Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
  • B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
  • B01D53/1475—Removing carbon dioxide
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
  • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
  • C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
  • F17C1/14—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of aluminium; constructed of non-magnetic steel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
  • F25J1/0027—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
  • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
  • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
  • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
  • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
  • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
  • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
  • F25J1/0254—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation controlling particular process parameter, e.g. pressure, temperature
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
  • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
  • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
  • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
  • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
  • F25J1/0278—Unit being stationary, e.g. on floating barge or fixed platform
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
  • B01D2256/22—Carbon dioxide
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
  • F17C2201/01—Shape
  • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
  • F17C2201/05—Size
  • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
  • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
  • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
  • F17C2203/0636—Metals
  • F17C2203/0639—Steels
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
  • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
  • F17C2221/013—Carbone dioxide
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
  • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
  • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
  • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
  • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
  • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
  • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
  • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
  • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2270/00—Applications
  • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
  • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
  • F17C2270/0105—Ships
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2270/00—Applications
  • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
  • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
  • F17C2270/011—Barges
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2270/00—Applications
  • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
  • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
  • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
  • F17C2270/0171—Trucks
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
  • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
  • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
  • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
  • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for reducing the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and to an apparatus for carrying out the method.
• Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is mainly produced during the combustion of carbonaceous fuels.
• the resulting carbon dioxide escapes into the atmosphere and contributes to global warming. This environmental problem is described, for example, in German patent application DE 1 98 340 73 A1.
• the special feature of a shipment is that the CO 2 is generated continuously in the power plant, while ship transport can not be made only batchwise. This creates the need to create a buffer volume.
• Liquefied carbon dioxide can be filled in tanks, transported to a warehouse such as depleted oil or gas fields or salt caverns by means of transport such as ships or vehicles, and brought into storage after reaching the warehouse.
• the bearing pressure can be up to 18 bar absolute, since the gas can be liquefied solely by such an increase in pressure. This applies at ambient temperatures up to 45 ° C. 45 ° C is usually the upper design temperature adopted for globally moving gas tankers. It is also known to lower the temperature of LPG to be transported to -42 0 C in order to be able to transport LPG in a large volume tank, which must be grown no particular printing needs. The bearing pressure of transported LPG can then be lowered to ambient pressure.
• Fine grain steels are subject to a so-called
• the aim of the present invention is to transport carbon dioxide, which is produced by a combustion process, economically and as completely as possible to a warehouse.
• the object of the invention is achieved by a method in which carbon dioxide, which has formed as a result of a combustion process, is separated from the gas.
• the carbon dioxide is then brought to a pressure of at least 10 bar absolute, preferably at least 15 bar absolute, most preferably from at least 1 8 bar absolute and cooled to a temperature of up to -10 0 C, preferably from up to -20 0 C.
• the temperature of the liquefied carbon dioxide to -40 0 C. If the temperature of the liquefied carbon dioxide during transportation is in a tank more preferably between -25 ° C and - 35 ° C.
• the temperature required for liquefaction depends on the bearing pressure. According to the invention, however, the aim is not to have to choose low temperatures.
• the maximum wall thickness for a tank is approx. 50 mm.
• the proportion of nitrogen is not more than 0, 7% mol or the proportion of oxygen is not more than 0, 99% mol or the proportion of hydrogen is not more than 0, 1 4% mol in carbon dioxide, so may on the separation of Oxygen, nitrogen or hydrogen from the separated
• Carbon dioxide advantageously be completely dispensed with, if the CO2 temperature is about -30 0 C and the pressure is about 1 8 bar absolute. If there are several different noxious gases in the CO 2 , which disadvantageously require a pressure increase or a temperature reduction in order to liquefy CO 2 , different upper limits apply depending on the composition.
• carbon dioxide is cooled to -30 ° C and the pressure chosen so that a separation of noxious gases from the separated carbon dioxide can be avoided.
• Sch ⁇ dg ⁇ se and in particular nitrogen oxygen and hydrogen are removed from the separated CO 2 , so as to be able to save energy for liquefaction.
• CO 2 is generally saturated with water vapor. In one embodiment of the invention, carbon dioxide is therefore dried before
• the invention particularly relates to the case where carbon dioxide is separated from the flue gas of a power plant. Combustion processes in power plants contribute significantly to the environmental impact of carbon dioxide. Therefore, the invention is particularly useful in such a case.
• the invention also relates to a Bärge, the C. with a plant for the liquefaction of carbon dioxide and / or a sufficiently pressure-resistant tank for storage of liquid carbon dioxide at a temperature of -20 0 C to -40 0 is preferably at a temperature of ca. -30 0 C is provided.
• the tank is sufficiently pressure-resistant when it is able to cope with the pressure required to liquefy CO 2 .
• the tank volume of a Bärge tank is in particular at least 2000 cubic meters, preferably at least 3000 cubic meters, in order to be able to store large quantities of CO 2 without having to spend too much on the provision of tanks.
• a Borge is particularly advantageous
• liquid CO 2 is brought from a tank of a Bärge into a tank of a smaller volume vessel. The ship then transports the liquid CO 2 to a suitable warehouse.
• the buffer storage is transferred from one power plant to another power plants in an embodiment of the invention, in order to use this buffer storage can continue.
• the provision of a bear is superior to a land plant.
• a bearskin is anchored outside a commercial port to overcome access water depth limitations for the shuttle ships.
• the volume of a tank with which liquefied CO2 is transported to the warehouse also preferably at least 2000 cubic meters, more preferably at least 3000 cubic meters.
• the largest single pressure tanks with a design pressure of 18 bar g to 20 barg, which can be usefully built for the storage of CO 2 at 1 8 bar a and -30 ° C according to the current state of the art, are in the order of 5000 - 6500 m 3 . From this, a corresponding buffer volume or transport volume can then be built up on a ship by combining any number of tanks.
• a tank In order for a tank to meet the requirements in terms of temperature and pressure, it consists in particular of high-strength special steels such as, for example, according to EN 1 0028 -6 with a yield strength> 500 MPa to 900 MPa. Such a material is known under the material number P690QL2 or 1 .8888.
• Tanks with a volume of 2000 cubic meters and more are transported by ship.
• other vehicles such as trains or trucks can also be used to transport tanks to transport liquid carbon dioxide from a location where a corresponding combustion process takes place to a warehouse. Then, however, a tank volume is smaller. It can then be carried out tanks easier particularly pressure resistant.
• the present invention therefore relates primarily to the cases that carbon dioxide is brought in large quantities by ships to a suitable warehouse. However, a ship is then usually not just one, but provided with a variety of tanks (tank farm). The total volume is regularly at least 5000 m 3 .
• a method for reducing the emission of carbon dioxide is brought to a pressure of at least 10 bar absolute, preferably of at least 15 bar absolute, more preferably of at least 18 bar absolute, the separated carbon dioxide to a temperature of up to -10 0 C, preferably up to -20 0 C, more preferably brought to a temperature of up to -40 0 C, the separated carbon dioxide is brought so liquefied in a tank and the tank is transported to a warehouse for carbon dioxide.
• Tank of a means of transport with liquid carbon dioxide contained therein with a tank volume of at least 2,000 m 3 , wherein in the tank a pressure of at least 10 bar g, preferably of at least 15 bar g, most preferably of at least 18 bar g prevails and the temperature of Carbon dioxide -30 0 C to -20 0 C.
• a pressure of at least 10 bar g, preferably of at least 15 bar g, most preferably of at least 18 bar g prevails and the temperature of Carbon dioxide -30 0 C to -20 0 C.
• tank for a means of transport with liquid carbon dioxide contained therein which was prepared by a method of embodiments 1 to 14.
• Tank in one of the two previous embodiments which consists of P690QL2.
• tank farm having a plurality of tanks with liquid carbon dioxide contained therein, in particular according to one of the two preceding embodiments, wherein in each tank a pressure of at least 10 bar g, preferably of at least 15 bar g, most preferably of at least 18 bar g prevails and the temperature of the carbon dioxide is -30 0 C to -20 0 C, wherein the total volume of the tanks is at least 5,000 m 3 , preferably 10,000 m 3 .
• the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an example.
• a typical post-combustion capture process the entire flue gas of a power plant is subjected to an additional washing process (amine absorption process) after the usual treatment steps (dedusting, desulfurization, denitrification). Since the CO 2 is preferably absorbed in the amine solution, it can be withdrawn via an enriched solution at the bottom of the wash columns. In the amine regeneration, the CO 2 is then expelled by heat from the amine solution and falls as water-saturated ROh-CO 2 at atmospheric pressure. In a multi-stage compression, it is brought to the desired liquefaction pressure, which can be between 1 2 and 40 bar absolute.
• CO 2 was transported absolutely at a pressure of 18 bar and the liquefaction pressure expediently chosen to be somewhat higher (about 19 bar absolute). At higher compaction pressures is a multi-level Compaction required, which takes place expediently with an intermediate cooling and separation of the resulting water condensate. Then we dried the gas. This is done first in a refrigeration dryer to a pressure dew point of about 4 0 C and then in an adsorption dryer. The dry CO 2 is then liquefied, eg by using a
• Refrigerant condensing system Here are different refrigerants and processes possible.
• the refrigerant R410 was used. It evaporates at low pressure and a temperature of about -3O 0 C, thereby generating the cold, against which the CO 2 condenses. Then the refrigerant is compressed and condensed at approx. 30 ° C against cooling water.
• other methods eg condensation against air, etc.
• the advantage of the inventive selection which is mainly intended for northern Europe, is the low energy consumption and the ability to use in refrigeration conventional components.
• the compression of the gas takes place at the power plant in order to make economic transport possible.
• the drying is carried out expediently at the power plant, otherwise obtained during transport condensate.
• a buffer volume is provided if a further removal is to take place batchwise. If such a buffer volume or buffer storage provided directly at the power plant site, so the compaction can be carried out useful in a multi-stage process. If the power plant and the bearings are separated from each other, then a re-compaction (to compensate for transport losses) is advantageously carried out on the condenser.
• Boil-off gas which necessarily occurs due to heat input into the buffer tanks, can be brought back to liquefaction pressure by means of a corresponding booster.
• a compressor is then saved in this embodiment (after-compressor in the device for liquefying CO 2 ). However, the liquefaction and intermediate treatment can very well (but not necessarily) be carried out locally separately.
• the liquefaction and the intermediate storage takes place on a Bärge, ie a ship without its own drive.
• a Bärge reduces the land requirement and can be built in the short term cost compared to a land plant. Basically, a Bärge as a modernization for power plants can be easier to implement than a corresponding land camp. If liquefaction and buffer storage or ship are spatially separated, the liquid transport is accomplished by suitable pumps.
• the transport ship either pumps the CO 2 to a fixed installation that will increase the pressure and heat it up to feed into the warehouse, or the ship is equipped with the appropriate components and feeds directly (eg via a temporary connection to a sub-pipeline) into a wellbore one that makes the connection to the warehouse. Since the bearings are under pressure and the equipment of the wells is not suitable for low temperature, an increase in pressure and a warming is needed.
• the bearing pressure was 1 8 bar absolute.
• the condensing pressure was slightly higher.
• the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide was about -35 0 C.
• the tanks were cylindrical tanks made of P690QL2 with a design pressure of 1 9 bar g with a volume of 3000 cubic meters.

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• 2009
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