of Molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) as a friction modifier (MF), and 0.5 to 10% by weight of ZnDTP as EP agent, and 0.5 to 60% of a copolymer of ethylene and alpha olefin connected.
- MoDTC molybdenum dithiocarbamate
- EP 0708 172 also describes a low-friction grease for homokinetic joints comprising a base oil, a simple or complex lithium soap thickener, one or more organic components containing molybdenum, of the MoDTC or MoDTP type, at least one zinc dithiophosphate, a metal-free phospho-sulfur extreme pressure agent, a calcium salt of oxidized wax, petroleum sulfonate or aromatic alkylsulfonates.
- Patent FR 1 421 105 thus describes the use, for lowering the coefficient of friction of greases, of lubricant solids with a laminated crystalline structure in combination with metal salts of oxygenated phosphorus acids.
- WO 2007/085643 discloses low friction coefficient grease compositions for homokinetic joints comprising a base oil, one or more thiourea type thickeners, 0.1 to 5% by weight of particulate tungsten disulfide having an average size of less than 10 ⁇ (tanmikB marketed by Nippon Lubricant Ltd), and 0.1 to 5% by weight of one or more zinc dithiophosphates and / or molybdenum dithiocarbamate.
- US-P-5,516,439 discloses a grease composition
- a grease composition comprising (a) a base oil, (b) a lithium-based thickener, (c) a molybdenum compound which is a molybdenum dithiophosphate or a molybdenum dithiocarbamate, (d) ) a zinc dithiophosphate, (e) a metal salt.
- Solid lubricants such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2) or tungsten (WS 2) in the form of a sheet or in the form of fullerene to lower the coefficient of friction of greases.
- MoS 2 molybdenum disulfide
- WS 2 tungsten
- Harsh Conditions ", by Lev Rapoport, Fleischer Nieles, Reshef Tenne Adv. Mast. 2003 15, 651-655 thus compares the friction properties of a reference grease consisting of Lithium thickened base oil, then additive of WS2 slip and finally WS2 fullerene.
- the Applicant has demonstrated a synergistic effect between solid friction modifiers of transition metal chalocogenides in the form of inorganic fullerenes, with anti-wear and extreme pressure compounds of organophospho-sulfur type, in thickened greases, especially in lithium soaps.
- the present invention relates to fat compositions comprising:
- the thickener (b) is composed mainly of at least one metal soap of fatty acid.
- the metallic soap (s) of fatty acid constitutes at least 50%, preferably at least 80% by weight of the thickener (b) in said compositions.
- one or more transition metal chalcogenides having an inorganic fullerene structure used in the grease compositions according to the invention are grafted onto the surface by inorganic phosphate groups.
- the chalcogen of at least one solid lubricant (c) is selected from S, Se, Te.
- the transition metals of at least one solid lubricant (c) are chosen from Mo, W, Zr,
- At least one solid lubricant (c) is a transition metal dichalcogenide, preferably Molybdenum disulfide MoS2 or WS2 tungsten bisulfide with an inorganic fullerene structure.
- the solid lubricants (c) consist of particles with a diameter of between 80 and 220 nm, preferably between 100 and 200 nanometers.
- the grease composition according to the invention advantageously contains at least one anti-wear and / or extreme pressure additive (d) which is chosen from phosphoric, phosphorous, thiophosphoric or thiophosphorous acids, or their derivatives, dithiophosphates, preferentially zinc or molybdenum dithiophosphates, phosphorothionates, amine phosphates
- d anti-wear and / or extreme pressure additive
- the grease compositions according to the invention contain at least one anti-wear and / or extreme pressure additive (d) chosen from Zinc dithiophosphates of formula:
- R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4 are, independently of one another, linear or branched alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 24, preferably from 3 to 20 carbon atoms or optionally substituted aryl groups containing from 6 to 30, preferably from 8 to at 18 carbon atoms.
- the grease compositions according to one of the claims of the invention contain at least one antiwear and / or extreme pressure additive (d) is chosen from Molybdenum dithiophosphates of formula:
- R5, R6, R7, R8 are, independently of one another, linear or branched alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 24, preferably from 3 to 20 carbon atoms or optionally substituted aryl groups containing from 6 to 30, preferably from 8 to to 18 carbon atoms, optionally in combination with the above-mentioned anti-wear and / or extreme pressure additive, in particular the aforementioned Zinc dithiophosphates.
- said metal soaps are simple fatty metal soaps comprising from 14 to 28 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated, hydroxylated or otherwise, and and / or complex metal soaps of one or more fatty acids comprising from 14 to 28 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated, hydroxylated or otherwise, in combination with one or more short chain hydrocarbon carboxylic acids comprising from 6 to 12 carbon atoms. carbon.
- the metal fatty acid soaps are chosen from aluminum titanium soaps, or alkali and alkaline earth metals, preferably lithium, calcium, sodium, barium.
- the grease compositions according to the invention contain at least one base oil (a) is an oil of synthetic origin, preferably chosen from polyalphaolefins
- the base oil or the base oil mixture (a) of the grease compositions according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. according to ASTM D 445 of between 70 and 140 cSt, preferably between 90 and 100 cSt.
- grease compositions according to the invention whose consistency according to ASTM D217 is between 265 and 385 tenths of a millimeter, preferably between 265 and 295, or between 310 and 340, or between 335 and 385 tenths of a millimeter. preferably between 310 and 340 tenths of millimeters.
- the grease compositions according to the invention comprise:
- the present invention also relates to the use of the aforementioned grease compositions in the constant velocity joints of motor vehicle transmissions.
- the present invention also relates to a homokinetic joint containing a grease composition as described above.
- the other base oil (s) used in the compositions according to the present invention may be oils of mineral or synthetic origin of groups I to VI according to the classes defined in the API classification (American Petroleum Institute).
- the mineral base oils according to the invention include all types of bases obtained by atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil, followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction, desalphating, solvent dewaxing, hydrotreatment, hydrocracking and hydroisomerization, hydrofinishing.
- the base oils of the grease compositions according to the present invention may also be synthetic oils, such as certain esters, silicones, glycols, polybutene, polyalphaolefins (PAO).
- synthetic oils such as certain esters, silicones, glycols, polybutene, polyalphaolefins (PAO).
- the base oils may also be oils of natural origin, for example esters of alcohol and carboxylic acids, obtainable from natural resources such as sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil. ...
- synthetic oils of polyoaplphafine (PAO) type are present.
- the polyalphaolefins are for example obtained from monomers having from 4 to 32 carbon atoms (for example octene, decene). Their weight average molecular weight is typically between 250 and 3000.
- the base oil mixture is set so that its viscosity at 40 ° C. according to ASTM D 445 is between 40 and 140 cSt, preferably between 90 and 100 cSt.
- a wide range of light polyalphaolefins can be used, such as for example PAO 6 (31 cSt at 40 ° C), PAO 8 (48 cSt at 40 ° C), or heavy, such as PAO 40 ( 400 cSt at 40 ° C), or PAO 100 (1000 cSt at 40 ° C).
- the greases according to the invention can be thickened with the thickeners conventionally used in the grease industry, namely mainly the metal fatty acid soaps, and optionally inorganic thickeners such as bentonite or alumino silicates, or even polyureas.
- the thickeners conventionally used in the grease industry, namely mainly the metal fatty acid soaps, and optionally inorganic thickeners such as bentonite or alumino silicates, or even polyureas.
- Metallic fatty acid soaps can be prepared separately, or in situ during the manufacture of the fat (in the latter case, the fatty acid (s) are dissolved in the base oil, and then the metal hydroxide is added. appropriate).
- These thickeners are commonly used products in the field of fats, readily available and inexpensive. They present the best technical compromise, combining both good mechanical properties, good thermal resistance, and good water resistance.
- Long-chain fatty acids typically comprising from 10 to 28 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated, optionally hydroxylated, are preferably used.
- Long-chain fatty acids are, for example, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic, behenic, oleic, linoleic and erucic acids, and their hydroxylated derivatives.
- Hydroxystearic acid 12 is the best known derivative of this class, and preferred.
- These long-chain fatty acids generally come from vegetable oils, for example palm oil, castor oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, ... or animal fats (tallow, whale oil, etc.).
- So-called simple soaps can be formed using one or more long-chain fatty acids.
- So-called complex soaps can also be formed by using one or more long-chain fatty acids in combination with one or more short-chain hydrocarbon carboxylic acids having at most 8 carbon atoms.
- the saponification agent used to make the soap may be a metal compound of Lithium, Sodium, Calcium, Barium, Titanium, Aluminum, preferably Lithium and Calcium, and preferably a hydroxide, oxide or carbonate of these metals.
- One or more metal compounds may be used in the greases according to the invention. So we can associate soaps lithium, combined with calcium soaps to a lesser extent. This has the advantage of improving the water resistance of greases.
- the metal soaps are used at levels of the order of 5 to 20% by weight, preferably 8 to 15% by weight, typically 12% by weight in the greases according to the invention.
- the amount of metallic soap (s) is generally adjusted to obtain grade 0, grade 1 or grade 2 fats according to the NLGI classification.
- the greases according to the invention mainly contain metal fatty acid soaps as thickeners.
- metal soap of fatty acids, simple or complex, together represent the highest percentage by weight in the greases according to the invention, compared to the percentage by weight of the other thickening materials.
- the quantity of the metal soap or fatty acids, simple or complex constitutes at least 50%, more preferably at least 80% by weight relative to the total weight of thickening materials, in the grease compositions according to the invention. invention.
- the greases according to the invention may contain, as the major thickener, metal soap of simple or complex fatty acids, and smaller amounts of other thickeners, such as polyureas, or inorganic thickeners, such as bentonite or alumino silicates.
- the greases according to the invention are free of polyurea thickeners.
- the improvement of the friction properties observed during the introduction of inorganic fullerene friction modifiers in polyurea-thickened fats is less.
- the greases according to the invention exclusively contain simple or complex fatty acid metal soaps as thickeners.
- the solid lubricants used in the greases according to the invention are transition metal chalcogenides having an inorganic fullerene structure.
- fullerene denotes a closed convex polyhedron nanostructure composed of carbon atoms.
- Fullerenes are similar to graphite, composed of linked hexagonal ring sheets, but they contain pentagonal, and sometimes heptagonal rings, which prevent the structure from being flat.
- EP 0580 019 also describes these structures and their method of synthesis.
- inorganic fullerenes are generally attributable to their quasi-spherical structure and onions, which allows them, instead of adhering to contacts during friction, such as sheet structures, to exfoliate little by little or to mechanically deform, hence their recommendation as solid lubricants.
- This spherical onion structure exists in all transition metal chalcogenides with an inorganic fullerene structure (see, for example, Tenne, R. Nature Nanotech, 2006, 1, 103 cited above).
- the inorganic fullerenes with onion structure are thus preferred in the field of lubrication and in greases according to the invention. These are typically spheres of the order of 80 to 220 nm, and containing a few tens of concentric layers, typically 25 to 100 or 150 layers, or beyond.
- the solid lubricants used in the greases according to the invention are chalcogenides of transition metals.
- the transition metals may be, for example, tungsten, molybdenum, zirconium, hafnium, platinum, rhenium, titanium, tantalum, niobium, preferably molybdenum or tungsten, and the chalcogen may be, for example, sulfur, selenium or tellurium. , preferably sulfur or tellurium.
- the transition metal chalcogenides may be for example MoS2, MoSe2, MoTe2, WS2, WSe2, ZrS2, ZrSe2, HfS2, HfSe2, PtS2, ReS2, ReSe2, TiS3, ZrS3, ZrSe3, HfS3, HfSe3, TiS2, TaS2, TaSe2.
- these are dichalcogenides, preferentially WS2, WSe2,
- chalcogenides may also contain several transition metals, such as, for example, the compounds described in application WO 2009/034572.
- They can also be surface-grafted with polymers, for example polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, etc. to improve their dispersion, or phosphate groups, so as to reinforce their anti-wear action.
- polymers for example polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, etc. to improve their dispersion, or phosphate groups, so as to reinforce their anti-wear action.
- these compounds are often in the form of pastes containing about 75% by weight of fullerene metal chalcogenides and about 25% by weight of lubricating oil.
- the weight percentages given in this application refer, unless otherwise stated, to metal chalcogenides alone.
- the grease compositions according to the invention preferably comprise from 0.1 to 5% by weight of transition metal chalcogenides of fullerene structure, preferably from 0.2 to 2% by weight.
- Organo phospho sulfur and / or organophosphorus compounds The phospho sulfur and / or phosphorus compounds used in the greases according to the invention are preferably chosen from the phospho-sulfur antiwear and extreme pressure additives used in the formulation of greases and lubricants.
- thiophosphoric acid thiophosphorous acid
- esters of these acids their salts
- dithiophosphates particularly the dithiophosphates of zinc or molybdenum.
- the organo phospho sulfur and organophosphorus compounds are better dispersed in the oily medium and more effective.
- Inorganic compounds such as for example calcium phosphates, can also be used in fats, but rather as thickeners.
- Examples which may be mentioned as examples of phospho-sulfur-containing anti-wear and extreme pressure additives are those containing from 1 to 3 sulfur atoms, such as monobutylthiophosphate, monooctylthiophosphate, monolaurylthiophosphate, dibutylthiophosphate, dilaurylthiophosphate, tributylthiophosphate, triethylthiophosphate, triphenylthiophosphate, trilaurylthiophosphate, monobutylthiophosphite, monooctylthiophosphite, monolaurylthiophosphite, dibutylthiophosphite, dilaurylthiophosphite, tributylthiophosphite, trioctylthiophosphite, triphenylthiophosphite, trilaurylthiophosphite and their salts.
- sulfur atoms such as monobutyl
- salts of thiophosphoric acid esters and thiophosphorous acid are those obtained by reaction with a nitrogen compound such as ammonia or an amine, for example amine phosphate, or zinc oxide or zinc chloride.
- the phosphorothionates for example the triphenylphosphorothionates, more preferably those in which the phenyl groups are substituted with alkyl groups, are preferably used for preventing organophosphorus-containing wear.
- organophospho sulfur-containing anti-wear compounds will be preferred in the greases according to the invention, since the presence of sulfur promotes the extreme pressure properties of the greases.
- the lubricant compositions according to the present invention may also contain organophosphorus anti-wear and extreme pressure additives, such as, for example, alkyl phosphates or alkyl phosphonates, phosphorous acid mono, di and triesters and phosphoric acid, and their salts.
- R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4 are, independently of one another, linear or branched alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 24, preferably from 3 to 20 carbon atoms or optionally substituted aryl groups containing from 6 to 30, preferably from 8 to at 18 carbon atoms.
- R5, R6, R7, R8 are, independently of one another, linear or branched alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 24, preferably from 3 to 20 carbon atoms or optionally substituted aryl groups containing from 6 to 30, preferably from 8 to at 18 carbon atoms.
- the greases according to the invention may also contain any type of additive suitable for their use, for example antioxidants, such as amines or phenolics, antirust which may be oxygenated compounds such as esters, copper passivates.
- antioxidants such as amines or phenolics
- antirust which may be oxygenated compounds such as esters, copper passivates.
- the greases according to the invention may also contain polymers, for example polyisobutene (PIB), at contents generally of between 5 and 10%, which imparts improved cohesiveness to fats, which is more resistant to centrifugation. These polymers also result in better adhesiveness of the grease to the surfaces, and increase the viscosity of the base oil fraction, thus the thickness of the oil film between the friction parts.
- PIB polyisobutene
- the greases according to the invention are preferably manufactured by forming the metal soap in situ.
- One or more fatty acids are dissolved in a fraction of the base oil or base oil mixture at room temperature. This fraction is generally of the order of 50% of the total amount of oil contained in the final fat.
- the fatty acids can be long acids, comprising from 14 to 28 carbon atoms, to form a simple soap, optionally combined with short fatty acids, comprising from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, to form complex soaps.
- metal compounds preferably metal hydroxide type.
- the preferred metal of the compositions according to the invention is lithium, possibly combined, to a lesser extent, with calcium.
- the saponification reaction of the fatty acids is allowed to proceed with the metal compound (s) at a temperature of about 100 to 110 ° C.
- the water formed is then evaporated by cooking the mixture at a temperature of about 200 ° C.
- the grease is then cooled by the remaining fraction of base oil.
- the additives are then incorporated at about 80 ° C.
- the mixture is then kneaded for a time sufficient to obtain a homogeneous fat composition.
- the consistency of a grease measures its hardness or fluidity at rest. It is quantified by the depth of penetration of a cone of given dimensions and mass. The fat is previously subjected to mixing. The conditions for measuring the consistency of a grease are defined by ASTM D 217.
- the fats are divided into 9 classes or 9 NLGI grades (National Lubricating Grease Institute) commonly used in the field of fats. These grades are shown in the table below.
- the greases according to the invention are preferably fluid or semi-fluid greases with a consistency greater than 265 tenths of a millimeter, preferably between 265 and 385 tenths of a millimeter according to ASTM D217.
- they are NLGI grade 0, 1 or 2, that is to say that their consistency is respectively between 335 and 385, or 310 and 340, or 265 and 295 tenths of a millimeter according to ASTM D217.
- Grease compositions containing various friction modifiers and / or organo phospho sulfur compounds are prepared from a grease foot comprising mineral and synthetic base oils thickened with complex lithium soap.
- the composition of the mixture leading to this foot of fat is shown in Table 1 below.
- the term "grease foot” commonly refers to a person skilled in the art as a grease composition containing only base oils and thickeners, and no additive.
- the base oil mixture is set so that its viscosity at 40 ° C. according to ASTM D 445 is between 40 and 140 cSt, preferably between 90 and 100 cSt.
- the weight% indicated is that of a paste composed of 75% by weight of nanometric WS2 fullerenes dispersed in a synthetic base oil (PAO 6).
- Example 1 The greases prepared in Example 1 were evaluated by measuring their coefficient of friction on Cameron Plint cylinder / plane tribometer friction.
- test conditions on the tribometer are as follows:
- Grease temperature 75 ° C (representative of operating temperatures).
- Mobile pin (cylinder) steel C with a roughness of 25 nm
- the anti-wear properties of the greases prepared in Example 1 were evaluated using the 4-ball wear test, according to ASTM D2266.
- the weight% indicated is that of a pulp composed of 75% by weight of nanoscale WS2 fullerenes dispersed in a synthetic base oil (PAO 6)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
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PL10763021T PL2475752T3 (pl) | 2009-09-10 | 2010-09-10 | Kompozycja smaru |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0904326A FR2949786B1 (fr) | 2009-09-10 | 2009-09-10 | Composition de graisse. |
PCT/IB2010/054099 WO2011030315A1 (fr) | 2009-09-10 | 2010-09-10 | Composition de graisse |
Publications (2)
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EP2475752A1 true EP2475752A1 (fr) | 2012-07-18 |
EP2475752B1 EP2475752B1 (fr) | 2017-06-14 |
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EP10763021.2A Active EP2475752B1 (fr) | 2009-09-10 | 2010-09-10 | Composition de graisse |
Country Status (13)
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US (1) | US20120165104A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2475752B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5668069B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR101774902B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN102482604B (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112012005498B1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2771772C (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2640399T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2949786B1 (fr) |
IN (1) | IN2012DN01906A (fr) |
MX (1) | MX2012002923A (fr) |
PL (1) | PL2475752T3 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011030315A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2013123659A1 (fr) * | 2012-02-23 | 2013-08-29 | Zhang Leizhen | Arbre principal électrique à grande vitesse et dépourvu de nuage d'huile |
US20140162915A1 (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2014-06-12 | N1 Technologies Inc | Enhanced Lubricant Formulation |
CN103160369B (zh) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-06-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种自修复复合钛基润滑脂及其制备方法 |
FR3004723B1 (fr) * | 2013-04-19 | 2016-04-15 | Total Raffinage Marketing | Composition lubrifiante a base de nanoparticules metalliques |
FR3018079B1 (fr) * | 2014-02-28 | 2017-06-23 | Total Marketing Services | Composition lubrifiante a base de nanoparticules metalliques |
JP6544953B2 (ja) * | 2014-05-29 | 2019-07-17 | 株式会社リコー | 画像形成装置及びグリース組成物 |
RU2619933C1 (ru) * | 2016-06-24 | 2017-05-22 | Виталий Богданович Черногиль | Ремонтно-восстановительная добавка к жидким и пластичным смазочным материалам |
CN107384530B (zh) * | 2017-07-26 | 2020-07-07 | 深圳市威勒科技股份有限公司 | 一种引擎用极压抗磨剂及其制备方法 |
CN107523376A (zh) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-12-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种含有纳米填料润滑脂组合物及制备方法 |
CA3089149C (fr) | 2018-01-23 | 2024-02-27 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Compositions nanoparticulaires polymeres inorganiques, leur procede de fabrication et leur utilisation en tant qu'additifs pour lubrifiants |
ES2893267T3 (es) * | 2018-01-23 | 2022-02-08 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Composiciones de nanopartículas poliméricas-inorgánicas, proceso de fabricación de las mismas y su uso como aditivos para lubricantes |
WO2021052577A1 (fr) | 2019-09-18 | 2021-03-25 | Gkn Driveline International Gmbh | Composition de graisse comprenant du sulfure de zinc avec du disulfure de molybdène et/ou du disulfure de tungstène destinée à des joints homocinétiques |
WO2021083511A1 (fr) | 2019-10-30 | 2021-05-06 | Gkn Driveline International Gmbh | Composition de graisse comprenant du sulfure de zinc et du sulfure de cuivre en combinaison avec du disulfure de molybdène et/ou du disulfure de tungstène destinée à être utilisée dans des joints homocinétiques |
CN111394154B (zh) * | 2020-04-20 | 2022-03-04 | 上海金兆节能科技有限公司 | 有机钼高温润滑脂及其制备方法 |
CN116323876A (zh) * | 2020-08-07 | 2023-06-23 | 纳米技术工业解决方案公司 | 包括无机富勒烯样颗粒的润滑脂组合物 |
JP2022062423A (ja) * | 2020-10-08 | 2022-04-20 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 湿式クラッチ装置及び湿式ブレーキ装置 |
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DE1594479C2 (de) | 1964-01-30 | 1980-12-04 | Dow Corning Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen | Zusatzstoffe für Schmiermittel zur Verbesserung ihrer Hochdruckeigenschaften |
EP0435745B1 (fr) | 1989-12-27 | 1993-11-10 | Nissan Motor Company Limited | Graisse pour joint homocinétique |
ES2135427T3 (es) | 1992-07-08 | 1999-11-01 | Yeda Res & Dev | Peliculas finas y orientadas policristalinas de calgogenuros de un metal de transicion. |
KR0181616B1 (ko) * | 1994-07-15 | 1999-04-01 | 고후네 아끼라 | 등속조인트용 그리스 조성물 |
JP3320569B2 (ja) | 1994-10-21 | 2002-09-03 | 協同油脂株式会社 | 等速ジョイント用グリース組成物 |
JP4248688B2 (ja) * | 1999-06-29 | 2009-04-02 | 協同油脂株式会社 | 等速ジョイント用グリース組成物 |
JP4524007B2 (ja) * | 1999-06-29 | 2010-08-11 | 協同油脂株式会社 | 等速ジョイント用グリース組成物 |
JP3778410B2 (ja) * | 1999-08-27 | 2006-05-24 | 協同油脂株式会社 | 自動車ステアリング用グリース組成物 |
JP4520756B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-26 | 2010-08-11 | 新日本石油株式会社 | 等速ジョイント用グリース組成物 |
JP4809603B2 (ja) * | 2004-11-25 | 2011-11-09 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 等速ジョイント |
ES2664405T3 (es) * | 2005-04-07 | 2018-04-19 | Yeda Research And Development Co., Ltd. | Procedimiento y aparato de producción de nanopartículas inorgánicas de tipo fullereno |
JP4886304B2 (ja) | 2006-01-27 | 2012-02-29 | 昭和シェル石油株式会社 | グリース組成物 |
JP2009063154A (ja) * | 2007-09-10 | 2009-03-26 | Nsk Ltd | 転動装置 |
JP5607529B2 (ja) | 2007-09-10 | 2014-10-15 | イエダ・リサーチ・アンド・デベロツプメント・カンパニー・リミテツド | フラーレン状ナノ構造体、その使用及びその製造プロセス |
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2009
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2010
- 2010-09-10 WO PCT/IB2010/054099 patent/WO2011030315A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2010-09-10 BR BR112012005498-8A patent/BR112012005498B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2010-09-10 JP JP2012528495A patent/JP5668069B2/ja active Active
- 2010-09-10 US US13/394,445 patent/US20120165104A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-09-10 CA CA2771772A patent/CA2771772C/fr active Active
- 2010-09-10 CN CN201080040328.6A patent/CN102482604B/zh active Active
- 2010-09-10 EP EP10763021.2A patent/EP2475752B1/fr active Active
- 2010-09-10 ES ES10763021.2T patent/ES2640399T3/es active Active
- 2010-09-10 KR KR1020127009187A patent/KR101774902B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2010-09-10 MX MX2012002923A patent/MX2012002923A/es unknown
- 2010-09-10 PL PL10763021T patent/PL2475752T3/pl unknown
-
2012
- 2012-03-02 IN IN1906DEN2012 patent/IN2012DN01906A/en unknown
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See references of WO2011030315A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL2475752T3 (pl) | 2017-12-29 |
ES2640399T3 (es) | 2017-11-02 |
US20120165104A1 (en) | 2012-06-28 |
MX2012002923A (es) | 2012-04-30 |
EP2475752B1 (fr) | 2017-06-14 |
FR2949786A1 (fr) | 2011-03-11 |
KR101774902B1 (ko) | 2017-09-05 |
JP2013504649A (ja) | 2013-02-07 |
JP5668069B2 (ja) | 2015-02-12 |
BR112012005498A2 (pt) | 2020-07-21 |
KR20120079092A (ko) | 2012-07-11 |
CN102482604B (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
CA2771772A1 (fr) | 2011-03-17 |
CA2771772C (fr) | 2018-07-24 |
IN2012DN01906A (fr) | 2015-07-24 |
WO2011030315A1 (fr) | 2011-03-17 |
CN102482604A (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
BR112012005498B1 (pt) | 2021-07-20 |
FR2949786B1 (fr) | 2013-07-05 |
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