EP2462941B1 - Method and installation for extraction of plant raw material - Google Patents
Method and installation for extraction of plant raw material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2462941B1 EP2462941B1 EP10472002.4A EP10472002A EP2462941B1 EP 2462941 B1 EP2462941 B1 EP 2462941B1 EP 10472002 A EP10472002 A EP 10472002A EP 2462941 B1 EP2462941 B1 EP 2462941B1
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- Prior art keywords
- extraction
- extractor
- plant
- raw material
- plant raw
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims description 51
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 title claims description 41
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 22
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 59
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000234270 Amaryllidaceae Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003797 alkaloid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000223141 Leucojum aestivum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000234479 Narcissus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000956 solid--liquid extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001633636 Galanthus elwesii Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000234283 Galanthus nivalis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims 1
- ASUTZQLVASHGKV-JDFRZJQESA-N galanthamine Chemical compound O1C(=C23)C(OC)=CC=C2CN(C)CC[C@]23[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)C=C2 ASUTZQLVASHGKV-JDFRZJQESA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229960003980 galantamine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- ASUTZQLVASHGKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N galanthamine hydrochloride Natural products O1C(=C23)C(OC)=CC=C2CN(C)CCC23C1CC(O)C=C2 ASUTZQLVASHGKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000533950 Leucojum Species 0.000 description 2
- AIXQQSTVOSFSMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-norgalanthamine Natural products O1C(=C23)C(OC)=CC=C2CNCCC23C1CC(O)C=C2 AIXQQSTVOSFSMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HPOIPOPJGBKXIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dimethoxy-10-methyl-galantham-1-ene Natural products O1C(C(=CC=2)OC)=C3C=2CN(C)CCC23C1CC(OC)C=C2 HPOIPOPJGBKXIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPCKPBWOSNVCEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlidanthine Natural products O1C(C(=CC=2)O)=C3C=2CN(C)CCC23C1CC(OC)C=C2 LPCKPBWOSNVCEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001532689 Narcissus pseudonarcissus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- BGLNUNCBNALFOZ-WMLDXEAASA-N galanthamine Natural products COc1ccc2CCCC[C@@]34C=CCC[C@@H]3Oc1c24 BGLNUNCBNALFOZ-WMLDXEAASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IYVSXSLYJLAZAT-NOLJZWGESA-N lycoramine Natural products CN1CC[C@@]23CC[C@H](O)C[C@@H]2Oc4cccc(C1)c34 IYVSXSLYJLAZAT-NOLJZWGESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000874 microwave-assisted extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/88—Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/0211—Solvent extraction of solids in combination with an electric or magnetic field
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/028—Flow sheets
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method for extraction of plant raw material, from plant species of the Amaryllidaceae, for obtaining alkaloids that find application as medicines, cosmetics and food supplements, and it also relates to an installation for extraction of plant raw material.
- Alkaloids are known to be widely used separately in pure form and as a total extract, which justifies the development of numerous methods for their isolation from a number of natural sources, in particular from plant raw material.
- Literature sources reveal different technologies based on the principle of solid-liquid extraction of alkaloids.
- a method for isolation of alkaloids from the Amaryllidaceae is described in BG 25140 , according to which the milled drug is alkalized and subjected to extraction with water at 30-40°C and pH 9-11.
- the total alkaloid is subjected to treatment for separation of individual alkaloids.
- the extraction is multi-step and the extract obtained has low alkaloid content.
- a method for extraction of alkaloids for preparation of galanthamine from the same plant source is described in GB 938767 , where the plant raw material, after alkalization with ammonia, is subjected to extraction with a water non-miscible organic solvent. This extraction is also a multi-step one and the extract obtained has low alkaloid content. The operation involves work with highly toxic solvents.
- microwave radiation at a certain step of the extraction process is used in a number of cases of extraction of biological substances from plant raw material.
- the analysis of the patent situation in the world shows that various methods with or without solvents have been developed and specific microwave radiation regimen and extraction conditions have been established for the different plant sources and obtained products.
- patent EP 0 485 668 is described a method of microwave extraction of plant raw material, using non-polar extractant penetrable or partially penetrable to microwave radiation, The extractant together with the raw material is fed in the extractor, and is subjected to microwave radiation after which the processed material is separated and the extract obtained is subjected to evaporation and condensation,.
- the described method and installation are intended for recovery of essential oils and terpenes, in which organic solvents and other toxic reagents are used.
- CN 1239504 C is known a method for extraction of alkaloids from plant species of the Amaryllidaceae, in particular from tubers of the said plant species, in which the plant material dried to a definite degree is placed in a microwave oven and is subjected to microwave radiation. After that, the radiated powdered raw material is taken out from the microwave oven and is subjected to extraction with a solvent selected from water, acid solution or an organic solvent. The extraction is performed upon heating on a reflux or stirring at room temperature, after which filtration of the extract is performed.
- the microwave radiation frequency is over 300 MHz
- the power is 50-50000 W
- the time for microwave radiation is from 0,5 to 120 min.
- This method requires separate equipment - for microwave radiation and for accomplishment of the extraction.
- An extractor for isolation of valuable components from plant and animal raw materials is known from patent RU 2 283 161 (C2 ).
- the extractor has a body, an open-top lidded cylinder positioned coaxially to it, a pressure generator with pressure ranging from heightened to lowered pressure, and the relevant pipelines, extract collector, low and high pressure receivers, controllable valves, an extractant tank, a piston pump for extractant injection, nozzle for the extractant, microwave radiation sources, a super high frequency oscillator, a power unit and a control unit.
- the said extractor is complicated for execution, maintenance and control. Besides, it is not designated for obtaining specifically of alkaloids from plant raw material.
- the problems that should be solved are to achieve a quantitative obtaining alkaloids from plant raw material, in particular from plant species of the Amaryllidaceae, which is energetically economic, and yet no harmful solvents to be used, to achieve a maximum degree of isolation, to reduce the process duration, to ensure ecological cleanliness of the entire manufacture and microbial purity of the extract. It is necessary to create an installation for accomplishment of extraction of plant raw material, including an extractor and a microwave source, which is compact, with minimum number of equipment and which allows intensive mass exchange process and automatic process control.
- a method for extraction of plant raw material for obtaining alkaloids, including at least one extraction with extractant of alkaline aqueous solution and application of microwave radiation of the plant material during extraction and subsequent separation of the plant material and extract that in a given case is subjected to concentration, where the microwave radiation parameters being as follows: power from 0,850 to 2,55 kW, frequency - 2450 MHz, duration up to 120 min and temperature from 30 to 35°C.
- the extraction is conducted in a regimen of periodic forced circulation of the liquid, and the extract is filtered, enters the circulation contour and returns to the extractor.
- the plant raw material is the aerial part of Amaryllidaceae plants, in particular of Leucojum aesivum, Galantus nivalis, Galantus elewesii, and Narcissus species.
- the solvent is selected from aqueous solution of calcium carbonate, ammonia, sodium hydroxide, the ratio of plant raw material: extractant being from 1:4 to 1:20.
- the exhausted plant raw material is taken out of the extractor and the extract obtained is taken out necessary to create an installation for accomplishment of extraction of plant raw material, including an extractor and a microwave source, which is compact, with minimum number of equipment and which allows intensive mass exchange process and automatic process control.
- a method for extraction of plant raw material for obtaining alkaloids, including at least one extraction with alkaline aqueous extractant and application of microwave radiation of the plant material during extraction and subsequent separation of the plant material and extract that in a given case is subjected to concentration, where the microwave radiation parameters being as follows: power from 0,850 to 2,55 kW, frequency - 2450 MHz, duration up to 120 min and temperature from 30 to 35°C.
- the extraction is conducted in a regimen of periodic forced circulation of the liquid, and the extract is filtered, enters the circulation contour and returns to the extractor.
- the plant raw material is the aerial part of Amaryllidaceae plants, in particular of Leucojum aesivum, Galantus nivalis, Galantus elewesii, and Narcissus species.
- the alkaline aqueous extractant is selected from aqueous solution of calcium carbonate, ammonia, sodium hydroxide, the ratio of plant raw material: extractant being from 1:4 to 1:20.
- the exhausted plant raw material is taken out of the extractor and the extract obtained is taken out of the circulation contour, thus avoiding the necessity of additional separation and inclusion of one more device for the purpose.
- the temperature, extraction time, heating and recirculation time are automatically controlled.
- the installation for accomplishment of the method according to the invention comprises: a tank for a solvent, connected to an extractor placed in a chamber, a microwave source-magnetron is assembled to the chamber wall.
- the bottom part of the extractor ends in an outlet for the extract to the circulation contour, which is connected to the top part of the extractor.
- a filter, a temperature sensor, a pump, a drain valve, a circulation valve and a pH meter are fitted in the circulation contour.
- An inner perforated-wall container, connected to a device for carrying in and taking out of the extractor, is positioned in the extractor.
- the temperature sensor, pump, drain valve and circulation valve are connected to a control unit.
- Fig. 1 presents schematically the installation according to the invention.
- Fig.1 illustrates schematically the installation. It comprises: a tank for the solvent (1), connected to an extractor (2) that is placed in a chamber (3), a microwave source- magnetron (4) is assembled to the wall of chamber (3).
- Circulation contour (5) is connected to the outlet in the bottom part of extractor (2).
- the circulation contour (5) also is connected to the top part of the extractor (2).
- a filter (6), a temperature sensor (7), a pump (8), a drain valve (9), a circulation valve (10) and a pH meter (11) are fitted in the circulation contour (5).
- Inner perforated-wall container (12) connected to a device for carrying in and taking out of the extractor (not shown on the figure), is positioned in the extractor.
- the circulation contour is connected through a drain valve (9) to an extract collector (13).
- the temperature sensor (7), pump (8), drain valve (9) and circulation valve (10) are connected to control unit (14).
- the installation works as follows: The previously prepared dried plant material is placed in the perforated-wall container (12) outside the extractor (2), the container (12) is lowered in the extractor (2), the solvent is fed, the microwave source is turned on. While the extraction is running, the liquid is led out of the extractor at specified intervals of time through a filter (6) and is fed into the circulation contour (5). Circulation is regulated by a valve (10). After completion of extraction, the microwave source is turned off, the extract is drained through a filter (6) and a valve (9) into a collector (13) and the container (12) is taken out of the extractor.
- the installation works as follows: The previously prepared dried plant material is placed in the perforated-wall container (12) outside the extractor (2), the container (12) is lowered in the extractor (2), the solvent is fed, the microwave source is turned on. While the extraction is running, the liquid is led out of the extractor at specified intervals of time through a filter (6) and is fed into the circulation contour (5). Circulation is regulated by a valve (10). After completion of extraction, the microwave source is turned off, the extract is drained through a filter (6) and a valve (9) into a collector (13) and the container (12) is taken out of the extractor.
- the extract obtained After completion of extraction, the extract obtained, through the filter (6) by means of the pump (8) and through the drain valve (12), enters the collector (13).
- the plant raw material is again poured with alkaline solution and a second extraction is performed under the same conditions. Both extracts are united.
- the alkaloid content is more than 0,05 %, and the galantamine content is more than 80 %. Yield of alkaloids - 99 %.
- the extract obtained After completion of extraction, the extract obtained, through the filter (6) by means of the pump (8) and through the drain valve (12), enters the collector (13).
- the plant raw material is again poured with alkaline solution of ammonia and a second extraction is performed under the same conditions. Both extracts are united.
- the alkaloid content is more than 0,05 %, and the galantamine content is below 10%.
Description
- This invention relates to a method for extraction of plant raw material, from plant species of the Amaryllidaceae, for obtaining alkaloids that find application as medicines, cosmetics and food supplements, and it also relates to an installation for extraction of plant raw material.
- Alkaloids are known to be widely used separately in pure form and as a total extract, which justifies the development of numerous methods for their isolation from a number of natural sources, in particular from plant raw material.
- The various plant species contain different quantity of varied alkaloids, which requires a specific approach and development of an appropriate method for isolation.
- Literature sources reveal different technologies based on the principle of solid-liquid extraction of alkaloids. Thus, for example, a method for isolation of alkaloids from the Amaryllidaceae is described in
BG 25140 - A method for extraction of alkaloids for preparation of galanthamine from the same plant source is described in
GB 938767 - Obtaining alkaloids by extraction with water, low alcohols or their aqueous mixtures is described in
GB 942200 - Obtaining of alkaloids from galantamine-containing plants by means of alkaline solutions of inorganic bases or water miscible organic solvents, as well as water non-miscible solvents, is described in international application
WO 2006/063666 . The extraction is performed at a temperature ranging from 20°C to the boiling temperature of the solvent, followed by separation of the complex mixture of alkaloids and the relevant extractant. - The known methods of solid-liquid extraction have long duration of the technological process, use large quantities of raw material and solvents, pollute to a great rate the environment in their industrial application and the extract obtained is with a high rate of impurities.
- Furthermore, it is known that microwave radiation at a certain step of the extraction process is used in a number of cases of extraction of biological substances from plant raw material. The analysis of the patent situation in the world shows that various methods with or without solvents have been developed and specific microwave radiation regimen and extraction conditions have been established for the different plant sources and obtained products.
- In patent
EP 0 485 668 is described a method of microwave extraction of plant raw material, using non-polar extractant penetrable or partially penetrable to microwave radiation, The extractant together with the raw material is fed in the extractor, and is subjected to microwave radiation after which the processed material is separated and the extract obtained is subjected to evaporation and condensation,. An installation including devices for feeding the non-polar extractant and the raw material, a mixer connected to them to which an extractor, a separator, an evaporator and a condenser are connected in a sequence, a microwave source being connected to the extractor, is also described. The described method and installation are intended for recovery of essential oils and terpenes, in which organic solvents and other toxic reagents are used. - From
CN 1239504 (C ) is known a method for extraction of alkaloids from plant species of the Amaryllidaceae, in particular from tubers of the said plant species, in which the plant material dried to a definite degree is placed in a microwave oven and is subjected to microwave radiation. After that, the radiated powdered raw material is taken out from the microwave oven and is subjected to extraction with a solvent selected from water, acid solution or an organic solvent. The extraction is performed upon heating on a reflux or stirring at room temperature, after which filtration of the extract is performed. The microwave radiation frequency is over 300 MHz, the power is 50-50000 W, and the time for microwave radiation is from 0,5 to 120 min. - This method requires separate equipment - for microwave radiation and for accomplishment of the extraction.
- It is also stated in patent
CN 1239504 that there are reports of alkaloid isolation applying microwave radiation to the plant raw material. However, further on in the text there is a description of a method for biochemical product obtaining in general. This method includes powdering of the plant raw material, mixing with water or an organic solvent, subjection of the mixture to microwave radiation. Then, separation of the solid material from the liquid, removal of the solvent and isolation of the active ingredients follows. It is noted that a disadvantage of this method is that the solvent is placed in the microwave oven together with the raw material and the organic solvent is subjected to the microwave radiation, which results in consumption of particularly large quantities of the solvent, but also this method causes serious pollution of the environment, and besides a serious fire hazard exists. It is also pointed out that there are no reports in patent and non-patent literature of the application of this method for alkaloid obtaining from plants of the Amaryllidaceae. - An extractor for isolation of valuable components from plant and animal raw materials is known from
patent RU 2 283 161 (C2 - The said extractor is complicated for execution, maintenance and control. Besides, it is not designated for obtaining specifically of alkaloids from plant raw material.
- Considering the known methods for alkaloid obtaining, and in particular from the Amaryllidaceae, using microwave radiation, the problems that should be solved are to achieve a quantitative obtaining alkaloids from plant raw material, in particular from plant species of the Amaryllidaceae, which is energetically economic, and yet no harmful solvents to be used, to achieve a maximum degree of isolation, to reduce the process duration, to ensure ecological cleanliness of the entire manufacture and microbial purity of the extract. It is necessary to create an installation for accomplishment of extraction of plant raw material, including an extractor and a microwave source, which is compact, with minimum number of equipment and which allows intensive mass exchange process and automatic process control.
- According to the invention, a method has been created for extraction of plant raw material for obtaining alkaloids, including at least one extraction with extractant of alkaline aqueous solution and application of microwave radiation of the plant material during extraction and subsequent separation of the plant material and extract that in a given case is subjected to concentration, where the microwave radiation parameters being as follows: power from 0,850 to 2,55 kW, frequency - 2450 MHz, duration up to 120 min and temperature from 30 to 35°C. The extraction is conducted in a regimen of periodic forced circulation of the liquid, and the extract is filtered, enters the circulation contour and returns to the extractor. Preferably, the plant raw material is the aerial part of Amaryllidaceae plants, in particular of Leucojum aesivum, Galantus nivalis, Galantus elewesii, and Narcissus species. The solvent is selected from aqueous solution of calcium carbonate, ammonia, sodium hydroxide, the ratio of plant raw material: extractant being from 1:4 to 1:20. After completion of the extraction, the exhausted plant raw material is taken out of the extractor and the extract obtained is taken out necessary to create an installation for accomplishment of extraction of plant raw material, including an extractor and a microwave source, which is compact, with minimum number of equipment and which allows intensive mass exchange process and automatic process control.
- According to the invention, a method has been created for extraction of plant raw material for obtaining alkaloids, including at least one extraction with alkaline aqueous extractant and application of microwave radiation of the plant material during extraction and subsequent separation of the plant material and extract that in a given case is subjected to concentration, where the microwave radiation parameters being as follows: power from 0,850 to 2,55 kW, frequency - 2450 MHz, duration up to 120 min and temperature from 30 to 35°C. The extraction is conducted in a regimen of periodic forced circulation of the liquid, and the extract is filtered, enters the circulation contour and returns to the extractor. Preferably, the plant raw material is the aerial part of Amaryllidaceae plants, in particular of Leucojum aesivum, Galantus nivalis, Galantus elewesii, and Narcissus species. The alkaline aqueous extractant is selected from aqueous solution of calcium carbonate, ammonia, sodium hydroxide, the ratio of plant raw material: extractant being from 1:4 to 1:20. After completion of the extraction, the exhausted plant raw material is taken out of the extractor and the extract obtained is taken out of the circulation contour, thus avoiding the necessity of additional separation and inclusion of one more device for the purpose. The temperature, extraction time, heating and recirculation time are automatically controlled.
- The installation for accomplishment of the method according to the invention comprises: a tank for a solvent, connected to an extractor placed in a chamber, a microwave source-magnetron is assembled to the chamber wall. The bottom part of the extractor ends in an outlet for the extract to the circulation contour, which is connected to the top part of the extractor. A filter, a temperature sensor, a pump, a drain valve, a circulation valve and a pH meter are fitted in the circulation contour. An inner perforated-wall container, connected to a device for carrying in and taking out of the extractor, is positioned in the extractor. The temperature sensor, pump, drain valve and circulation valve are connected to a control unit.
-
Fig. 1 presents schematically the installation according to the invention. -
Fig.1 illustrates schematically the installation. It comprises: a tank for the solvent (1), connected to an extractor (2) that is placed in a chamber (3), a microwave source- magnetron (4) is assembled to the wall of chamber (3). Circulation contour (5) is connected to the outlet in the bottom part of extractor (2). The circulation contour (5) also is connected to the top part of the extractor (2). A filter (6), a temperature sensor (7), a pump (8), a drain valve (9), a circulation valve (10) and a pH meter (11) are fitted in the circulation contour (5). Inner perforated-wall container (12), connected to a device for carrying in and taking out of the extractor (not shown on the figure), is positioned in the extractor. The circulation contour is connected through a drain valve (9) to an extract collector (13). The temperature sensor (7), pump (8), drain valve (9) and circulation valve (10) are connected to control unit (14). - The installation works as follows: The previously prepared dried plant material is placed in the perforated-wall container (12) outside the extractor (2), the container (12) is lowered in the extractor (2), the solvent is fed, the microwave source is turned on. While the extraction is running, the liquid is led out of the extractor at specified intervals of time through a filter (6) and is fed into the circulation contour (5). Circulation is regulated by a valve (10). After completion of extraction, the microwave source is turned off, the extract is drained through a filter (6) and a valve (9) into a collector (13) and the container (12) is taken out of the extractor.
- The installation works as follows: The previously prepared dried plant material is placed in the perforated-wall container (12) outside the extractor (2), the container (12) is lowered in the extractor (2), the solvent is fed, the microwave source is turned on. While the extraction is running, the liquid is led out of the extractor at specified intervals of time through a filter (6) and is fed into the circulation contour (5). Circulation is regulated by a valve (10). After completion of extraction, the microwave source is turned off, the extract is drained through a filter (6) and a valve (9) into a collector (13) and the container (12) is taken out of the extractor.
- 3 kg of dried and previously milled plant raw material from aerial parts of summer snowflake Leocojum aestivum L. of the Amaryllidaceae, with high content of the alkaloid galantamine, are fed in the extractor (2) by means of the perforated-wall container (12). 25 litres of alkaline aqueous extractant of calcium carbonate are added in the extractor (2). The microwave radiation source (4) is turned on, by which radiation with frequency of 2450 MHz,
power 2,55 kW is performed for 30 min. The solution recirculates for 3 min every 10 min in the circulation contour (5). Temperature is maintained at 32°C. After completion of extraction, the extract obtained, through the filter (6) by means of the pump (8) and through the drain valve (12), enters the collector (13). The plant raw material is again poured with alkaline solution and a second extraction is performed under the same conditions. Both extracts are united. The alkaloid content is more than 0,05 %, and the galantamine content is more than 80 %. Yield of alkaloids - 99 %. - 3 kg of dried and previously milled plant raw material from aerial parts of summer snowflake Leocojum aestivum L. of the Amaryllidaceae, with high content of alkaloids, mainly of the alkaloid N-demethylgalantamine, are fed in the extractor (2) by means of the perforated-wall container (12). Alkaline aqueous extractant of ammonia is added in the extractor (2). The microwave radiation source (4) is turned on, by which radiation with frequency of 2450 MHz,
power - 3 kg of dried and previously milled tubers from Narcissus pseudonarcissus of the Amaryllidaceae are fed in the extractor (2) by means of the perforated-wall container (12). Alkaline aqueous extractant of calcium carbonate is added in the extractor (2). The microwave radiation source (4) is turned on by means of which radiation with frequency of 2450 MHz,
power 2,55 kW is performed for 50 min. The solution recirculates for 3 min every 10 min in the circulation contour (5). Temperature is maintained at 32°C. After completion of extraction, the extract obtained, through the filter (6) by means of the pump (8) and through the drain valve (12), enters the collector (13). The plant raw material is again poured with alkaline solution and a second extraction is performed under the same conditions. Both extracts are united. The alkaloid content is more than 0,05 %, and the galantamine content is more than 80 %. Yield of alkaloids - 99%.
Claims (5)
- Method for extraction of plant raw material from a plant species of the family Amaryllidaceae, for alkaloid obtaining, by means of solid-liquid extraction using microwave radiation, following by separation, characterised in that it includes performance of at least one extraction with alkaline aqueous extractant, selected from aqueous calcium carbonate, ammonia and sodium hydroxide with the ratio of plant raw material from a species of Amaryllidaceae : extractant being from 1:4 to 1: 20 and application of microwave radiation of the plant material and extractant during extraction at frequency 2450 MHz, power 0,850 - 2,55 kW, duration up to 120 min and temperature from 30 to 35°C, in a regimen of periodic forced circulation, where after completion of extraction, separation of the plant material and the extract is accomplished by leading the extract out of the extractor and taking the exhausted plant material out of the extractor.
- Method for extraction of plant raw material according to claim 1, characterised in that the plant species of the family of the Amaryllidaceae is Leucojum aestivum, Galanthus nivalis Galanthus elwesii or Narcissus.
- Method for extraction of plant raw material according to one of the claims from 1 to 2, characterised in that the aerial part of the plants is used as a plant material.
- Method for extraction of plant raw material according to one of the claims from 1 to 2, characterised in that plant tubers are used as plant material.
- Installation for accomplishment of the method for extraction of plant raw material, according to claims 1- 4, comprising an extractor in which coaxially positioned an inner perforated-wall container is connected to a device for carrying in and taking out of the extractor, and at least one microwave source, characterised in that it contains a tank for solvent (1), connected to an extractor (2) that is placed in a chamber (3), the microwave source-magnetron (4) is assembled to the chamber wall (3), to the outlet in the bottom part of the extractor (2) the circulation contour (5) is connected, which is also connected with the top part of the extractor (2), and in the circulation contour (5) a filter (6), a temperature sensor (7), a pump (8), a drain valve (9), a circulation valve (10) and a pH meter (11) are fitted, at which in the extractor (2) an inner perforated-wall container (12) is placed, and the circulation contour (5) is connected through a drain valve (9) to the collector for the extract obtained (13), and the temperature sensor (7), pump (8), drain valve (9) and circulation valve (10) are connected to the control unit (14).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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BG10110754A BG110754A (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2010-09-20 | METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR EXTRACTION OF VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS |
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EP2462941A1 EP2462941A1 (en) | 2012-06-13 |
EP2462941B1 true EP2462941B1 (en) | 2015-12-23 |
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EP10472002.4A Active EP2462941B1 (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2010-10-04 | Method and installation for extraction of plant raw material |
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BG (1) | BG110754A (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
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US20160024074A1 (en) * | 2013-02-18 | 2016-01-28 | Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul-Ufrgs | Process for extracting the alkaloid fraction of rhodophiala bifida (herb.) traub and uses thereof |
BR102013003718A2 (en) * | 2013-02-18 | 2016-08-30 | Hospital De Clínicas De Porto Alegre | extraction process of rhodophiala bifida alkaloid fraction and its use as anti-inflammatory |
FR3017308B1 (en) * | 2014-02-10 | 2022-06-17 | Idco | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR EXTRACTION OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS BY MICROWAVES AND ULTRASOUNDS |
US10864525B1 (en) | 2017-05-26 | 2020-12-15 | Cryocann USA Corporation | System and method for cryogenic separation of plant material |
CN108970173B (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2024-01-30 | 云南民族大学 | Manufacturing method of implanted microwave extraction device |
CN111004681A (en) * | 2019-12-28 | 2020-04-14 | 江西润井康生物科技有限公司 | Method for extracting perfume from natural plant |
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ES2082822T3 (en) | 1990-11-16 | 1996-04-01 | United Kingdom Government | MICROWAVE EXTRACTION OF VOLATILE OILS AND APPARATUS FOR THE SAME. |
CN1120228C (en) | 1996-10-04 | 2003-09-03 | 普罗格特-甘布尔公司 | Process for making low density detergent compsn. by non-tower process |
RU2283161C2 (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2006-09-10 | Михаил Демьянович Скубилин | Extractor |
ITMI20042413A1 (en) | 2004-12-17 | 2005-03-17 | Indena Spa | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF BROMIDRATE GALANTAMINE |
CA2636807A1 (en) * | 2008-07-04 | 2010-01-04 | Steven Splinter | Methods for obtaining cyclopamine |
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EP2462941A1 (en) | 2012-06-13 |
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