EP0072316B1 - Electronic scanning antenna with multiple ports and radar using such antenna - Google Patents

Electronic scanning antenna with multiple ports and radar using such antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0072316B1
EP0072316B1 EP82401461A EP82401461A EP0072316B1 EP 0072316 B1 EP0072316 B1 EP 0072316B1 EP 82401461 A EP82401461 A EP 82401461A EP 82401461 A EP82401461 A EP 82401461A EP 0072316 B1 EP0072316 B1 EP 0072316B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
elementary
auxiliary
main
sources
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Expired
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EP82401461A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0072316A1 (en
Inventor
Serge Drabowitch
Guy Leterrier
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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Priority to AT82401461T priority Critical patent/ATE29934T1/en
Publication of EP0072316A1 publication Critical patent/EP0072316A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2605—Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
    • H01Q3/2611—Means for null steering; Adaptive interference nulling
    • H01Q3/2629—Combination of a main antenna unit with an auxiliary antenna unit
    • H01Q3/2635—Combination of a main antenna unit with an auxiliary antenna unit the auxiliary unit being composed of a plurality of antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2658—Phased-array fed focussing structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multi-access access electronic scanning antenna and a radar comprising such an antenna.
  • An antenna with electronic scanning consists, in a known manner, of radiating elementary sources and for each of them of a phase shift circuit whose phase angle can be adjusted using a control circuit. Changing the phase angles changes the pointing direction of the antenna.
  • auxiliary antennas When a radar is equipped with an anti-jamming device, a sufficient number of auxiliary antennas are generally used so that each of them is pointed in the direction of a jammer. In this case, the signals from these auxiliary antennas are mixed, after their amplitude and their phase have been suitably adapted, with those from the main antenna in order to emulate the signals from the different jammers.
  • This solution requires the use of a large and prohibitive number of auxiliary antennas equal to the number of jammers.
  • phase shifters of the same rank corresponding to different accesses are mounted in parallel on the elementary source of the same rank, by means of a connection point allowing correct operation only for a single frequency.
  • a multiple access electronic scanning antenna comprising a number "n” of elementary sources, said accesses each formed by a waveguide connected to these "n” sources by “n” variable phase shifters, the phase shifters of same rank “i” relating to the different accesses being mounted in parallel on the elementary source of the same rank "i”, is essentially characterized in that the connection points between the phase shifters and the elementary source of the same rank "i" consist of individually charged directional couplers.
  • the elementary radiating sources will be designated in particular by S1 ... Si ..., Sn, these sources possibly being constituted for example by arrays as in FIG. 2, or dipoles as in FIG. 3.
  • the scanning antenna electronics according to the invention being equivalent to a set of main and auxiliary antennas, we will also use the expressions "main antenna” and "auxiliary antenna”.
  • auxiliary antenna To simplify the figures, only an auxiliary antenna has been shown, since the auxiliary beam is always formed according to the same principles by using part of the elementary energy received using a coupler.
  • FIG. 1 represents an assembly composed of a main antenna and an auxiliary antenna according to the invention.
  • the main antenna shown in this figure is an electronic scanning antenna on site formed by n elementary sources S1 ... Si ... Sn arranged on the focal line 8 of a cylindrical reflector 21 with parabolic director.
  • Each of the elementary sources Si is associated with an adjustable phase shift circuit 28 Ci and a charged directional coupler Ci.
  • the auxiliary antenna also consists of n elementary sources.
  • the elementary source of order i of the auxiliary antenna comprises a phase shifter circuit 29 whose phase angle (pi is adjustable and a directional coupler C'i loaded.
  • the phase shifter circuit 29 of order i is supplied by a part of the energy received by the elementary source of the same order Si from the main antenna, this energy being taken, before phase shift in the circuit 28, by a charged directional coupler C "i, disposed between the source Si and the phase shift circuit 28 ⁇ i, of corresponding order i.
  • the energy of the beam from the main antenna is collected in a loaded waveguide 22 to which the elementary assemblies each formed by the association of a phase shifting circuit 28 and a directional coupler Ci, are connected through the couplers Ci.
  • the energy of the beam of the auxiliary antenna is collected in a loaded waveguide 23, to which the elementary assemblies each formed by the association of a directional coupler C "i, of a phase shifting circuit 29 and d a coupler C'i are connected via couplers C'i.
  • the load of the directional couplers Ci, C'i, C "i and the waveguides 22, 23 is designated respectively by 30 and 40.
  • FIG. 2 represents a variant of the embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • the electronic scanning antenna of FIG. 2 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 1 in that the elementary sources S1 ... Si ... Sn are constituted by a radiating assembly ensuring directly the focusing in bearing.
  • the radiating elements are constituted by p helices h i1 ... h ij ... h ip supplied by a system of the espalier type, by guided division, carried by a network Pi. an networks P1 ... Pi ... Pn arranged in parallel.
  • each of the radiating beams Pi is associated with a phase shifter 28 whose phase shift Ci is adjustable and a directional coupler Ci loaded at 30.
  • phase shift circuit 28 ⁇ i and the elementary source Si constituted by the network Pi carrying the p radiating elements h i1 ... h ij ... h ip
  • a directional coupler C "i charged at 30 takes part of the elementary energy received by the main antenna, this elementary energy taken off is then applied to the input of an adjustable phase shift circuit 29 where it undergoes a phase shift (pi before supplying, as in FIG. 1, a guide d wave 23, loaded at 40, via a directional coupler C'i loaded at 30.
  • the energy of the beam of the main antenna is, on reception, collected in a waveguide 22, loaded at the end 40, via the couplers Ci.
  • FIG. 3a represents a set of antennas of the lens type, with its two front 25 and rear 26 faces and comprising a main antenna and a single auxiliary antenna.
  • the front face 25 carries the elementary radiating sources Si, which are, in the embodiment represented by FIG. 3a, dipoles of the same polarization but which could be of another type, for example propellers, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the main antenna comprises for each elementary radiating source Si, an adjustable phase shift circuit 28 disposed between the front face 25 and the rear face 26, and supplying a dipole of i disposed on the rear face 26 of the antenna.
  • the n dipoles of i have identical polarization.
  • a directional coupler C "i, charged at 30, takes a part of the energy received by the source Si and feeds, via an adjustable phase shift circuit 29 ⁇ pi, a dipole of i, also arranged on the rear face 26.
  • the n dipoles of i have an identical polarization, crossed with that of the dipoles of i.
  • the dipoles of i and the dipoles of i lining the rear face 26 radiate the energy received on a primary collector, one embodiment of which is shown in FIG. 3b.
  • the respective outputs of these two primary sources radiate in cross polarization. This latter embodiment has not been shown.
  • the auxiliary antenna can be pointed in the direction of a jammer.
  • a calculation circuit determines the phase shift circuits 28 whose phase ⁇ i must be modified in order to minimize the gain of the main antenna in the direction of the dudil, jammer.
  • phase angle ⁇ i of the circuits 29 is then modified so as to point the auxiliary antenna towards the next jammer.
  • the previous operation is then repeated and so on for all the jammers, this for each pointing direction of the main antenna.
  • the present invention is applicable to an electronic scanning radar equipped with an anti-jamming device.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an assembly of main and auxiliary antennas for an electronic scanning radar. Each auxiliary antenna uses all or part of the elementary radiation sources of the main antenna. The energy received by each of them is sampled by a coupler and then phase shifted by an angle phi i in an adjustable phase shift circuit. The respective outputs of the phase shift circuits are concentrated within a waveguide. The auxiliary antennas are of the same type as the main antenna. The invention is applicable to radars equipped with an anti-jamming device.

Description

La présente invention concerne une antenne à balayage électronique à accès multipies et un radar comportant une telle antenne.The present invention relates to a multi-access access electronic scanning antenna and a radar comprising such an antenna.

Une antenne à balayage électronique se compose, de façon connue, de sources élémentaires rayonnantes et pour chacune d'elles d'un circuit de déphasage dont l'angle de phase peut être ajusté à l'aide d'un circuit de commande. La modification des angles de phases change la direction de pointage de l'antenne.An antenna with electronic scanning consists, in a known manner, of radiating elementary sources and for each of them of a phase shift circuit whose phase angle can be adjusted using a control circuit. Changing the phase angles changes the pointing direction of the antenna.

Lorsqu'un radar est équipé d'un dispositif d'anti-brouillage, on utilise en régie générale un nombre suffisant d'antennes auxiliaires pour que chacune d'elles soit pointée dans la direction d'un brouilleur. Dans ce cas, les signaux issus de ces antennes auxiliaires sont mélangés, après que leur amplitude et leur phase aient été convenablement adaptées, avec ceux issus de l'antenne principale afin d'amuler les signaux issus des différents brouilleurs. Cette solution impose l'utilisation d'un nombre important et prohibitif d'antennes auxiliaires égal au nombre de brouilleurs.When a radar is equipped with an anti-jamming device, a sufficient number of auxiliary antennas are generally used so that each of them is pointed in the direction of a jammer. In this case, the signals from these auxiliary antennas are mixed, after their amplitude and their phase have been suitably adapted, with those from the main antenna in order to emulate the signals from the different jammers. This solution requires the use of a large and prohibitive number of auxiliary antennas equal to the number of jammers.

Les systèmes d'antenne réseau à accès (ou voies) multiples integres dans la même antenne sont connus. Une telle antenne est décrite dans l'article de R. Reitzig ("Bedingungen an eine leitungsgespeiste Antenne zur Erzeugung mehrerer, voneinander unabhângigen Strahlen").Network antenna systems with multiple accesses (or channels) integrated into the same antenna are known. Such an antenna is described in the article by R. Reitzig ("Bedingungen an eine leitungsgespeiste Antenne zur Erzeugung mehrerer, voneinander unabhângigen Strahlen").

Dans cette antenne les déphaseurs de même rang correspondant à différents accès sont montés en parallèle sur la source élémentaire de même rang, au moyen d'un point de connexion ne permettant un fonctionnement correct que pour une fréquence unique.In this antenna the phase shifters of the same rank corresponding to different accesses are mounted in parallel on the elementary source of the same rank, by means of a connection point allowing correct operation only for a single frequency.

Une antenne à balayage électronique à accès multiples, suivant l'invention, comportant un nombre "n" de sources élémentaires lesdits accès formés chacun par un guide d'onde connecté à ces "n" sources par "n" déphaseurs variables, les déphaseurs de même rang "i" relatifs aux differents accès étant montés en parallèle sur la source élémentaire de même rang "i", est essentiellement caractérisée en ce que les points de connexion entre les déphaseurs et la source élémentaire de même rang "i" consistent en des coupleurs directifs individuellement chargés.A multiple access electronic scanning antenna according to the invention, comprising a number "n" of elementary sources, said accesses each formed by a waveguide connected to these "n" sources by "n" variable phase shifters, the phase shifters of same rank "i" relating to the different accesses being mounted in parallel on the elementary source of the same rank "i", is essentially characterized in that the connection points between the phase shifters and the elementary source of the same rank "i" consist of individually charged directional couplers.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront dans la description des figures ci-annexées qui représentent:

  • - Figure 1, la vue simplifiée d'un mode de réalisation non-limitatif d'une antenne à balayage électronique à accès multiples selon la présente invention;
  • - Figure 2, une variante du mode de réalisation de la figure 1;
  • - Figures 3a et 3b, la vue simplifiée d'un autre mode de réalisation d'un ensemble selon l'invention dans lequel l'antenne principale est du type lentille.
Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear in the description of the appended figures which represent:
  • - Figure 1, the simplified view of a non-limiting embodiment of a multiple access electronic scanning antenna according to the present invention;
  • - Figure 2, a variant of the embodiment of Figure 1;
  • - Figures 3a and 3b, the simplified view of another embodiment of an assembly according to the invention in which the main antenna is of the lens type.

Dans les modes de réalisation non-limitatifs représentés par les figures ci-annexées, les mêmes références désignent des éléments similaires ou remplissant les mêmes fonctions. On désignera en particulier les sources rayonnantes élémentaires par S1... Si...,Sn, ces sources pouvant être constituées par exemple par des réseaux comme dans la figure 2, ou des dipôles comme dans la figure 3. L'antenne à balayage électronique suivant l'invention étant équivalente à un ensemble d'antennes principale et auxiliaires, on utilisera également les expressions "antenne principale" et "antenne auxiliaire".In the nonlimiting embodiments represented by the appended figures, the same references designate elements which are similar or fulfill the same functions. The elementary radiating sources will be designated in particular by S1 ... Si ..., Sn, these sources possibly being constituted for example by arrays as in FIG. 2, or dipoles as in FIG. 3. The scanning antenna electronics according to the invention being equivalent to a set of main and auxiliary antennas, we will also use the expressions "main antenna" and "auxiliary antenna".

Pour simplifier les figures, il n'a été représenté qu'une antenne auxiliaire, puisque le faisceau auxiliaire est toujours formé selon les mêmes principes en prélevant à l'aide d'un coupleur une partie de l'énergie élémentaire reçue.To simplify the figures, only an auxiliary antenna has been shown, since the auxiliary beam is always formed according to the same principles by using part of the elementary energy received using a coupler.

La figure 1 représente un ensemble composé d'une antenne principale et d'une antenne auxiliaire selon l'invention.FIG. 1 represents an assembly composed of a main antenna and an auxiliary antenna according to the invention.

L'antenne principale représentée sur cette figure est une antenne à balayage électronique en site formée par n sources élémentaires S1...Si...Sn disposées sur la ligne focale 8 d'un réflecteur cylindrique 21 à directrice parabolique. A chacune des sources élémentaires Si sont associés un circuit 28 de déphasage ajustable Ci et un coupleur directif Ci chargé.The main antenna shown in this figure is an electronic scanning antenna on site formed by n elementary sources S1 ... Si ... Sn arranged on the focal line 8 of a cylindrical reflector 21 with parabolic director. Each of the elementary sources Si is associated with an adjustable phase shift circuit 28 Ci and a charged directional coupler Ci.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'antenne auxiliaire se compose également de n sources élémentaires.In this embodiment, the auxiliary antenna also consists of n elementary sources.

La source élémentaire d'ordre i de l'antenne auxiliaire comporte un circuit déphaseur 29 dont l'angle de phase (pi est ajustable et un coupleur directif C'i chargé. Le circuit déphaseur 29 d'ordre i est alimenté par une partie de l'énergie reçue par la source élémentaire de même ordre Si de l'antenne principale, cette énergie étant prélevée, avant déphasage dans le circuit 28, par un coupleur directif C"i chargé, disposé entre la source Si et le circuit 28 de déphasage Φi, d'ordre i correspondant.The elementary source of order i of the auxiliary antenna comprises a phase shifter circuit 29 whose phase angle (pi is adjustable and a directional coupler C'i loaded. The phase shifter circuit 29 of order i is supplied by a part of the energy received by the elementary source of the same order Si from the main antenna, this energy being taken, before phase shift in the circuit 28, by a charged directional coupler C "i, disposed between the source Si and the phase shift circuit 28 Φi, of corresponding order i.

A la réception, l'énergie du faisceau de l'antenne principale est collectée dans un guide d'onde 22 chargé auquel les ensembles élémentaires formés chacun par l'association d'un circuit déphaseur 28 et d'un coupleur directif Ci, sont raccordés par l'intermédiaire des coupleurs Ci.On reception, the energy of the beam from the main antenna is collected in a loaded waveguide 22 to which the elementary assemblies each formed by the association of a phase shifting circuit 28 and a directional coupler Ci, are connected through the couplers Ci.

De même l'énergie du faisceau de l'antenne auxiliaire est collectée dans un guide d'onde 23 chargé, auquel les ensembles élémentaires formés chacun par l'association d'un coupleur directif C"i, d'un circuit déphaseur 29 et d'un coupleur C'i sont raccordés par l'intermédiaire des coupleurs C'i. La charge des coupleurs directifs Ci, C'i, C"i et des guides d'onde 22, 23 est désignée respectivement par 30 et 40.Similarly, the energy of the beam of the auxiliary antenna is collected in a loaded waveguide 23, to which the elementary assemblies each formed by the association of a directional coupler C "i, of a phase shifting circuit 29 and d a coupler C'i are connected via couplers C'i. The load of the directional couplers Ci, C'i, C "i and the waveguides 22, 23 is designated respectively by 30 and 40.

La figure 2 représente une variante du mode de réalisation de la figure 1.FIG. 2 represents a variant of the embodiment of FIG. 1.

L'antenne à balayage électronique de la figure 2 diffère du mode de réalisation de la figure 1 en ce que les sources élémentaires S1... Si... Sn sont constituées par un ensemble rayonnant assurant directement la focalisation en gisement.The electronic scanning antenna of FIG. 2 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 1 in that the elementary sources S1 ... Si ... Sn are constituted by a radiating assembly ensuring directly the focusing in bearing.

Dans l'exemple représenté par la figure 2, les éléments rayonnants sont constitues par p hélices hi1... hij...hip alimentées par un système du type espalier, par division guidée, porté par un réseau Pi. Il y a n réseaux P1...Pi...Pn disposés parallèlement.In the example represented by FIG. 2, the radiating elements are constituted by p helices h i1 ... h ij ... h ip supplied by a system of the espalier type, by guided division, carried by a network Pi. an networks P1 ... Pi ... Pn arranged in parallel.

Comme dans l'exemple de la figure 4, à chacune des poutres rayonnantes Pi sont associés un déphaseur 28 dont le déphasage Ci est ajustable et un coupleur directif Ci chargé en 30.As in the example in FIG. 4, each of the radiating beams Pi is associated with a phase shifter 28 whose phase shift Ci is adjustable and a directional coupler Ci loaded at 30.

Entre le circuit 28 de déphasage Φi et la source élémentaire Si, constituée par le réseau Pi portant les p éléments rayonnants hi1...hij...hip, un coupleur directif C"i chargé en 30 prélève une partie de l'énergie élémentaire reçue par l'antenne principale, cette énergie élémentaire prélevée étant ensuite appliquée à l'entrée d'un circuit de déphasage ajustable 29 où elle subit un déphasage (pi avant d'alimenter, comme dans la figure 1, un guide d'onde 23, chargé en 40, par l'intermédiaire d'un coupleur directif C'i chargé en 30.Between the phase shift circuit 28 Φi and the elementary source Si, constituted by the network Pi carrying the p radiating elements h i1 ... h ij ... h ip , a directional coupler C "i charged at 30 takes part of the elementary energy received by the main antenna, this elementary energy taken off is then applied to the input of an adjustable phase shift circuit 29 where it undergoes a phase shift (pi before supplying, as in FIG. 1, a guide d wave 23, loaded at 40, via a directional coupler C'i loaded at 30.

De la même façon, l'énergie du faisceau de l'antenne principale est, à la réception, collectée dans un guide d'onde 22, chargé à l'extrémité 40, par l'intermédiaire des coupleurs Ci.Similarly, the energy of the beam of the main antenna is, on reception, collected in a waveguide 22, loaded at the end 40, via the couplers Ci.

La figure 3a représente un ensemble d'antennes du type lentille, avec ses deux faces avant 25 et arrière 26 et comprenant une antenne principale et une seule antenne auxiliaire.FIG. 3a represents a set of antennas of the lens type, with its two front 25 and rear 26 faces and comprising a main antenna and a single auxiliary antenna.

La face avant 25 porte les sources rayonnantes élémentaires Si, qui sont, dans le mode de réalisation représenté par la figure 3a, des dipôles de même polarisation mais qui pourraient être d'un autre type, des hélices par exemple, sans sortir du cadre de la presente invention.The front face 25 carries the elementary radiating sources Si, which are, in the embodiment represented by FIG. 3a, dipoles of the same polarization but which could be of another type, for example propellers, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Comme dans le cas des figures 1 et 2, l'antenne principale comporte pour chaque source rayonnante élémentaire Si, un circuit de déphasage ajustable 28 disposé entre la face avant 25 et la face arrière 26, et alimentant un dipôle d'i disposé sur la face arrière 26 de l'antenne. Les n dipôles d'i ont une polarisation identique.As in the case of FIGS. 1 and 2, the main antenna comprises for each elementary radiating source Si, an adjustable phase shift circuit 28 disposed between the front face 25 and the rear face 26, and supplying a dipole of i disposed on the rear face 26 of the antenna. The n dipoles of i have identical polarization.

Associé à chaque source élémentaire Si, un coupleur directif C"i, chargé en 30, prélève une partie de l'énergie reçue par la source Si et alimente, par l'intermédiaire d'un circuit 29 de déphasage ajustable <pi, un dipôle d'i, disposé également sur la face arrière 26. Les n dipôles d"i ont une polarisation identique, croisée avec celle des dipôles d'i.Associated with each elementary source Si, a directional coupler C "i, charged at 30, takes a part of the energy received by the source Si and feeds, via an adjustable phase shift circuit 29 <pi, a dipole of i, also arranged on the rear face 26. The n dipoles of i have an identical polarization, crossed with that of the dipoles of i.

Les dipôles d'i et les dipôles d"i tapissant la face arrière 26 rayonnent l'énergie reçue sur un collecteur primaire dont un mode de réalisation est représenté sur la figure 3b.The dipoles of i and the dipoles of i lining the rear face 26 radiate the energy received on a primary collector, one embodiment of which is shown in FIG. 3b.

Celui-ci peut être constitué soit comme illustré dans la figure 3b par un cornet 24, commun à l'antenne principale et à l'antenne auxiliaire et présentant deux sorties rayonnant dans des polarisations croisées, soit par deux cornets, pour l'antenne principale et l'antenne auxiliaire respectivement, la source primaire de l'antenne principale étant placée sur l'axe focal de la structure et celle de l'antenne auxiliaire étant défocalisée par rapport à la première. Les sorties respectives de ces deux sources primaires rayonnent en polarisation croisée. Ce dernier mode de réalisation n'a pas été représenté.This can be constituted either as illustrated in FIG. 3b by a horn 24, common to the main antenna and to the auxiliary antenna and having two outputs radiating in crossed polarizations, or by two horns, for the main antenna and the auxiliary antenna respectively, the primary source of the main antenna being placed on the focal axis of the structure and that of the auxiliary antenna being defocused relative to the first. The respective outputs of these two primary sources radiate in cross polarization. This latter embodiment has not been shown.

Le fonctionnement d'un ensemble composé d'une antenne principale et d'une antenne auxiliaire selon l'invéntion utilisé en association avec un dispositif d'anti-brouillage est le suivant:The operation of an assembly composed of a main antenna and an auxiliary antenna according to the invention used in association with an anti-jamming device is as follows:

Pour chaque direction de pointage de l'antenne principale, cette direction étant déterminée par les déphasages Φi appliqués par les circuits 28, l'antenne auxiliaire peut être pointée dans la direction dun brouilleur. Un circuit de calcul détermine alors les circuits déphaseurs 28 dont la phase Φi doit être modifiée afin de minimiser le gain de l'antenne principale dans la direction dudil, brouilleur.For each pointing direction of the main antenna, this direction being determined by the phase shifts Φi applied by the circuits 28, the auxiliary antenna can be pointed in the direction of a jammer. A calculation circuit then determines the phase shift circuits 28 whose phase Φi must be modified in order to minimize the gain of the main antenna in the direction of the dudil, jammer.

L'angle de phase ϕi des circuits 29 est alors modifié de façon à pointer l'antenne auxilaire vers le brouilleur suivant. L'opération précédente est alors répétée et ainsi de suite pour tous les brouilleurs, ceci pour chaque direction de pointage de l'antenne principale.The phase angle ϕi of the circuits 29 is then modified so as to point the auxiliary antenna towards the next jammer. The previous operation is then repeated and so on for all the jammers, this for each pointing direction of the main antenna.

On a ainsi réalisé un ensemble d'antennes principale et auxiliaire à balayage électronique dans lequel l'antenne auxiliaire utilise un partie ou la totalité des sources rayonnantes élémentaires de l'antenne principale.There has thus been produced a set of main and auxiliary antennas with electronic scanning in which the auxiliary antenna uses part or all of the elementary radiating sources of the main antenna.

La présente invention est applicable à un radar à balayage électronique équipé d'un dispositif d'anti-brouillage.The present invention is applicable to an electronic scanning radar equipped with an anti-jamming device.

Claims (9)

1. Electronic scanning antenna having multiple terminals, comprising a number "n" of elementary sources (S;), said terminals being each formed by a wave guide (22, 23) connected to these "n" sources by "n" variable phase shifters (28, 29), the phase shifters of same order "i" (28, 29) belonging to the different terminals being mounted in parallel on the elementary source of same order "i" (S;), characterized in that the connection points between the phase shifters (28, 29) and the elementary source (S;) of same order "i" consist in individually loaded directive couplers (C"i).
2. A set of electronic scanning radar antennas according to claim 1, characterized in that the elementary energies phase-shifted by Φi for the main antenna and by Φi for the auxiliary antennas, respectively, are concentrated in a loaded wave guide (22), respectively (23), through loaded couplers Ci, C'i, respectively.
3. Antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that the elementary radiating sources Si are aligned on the focal axis of a cylindrical-parabolic reflector to form an antenna with electronic elevation scanning, the connecting wave guides (22, 23) being parallel to this focal axis.
4. Antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that the elementary radiating sources are linear parallel arrays ensuring the focalisation and the elevational deflection, each carrying a set of p radiating elements directly ensuring the azimuthal focalisation.
5. Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, the antenna comprising only one auxiliary path and the main path being of lens type having a front face (25) carrying the elementary radiating sources (Si) and a rear face (26) wherebetween the adjustable phase shifting circuits of the main and auxiliary paths are located, two crossed sets of dipoles d'i and di carried by the rear face (26) are respectively fed by the received elementary energies, respectively phase shifted by Φi and, on the output of the couplers (C"i), by Φi and radiating in two crossed polarizations to the primary collector feeding the respective wave guide of the main and auxiliary paths.
6. Antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that the primary collector of the main path is located on the focal axis of the antenna and the primary collector of the auxiliary path is defocalized with respect to the first primary source.
7. Antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that the primary collector located on the focal axis of the antenna is common to the main and auxiliary paths and has two outputs with crossed polarizations.
8. Antenna according to any of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the primary collector or collectors are horns.
9. Radar equipped with an electronic scanning antenna with multiple terminals according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that this antenna is used in association with an antijamming device.
EP82401461A 1981-08-07 1982-08-03 Electronic scanning antenna with multiple ports and radar using such antenna Expired EP0072316B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82401461T ATE29934T1 (en) 1981-08-07 1982-08-03 ANTENNA WITH ELECTRONIC PIVOT AND MULTIPLE INPUTS AND RADAR WITH SUCH ANTENNA.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8115362 1981-08-07
FR8115362A FR2511196A1 (en) 1981-08-07 1981-08-07 MAIN AND AUXILIARY ANTENNA ASSEMBLY WITH ELECTRONIC SCAN AND RADAR COMPRISING SUCH AN ASSEMBLY

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0072316A1 EP0072316A1 (en) 1983-02-16
EP0072316B1 true EP0072316B1 (en) 1987-09-23

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EP82401461A Expired EP0072316B1 (en) 1981-08-07 1982-08-03 Electronic scanning antenna with multiple ports and radar using such antenna

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US (1) US4544925A (en)
EP (1) EP0072316B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5838005A (en)
KR (1) KR840001394A (en)
AT (1) ATE29934T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3277394D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2511196A1 (en)

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JPS6155278U (en) * 1984-09-17 1986-04-14
JP2924376B2 (en) * 1991-11-29 1999-07-26 日本電気株式会社 Antenna device
GB2517661B (en) * 1995-10-24 2016-03-30 Thomson Csf An anti-jamming antenna
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FR2812457B1 (en) 2000-07-28 2004-05-28 Thomson Csf ACTIVE BI-POLARIZATION MICROWAVE REFLECTOR, ESPECIALLY FOR AN ELECTRONICALLY BALANCED ANTENNA
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FR3119027B1 (en) * 2021-01-19 2022-12-30 Thales Sa Radar with active antenna with wide angular coverage

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE29934T1 (en) 1987-10-15
EP0072316A1 (en) 1983-02-16
JPS5838005A (en) 1983-03-05
KR840001394A (en) 1984-04-30
FR2511196A1 (en) 1983-02-11
FR2511196B1 (en) 1983-12-02
US4544925A (en) 1985-10-01
DE3277394D1 (en) 1987-10-29

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