EP0072316B1 - Antenne mit elektronischer Schwenkung und mehreren Eingängen und Radar mit einer solchen Antenne - Google Patents

Antenne mit elektronischer Schwenkung und mehreren Eingängen und Radar mit einer solchen Antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0072316B1
EP0072316B1 EP82401461A EP82401461A EP0072316B1 EP 0072316 B1 EP0072316 B1 EP 0072316B1 EP 82401461 A EP82401461 A EP 82401461A EP 82401461 A EP82401461 A EP 82401461A EP 0072316 B1 EP0072316 B1 EP 0072316B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
elementary
auxiliary
main
sources
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82401461A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0072316A1 (de
Inventor
Serge Drabowitch
Guy Leterrier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Priority to AT82401461T priority Critical patent/ATE29934T1/de
Publication of EP0072316A1 publication Critical patent/EP0072316A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0072316B1 publication Critical patent/EP0072316B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2605—Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
    • H01Q3/2611—Means for null steering; Adaptive interference nulling
    • H01Q3/2629—Combination of a main antenna unit with an auxiliary antenna unit
    • H01Q3/2635—Combination of a main antenna unit with an auxiliary antenna unit the auxiliary unit being composed of a plurality of antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2658—Phased-array fed focussing structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multi-access access electronic scanning antenna and a radar comprising such an antenna.
  • An antenna with electronic scanning consists, in a known manner, of radiating elementary sources and for each of them of a phase shift circuit whose phase angle can be adjusted using a control circuit. Changing the phase angles changes the pointing direction of the antenna.
  • auxiliary antennas When a radar is equipped with an anti-jamming device, a sufficient number of auxiliary antennas are generally used so that each of them is pointed in the direction of a jammer. In this case, the signals from these auxiliary antennas are mixed, after their amplitude and their phase have been suitably adapted, with those from the main antenna in order to emulate the signals from the different jammers.
  • This solution requires the use of a large and prohibitive number of auxiliary antennas equal to the number of jammers.
  • phase shifters of the same rank corresponding to different accesses are mounted in parallel on the elementary source of the same rank, by means of a connection point allowing correct operation only for a single frequency.
  • a multiple access electronic scanning antenna comprising a number "n” of elementary sources, said accesses each formed by a waveguide connected to these "n” sources by “n” variable phase shifters, the phase shifters of same rank “i” relating to the different accesses being mounted in parallel on the elementary source of the same rank "i”, is essentially characterized in that the connection points between the phase shifters and the elementary source of the same rank "i" consist of individually charged directional couplers.
  • the elementary radiating sources will be designated in particular by S1 ... Si ..., Sn, these sources possibly being constituted for example by arrays as in FIG. 2, or dipoles as in FIG. 3.
  • the scanning antenna electronics according to the invention being equivalent to a set of main and auxiliary antennas, we will also use the expressions "main antenna” and "auxiliary antenna”.
  • auxiliary antenna To simplify the figures, only an auxiliary antenna has been shown, since the auxiliary beam is always formed according to the same principles by using part of the elementary energy received using a coupler.
  • FIG. 1 represents an assembly composed of a main antenna and an auxiliary antenna according to the invention.
  • the main antenna shown in this figure is an electronic scanning antenna on site formed by n elementary sources S1 ... Si ... Sn arranged on the focal line 8 of a cylindrical reflector 21 with parabolic director.
  • Each of the elementary sources Si is associated with an adjustable phase shift circuit 28 Ci and a charged directional coupler Ci.
  • the auxiliary antenna also consists of n elementary sources.
  • the elementary source of order i of the auxiliary antenna comprises a phase shifter circuit 29 whose phase angle (pi is adjustable and a directional coupler C'i loaded.
  • the phase shifter circuit 29 of order i is supplied by a part of the energy received by the elementary source of the same order Si from the main antenna, this energy being taken, before phase shift in the circuit 28, by a charged directional coupler C "i, disposed between the source Si and the phase shift circuit 28 ⁇ i, of corresponding order i.
  • the energy of the beam from the main antenna is collected in a loaded waveguide 22 to which the elementary assemblies each formed by the association of a phase shifting circuit 28 and a directional coupler Ci, are connected through the couplers Ci.
  • the energy of the beam of the auxiliary antenna is collected in a loaded waveguide 23, to which the elementary assemblies each formed by the association of a directional coupler C "i, of a phase shifting circuit 29 and d a coupler C'i are connected via couplers C'i.
  • the load of the directional couplers Ci, C'i, C "i and the waveguides 22, 23 is designated respectively by 30 and 40.
  • FIG. 2 represents a variant of the embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • the electronic scanning antenna of FIG. 2 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 1 in that the elementary sources S1 ... Si ... Sn are constituted by a radiating assembly ensuring directly the focusing in bearing.
  • the radiating elements are constituted by p helices h i1 ... h ij ... h ip supplied by a system of the espalier type, by guided division, carried by a network Pi. an networks P1 ... Pi ... Pn arranged in parallel.
  • each of the radiating beams Pi is associated with a phase shifter 28 whose phase shift Ci is adjustable and a directional coupler Ci loaded at 30.
  • phase shift circuit 28 ⁇ i and the elementary source Si constituted by the network Pi carrying the p radiating elements h i1 ... h ij ... h ip
  • a directional coupler C "i charged at 30 takes part of the elementary energy received by the main antenna, this elementary energy taken off is then applied to the input of an adjustable phase shift circuit 29 where it undergoes a phase shift (pi before supplying, as in FIG. 1, a guide d wave 23, loaded at 40, via a directional coupler C'i loaded at 30.
  • the energy of the beam of the main antenna is, on reception, collected in a waveguide 22, loaded at the end 40, via the couplers Ci.
  • FIG. 3a represents a set of antennas of the lens type, with its two front 25 and rear 26 faces and comprising a main antenna and a single auxiliary antenna.
  • the front face 25 carries the elementary radiating sources Si, which are, in the embodiment represented by FIG. 3a, dipoles of the same polarization but which could be of another type, for example propellers, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the main antenna comprises for each elementary radiating source Si, an adjustable phase shift circuit 28 disposed between the front face 25 and the rear face 26, and supplying a dipole of i disposed on the rear face 26 of the antenna.
  • the n dipoles of i have identical polarization.
  • a directional coupler C "i, charged at 30, takes a part of the energy received by the source Si and feeds, via an adjustable phase shift circuit 29 ⁇ pi, a dipole of i, also arranged on the rear face 26.
  • the n dipoles of i have an identical polarization, crossed with that of the dipoles of i.
  • the dipoles of i and the dipoles of i lining the rear face 26 radiate the energy received on a primary collector, one embodiment of which is shown in FIG. 3b.
  • the respective outputs of these two primary sources radiate in cross polarization. This latter embodiment has not been shown.
  • the auxiliary antenna can be pointed in the direction of a jammer.
  • a calculation circuit determines the phase shift circuits 28 whose phase ⁇ i must be modified in order to minimize the gain of the main antenna in the direction of the dudil, jammer.
  • phase angle ⁇ i of the circuits 29 is then modified so as to point the auxiliary antenna towards the next jammer.
  • the previous operation is then repeated and so on for all the jammers, this for each pointing direction of the main antenna.
  • the present invention is applicable to an electronic scanning radar equipped with an anti-jamming device.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Elektronisch verschwenkbare Atenne mit mehreren Anschlüssen, die eine Azahl "n" von Elementarquellen (S;) enthält, wobei die genannten Anschlüsse jeweils durch einen Wellenleiter (22, 23) gebildet sind, der jeweils mit den "n" Quellen über "n" variable Phasenschieber (28, 29) verbunden ist, wobei die Phasenschieber gleicher Ordnung "i" (28, 29), welche zu den verschiedenen Anschlüssen gehören, an der elementaren Quelle gleicher Ordnung "i" (S;) parallelgeschaltet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindungspunkte zwischen den Phasenschiebern (28, 29) und der elementaren Quelle (S;) der Ordnung "i" in Richtkopplern (C";) bestehen, die individuell belastet sind.
2. Antennengruppe für ein Radar mit elektronischer Verschwenkung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elementaren Energien, die für die Hauptantenne um Mi bzw. für die Hilfantennenum Φi phasenverschoben sind, in einem Wellenleiter (22) bzw. (23) konzentriert sind, der über belastete Koppler Ci bzw. C'; belastet ist.
3. Antenne nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elementaren Strahlerquellen Si auf der Brennachse eines zylindrisch-parabolförmigen Reflektors ausgerichtet sind, um eine Antenne mit elektronischer Höhenwinkelverschwenkung zu bilden, wobei die sammelnden Wellenleiter (22, 23) parallel zu dieser Brennachse sind.
4. Antenne nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elementaren Strahlerquellen lineare parallele Gitterelemente sind, welche die Fokussierung und die Höhenwinkelablenkung gewährleisten und jeweils einen Satz aus p Strahlerelementen tragen, welche die Seitenwinkelfokussierung direkt gewährleisten.
5. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antenne nur einen Hilfszweig aufweist und der Hauptzweig vom Linsentyp ist und eine Vorderseite (25) aufweist, welche die elementaren Strahlerquellen (Si) trägt, sowie eine Rückseite (26) aufweist, wozwischen die einstellbaren Phasenschieberkreise des Hauptzweiges und des Hilfszweiges angeordnet sind, wobei zwei Gruppen von gekreuzten Dipolen d'i und d"i, welche die Rückseite (26) trägt, jeweils mit den empfangenen elementaren Energien gespeist werden, die jeweils um Φi phasenverschoben sind bzw. am Ausgang der Koppler (C"i) um ϕi phasenverschoben sind, und mit zwei gekreuzten Polarisationen auf den primären Kollektor abstrahlen, welcher den Wellenleiter des Hauptzweiges bzw. Hilfszweiges speist.
6. Antenne nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der primäre Kollektor des Hauptzweiges in der Brennachse der Antenne liegt und der primäre Kollektor des Hilfszweiges bezüglich der ersten primären Quelle defokussiert ist.
7. Antenne nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der primäre Kollektor, welcher in der Brennachse der Antenne liegt, dem Hauptzweig und dem Hilfszweig gemeinsam ist und zwei Ausgänge mit gekreuzter Polarisation aufweist.
8. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der primäre Kollektor bzw. die primären Kollektoren Hörner sind.
9. Radar, welches mit einer elektronisch verschwenkbaren Antenne mit mehreren Anschlüssen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese Antenne in Verbindung mit einer Antistörvorrichtung verwendet wird.
EP82401461A 1981-08-07 1982-08-03 Antenne mit elektronischer Schwenkung und mehreren Eingängen und Radar mit einer solchen Antenne Expired EP0072316B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82401461T ATE29934T1 (de) 1981-08-07 1982-08-03 Antenne mit elektronischer schwenkung und mehreren eingaengen und radar mit einer solchen antenne.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8115362 1981-08-07
FR8115362A FR2511196A1 (fr) 1981-08-07 1981-08-07 Ensemble d'antennes principale et auxiliaires a balayage electronique et radar comportant un tel ensemble

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0072316A1 EP0072316A1 (de) 1983-02-16
EP0072316B1 true EP0072316B1 (de) 1987-09-23

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EP82401461A Expired EP0072316B1 (de) 1981-08-07 1982-08-03 Antenne mit elektronischer Schwenkung und mehreren Eingängen und Radar mit einer solchen Antenne

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4544925A (de)
EP (1) EP0072316B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5838005A (de)
KR (1) KR840001394A (de)
AT (1) ATE29934T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3277394D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2511196A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4728956A (en) * 1982-12-16 1988-03-01 The Marconi Company Limited Receivers and transmitters
FR2632419B1 (fr) * 1983-11-08 1990-10-19 Thomson Csf Procede et dispositif d'antibrouillage pour radar et radar equipe d'un tel dispositif
FR2560445B1 (fr) * 1984-02-24 1986-07-18 Thomson Csf Procede d'antibrouillage pour antenne reseau et antenne utilisant ledit procede
JPS6155278U (de) * 1984-09-17 1986-04-14
JP2924376B2 (ja) * 1991-11-29 1999-07-26 日本電気株式会社 アンテナ装置
GB2517661B (en) * 1995-10-24 2016-03-30 Thomson Csf An anti-jamming antenna
US6266011B1 (en) 1999-09-30 2001-07-24 Rockwell Science Center, Llc Electronically scanned phased array antenna system and method with scan control independent of radiating frequency
FR2812457B1 (fr) 2000-07-28 2004-05-28 Thomson Csf Reflecteur hyperfrequence actif a bi-polarisation, notamment pour antenne a balalyage electronique
US8558734B1 (en) * 2009-07-22 2013-10-15 Gregory Hubert Piesinger Three dimensional radar antenna method and apparatus
FR3119027B1 (fr) * 2021-01-19 2022-12-30 Thales Sa Radar à antenne active à couverture angulaire élargie

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US3209355A (en) * 1962-12-20 1965-09-28 Radiation Inc Dual operating mode circuit
US3631503A (en) * 1969-05-02 1971-12-28 Hughes Aircraft Co High-performance distributionally integrated subarray antenna
FR2177432B1 (de) * 1971-12-01 1977-03-18 Thomson Csf
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Title
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WISSENSCHAFTLICHE BERICHTE AEG-TELEFUNKEN, vol.54, no.1/2, 1981, Frankfurt am Main (DE); D.BORGMANN:"Steuerung und Formung von Strahlungscharakteristiken mit Gruppenantennen"; pages 25-43 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE29934T1 (de) 1987-10-15
US4544925A (en) 1985-10-01
KR840001394A (ko) 1984-04-30
FR2511196A1 (fr) 1983-02-11
EP0072316A1 (de) 1983-02-16
JPS5838005A (ja) 1983-03-05
FR2511196B1 (de) 1983-12-02
DE3277394D1 (en) 1987-10-29

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