EP0415818B1 - Steuerung der Ausrichtung für Antennensystem mit elektronisch gesteuerter Auslenkung und Strahlformung durch Berechnung - Google Patents

Steuerung der Ausrichtung für Antennensystem mit elektronisch gesteuerter Auslenkung und Strahlformung durch Berechnung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0415818B1
EP0415818B1 EP90402313A EP90402313A EP0415818B1 EP 0415818 B1 EP0415818 B1 EP 0415818B1 EP 90402313 A EP90402313 A EP 90402313A EP 90402313 A EP90402313 A EP 90402313A EP 0415818 B1 EP0415818 B1 EP 0415818B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
digital
delay
signal
analog
input
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP90402313A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0415818A1 (de
Inventor
André Champeau
Serge Maclman
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2682—Time delay steered arrays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna system with electronic scanning and beam formation by calculation, and in particular a way of achieving, over a very wide angular range, precise pointing in a wide frequency band.
  • a fixed array of elementary antennas is used in very large numbers each receiving (or transmitting) an elementary signal, the combination of the various elementary signals corresponding to the wave to be received (or to be transmitted).
  • Electronic scanning consists in receiving (or transmitting) a wave whose orientation is not the same as that of the network, for example a wave whose direction of propagation forms an angle of site and / or azimuth relative to the axis of the network.
  • the first technique consists in making an approximation of the delay by phase shift of the received wave.
  • phase shifting circuit placed in the active module associated with each of the elementary antennas; in addition, the phase shifts can be adjusted quickly and with adequate quantification.
  • propagation delay lines have hitherto been used, which are either radioelectric (coaxial lines) or optical (optical fibers). , after electro-optical conversion).
  • Each reception channel thus comprises a battery of delay lines; for each targeted direction, the line which switches the delay corresponding to the desired delay gradation is switched for each channel.
  • This technique due to the fact that it introduces a pure delay and no longer an approximation of a delay, eliminates the aforementioned defects in frequency dispersivity and therefore allows operation over a very wide band and for a network of large dimensions.
  • the switching (electrical or optical) of the delay lines involves a significant response time which introduces a certain slowness in the "reprogramming" of the antenna array (that is to say the modification of its pointing and of its law of illumination).
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a pointing mode of the latter type using digital delay generators operating indirectly on the digital signals of the elementary antennas of the network by means of the clock signals of the analog-digital or digital converters.
  • analog used for change from analog to digital or digital to analog form While being very simple and inexpensive, especially when the digital signals of the elementary antennas are presented in a parallel format, this pointing mode provides a possibility of variation of pointing direction over an extremely wide range, in an almost continuous manner and without appearance of no frequency dispersion phenomenon.
  • the invention is an improvement to an antenna system comprising a plurality of elementary antennas configured in a network with, associated with each antenna or antenna sub-network, a reception channel comprising, in series: an active module for reception; delay means, capable of selectively introducing a pure propagation delay of the signal picked up by the elementary antenna, so as to produce for the various respective elementary antennas a gradation of delays making it possible to define a desired pointing of the direction of the wave to receive in relation to the proper orientation of the network; and an analog / digital converter receiving the received analog signal as an input to output, to a beamforming calculator, a corresponding digitized signal.
  • Analog to digital converter includes analog signal input, digital signal output and clock input receiving a clock signal controlling the sampling instant of the conversion.
  • the delay means comprise a digitally programmable delay generator having: a programming input receiving from a time attendance computer a digital control word defining the delay to be produced; a trigger input receiving the clock signal controlling the sampling instant of the conversion of the analog / digital converter; and a signal output driving the clock input of the analog / digital converter, the digital signal output of the analog / digital converter being directly applied to the corresponding input of the beamforming computer.
  • the invention also applies to the case of an antenna operating in transmission, for the formation of illumination beams.
  • the transmission channel associated with each antenna or antenna sub-network comprises, in series: a digital / analog converter receiving as input, from a beamforming calculator, the digital signal to be transmitted and delivering at output a corresponding analog signal; delay means, capable of selectively introducing a pure propagation delay of the signal to be emitted by the elementary antenna, so as to produce for the different respective elementary antennas a gradation of delays making it possible to define a desired pointing of the direction of the wave to be emitted relative to the proper orientation of the network; and an active transmission module.
  • the digital to analog converter comprises a digital signal input, an analog signal output and a clock input receiving a clock signal controlling the sampling instant of the conversion.
  • the delay means comprise a digitally programmable delay generator having a programming input receiving from a pointing computer a digital control word defining the delay to be produced, a trigger input receiving the commanding clock signal the sampling time of the conversion of the digital / analog converter and a signal output driving the clock input of the digital / analog converter.
  • the digital control word produced by the pointing computer can take into account, in addition to the pure delay necessary for pointing, the compensation for pure differential delays between channels introduced by the differences in length of the respective transmission lines of the clock signals and / or transmission of the signals picked up by the elementary antennas.
  • each channel can also include controlled phase shifting means, capable of selectively introducing a phase delay of the signal picked up and / or transmitted by the elementary antenna, so as to allow fine adjustment of the pointing defined by the gradation of the pure delays. produced by digital delay means.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a network antenna pointing system of the prior art.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation, homologous to that of Figure 1, of a network antenna pointing system according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows the digitally programmable delay generator in isolation.
  • a network comprising as many reception channels as elementary antennas.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the systems, mentioned above, of pure delay pointing used so far.
  • the reception channel associated with each elementary antenna 1 comprises an active reception module 2 and an analog / digital converter 3 delivering (in a digitized form, to a beamforming calculator 4, the received signals.
  • the beams formation results from 'a certain number of weighting coefficients applied to each of the channels, the different coefficients being produced by a calculator for developing the coefficients 5 according to the desired illumination law.
  • the weighted sum of the different channels which therefore corresponds to the received signals processed in the angular domain, is transmitted on a bus 6 (or other means of transmission) for analysis in the other processing axes.
  • the system also includes a time base 7 generating clock signals applied to the different analog / digital converters 3 (control of the sampling instant of the samplers / blockers of these converters), and a battery of delay lines 8 making it possible to introduce the desired pure propagation delay on each channel.
  • the delay line battery 8 comprises, for each channel, a plurality of delay lines (electrical or optical) 9 selected by switches 10, 11 (diodes or transistors) controlled by a pointing computer 12 via a beam of control lines 13.
  • the line is chosen which makes it possible to compensate for the propagation delay ⁇ t i resulting from the difference in orientation between the plane P of the network and the plane P 'of the wave to be received.
  • the converters 3 then being digital / analog converters
  • the modules 2 being transmission modules
  • the pointing direction being the direction of the wave to be transmitted.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of the invention.
  • the batteries of delay lines 8 have been eliminated and the elementary antennas 1 are directly connected to the active modules 2 and to the analog / digital converter 3, that is to say that the signal applied at input A (analog input) of analog / digital converter 3 is a signal with no added delay.
  • the compensation delay will no longer be introduced at the level of the analog circuits, as was the case in the prior art, but downstream, at the level of the digital circuits.
  • circuits 14 of the "digitally programmable delay generator” type are very advantageously produced by circuits 14 of the "digitally programmable delay generator" type.
  • They essentially comprise, as illustrated in isolation in FIG. 3, a trigger input D, a delayed signal output S and a programming input P receiving a digital word defining the desired delay.
  • the programmable delay generators available today have a very large delay dynamic, typically from a few nanoseconds to several hundred microseconds, with a resolution of the order of 10 ps.
  • the clock signals produced by the time base 7 are thus applied to the trigger input D of the respective delay generators, the clock signal then being transmitted to the input H of the analog / digital converter 3 with a delay, specific to each of the channels, defined by the digital word generated by the pointing computer 12 and applied to the programming input P.
  • the lengths of the lines distributing the clock signals of the time base 7 to each of the delay generators 14 can be of identical or different lengths; in the latter case, the pointing calculator 12 takes these length differences into account and compensates for them by an appropriate correlative modification of the digital word applied to the input P.
  • This embodiment in which the clock signals are acted on, has the further advantage of acting on signals produced internally by the time base, which are therefore signals that are not very sensitive to disturbances and not bearers of complex information; there is therefore not (with the exception of jitter or phase noise) any degradation of the signal / noise ratio due to (the insertion of an added delay.
  • the principle of the invention is of course applicable in transmission for the formation of illumination beams, the differential delays being applied to the digital level of the generation of the signals driving the transmission modules of the elementary antennas.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Antennensystem mit elektronischer Ablenkung und Strahlbildung durch digitale Rechnung, bestehend aus einer Vielzahl von Elementarantennen (1), die in Netzform konfiguriert sind, wobei jeder Antenne oder jedem Teilnetz von Antennen ein Empfangskanal zugeordnet ist, der in Reihe enthält:
    - einen aktiven Empfangsmodul (2),
    - Verzögerungsmittel, die selektiv eine reine Laufzeitverzögerung des von der Elementarantenne empfangenen Signals bewirken können, so daß für die verschiedenen Elementarantennen eine Abstufung der Verzögerungen erreicht wird, die eine gewünschte Ausrichtung der zu empfangenden Wellen bezüglich der Eigenausrichtung des Netzes definieren kann,
    - und einen Analog-Digital-Wandler (3), der am Eingang das empfangene Analogsignal empfängt, um am Ausgang an einen Strahlbildungsrechner (4) ein entsprechendes digitalisiertes Signal zu liefern, wobei der Wandler einen analogen Signaleingang (A), einen Ausgang für das digitalisierte Signal (N) und einen Takteingang (H) aufweist, über den er ein den Tastzeitpunkt der Umwandlung steuerndes Taktsignal empfängt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verzögerungsmittel einen digital programmierbaren Verzögerungsgenerator enthalten,
    - mit einem Programmiereingang (P), an den von einem Ausrichtungsrechner (12) ein digitales Steuerwort angelegt wird, das die zu erzeugende Verzögerung definiert,
    - mit einem Auslösungseingang (D), an dem das den Tastzeitpunkt der Analog-Digital-Wandlung steuernde Taktsignal anliegt,
    - und mit einem Signalausgang (S), der den Takteingang des Analog-Digital-Wandlers (3) steuert,
    wobei der Ausgang (N) des Analog-Digital-Wandlers (3) für das digitalisierte Signal unmittelbar an den entsprechenden Eingang des Strahlbildungsrechners angelegt ist.
  2. Antennensystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Kanal weiter gesteuerte phasenschiebermittel besitzt, die selektiv eine Phasenverzögerung des von der Elementarantenne aufgefangenen Signals erzeugen können, so daß eine Feineinstellung der durch die Abstufung der von den digitalen Verzögerungsmitteln erzeugten reinen Verzögerungen definierten Ausrichtung ermöglicht wird.
  3. Antennensystem mit elektronischer Ablenkung und Strahlbildung durch digitale Rechnung, wobei das System eine Vielzahl von in Netzform konfigurierten Elementarantennen enthält und jeder Antenne oder jedem Teilnetz von Antennen ein Sendekanal zugeordnet ist, der in Reihe enthält:
    - einen Digital-Analog-Wandler, der am Eingang von einem Strahlbildungsrechner das auszusendende digitale Signal empfängt und am Ausgang ein entsprechendes Analogsignal liefert, sowie einen digitalen Eingang, einen Ausgang für das analoge Signal und einen Takteingang besitzt, an dem ein den Tastzeitpunkt der Umwandlung steuerndes Taktsignal anliegt,
    - Verzögerungsmittel, die selektiv eine reine Laufzeit-Verzögerung des von der Elementarantenne auszusendenden Signals erzeugt, so daß für die verschiedenen jeweiligen Elementarantennen eine Abstufung der Verzögerungen erreicht wird, die eine gewünschte Ausrichtung der Richtung der auszusendenden Welle bezüglich der Eigenausrichtung des Netzes zu definieren erlaubt,
    - und einen aktiven Sendemodul,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verzögerungsmittel einen digital programmierbaren Verzögerungsgenerator enthalten, der aufweist:
    - einen Programmiereingang, der von einem Ausrichtungsrechner ein digitales Steuerwort zur Definition der zu erzielenden Verzögerung empfängt,
    - einen Auslöseeingang, der das den Tastzeitpunkt der Digital-Analog-Wandlung steuernde Taktsignal empfängt,
    - und einen Signalausgang, der den Takteingang des Digital-Analog-Wandlers steuert, wobei der digitale Signaleingang des Digital-Analog-Wandlers das Signal von einem digitalen Generator der auszusendenden Wellenform empfängt.
  4. Antennensystem nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Kanal weiter gesteuerte Phasenschiebermittel enthält, die selektiv eine Phasenverzögerung des von der Elementarantenne auszusendenden Signals ergeben, so daß eine Feineinstellung der von der durch die digitalen Verzögerungsmittel erzeugten Abstufung der reinen Verzögerungen definierten Ausrichtung ermöglicht wird.
EP90402313A 1989-09-01 1990-08-20 Steuerung der Ausrichtung für Antennensystem mit elektronisch gesteuerter Auslenkung und Strahlformung durch Berechnung Expired - Lifetime EP0415818B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8911492A FR2651609B1 (fr) 1989-09-01 1989-09-01 Commande de pointage pour systeme d'antenne a balayage electronique et formation de faisceau par le calcul.
FR8911492 1989-09-01

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0415818A1 EP0415818A1 (de) 1991-03-06
EP0415818B1 true EP0415818B1 (de) 1994-05-11

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EP90402313A Expired - Lifetime EP0415818B1 (de) 1989-09-01 1990-08-20 Steuerung der Ausrichtung für Antennensystem mit elektronisch gesteuerter Auslenkung und Strahlformung durch Berechnung

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5084708A (de)
EP (1) EP0415818B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0398302A (de)
CA (1) CA2024380A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69008799T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2052211T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2651609B1 (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2024380A1 (en) 1991-03-02
ES2052211T3 (es) 1994-07-01
FR2651609A1 (fr) 1991-03-08
US5084708A (en) 1992-01-28
JPH0398302A (ja) 1991-04-23
DE69008799D1 (de) 1994-06-16
EP0415818A1 (de) 1991-03-06
FR2651609B1 (fr) 1992-01-03
DE69008799T2 (de) 1994-09-01

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