EP2446507B1 - Verfahren zum helfen beim steuern einer antenne, dieses verfahren verwendende servosteuerantenne und mobiles endgerät mit einer solchen antenne - Google Patents

Verfahren zum helfen beim steuern einer antenne, dieses verfahren verwendende servosteuerantenne und mobiles endgerät mit einer solchen antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2446507B1
EP2446507B1 EP10725750.3A EP10725750A EP2446507B1 EP 2446507 B1 EP2446507 B1 EP 2446507B1 EP 10725750 A EP10725750 A EP 10725750A EP 2446507 B1 EP2446507 B1 EP 2446507B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
radiating elements
pointing
radiating
activating
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Not-in-force
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EP10725750.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2446507A1 (de
Inventor
Gérard Raguenet
Nicolas Chuberre
Olivier Courseille
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/002—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing at least two patterns of different beamwidth; Variable beamwidth antennas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of assisting the pointing of an antenna and an assisted pointing antenna implementing this method. It applies in particular to the field of satellite communications and more particularly for broadband applications using nomadic terminals, that is to say transportable, but usable in a fixed position.
  • Satellite data communication systems require the use of antennas that are correctly oriented relative to the satellite.
  • the pointing of the antenna must be realized with a precision of the order of the degree, even a few tenths of a degree, which can not be achieved manually without using means of pointing aid.
  • antennas whose pointing is aided by mechanical means.
  • a rough score is manually performed by the user, for example by operating the antenna in rotation so as to pre-position it with respect to the satellite. Then the user performs a small scan in site and azimuth to determine the maximum level of signal received from the satellite.
  • the antenna is equipped with a sound signal generator whose frequency is proportional to the level of the received signal. Intuitively, the user locates the maximum reception level corresponding to the center of the antenna lobe.
  • This technique is implemented on terminals operating in Ku-band and equipped with bulky parabolic antennas whose size is of the order of 60 to 70 cm in diameter.
  • Other flat antennas are equipped with an electronic pointing mechanism, such as, for example, antennas using the process known as "conical scan".
  • a rough score is manually made by the user, for example in rotating the antenna so as to pre-position it with respect to the satellite.
  • the manual pointing thus achieved is located in an estimated error cone of the order of plus or minus ten degrees around the actual position of the satellite.
  • a pointing aid is then performed electronically by an automated algorithm that successively scans all the angular domains included in the uncertainty cone, and calculates for each domain, the energy level received with respect to the noise. to derive the precise direction of the satellite.
  • the search for the satellite is done via a signal received on a radiofrequency channel of the satellite or a signal coming from a beacon and makes it possible to define the angles of pointing in site and in azimuth which must be given as set the attenuators and phase shifters of the electronic antenna in order to point the antenna beam correctly.
  • This technique makes it possible to perform a pointing aid and acquisition of the carrier of the satellite in a correct way, but has the disadvantage of requiring a large number of controls with an antenna comprising a large number of phase shift modules and formation of bundles and be very complex and very expensive to implement, which is unacceptable for use with low-cost terminals such as desktops.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method of assisting the pointing of an antenna, preferably of planar type, not having the drawbacks of known methods and assisted pointing antennas, comprising means for assisting pointing. simple to implement and at a lower cost and to achieve a fine score, quickly and reliably.
  • the second step comprises at least two substeps consisting of successively activating an increasing number of radiating elements from the first central part towards the second part and then towards a peripheral part of the radiating panel surrounding the second part up to the second part. activation of all the radiating elements of the antenna and, at each substep, manually refine the pointing direction of the antenna in site and in azimuth.
  • the activation of the radiating elements of the antenna is achieved by manually actuating at least two switching means.
  • the pointing direction of the antenna is adjusted at each step by actuating verniers adjusting in rotation about two axes respectively in elevation and in azimuth.
  • the maximum level of reception of the signal emitted by the satellite is determined by viewing a light signal or by hearing a sound signal, the light-or sound signal depending on the reception level.
  • the first and second activation means are microwave switches.
  • the adjustment means are step verniers.
  • the antenna further comprises, on reception, third activation means for activating third radiating elements situated in a third peripheral part of the radiating panel surrounding the second part and at least one second means for combining the signals received by the radiating elements activated by the first, the second and the third activation means.
  • the invention also relates to a mobile terminal comprising an assisted pointing antenna.
  • the method of assisting the pointing of an antenna according to the invention comprises at least two successive steps.
  • the first step makes it possible to acquire a signal derived from a satellite, for example of the geostationary type, and to perform a pre-pointing of the antenna in the direction corresponding to a maximum energy level of this signal .
  • the pre-pointing is achieved by activating only a few radiating elements of the antenna located at the center of the radiating panel so as to obtain a radiated beam, called a spot, having a broad radiation pattern, and therefore not very directional, and a low gain, which makes it possible to obtain a fast but coarse manual score with a low precision, so with a large margin of error.
  • the second step makes it possible to refine the pointing direction and thus reduce the margin of error.
  • the score is refined by activating a greater number of radiating elements from the center to the periphery of the radiating panel of the antenna, so as to obtain a finer spot and therefore more directional.
  • the second step can be split into several successive sub-steps.
  • the number of radiating elements activated from the center to the periphery is, from one substep to the next, successively more and more important until the activation of the complete antenna, which allows to obtain more and more directive spots and to refine more and more the score achieved in successive sub-stages.
  • two or three steps are sufficient.
  • the pointing aid method is applied to an antenna of A4 format.
  • three steps are sufficient to obtain a positioning of the radio axis of the antenna towards the satellite with a precision of the degree.
  • the antenna example shown schematically on the figure 1a comprises a radiating panel 10 consisting of an array of radiating elements 12 of the patch type.
  • the figure 1b shows an example of distribution of the radiating elements of the antenna into fifteen subsets, called basic bricks 11, each base brick 11 having thirty two radiating elements 12 arranged in a rectangular configuration.
  • the directivity of each radiating element may be of the order of 9 dBi and the directivity of a basic brick may be of the order of 24 dBi.
  • the central portion 13 of the antenna corresponding to the central base brick is activated.
  • the figure 2a represents an enlargement of the activated part of the antenna.
  • the pre-pointing of the antenna is done manually using for example a receiver type GPS (in English: Global Positioning System) and a compass.
  • the GPS receiver is used to determine the local geographic coordinates of the terminal, ie longitude and latitude, and to calculate the angular orientation required in site and azimuth so that the antenna can receive a signal from the satellite to acquire whose longitude is known by the terminal during its first implementation.
  • the longitude of the satellite is given by the operator when offering services.
  • the signal received from the satellite can come either from a beacon on board the satellite or as a carrier transmitted in a satellite communication channel.
  • the compass gives the direction of the geographic North which allows to orient, approximately, the antenna in site and in azimuth.
  • the method then consists in aligning the direction of the maximum radiation of the central base brick of the antenna with respect to the direction of the satellite.
  • the radiation pattern of the beam radiated by this central part of the antenna for example at a frequency of 20 GHz as represented on the Figures 2c and 2d , gives the order of magnitude of the pointing accuracy that can be obtained.
  • the spot radiated by this central zone is elliptical and its widths at -10dB in two perpendicular sectional planes XZ and YZ are respectively equal to approximately 24 ° and 12 °, Z being the direction of an axis normal to the surface of the radiating panel, X and Y being orthogonal axes located in the plane of the radiating panel and respectively corresponding to the main axes of the antenna in elevation and in azimuth.
  • the alignment procedure of the antenna with respect to the satellite is continued by using verniers of adjustment of the rotating antenna around of the two X and Y axes and energy level indicators of the signals received by a receiver of the antenna, so as to position the antenna in the direction of the maximum energy of the radiation pattern of the central part of the antenna.
  • the energy level indicators can be, for example, light signals emitted by light-emitting diodes or sound signals emitted by a buzzer.
  • the adjustment verniers preferably comprise a device for rotating in a step-by-step manner.
  • the accuracy of alignment of the antenna normal to the satellite is approximately 6 ° in the XZ plane, and 3 ° in the YZ plane, as shown by the Figures 2c and 2d .
  • the central part of the antenna corresponding to the central base brick and an intermediate part of the antenna comprising four additional bricks surrounding the central brick are activated simultaneously.
  • these five bricks form, in this example, a drawing in the shape of a cross.
  • the directivity of the operational part of the antenna is then improved and of the order of 31 dBi with respect to the directivity of the only central part used in the first step and consisting of a single basic brick which is the order of 24 dBi.
  • the fact of using a larger part of the antenna provides a more directional radiation pattern, so with an amplitude with larger slopes of variation that will further refine the pointing.
  • the alignment procedure of the antenna with respect to the satellite is continued by using the verniers of adjustment of the antenna in rotation around the two axes X and Y and the level indicators of the signals received by a receiver of the antenna, so as to position the antenna in the direction of the maximum of the radiation pattern of the activated zone of the antenna comprising the central part and the intermediate part.
  • the accuracy of the alignment of the antenna normal to the satellite is approximately 2.6 ° according to the XZ plane, and 1.3 ° according to the YZ plane, as shown by the figures 3b and 3c .
  • the complete panel of the antenna comprising the fifteen basic bricks is activated.
  • the directivity of the complete panel is improved compared to the cases of the two previous steps where only part of the panel is activated.
  • the directivity of the complete panel is of the order of 35.8 dBi.
  • the fact to activate all the radiating elements of the antenna panel makes it possible to obtain a more directional radiation pattern than in the preceding steps and to refine the pointing once more.
  • the alignment procedure of the antenna with respect to the satellite is continued using the same method of adjustment as in the previous steps, by means of the adjustment verniers and received signal levels so as to position the antenna in the direction of the maximum of the radiation pattern of the complete radiating panel.
  • the final accuracy of the alignment of the antenna normal towards the satellite is about 1 ° according to the XZ plane, and 0.8 ° according to the YZ plane, as shown by the Figures 4a and 4b .
  • the precision obtained is of the order of 1 °.
  • the antenna is considered correctly pointed towards the satellite with a final pointing accuracy of plus or minus 0.5 ° according to the two axes in elevation and in azimuth.
  • This pointing assistance strategy is very simple since each step uses only information delivered by a signal receiver and is performed manually by the user, iteratively and with increasing accuracy depending on the size of the antenna, only by actuating verniers of rotational adjustments around the two axes site and azimuth of the antenna in accordance with indications of level of the received signal.
  • the number of steps used depends on the desired pointing accuracy and the operating frequency used. Typically, two or three steps are sufficient.
  • the different parts of the radiating panel and the base bricks may have different shapes from those chosen in the embodiment described, but they must be made to form sets of radiating elements that can be activated successively from the center to the periphery of the radiating panel of the antenna.
  • the figure 5 represents an example of antenna architecture implementing the pointing aid method.
  • This architecture has no search calculator of the optimum pointing direction.
  • the activation of the different parts of the antenna to go from a step of the pointing assist method to the next step is controlled only by means of microwave switches whose position change is activated manually by the user, which limits the complexity and cost of realization of the antenna.
  • signal combiners make it possible to combine the signals received by at least two different parts of the antenna.
  • the pointing aid method comprises three successive steps and the radiating elements mounted on the radiating panel of the antenna are thus configured in three concentric subassemblies respectively constituting a central portion 1 of the antenna, an intermediate portion 2 surrounding the central portion 1, and an outer peripheral portion 3 surrounding the intermediate portion 2.
  • the number of parts of the antenna is modified accordingly.
  • the antenna comprises a transmission path and a reception path connected via diplexers 21, 22, 23, to each of the three parts of the radiating panel.
  • the diplexers provide, in a conventional manner, the separation of the transmit and receive channels.
  • the signals received on each of the channels are amplified in respective amplifiers 41, 42, 43 before being transmitted to a receiver 30.
  • the reception channel comprises a signal receiver 30 connected to the different parts of the radiating panel of the antenna via a plurality of microwave switches 31, 32, 33, 34 and signal combiners 35, 36.
  • the output of the receiver is connected to a modulation and demodulation interface 37.
  • the central part 1 of the antenna is connected to a first switch 31 having a first position connected to the receiver 30 via a second switch 32 and a second position connected to a first signal combiner 35.
  • the first combiner signal 35 has two inputs respectively connected to the intermediate portion 2 and the central portion 1 of the antenna when the first switch 31 is in the second position and an output connected to the receiver 30 via a third switch 33 having a first position connected to the second switch 32 and a second position connected to a second signal combiner 36.
  • the second signal combiner 36 has two inputs respectively connected to the outer peripheral part 3 of the antenna and to the output of the first signal combiner 35 when the third switch 33 is in the second position and an output connected to the receiver 30 by the intermediate of a fourth switch 34 and the second switch 32.
  • a reception mode operation during the initial phase of acquiring the signal of a satellite and pointing the antenna towards the satellite, the successive activation of each of the three subassemblies 1, 2, 3 of radiating elements of the antenna is performed by the user only by successively changing the position of one or more microwave switches 31, 32, 33, 34 connected to the signal receiver 30.
  • the terminal has the authorization of only when the antenna is correctly pointed.
  • the modulation and demodulation interface 37 which is intended to shape a signal to be transmitted, is connected to an amplifier 38, then to a signal splitter 39 which divides the signal to be emitted in three components respectively applied at the input of each of the three parts 1, 2, 3 of the antenna via the respective diplexers 21, 22, 23.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Verfahren zum Helfen beim Steuern einer Antenne, das darin besteht, eine Antenne zu verwenden, die eine Vielzahl strahlender Elemente aufweist, die auf einer Fläche einer strahlenden Platte verteilt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es darin besteht:
    - in einem ersten Schritt Aktivieren nur der ersten strahlenden Elemente, die sich in einem ersten zentralen Teil der strahlenden Platte befinden, Sicherstellen mit Hilfe der manuellen Einstellmittel einer Vorsteuerung der Antenne hinsichtlich Elevations- und Azimutwinkel in eine Richtung, die einem maximalen Empfangsenergieniveau eines von einem Satelliten gesendeten Signals entspricht, um die Antenne in einer ersten optimalen Position zu positionieren,
    - in einem zweiten Schritt, wobei die Antenne nach Abschluss des ersten Schritts in der optimalen Position ist, nachfolgendes gleichzeitiges Aktivieren der ersten strahlenden Elemente und mindestens zweiter strahlender Elemente, die sich in einem zweiten Teil der strahlenden Platte befinden, der den ersten zentralen Teil umschließt, und Verfeinern der Steuerungsrichtung der Antenne in Elevation und in Azimut gemäß einem maximalen Empfangsniveau.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Schritt mindestens zwei Unterschritte aufweist, die darin bestehen, eine zunehmende Anzahl strahlender Elemente des ersten zentralen Teils in Richtung des zweiten Teils und danach in Richtung eines peripheren Teils der strahlenden Platte, die den zweiten Teil umschließt, bis zur Aktivierung aller strahlenden Elemente der Antenne nacheinander zu aktivieren und bei jedem Unterschritt die Steuerungsrichtung der Antenne hinsichtlich Elevations- und Azimutwinkel manuell zu verfeinern.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für den Übergang von einer Steuerungsrichtung zu einer anderen die Aktivierung der strahlenden Elemente der Antenne durch manuelle Betätigung von mindestens zwei Umschaltmitteln erfolgt.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerungsrichtung der Antenne bei jedem Schritt durch Betätigung von um zwei jeweilige Elevations- und Azimutachsen rotierenden Steuernonien eingestellt wird.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das maximale Empfangsniveau des von dem Satelliten gesendeten Signals durch Visualisierung eines Lichtsignals oder durch Ertönen eines Tonsignals bestimmt wird, wobei das Licht- oder Tonsignal vom Empfangsniveau abhängt.
  6. Sende- und Empfangsantenne mit Servosteuerung für die Umsetzung des Verfahrens nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Antenne eine Vielzahl strahlender Elemente aufweist, die auf einer Fläche einer strahlenden Platte verteilt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ferner für den Empfang aufweist:
    - erste Aktivierungsmittel, um nur erste strahlende Elemente zu aktiveren, die sich in einem ersten zentralen Teil der strahlenden Platte befinden,
    - mindestens zweite Aktivierungsmittel mindestens der zweiten strahlenden Elemente, die sich in einem zweiten Teil der strahlenden Platte befinden, der den ersten zentralen Teil umschließt, und mindestens ein erstes Kombinationsmittel der von den von den ersten und zweiten Aktivierungsmitteln aktivierten strahlenden Elementen empfangenen Signale,
    - manuelle Einstellmittel zur Sicherung einer Vorsteuerung der Antenne und zur Verfeinerung der Steuerung hinsichtlich Elevations- und Azimutwinkel in eine Richtung, die einem maximalen Empfangsniveau eines von dem Satelliten gesendeten Signals entspricht.
  7. Antenne nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ersten und zweiten Aktivierungsmittel Hyperfrequenzumschalter sind.
  8. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einstellmittel Schrittnonien sind.
  9. Antenne nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ferner für den Empfang dritte Aktivierungsmittel aufweist, um dritte strahlende Elemente zu aktivieren, die sich in einem dritten peripheren Teil der strahlenden Platte befinden, die den zweiten Teil umschließt, und mindestens ein zweites Kombinationsmittel der von den von den ersten, den zweiten und den dritten Aktivierungsmitteln aktivierten strahlenden Elementen empfangenen Signale.
  10. Wanderendgerät, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9 aufweist.
EP10725750.3A 2009-06-26 2010-06-21 Verfahren zum helfen beim steuern einer antenne, dieses verfahren verwendende servosteuerantenne und mobiles endgerät mit einer solchen antenne Not-in-force EP2446507B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0903134A FR2947388B1 (fr) 2009-06-26 2009-06-26 Procede d'aide au pointage d'une antenne, antenne a pointage assiste mettant en oeuvre ce procede et terminal nomade comportant une telle antenne
PCT/EP2010/058700 WO2010149605A1 (fr) 2009-06-26 2010-06-21 Procédé d'aide au pointage d'une antenne, antenne à pointage assisté mettant en oeuvre ce procédé et terminal nomade comportant une telle antenne

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EP2446507A1 EP2446507A1 (de) 2012-05-02
EP2446507B1 true EP2446507B1 (de) 2014-11-12

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EP10725750.3A Not-in-force EP2446507B1 (de) 2009-06-26 2010-06-21 Verfahren zum helfen beim steuern einer antenne, dieses verfahren verwendende servosteuerantenne und mobiles endgerät mit einer solchen antenne

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EP (1) EP2446507B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2527217T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2947388B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2010149605A1 (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015048998A1 (en) * 2013-10-03 2015-04-09 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) A device and a method for antenna alignment
US10756443B1 (en) 2019-08-30 2020-08-25 Cth Lending Company, Llc Methods for formation of antenna array from sub-arrays
CN111277309B (zh) * 2020-01-21 2023-05-05 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 客户前置设备

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2703190B1 (fr) * 1993-03-26 1995-05-12 Alcatel Espace Structure rayonnante à directivité variable.
US6307507B1 (en) * 2000-03-07 2001-10-23 Motorola, Inc. System and method for multi-mode operation of satellite phased-array antenna
US7224685B2 (en) * 2001-09-13 2007-05-29 Ipr Licensing, Inc. Method of detection of signals using an adaptive antenna in a peer-to-peer network
AU2003286031A1 (en) * 2003-03-11 2004-09-30 Nortel Networks Limited System and method of operation of an array antenna in a distributed wireless communication network
JP2006333069A (ja) * 2005-05-26 2006-12-07 Hitachi Ltd 移動体用アンテナ制御装置およびアンテナ制御方法

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FR2947388B1 (fr) 2012-05-18
ES2527217T3 (es) 2015-01-21
EP2446507A1 (de) 2012-05-02
FR2947388A1 (fr) 2010-12-31
WO2010149605A1 (fr) 2010-12-29

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