EP2453067B1 - Permanent formwork panel and permanent formwork block comprising such a panel - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to the technical field of masonry, and more particularly to the construction of concrete walls, and more particularly to the construction of concrete pool walls.

It is known to produce reinforced concrete pool walls using lost formwork blocks as described in the patent application. FR 2,790,777 . Thus, it is proposed to carry out, as shown on the Fig. 1 and 2 each block of lost formwork B by the assembly of two identical formwork sheets M of plastics material. Each plate then comprises a rectangular panel P having a front face P1 and a reverse side P2 and a series of half-spacers e distributed on the back side of the panel extending perpendicularly to the panel. In order to allow an assembly of the two plates together, each half-spacer comprises at its distal end a male and / or female interlocking element intended to engage in a complementary interlocking element of a half-spacer corresponding. Finally, the irreversibility of the assembly is obtained by welding S of the two half-spacers at the interlocking elements.

Such a lost formwork block has the disadvantage of imposing a weld at each junction between the half-spacers, which is particularly expensive.

To overcome this problem, the patent application FR 2,889,550 on behalf of the Applicant has proposed a method of joining formwork plates by screwing to achieve, in the same way, blocks of formwork lost.

This technical solution is entirely satisfactory with regard to the problem of joining the shuttering plates to form the lost formwork blocks.

However, the lost formwork blocks obtained by this technique allow the realization of straight wall walls, joined together where appropriate at right angles. Thus, concrete walls made using lost formwork blocks as described in the prior art can not, or hardly with the help of inserts inserted into cuts made in the panels of known formwork blocks, include curvatures, including curved sections that yet confer an advantageous aesthetic to the constructions, especially for constructions such as swimming pools.

The patent application EP 1 420 121 discloses a concrete wall structure capable of accepting filler material and having a collapsible bow-shaped curvature. This structure comprises a formwork plate intended to be assembled with another plate to form a lost formwork block for the realization of a concrete pool wall. The formwork plate comprises at least one rectangular panel having a front face and a back face. This formwork plate also comprises assembly members to another said plate, arranged on the front face of the rectangular panel and being complementary to assembly members of said other plate, at least one bending deformation zone being formed in the rectangular panel between at least two said assembly members. This formwork plate also comprises horizontal interlocking members formed of material on an edge of the rectangular panel to allow horizontal fitting by fitting of several identical formwork plates and / or of lost formwork blocks obtained by assembling these plates, the or folds (s) of material formed in the rectangular panel extending along a straight line parallel to the edge of the panel comprising said horizontal interlocking members.

Thus, it has emerged the need for a new type of shuttering plates for the production of shuttering blocks, the implementation of which makes it easy and safe to produce curved wall sections of a determined variable radius R, in particular for the realization of pools by pouring concrete walls.

• ▪ au moins un panneau rectangulaire présentant une face recto et une face verso, et
• ▪ des organes d'assemblage à une autre dite plaque, disposés sur la face recto du panneau rectangulaire et étant complémentaires d'organes d'assemblage d'une dite autre plaque.

In order to achieve this objective, the invention relates first of all to a formwork plate intended to be assembled with another formwork plate to form a lost formwork block for producing a concrete wall, comprising:

• At least one rectangular panel having a front face and a reverse face, and
• ▪ assembly members to another said plate, arranged on the front face of the rectangular panel and being complementary to assembly members of said other plate.

According to the present invention, the proposed formwork plate is characterized in that the rectangular panel comprises at least one fold of material formed between at least two said assembly members and extending along a straight line across the entire width or width length of the rectangular panel, said at least one fold constituting a preferred bending deformation zone of the formwork plate.

The procuration of at least one ply of material within the rectangular panel of the shuttering plate of the invention provides it with flexibility around the rectilinear direction of this preferred fold which allows the establishment of the formwork to give a curvature to the rectangular panel. Therefore, when the formwork plate of the invention is associated after deformation around its or its folds to at least one other formwork plate by means of its assembly members, one obtains a curved wall form block which makes it possible to provide the same curvature to a poured concrete wall with the aid of such a shuttering block. It goes then of course that by associating several formwork plates according to the invention one after the other by vertical and / or lateral interlocking, it is thus possible to define as many curved wall profiles of variable R-rays as desired and therefore make concrete walls with corresponding curvatures.

According to one characteristic of the invention, the rectangular panel comprises a said ply of material between all said assembly members. Thus, the formwork plate of the invention has an adequate bending capacity over its entire surface, allowing local bends of small amplitude to provide a determined overall curvature of wall form and radius R more or less important.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the fold (s) of material protrude from the reverse side of the rectangular panel. A substantially constant wall thickness of the concrete is thus maintained once the formwork has been put in place, and especially without internal grooves which could weaken the wall once poured.

However, one can alternatively consider a formwork plate in which the fold (s) of material protrude from the front side of the rectangular panel.

According to a feature of the invention defined by claim 1, the shuttering plate of the invention comprises vertical interlocking members formed of material on an edge of the rectangular panel to allow mounting by vertical interlocking of several identical formwork sheets and / or lost formwork blocks obtained by assembling these plates, the ply (s) of material formed in the rectangular panel then extending along a straight line perpendicular to the edge of the panel comprising said vertical interlocking members.

According to another characteristic of the invention defined by claim 1, the shuttering plate comprises horizontal interlocking members formed of material on a edge of the rectangular panel to allow the assembly by horizontal interlocking of several identical formwork sheets and / or lost formwork blocks obtained by assembling these plates, the material fold (s) formed in the rectangular panel extending according to a straight line parallel to the edge of the panel comprising said horizontal interlocking members.

These vertical and horizontal interlocking members of the formwork plate promote a continuous assembly of the plates and formwork blocks made therewith.

According to a preferred embodiment, the fold (s) of material has (s) an isosceles triangular cross section whose base is between 10 mm and 40 mm and the height between 20 mm and 60 mm.

In addition, the distance between two consecutive folds is advantageously between 30 mm and 150 mm.

The shuttering plate according to the invention can be made of any suitable material and preferably, in order to reduce its weight and its manufacturing cost, it will be made of injected plastic and molded such as for example polypropylene or polyethylene.

Finally, the invention also relates to a lost formwork block for the production of a wall wall, in particular a pool wall, characterized in that it comprises two shuttering plates assembled to one another by means complementary assembly, at least one of the two shuttering plates being in accordance with the shuttering plate of the invention as previously presented.

• La fig. 1 est une coupe transversale d'un bloc de coffrage perdu connu de l'art antérieur ;
• La fig. 2 est une vue en perspective du bloc de coffrage perdu illustré à la fig. 1 ;
• La fig. 3 est une vue en perspective d'un bloc de coffrage conforme à la présente invention, comportant au moins une plaque de coffrage selon l'invention, muni de plis de déformation ;
• La fig. 4 est une vue en coupe transversale du bloc de la figure 3.

The various features of the invention appear from the description given below with reference to the accompanying drawings which show, by way of non-limiting examples, a preferred embodiment of a formwork plate and a lost formwork block according to the invention, in particular for the realization of poured concrete pool walls.

• The Fig. 1 is a cross section of a lost formwork block known from the prior art;
• The Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the lost formwork block shown at Fig. 1 ;
• The Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a formwork block according to the present invention, comprising at least one formwork plate according to the invention, provided with deformation folds;
• The Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the block of the figure 3 .

A lost formwork block according to the invention, as illustrated in FIG. figure 3 and designated as a whole by the reference 1 has a generally parallelepipedal general shape. The lost formwork block 1 is intended to be associated with other identical blocks to define, for example, the formwork of a vertical wall of a swimming pool. The lost formwork blocks 1 are then nested in each other vertically and laterally depending on the height and the desired wall length. This assembly of the shuttering blocks is achieved, at least in part by means of suitable interlocking means formed of material on the edges of the shuttering plates 2, 3 constituting the shuttering block 1 as described below.

Each shuttering block 1 is obtained by assembling two shuttering plates 2, 3 of injected plastic material. Each formwork plate 2, 3 comprises a rectangular panel 4 which has a front face 5 and a back face 6 .

In order to maintain at a distance the panels 4 of the shuttering plates 2, 3 constituting the lost formwork block 1 to define the concrete receiving volume, each panel 4 comprises a series of half-spacers 7 distributed on the front face 5 of each panels 4 extending perpendicular to the panel 4. Each half-spacer 7 has at its distal end, opposite the panel 4, a male and / or female interlocking element (not shown) for s engage in a complementary interlocking element of a corresponding half-spacer 7 during the assembly of two plates of formwork 2, 3. According to the illustrated example, the half-spacers 7 are arranged in four rows parallel to the upper edge of the panels 4 and the half-spacers of the same row have alternately at their distal ends a male conformation and a female conformation.

In order to allow an assembly of the shuttering plates 2, 3 between them, each half-spacer 7 preferably comprises, as proposed in the patent application no. FR 2,889,550 of the Applicant, a proximal bore 8 which is preferably designed to receive an assembly screw and which opens out at the rear face 6 of the panel 4 . The proximal bore 8 preferably does not extend the full length of the half-spacer 7 so that it is non-traversing. Preferably, each half-spacer 7 also has a not shown distal bore which is coaxial with the proximal bore 8 and which opens out at the distal end of each half-spacer 7. The distal bore does not open into the distal bore. the proximal bore 8, so that the two proximal and distal bores are separated by a solid zone. The half-spacers 7 of the two shuttering plates 2, 3 are nested one inside the other at their distal end and then an assembly screw is engaged at each of the proximal bores 8 of the back face 6 of the Formwork plate 3. Preferably, each assembly screw will furthermore have a self-tapping thread beyond its unthreaded portion.

After the installation of all the assembly screws, the lost formwork block 1 thus obtained has a particularly high mechanical strength and is therefore perfectly adapted to undergo the internal pressure exerted by the concrete during casting.

For the production of a lost formwork block 1 according to the present invention, it is necessary to implement two formwork plates 2, 3 , at least one of which, in the example of the figures, is the formwork plate 3, is provided with at least one ply 9, and preferably as shown in several plies 9 of material formed in the rectangular panel 4 of the plate 3 and protruding on the back side 6 of the rectangular panel 4.

The plies 9 are formed in the rectangular panel 4 directly during the injection of the formwork plate 3. These plies of material 9 extend along the length or the width of the panels 4 along straight lines and thus define privileged axes deformation of the rectangular panel 4 in bending around these axes along the folds 9 to give a curvature selected to it to achieve curved form wall walls. Said plies 9 advantageously have an isosceles triangular cross section of base b and height h comprised between 10 mm and 40 mm respectively and between 20 mm and 60 mm. This form of folds 9 facilitates easy and regular deformation of the rectangular panel 4 without collapsing or shifting of the plane portions on either side of the folds 9.

According to the preferred embodiment shown in the figures, the shuttering plate 3 according to the invention preferably comprises at least one fold 9 between all the rows of fasteners 7. More generally, it can be specified that the plies 9 are advantageously made on either side of the assembly members 7, so that the latter are not located in the planes containing the straight lines along which the folds 9 extend . The distance between two folds 9 consecutive is preferably between 30 mm and 150 mm advantageously.

As previously indicated, the formwork sheets 2, 3 are configured to allow the realization of lost formwork blocks 1 which can fit vertically and horizontally to make a formwork wall lost to pour a concrete wall.

In order to allow such interlocking, the formwork plates 2, 3 advantageously comprise vertical interlocking members 10 formed of material on a lower edge 41 of the rectangular panel 4 to allow vertical fitting of several shuttering plates 2, 3 identical and / or lost formwork blocks 1 obtained by assembly of these plates 2, 3, the folds of material 9 formed in the rectangular panel 4 then extending preferably along lines parallel to each other and perpendicular to the lower edge 41 of the panel supporting said interlocking members 10.

Similarly, each shuttering plate 2, 3 also advantageously comprises horizontal interlocking members 11 formed of material on a lateral edge 42 of the rectangular panel 4 to allow the horizontal fitting of several identical formwork plates 2, 3 and / or lost formwork blocks 1 obtained by assembling these plates. With respect to these horizontal nesting members 11 , the folds of material 9 formed in the rectangular panel 4 then extend along lines parallel to the edge 42 of the panel supporting said horizontal interlocking members.

These interlocking members 10, 11 vertical and horizontal are designed such that they preferably allow shoulder support against a corresponding edge of another formwork plate identical reported under the lower edge 41 or the side edge 42 of the shuttering plate 2, 3 of the invention or a shuttering block 1 formed with at least one of these plates. It is thus possible to constitute formwork walls by assembling several blocks of lost formwork 1, as is known to do so in a conventional manner. The interlocking members 10, 11, however , promote the bonding of the formwork blocks 1 between them as well before casting the concrete to form the wall after pouring the concrete to withstand the pressure forces applied during casting and then drying by the concrete at the junctions between the blocks forming the lost formwork, in particular when casting a curved wall through the implementation of foldable plates 3 around their folds 9 and shuttering blocks 1 comprising such plates 3 .

The implementation of the shuttering plates 3 and shuttering blocks 1 according to the invention for producing a curved concrete wall of radius of curvature R is very easy and in fact totally analogous to that plates and blocks described in the previous document FR 2,889,550 and represented at figures 1 and 2 .

In a first step, formwork blocks 1 are formed using at least one deformable formwork plate 3 according to the invention and a second formwork plate 2 identical to the formwork plate 3 or else identical for example to the plates described in FR 2,889,550 . These shuttering plates 2, 3 are secured together with screws to form the shuttering blocks 1 as shown in FIG. FR 2,889,550 .

Once the lost formwork blocks 1 are formed, the formwork is prepared by stacking a height and a width of blocks 1 necessary for the realization of the desired wall. To do this, the blocks are joined together by means of their vertical and horizontal interlocking members 10, 11 and are fixed in position by means of retaining clips. Once this is achieved, the curvature (convex or concave) desired for the wall to be made is deformed by deforming the shuttering plates 3 around their folds 9 in a manner appropriate to confer the desired radius of curvature for the wall to be made. This curvature is then maintained via a sole with a lag bolt, at each junction of the assembled formwork blocks 1 . This maintains the curvature of the formwork and can then proceed to the casting of the wall.

Claims (8)

1. A formwork plate (3) for assembling with another plate (2, 3) to form a permanent form block (1) for making a swimming pool wall out of concrete, the plate comprising:

   at least one rectangular panel (4) having a front face (5) and a rear face (6);

   · assembly members (7) for assembling with another said plate, the assembly members being arranged on the front face (5) of the rectangular panel (4) and being complementary to assembly members (7) of another said plate, at least one bending deformation zone (9) being formed in the rectangular panel (4) between at least two said assembly members (7); and

   horizontal engagement members formed integrally with an edge of the rectangular panel to enable a plurality of identical formwork plates and/or of permanent form blocks obtained by assembling such plates to be assembled together by horizontal engagement, the bending deformation zone (9) formed in the rectangular panel extending along a straight line parallel to the edge of the panel including said horizontal engagement members,
   the plate being characterized in that:

   the bending deformation zone (9) is a material fold extending along a straight line over the entire width or length of the rectangular panel, constituting a preferred zone for bending deformation in the formwork plate; and in that

   it further includes vertical engagement members formed integrally with an edge of the rectangular panel to enable a plurality of identical formwork plates and/or permanent form blocks obtained by assembling such plates to be assembled together by vertical engagement, each material fold (9) formed in the rectangular panel extending along a straight line perpendicular to the edge of the panel that includes said vertical engagement members.
2. A formwork plate (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the rectangular panel (4) includes a said material fold (9) between all of said assembly members.
3. A formwork plate (3) according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the material fold(s) (9) protect from the rear face (6) of the rectangular panel (4).
4. A formwork plate (3) according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the material fold(s) (9) project from the front face (5) of the rectangular panel (4).
5. A formwork plate (3) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the material fold(s) (9) present(s) a cross-section in the form of an isosceles triangle of base lying in the range 10 mm to 40 mm, and of height lying in the range 20 mm to 60 mm.
6. A formwork plate (3) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the distance between two consecutive folds lies in the range 30 mm to 150 mm.
7. A formwork plate (3) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is made of injection-moulded plastics material.
8. A permanent form block (1) for making a screen wall, in particular for a swimming pool, characterized in that it comprises two formwo.rk plates (2, 3) assembled together by complementary assembly members (7), at least one of the two formwork plates (2, 3) being in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 7.

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