CN1239504C - Process for extracting amarylid alkaloid from natural plant - Google Patents
Process for extracting amarylid alkaloid from natural plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN1239504C CN1239504C CN 03153992 CN03153992A CN1239504C CN 1239504 C CN1239504 C CN 1239504C CN 03153992 CN03153992 CN 03153992 CN 03153992 A CN03153992 A CN 03153992A CN 1239504 C CN1239504 C CN 1239504C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a process for extracting amaryllidaceae alkaloid from natural plants, which has the steps: putting natural plants which contain amaryllidaceae alkaloid into a microwave oven for microwave radiation; then extracting and filtering the radiated natural plants by water, or acid water or organic solvents to obtain extracting solution which comprises amaryllidaceae alkaloid; separating and purifying active ingredients, such as galanthamine, etc. in the extracting solution. The method of the present invention can replace an acid water soaking extraction method and an organic solvent extraction method which are used commonly, and has the characteristics of simple processes, high yield, time saving, solvent saving, low cost, easy industrial production, etc.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to from natural phant, extract the method for amaryllidaceae alkaloid.
(2) background technology
Contemporary science has found that multiple natural phant contains amaryllidaceae alkaloid.These plants are distributed in fields such as Lycoris, snowflake Narcissus, Crinum, Narcissus, Haemanthus, Hymenocallis.For example from lycoris plants, successively isolated narcipoetine (homolycorine), lycorenine (lycorenine), made every effort to overcome and draw quick (lycoramine), table to make every effort to overcome and draw quick (epilycoramine), lycoremine more than ten kind of alkaloids such as (galanthamine).Wherein lycoremine is very useful active constituents of medicine, and clinical confirmation has better curative effect to diseases such as treatment poliomyelitis sequela.Modern pharmacology, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics experiment and clinical trial show that the lycoremine as s-generation anticholinesterase has curative effect preferably for the treatment presenile dementia.
The present method of extracting amaryllidaceae alkaloid from natural phant with bibliographical information that use mainly contains methods such as sour water extraction, organic solvent circumfluence method.The shortcoming and defect that these methods exist is, complicated operation, and process time is long, and energy consumption is many, and consumption of organic solvent is many, and industrial pollution is big, and impurity is many, the cost height.For example:
1. to wait usefulness the flooding acidic white earth absorption method of being reported [being stated from 1979 the 4th phases of herbal medicine communication, the 10th page] be with water retting short-tube lycoris sheet for Ruan Long happiness, with acidic white earth absorption, passes through steps such as desorb, separation again, obtains containing the extracting solution of amaryllidaceae alkaloid.The shortcoming of this technology is that the production cycle is long, and raw materials consumption is many, complicated operation, and the cost height, the alkaloid extraction yield is low.
2. " the research IV-lycoremine production technique of amaryllidaceae alkaloid and the searching of high-content plant " [being stated from pharmacy 1979 the 7th phases of circular, the 372nd page] of being reported such as big vast mountain and sea is to obtain the amaryllidaceae alkaloid extracting solution at least in 12 hours with 95% alcohol reflux.The shortcoming of this technology is that energy consumption is big, and the production cycle is long, and the ethanol consumption is big, and the alkaloid extraction yield is low, the cost height.
3. United States Patent (USP) (US PATENT 6,194,404) introduced a kind of separating and extracting method of amaryllidaceae alkaloid lycoremine, its technology will be for will contain the alkaloidal plant material meal of lycoremine, with an amount of alkaline powder mixes, soak a few hours with the ethylene dichloride equal solvent,, obtain containing the extracting solution of amaryllidaceae alkaloid again with the sulphuric acid soln extraction.This technology exists the production cycle long equally, and complicated operation needs a large amount of shortcomings with an organic solvent.
In the pharmaceutical industry field microwave auxiliary extraction technology has appearred in recent years.Existing report is used for the microwave auxiliary extraction technology Methylionone [being stated from 2000 the 4th phases of essence and flavoring agent makeup, the 12nd page] of auxiliary extraction iris cus-cus; The total flavones [being stated from 2002 the 8th phases of Chinese Journal of Pharmaceuticals, the 382nd page] that is used for the auxiliary extraction root of kudzu vine; Be used for the effective constituent [being stated from 2003 the 1st phases of Chinese patent medicine, the 11st page] of auxiliary extraction Radix Et Caulis Acanthopanacis Senticosi etc.This method is that plant tissue is pulverized, and after water or organic solvent mix, places the microwave field of certain power, through certain hour, microwave heating broken wall, solvent infiltrate in the raw cell, and dissolving also discharges effective constituent, carry out solid-liquid separation again, reclaim solvent, extracts active ingredients is come out.Advantage such as this method has high extraction, highly selective, save time.Yet, existing microwave auxiliary extraction technology places microwave field to handle with plant material in water or organic solvent, and organic solvent is subjected to microwave action and a large amount of volatilization, and it is a lot of not only to consume solvent, and contaminate environment, also there is the important safety hidden danger of easy blast on fire.Because this shortcoming is difficult to realize large-scale industrial production.Moreover, in patent documentation and non-patent literature, also do not see the report that the microwave auxiliary extraction technology is applied to extract amaryllidaceae alkaloid.
(3) summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, the microwave auxiliary extraction technology is applied to extract the amaryllidaceae alkaloid field from natural phant, in existing advantages such as maintenance microwave technology high extraction, eliminate its potential safety hazard, set up the processing method that a kind of technology is fairly simple, raw material is economized, energy consumption is low, be suitable for suitability for industrialized production.
Task of the present invention realizes by following technical scheme.
The natural phant material that will contain amaryllidaceae alkaloid places microwave oven to carry out microwave exposure, afterwards, select to dissolve easily the plant material that solvent soaking safe on amaryllidaceae alkaloid and the toxicology is crossed through microwave exposure, reheat refluxing extraction or stirring at room are extracted 1～3 time, filter, gained filtrate is the extracting solution that contains amaryllidaceae alkaloid.
In the said extracted method, described natural phant material is to take from root, stem, the leaf that contains the amaryllidaceae alkaloid plant, preferably its bulb part.Handling through preliminary working, can be the fresh plant material in order to the material of making microwave exposure, can be dried material, also can be the material that water or non-polar organic solvent soaked.Non-polar organic solvent can be in the materials such as chloroform, sherwood oil, ether, ethyl acetate, ethylene dichloride, hexane one or more and use.
The employed microwave frequency of microwave exposure is more than the 300MHz, and optimized frequency is 2450MHz or 915MHz.At present most of industrial or civilian microwave equipment all is suitable for.Microwave exposure power is 50 watts～50 kilowatts, and preferred power is 500 watts～20 kilowatts.Irradiation time is 0.5～120 minute, and preferred irradiation time is 5～60 minutes.
Being used for refluxing extraction or stirring the solvent that extracts material can be water, or sour water, or organic solvent.Organic solvent can be selected the mixing of one or more materials in the materials such as the alcohol, chloroform, sherwood oil, acetone, ether, ethyl acetate, ethylene dichloride, hexane of C1～C4 for use, and wherein preferably water and/or ethanol are made solvent.The solvent load volume is 1～20 liter with the liquid-solid ratio of being soaked weight of material: 1 kilogram, and preferred 1～10 liter: 1 kilogram.Heating and refluxing extraction or stirring at room extraction time are 5～180 minutes.
Ultimate principle of the present invention is, amaryllidaceae alkaloid is included in the parenchyma cell or vacuole of multiple natural phant, and the epidermis protection is arranged outward, and is very difficult with conventional extracting method broken wall, causes extraction time long, and extraction yield is low.And microwave has penetrativity, microwave heating can cause intracellular polar material to absorb micro-wave energy, produce a large amount of heats, cause cell interior pressure to surpass the cell expansion ability to bear, cell rupture, make extracellular fluid enter easily in the cell, dissolving also discharges intracellular organic matter, improves the extraction efficiency of effective constituent greatly.Gained contains the extracting solution of amaryllidaceae alkaloid for subsequent handling separation and purification lycoremine isoreactivity composition usefulness.
The amount that extracting solution is contained amaryllidaceae alkaloid can be carried out quantitative assay by the following method: the extracting solution that contains amaryllidaceae alkaloid of gained is got in right amount, be evaporated to dried, with an amount of anhydrous methanol dissolving, advancing GC～MS detects, the GC condition is: HP5890II type GC/HP5972 type MS gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, chromatographic column: HP～5 quartz capillary columns; Sample size: 1 μ L; Injector temperature: 250 ℃; Shunt mode not; Column flow rate: 1ml/min; 150 ℃ of column temperature: initial, hold 5min, 6 ℃ of ramp/min to 300 ℃, hold 5min; Detector temperature: 280 ℃; EI ionization mode; Carrier gas: helium.Standard substance are lycoremine (Nat'l Pharmaceutical ﹠ Biological Products Control Institute provides).
Prove that after measured with the technology of microwave-assisted extraction amaryllidaceae alkaloid of the present invention, containing the lycoremine amount in the extracting solution that is obtained is about 3 times of existing methods.Methods such as the sour water extraction that the inventive method can replace using always, organic solvent extraction method, and have alkaloid yield height, production technique is simple, and is with short production cycle, avoids using characteristics such as a large amount of organic solvents.
(4) embodiment
Embodiment 1 is with evenly thin being spread out in the microwave cavity of short-tube lycoris bulb sheet of 1kg30% ridity, and the setting microwave frequency is 2450MHz, and power is 1000 watts, and irradiation time is 1 minute.After microwave exposure finishes, the short-tube lycoris powder is taken out,, extracted 30 minutes for the first time, extracted 20 minutes for the second time, extracted twice liquid is merged filter, get filtrate, be the extracting solution that contains amaryllidaceae alkaloid with 10 times of amount 50% ethanol refluxing extraction at twice.Get the treated laggard GC of an amount of said extracted liquid～MS and detect, wherein the extraction yield of lycoremine is 0.048%.
Embodiment 2 is with evenly thin being spread out in the microwave cavity of short-tube lycoris bulb sheet of 1kg30% ridity, and the setting microwave frequency is 2450MHz, and power is 1000 watts, and irradiation time is 1 minute.After microwave exposure finishes, the short-tube lycoris powder is taken out,, extracted 30 minutes for the first time, extracted 20 minutes for the second time, extracted twice liquid is merged filter, get filtrate, be the extracting solution that contains amaryllidaceae alkaloid with 10 times of amount 50% ethanol stirring at room extractions at twice.Get the treated laggard GC of an amount of said extracted liquid～MS and detect, wherein the extraction yield of lycoremine is 0.037%.
Comparative examples adopts the organic solvent reflux extraction, and the short-tube lycoris bulb sheet of 1kg30% ridity was heated 95% alcohol reflux 12 hours with 1200 watts electric furnace, must extracting solution.Get the treated laggard GC of an amount of said extracted liquid～MS and detect, wherein the extraction yield of lycoremine is 0.015%.
Claims (13)
1. processing method of from the natural phant that contains amaryllidaceae alkaloid, extracting amaryllidaceae alkaloid, it is characterized in that, the plant material of selecting for use is carried out microwave exposure, then with water, or sour water, or organic solvent soaks, and extracts with heating reflux method or stirring at room method, filter the amaryllidaceae alkaloid extracting solution.
2. by the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the plant material that is used for microwave exposure is the bulb part that contains the natural phant of amaryllidaceae alkaloid.
3. by the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the plant material that is used for microwave exposure is a kind of of following preliminary working character material:
A) fresh plant material;
B) dried plant material;
C) material that was soaked in water;
D) material that soaked with non-polar organic solvent.
4. by the described method of claim 3, it is characterized in that, the non-polar organic solvent that soaks material when being used for preliminary working be chloroform, sherwood oil, ether, ethyl acetate, ethylene dichloride or hexane one or more and use.
5. by the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the microwave frequency that is used for microwave exposure is more than the 300MHz.
6. by the described method of claim 4, it is characterized in that the microwave frequency that is used for microwave exposure is 2450MHz or 915MHz.
7. by the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the microwave power that is used for microwave exposure is 50 watts～50 kilowatts.
8. by the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the time of plant material being carried out microwave exposure is 0.5～120 minute.
9. by the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that, is one or more mixing solutionss in alcohol, chloroform, sherwood oil, ether, acetone, ethyl acetate, ethylene dichloride or the hexane of C1～C4 in order to the organic solvent that soaks material.
10. by the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that, is water and alcoholic acid mixture in order to the solvent that soaks material.
11., it is characterized in that the solvent for use volume is 1～20 liter with the liquid-solid ratio of being soaked weight of material: 1 kilogram by the described method of claim 1.
12., it is characterized in that by the described method of claim 1, extracted 1～3 time with the solvent heating reflux method by irradiated material, amount to 5～180 minutes.
13., it is characterized in that by the described method of claim 1, extracted 1～3 time with the stirring at room method by irradiated material, amount to 5～180 minutes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 03153992 CN1239504C (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2003-08-22 | Process for extracting amarylid alkaloid from natural plant |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 03153992 CN1239504C (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2003-08-22 | Process for extracting amarylid alkaloid from natural plant |
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| CN1583749A CN1583749A (en) | 2005-02-23 |
| CN1239504C true CN1239504C (en) | 2006-02-01 |
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| CN 03153992 Expired - Lifetime CN1239504C (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2003-08-22 | Process for extracting amarylid alkaloid from natural plant |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101787028B (en) * | 2010-01-12 | 2012-01-04 | 恩施清江生物工程有限公司 | Method for extracting galanthamine from lycoris aurea |
| BR102013003718A2 (en) * | 2013-02-18 | 2016-08-30 | Hospital De Clínicas De Porto Alegre | extraction process of rhodophiala bifida alkaloid fraction and its use as anti-inflammatory |
| US20160024074A1 (en) * | 2013-02-18 | 2016-01-28 | Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul-Ufrgs | Process for extracting the alkaloid fraction of rhodophiala bifida (herb.) traub and uses thereof |
| CN109984034A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-09 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | The method and electrical stimulation device of galanthamine are generated with plant |
| US11109538B2 (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2021-09-07 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Method for producing galanthamine by a plant and electrical stimulation device |
| TWI661766B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-06-11 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | Method for producing galanthamine using a plant |
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