EP2457639A1 - Procédé d'élimination du mercure de gaz de combustion et épurateur de gaz de combustion - Google Patents
Procédé d'élimination du mercure de gaz de combustion et épurateur de gaz de combustion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2457639A1 EP2457639A1 EP10837264A EP10837264A EP2457639A1 EP 2457639 A1 EP2457639 A1 EP 2457639A1 EP 10837264 A EP10837264 A EP 10837264A EP 10837264 A EP10837264 A EP 10837264A EP 2457639 A1 EP2457639 A1 EP 2457639A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- mercury
- combustion exhaust
- ammonia
- denitration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 title 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- -1 hydrogen halides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229940008718 metallic mercury Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000010269 sulphur dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- RCTYPNKXASFOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloromercury Chemical compound [Hg]Cl RCTYPNKXASFOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 41
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008055 phosphate buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 2
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 2
- LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L mercury dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Hg]Cl LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/75—Multi-step processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/64—Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/017—Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2067—Urea
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- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20707—Titanium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D2255/20723—Vanadium
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- B01D2255/20769—Molybdenum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/209—Other metals
- B01D2255/2092—Aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/30—Silica
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/60—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
- B01D2257/602—Mercury or mercury compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Definitions
- the present invention is concerned with a technique to remove mercury in a combustion exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides and relates, more particularly, to a technique to convert mercury into a mercury halide and remove the mercury halide by a dust-collecting apparatus.
- Patent Literature 1 proposes adding an equivalent or larger amount of ammonia for reaction with nitrogen oxides in a combustion exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides produced when coal is burned, as a reducing agent, to the combustion exhaust gas, thereby reducing the nitrogen oxides in the combustion exhaust gas in the presence of a denitration catalyst. Consequently, the combustion exhaust gas containing unreacted ammonia is introduced to a wet desulfurization apparatus on the downstream side of the denitration catalyst.
- This unreacted ammonia serves as a desulfurizing auxiliary agent, and therefore, the desulfuration rate of the combustion exhaust gas can be improved. In the technique described in Patent Literature 1, however, no consideration is given to removing mercury in the combustion exhaust gas.
- Patent Literature 2 proposes adding ammonia to a combustion exhaust gas containing metallic mercury and hydrogen chloride exhausted from a coal-fired boiler to reduce nitrogen oxides in the presence of a denitration catalyst and oxidize highly-volatile metallic mercury to mercury chloride, removing burned ash in the combustion exhaust gas by an electric dust collector, and then allowing the mercury chloride and sulfur oxides to be absorbed into an absorbing solution of an wet desulfurization apparatus, thereby removing the mercury chloride from the combustion exhaust gas along with calcium sulfate.
- the mercury removal technique described in Patent Literature 2 removes mercury by the wet desulfurization apparatus and is, therefore, problematic in that the rate of mercury removal is low. That is, the absorbing solution which has absorbed the sulfur oxides contains sulfite ions and these sulfite ions reduce the mercury chloride absorbed into the absorbing solution to metallic mercury. Thus, the technique has the problem that since the metallic mercury is highly volatile, the metallic mercury is released from the absorbing solution and is emitted while being mixed in the exhaust gas.
- An object to be achieved by the present invention is to improve the rate of mercury removal in a combustion exhaust gas.
- the inventors of the present invention have had the knowledge that adding a reducing agent so that unreacted ammonia remains in the reduction reaction of nitrogen oxides in a combustion exhaust gas enables the removal of an increased amount of mercury by a dust-collecting apparatus on the downstream side of a denitration catalyst. That is, mercury in the combustion exhaust gas is converted into monovalent and divalent mercury halides in the presence of the denitration catalyst. In this case, if the reducing agent is added so that an unreacted portion thereof remains, the monovalent mercury halide is produced in larger amounts than the divalent mercury halide. The monovalent mercury halide is lower in saturated vapor pressure than the divalent mercury halide and can be precipitated as a solid even at high temperatures. Consequently, mercury can be removed by the dust-collecting apparatus.
- a method for removing mercury in a combustion exhaust gas comprises: injecting ammonia or urea as a reducing agent into a combustion exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxides, metallic mercury, and hydrogen halides, and then introducing the combustion exhaust gas to a denitration apparatus filled with a denitration catalyst to cause a denitration reaction and oxidize the metallic mercury to produce a mercury halide; and introducing the combustion exhaust gas through an air preheater and an electric dust collector to a wet desulfurization apparatus, thereby removing sulfur dioxides and the mercury halide, wherein the ammonia concentration of the combustion exhaust gas at an exit of the denitration apparatus is maintained at 5 ppm or higher, and the mercury halide is adsorbed or precipitated onto combustion ash and collected by the electric dust collector to discharge the mercury halide out of a system.
- the combustion exhaust gas can be converted into a monovalent mercury halide by adding the reducing agent so that an unreacted portion thereof remains.
- the monovalent mercury halide is low in saturated vapor pressure and can be precipitated as a solid even at high temperatures. Particulates of the mercury halide are collected by the electric dust collector and removed from the combustion exhaust gas. That is, since the mercury halide can be collected by the electric dust collector rather than by the wet desulfurization apparatus to be affected by sulfite ions, it is possible to improve the rate of mercury removal from the combustion exhaust gas. As a result, the combustion exhaust gas from which mercury has been removed is introduced to the wet desulfurization apparatus. Consequently, it is possible to prevent the mercury chloride from being reduced to metallic mercury and released into the atmosphere.
- the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas exhausted from the denitration catalyst is preferably reduced to, for example, 100°C to 160°C at which the monovalent mercury halide precipitates. Consequently, the precipitated amount of monovalent mercury halide can be increased, and therefore, the rate of mercury removal of the electric dust collector can be improved.
- the injected amount of reducing agent is controlled, so that 5 ppm or more of the unreacted ammonia remains in the combustion exhaust gas on the exit side of the denitration apparatus. Consequently, the monovalent mercury halide can be produced in larger amounts.
- the injected amount of ammonia is controlled, so that an ammonia/nitrogen oxide ratio is 1 or higher.
- the injected amount of urea is controlled, so that a urea ⁇ 2/nitrogen oxide ratio is 1 or higher, since 1 mole of urea releases 2 moles of ammonia into the combustion exhaust gas. Consequently, the monovalent mercury halide can be produced in larger amounts since an unreacted reducing agent remains, and therefore, the rate of mercury removal in the combustion exhaust gas can be improved.
- a combustion exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention can be configured to include: addition means for adding a reducing agent to a combustion exhaust gas exhausted from a combustion apparatus and containing hydrogen halides and mercury; a denitration apparatus for introducing thereinto a combustion exhaust gas to which a denitrating agent is added, reducing nitrogen oxides in the presence of a denitration catalyst, and producing mercury halides by reacting mercury in the combustion exhaust gas with the hydrogen halides; control means for controlling the additive amount of denitrating agent, so that an unreacted denitrating agent remains in an exhaust gas exhausted from the denitration apparatus; an air preheater for reducing the temperature of acidic gas exhausted from the denitration apparatus to 100°C to 160°C; and an electric dust collector for removing ash dust containing the mercury halides from a combustion exhaust gas exhausted from the air preheater.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a combustion exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the present embodiment is an example in which the present invention is applied to a combustion exhaust gas purifying apparatus of a boiler 1 for burning coal or the like.
- An exhaust gas exhausted from the boiler 1 contains nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides.
- This exhaust gas also contains hydrogen halides (for example, hydrogen chloride), metallic mercury, ash dust and the like.
- the exhaust gas exhausted from the boiler 1 is introduced to a denitration apparatus 7 filled with a denitration catalyst 9 to reduce the nitrogen oxides.
- the exhaust gas the nitrogen oxides of which have been reduced exchanges heat with the combustion air of the boiler at an air preheater 11 and is cooled to a predetermined temperature.
- the cooled exhaust gas is introduced to an electric dust collector 13.
- the exhaust gas from which ash dust has been collected mainly at the electric dust collector 13 is introduced to a wet desulfurization apparatus 15.
- the wet desulfurization apparatus 15 sprays an absorbing solution such as limestone slurry for absorbing sulfur oxides, for example, sulfur dioxide to the exhaust gas.
- the exhaust gas from which the sulfur oxides have been removed is exhausted from the smokestack 17 into the atmosphere.
- Reducing agent addition means 3 for adding a reducing agent, such as ammonia or urea, to the exhaust gas is provided in an exhaust flue on the upstream side of a desulfurization apparatus 7.
- the reducing agent addition means 3 is adapted to be controlled by control means 5 for controlling the additive amount of reducing agent.
- control means 5 for controlling the additive amount of reducing agent.
- an unillustrated nitrogen oxide detector for detecting the concentration of the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas exhausted from the boiler 1 is provided in the exhaust flue.
- the control means 5 is adapted to control the additive amount of reducing agent to a predetermined amount through the reducing agent addition means 3, according to a detected value of the nitrogen oxide detector.
- a reducing agent is added to the exhaust gas by the reducing agent addition means 3.
- the exhaust gas to which the reducing agent has been added is introduced to the denitration apparatus 7 provided with the denitration catalyst 9.
- the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas are reduced by the reducing agent in the presence of the denitration catalyst 9 and are converted into a nitrogen gas.
- mercury and a hydrogen chloride in the exhaust gas react with each other in the presence of the denitration catalyst 9 to produce a mercury chloride.
- a commonly-known Ti-Mo-V or Ti-W-V based denitration catalyst for example, can be used as the denitration catalyst 9.
- a commonly-known denitration catalyst to which phosphorous has been added can be used, in order to prevent SO 2 in the denitration catalyst from being oxidized.
- the exhaust gas exhausted from the denitration apparatus 7 is introduced to the air preheater 11 and reduced in temperature to, for example, 100°C to 160°C due to heat exchange with combustion air. Consequently, mercury chloride produced in the denitration apparatus 7 is condensed and converted into solid particulates.
- the exhaust gas exhausted from the air preheater 11 is introduced to the electric dust collector 13 which is a dust-collecting apparatus.
- the electric dust collector 13 collects particulates, such as ash dust, contained in the exhaust gas.
- the particulates, such as ash dust, collected by the electric dust collector 13 are discharged out of a system by an ash dust exhaust line 14 provided at a bottom of the electric dust collector 13.
- the wet desulfurization apparatus 15 sprays an absorbing solution, such as limestone slurry, to the exhaust gas, to cause sulfur oxides in the exhaust gas to be absorbed by the absorbing solution and thus removed.
- the control means 5 detects the flow rate and the nitrogen oxide concentration of the exhaust gas exhausted from the boiler 1, in order to determine the reaction equivalent amount (stoichiometric amount of reaction) of the reducing agent necessary to reduce the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas. Then, the control means 5 controls the reducing agent addition means 3, so that the additive amount of reducing agent is equal to or larger than the reaction equivalent amount. For example, since a reaction between ammonia and nitrogen oxides is an equivalent mole reaction, the additive amount of ammonia is controlled so that an ammonia/nitrogen oxide ratio is 1 or higher.
- urea releases 2 moles of ammonia into the exhaust gas
- the additive amount of urea is controlled so that a urea/nitrogen oxide ratio is 0.5 or higher. Consequently, an unreacted reducing agent is allowed to remain in the reduction of the nitrogen oxides.
- An exhaust gas to which the reducing agent has been added and which is at a temperature of, for example, 300°C to 450°C is introduced to the denitration apparatus 7.
- the denitration apparatus 7 reduces the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas to nitrogen in the presence of the denitration catalyst 9 by using the reducing agent.
- the denitration apparatus 7 causes mercury in the exhaust gas to react with hydrogen chloride to produce mercury chloride.
- monovalent mercury chloride (HgCl) can be produced in larger amounts than divalent mercury chloride (HgCl 2 ).
- both the monovalent mercury chloride and the divalent mercury chloride are produced in the presence of the denitration catalyst 9.
- Comparison between saturated vapor pressures of the two chlorides shows that at a temperature of, for example, 150°C, the saturated vapor pressure of the monovalent mercury chloride is on the order of 1 ⁇ 10 -15 Pa (1 ⁇ 10 -17 atm), whereas the saturated vapor pressure of the divalent mercury chloride is on the order of 1 Pa (1 ⁇ 10 -2 atm).
- This means that the monovalent mercury chloride can be precipitated as a solid even at higher temperatures, compared with the divalent mercury chloride, since the monovalent mercury chloride is low in saturated vapor pressure.
- the additive amount of reducing agent is controlled to be an equivalent or larger amount for reaction with the nitrogen oxides, so that the monovalent mercury chloride can be produced in larger amounts.
- the temperature of the exhaust gas is reduced with the air preheater 11 to a temperature of, for example, 100°C to 160°C, at which the monovalent mercury chloride can be precipitated.
- the monovalent mercury chloride is precipitated and adsorbed to ash dust. Consequently, mercury can be removed from the exhaust gas by collecting the ash dust with the electric dust collector 13.
- the temperature of the exhaust gas exhausted from the denitration apparatus 7 is reduced by the air preheater 11 to a temperature of, for example, 100°C to 160°C, at which the monovalent mercury chloride can be precipitated. Consequently, the monovalent mercury chloride low in saturated vapor pressure can be precipitated on surfaces of ash dust and the like in the exhaust gas.
- the monovalent mercury chloride is collected by the electric dust collector 13, along with the ash dust, and is removed from the exhaust gas.
- an absorbing solution is sprayed by the wet desulfurization apparatus 15 to the exhaust gas from which the ash dust and the mercury chloride have been removed. Sulfur oxides in the exhaust gas are absorbed and removed by the absorbing solution.
- the exhaust gas exhausted from the wet desulfurization apparatus 15 is heated by an unillustrated reheater and is exhausted from the smokestack 17 into the atmosphere.
- a reaction equivalent or larger amount of reducing agent is added to the exhaust gas, so that an unreacted reducing agent remains, for example, so that the concentration of unreacted ammonia is 5 ppm or higher, thereby producing the monovalent mercury chloride in larger amounts.
- the monovalent mercury chloride is low in saturated vapor pressure and precipitates even at high temperatures.
- the precipitated mercury chloride can be collected by the electric dust collector 13 with the mercury adsorbed to the ash dust or in a state of particulates, and therefore, can be removed from the exhaust gas.
- the exhaust gas from which mercury has been removed is allowed to be introduced to the wet desulfurization apparatus 15.
- metallic mercury can be prevented from being released from the wet desulfurization apparatus 15.
- a method of mercury removal from a combustion exhaust gas comprises: injecting ammonia or urea as a reducing agent into a combustion exhaust gas containing mercury and hydrogen halides and introducing the combustion exhaust gas to a denitration apparatus; reducing nitrogen oxides in the combustion exhaust gas with the reducing agent in the presence of a denitration catalyst and reacting the mercury with the hydrogen halides in the combustion exhaust gas to convert the mercury into mercury halide; collecting ash dust in the combustion exhaust gas with an electric dust collector, and then spraying an absorbing solution to the combustion exhaust gas to allow sulfur oxides in the combustion exhaust gas to be absorbed to the absorbing solution, wherein the injected amount of reducing agent is controlled to maintain the concentration of ammonia in the combustion exhaust gas on the exit side of the denitration apparatus at 5 ppm or higher, so that the mercury halide is precipitated and collected by the electric dust collector.
- an upper limit of the additive amount of reducing agent is set as appropriate, so that an unreacted reducing agent is not released to the atmosphere.
- a detector for detecting an ammonia concentration may be provided on the exit side of the denitration apparatus 7, as illustrated in Figure 2 , instead of detecting the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas exhausted from the boiler 1.
- the additive amount of reducing agent can be controlled on the basis of a detected value of the detector.
- the additive amount of reducing agent is controlled, so as to be able to maintain an ammonia concentration on the exit side of the denitration apparatus 7 at 5 ppm or higher, preferably 10 ppm or higher.
- a quartz tube, 3 mm in outer diameter, 2 mm in inner diameter, and 30 cm in length, corresponding to the dimensions of a quartz reaction tube filled with a denitration catalyst was connected to the quartz reaction tube.
- an apparatus in which a phosphate buffer solution absorption bulb filled with a phosphate buffer solution was connected to the quartz tube was used.
- a heat-insulating material and a ribbon heater were fitted on outer surfaces of the quartz tube, so as to be able to reduce the temperature of an acidic exhaust gas introduced into the quartz tube from 350°C to 100°C. That is, the quartz reaction tube corresponds to the denitration apparatus 7, the quartz tube corresponds to the air preheater 11, and the phosphate buffer solution absorption bulb corresponds to the wet desulfurization apparatus 15.
- the base material on which the catalyst paste was placed was held between two polyethylene sheets and threaded through a pair of pressure rollers, so that the catalyst paste filled the meshes of the base material.
- This base material was air-dried, and then calcinated at 500°C for two hours to obtain a denitration catalyst.
- the obtained denitration catalyst was defined as Practical Example 1.
- a denitration catalyst to which an exhaust gas not containing ammonia in a gas composition shown in Figure 3 was absorbed under the same conditions as those of Practical Example 1 was defined as Comparative Example 1.
- mercury was analyzed according to an analysis method compliant to JIS K-0222 by washing the quartz tube with a potassium permanganate solution and retrieving precipitated mercury.
- a phosphate buffer solution after the flow of an exhaust gas was analyzed according to an analysis method compliant to JIS K-0222, to detect mercury.
- Figure 4 shows results obtained for Practical Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. It is understood that as shown in the figure, the precipitated amount of mercury is larger in Practical Example 1 in which unreacted ammonia remains than in Comparative Example 1. That is, since mercury precipitated at the quartz tube corresponds to a monovalent mercury chloride low in saturated vapor pressure, it can be said that the monovalent mercury chloride was produced in larger amounts in Practical Example 1. In contrast, the amount of mercury precipitated at the quartz tube is small in Comparative Example 1 to which no ammonia was added. Thus, it can be said that the monovalent mercury chloride was hardly produced at all. Since the produced amount of monovalent mercury chloride is large in Practical Example 1, mercury can be precipitated as a solid even at high temperatures.
- Practical Examples 2 to 5 differ from Practical Example 1 in the composition of a denitration catalyst and the additive amount of ammonia. The rest of configuration is the same as that of Practical Example 1, and therefore, will not be described again here.
- the catalyst paste was placed on a 0.7 mm-thick base material formed by processing a 0.2 mm-thick SUS 430 steel plate into a metal lath.
- the base material on which the catalyst paste was placed was held between two polyethylene sheets and threaded through a pair of pressure rollers, so that the catalyst paste filled the meshes of the base material.
- This base material was air-dried, and then calcinated at 500°C for two hours to obtain a denitration catalyst.
- Figure 5 shows results obtained for Practical Examples 2 to 5 and Comparative Example 2. It is understood that as shown in the figure, the amount of mercury precipitated at the quartz tube increases as the amount of ammonia in an exhaust gas exhausted from the denitration catalyst increases. That is, if unreacted ammonia increases due to the reduction reaction of nitrogen oxides, the precipitated amount of mercury increases. Thus, it can be said that monovalent mercury chloride was produced in larger amounts. In contrast, the concentration of unreacted ammonia is no higher than 2 ppm in Comparative Example 2, and the precipitated amount of mercury is small. Thus, divalent mercury chloride higher in saturated vapor pressure than the monovalent mercury chloride is considered to have been produced in larger amounts.
- the precipitated amount of mercury intercorrelates with the amount of unreacted ammonia. Accordingly, the rate of mercury removal can be improved by increasing the unreacted ammonia. Note that a large amount of mercury was precipitated also in Practical Example 5. Consequently, the monovalent mercury chloride can be produced in large amounts by controlling the additive amount of ammonia so that the concentration of the unreacted ammonia is 5 ppm or higher. Thus, mercury can be collected and removed by the dust-collecting apparatus.
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JP2009283337A JP5385114B2 (ja) | 2009-12-14 | 2009-12-14 | 燃焼排ガスの水銀除去方法及び燃焼排ガス浄化装置。 |
PCT/JP2010/007218 WO2011074230A1 (fr) | 2009-12-14 | 2010-12-13 | Procédé d'élimination du mercure de gaz de combustion et épurateur de gaz de combustion |
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EP2457639A1 true EP2457639A1 (fr) | 2012-05-30 |
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EP10837264.0A Not-in-force EP2457639B1 (fr) | 2009-12-14 | 2010-12-13 | Procédé et dispositif d'élimination du mercure de gaz de combustion et épurateur de gaz de combustion |
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US (1) | US8372363B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2457639B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5385114B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR101280766B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN102202767B (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2749112C (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2443580T3 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011074230A1 (fr) |
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WO2008071215A1 (fr) * | 2006-12-14 | 2008-06-19 | Horst Grochowski | Procédé et dispositif d'épuration de gaz d'échappement d'un processus de frittage de minerais et/ou d'autres matériaux contenant des métaux dans la production de métaux |
JP5385114B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-14 | 2014-01-08 | バブコック日立株式会社 | 燃焼排ガスの水銀除去方法及び燃焼排ガス浄化装置。 |
US11298657B2 (en) | 2010-10-25 | 2022-04-12 | ADA-ES, Inc. | Hot-side method and system |
US8496894B2 (en) | 2010-02-04 | 2013-07-30 | ADA-ES, Inc. | Method and system for controlling mercury emissions from coal-fired thermal processes |
US8845986B2 (en) | 2011-05-13 | 2014-09-30 | ADA-ES, Inc. | Process to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides and mercury from coal-fired boilers |
US20130004396A1 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-03 | Uop Llc | Processes and apparatuses for eliminating elemental mercury from flue gas using deacon reaction catalysts at low temperatures |
US20130004395A1 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-03 | Uop Llc | Processes and apparatuses for oxidizing elemental mercury in flue gas using oxychlorination catalysts |
US8883099B2 (en) * | 2012-04-11 | 2014-11-11 | ADA-ES, Inc. | Control of wet scrubber oxidation inhibitor and byproduct recovery |
US9957454B2 (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2018-05-01 | ADA-ES, Inc. | Method and additive for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions |
US8535626B1 (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-09-17 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Exhaust gas treatment apparatus and exhaust gas treatment method |
CN105358231A (zh) * | 2013-08-08 | 2016-02-24 | 巴布科克和威尔科克斯能量产生集团公司 | 降低汞控制所需的卤素含量的系统和方法 |
CN103599683B (zh) * | 2013-11-13 | 2015-06-17 | 宁波太极环保设备有限公司 | 用于烟气脱硫脱氮的设备 |
CN104388146A (zh) * | 2014-10-10 | 2015-03-04 | 华北电力大学 | 一种降低燃煤电厂烟气汞排放的控制方法 |
CN105251327A (zh) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-01-20 | 哈尔滨蔚蓝环保设备制造有限公司 | 一种集脱硫、脱销、脱汞于一体的烟气净化装置 |
CN105498974B (zh) * | 2015-12-01 | 2017-12-19 | 中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院有限公司 | 电除尘器辅助装置及烟气除尘系统 |
CN105797581A (zh) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-07-27 | 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 | 焦炉烟气脱硫脱硝余热利用工艺及系统 |
KR101682421B1 (ko) | 2016-07-01 | 2016-12-12 | 대구대학교 산학협력단 | 수은을 포함하는 폐수에서 수은을 선택적으로 제거하기 위한 수은 제거 방법 |
GB201716063D0 (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-11-15 | Johnson Matthey Plc | A catalyst for treating an exhaust gas, an exhaust system and a method |
GB201715663D0 (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-11-08 | Johnson Matthey Plc | A Catalyst for treating an exhaust gas, an exhaust system and a method |
CN107185402A (zh) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-09-22 | 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 | 一种用于scr脱硝反应器的防积灰导流装置 |
CN108237137A (zh) * | 2018-01-08 | 2018-07-03 | 中国科学院北京综合研究中心 | 飞灰脱汞装置及脱汞方法 |
CN108970385B (zh) * | 2018-09-19 | 2024-01-16 | 北京巨亚国际环境科技股份有限公司 | 一体化多功能生物质锅炉脱硫脱硝设备 |
CN111282412B (zh) * | 2020-03-23 | 2022-03-01 | 厦门紫金矿冶技术有限公司 | 一种再生高锰酸钾的湿法烟气脱硝工艺 |
CN113587104B (zh) * | 2021-08-16 | 2024-04-05 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种垃圾热解废气净化系统及工艺 |
KR102471367B1 (ko) | 2021-11-29 | 2022-11-25 | 대구대학교 산학협력단 | 암모니아에 대한 고저항성을 갖는 원소수은 산화촉매 |
CN114471113A (zh) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-05-13 | 山东康源环保科技有限公司 | 焦化行业烟气尘硝硫nmhc一体化协同处理工艺 |
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JP3207019B2 (ja) * | 1993-07-20 | 2001-09-10 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 排ガス中の有害物質除去方法 |
JP3354660B2 (ja) | 1993-10-19 | 2002-12-09 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 排ガスの処理方法 |
JP3935547B2 (ja) * | 1997-02-19 | 2007-06-27 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 排ガス処理方法及び排ガス処理装置 |
US6790420B2 (en) * | 2002-02-07 | 2004-09-14 | Breen Energy Solutions, Llc | Control of mercury and other elemental metal emissions from combustion devices by oxidation |
US6960329B2 (en) * | 2002-03-12 | 2005-11-01 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Method and apparatus for removing mercury species from hot flue gas |
JP2004337781A (ja) * | 2003-05-16 | 2004-12-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 排ガス処理方法、排ガス処理システム及び触媒酸化装置 |
CN1219580C (zh) * | 2003-07-30 | 2005-09-21 | 浙江大学 | 以半干法为基础的燃煤汞排放控制方法 |
JP4838579B2 (ja) * | 2005-12-21 | 2011-12-14 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 水銀除去システムおよび水銀除去方法 |
JP2008238057A (ja) * | 2007-03-27 | 2008-10-09 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | 排ガス中の金属水銀の吸着材とそれを用いた金属水銀の除去方法 |
JP5003887B2 (ja) * | 2007-07-27 | 2012-08-15 | 株式会社Ihi | 排ガス処理方法及び排ガス処理装置 |
DK2100664T3 (da) | 2007-09-07 | 2020-01-20 | Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Sys | Katalysator til rensning af udstødningsgas |
JP5385114B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-14 | 2014-01-08 | バブコック日立株式会社 | 燃焼排ガスの水銀除去方法及び燃焼排ガス浄化装置。 |
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CA2749112A1 (fr) | 2011-06-23 |
EP2457639B1 (fr) | 2013-11-06 |
US20110268638A1 (en) | 2011-11-03 |
JP2011121036A (ja) | 2011-06-23 |
US8372363B2 (en) | 2013-02-12 |
JP5385114B2 (ja) | 2014-01-08 |
EP2457639A4 (fr) | 2013-01-02 |
CA2749112C (fr) | 2012-10-02 |
ES2443580T3 (es) | 2014-02-19 |
CN102202767B (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
KR101280766B1 (ko) | 2013-07-05 |
WO2011074230A1 (fr) | 2011-06-23 |
CN102202767A (zh) | 2011-09-28 |
KR20110102406A (ko) | 2011-09-16 |
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