EP2441893B1 - Stützvorrichtung einer Windkraftanlage zur Stromerzeugung im Meer, und entsprechende Stromerzeugungsanlage im Meer - Google Patents

Stützvorrichtung einer Windkraftanlage zur Stromerzeugung im Meer, und entsprechende Stromerzeugungsanlage im Meer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2441893B1
EP2441893B1 EP11306345.7A EP11306345A EP2441893B1 EP 2441893 B1 EP2441893 B1 EP 2441893B1 EP 11306345 A EP11306345 A EP 11306345A EP 2441893 B1 EP2441893 B1 EP 2441893B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
column
wind turbine
sea
footing
electric power
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11306345.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2441893A1 (de
Inventor
Peter Broughton
Richard Davies
Peter Martin
Michel Hamon
Nicolas Parsloe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BROUGHTON, PETER
Davies Richard
DORIS ENGINEERING
MARINE ENGINEERING ENERGY SOLUTIONS Ltd
Original Assignee
DORIS ENGINEERING
Marine Engineering Energy Solutions Ltd
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Publication of EP2441893A1 publication Critical patent/EP2441893A1/de
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Publication of EP2441893B1 publication Critical patent/EP2441893B1/de
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E02B17/027—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto steel structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • E02D27/425—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys specially adapted for wind motors masts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/0065—Monopile structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0091—Offshore structures for wind turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for supporting a wind turbine for producing electrical energy at sea, of the type comprising a base resting on the seabed and a support column of said wind turbine connected to said base.
  • These structures are suitable for the support of wind turbines in shallow waters, that is for water depths of less than about 40 m.
  • the size of these structures increases significantly with water depth, as well as their manufacturing, transportation and installation costs. Indeed, these structures must be sufficiently massive and robust to withstand the forces generated by the current, the swell and the wind.
  • a device according to the preamble of claim 1 is known by WO 03/098038 A .
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a device for supporting a wind turbine at sea and an installation for producing electrical energy at sea having a reduced cost and good resistance to the forces generated by the current, the swell and the wind.
  • the subject of the invention is a device of the aforementioned type, characterized in that said column and said base are linked by a swiveling connection, allowing tilting movements of said column relative to said base in all directions. relative to a vertical axis.
  • tilt connection means any connection allowing the column to tilt in all directions relative to the vertical.
  • the subject of the invention is also an installation for producing electrical energy at sea, characterized in that it comprises a wind turbine and a support device for this wind turbine according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 We have shown on the figure 1 an installation 1 for producing electrical energy at sea or off-shore, installed on a horizontal seabed F at a depth P of the surface S of the water E.
  • the installation 1 comprises a device 3 for supporting a wind turbine, resting on the seabed F, and a wind turbine 5, attached to an upper end of the support device 3.
  • the support device 3 comprises a base 7, resting on the seabed F, a support column 9, and a swivel joint 11 connecting the base 7 and the column 9.
  • the base 7 rests on the seabed F. It is fixed to the swivel joint 11.
  • the base 7 can be weighted.
  • the base 7 also includes buoyancy chambers 20, positioned and dimensioned so as to ensure the floatation and stability of the support structure 3 during its towing to the final operating site of the next power generation installation. the invention.
  • the buoyancy chambers 20 also ensure the stability of the device 3 during its descent to the seabed F.
  • the base 7 is for example made of prestressed reinforced concrete or metal, or as a steel-concrete composite structure comprising two concentric steel envelopes between which is poured concrete.
  • the column 9 is of substantially cylindrical shape, and is closed at its two lower ends 21 and upper 23.
  • Column 9 comprises, at its lower end 21, a solid ballast, for example of concrete, or liquid.
  • Column 9 comprises at its upper part a number of internal and sealed internal compartments 27, as shown in FIG. figure 2 . These compartments 27 are not completely submerged, so that in case of collision between a ship and the installation 1 causing a breach and invasion of these compartments, the column is not completely filled with water.
  • Column 9 further comprises at its upper end or apex 23 an access platform 29 annular, allowing personnel to access the wind turbine 5.
  • the height h of the column 9 is such that its top 23 is positioned above the surface S of the water, so that the access platform 29 remains out of reach of the highest waves, whatever the inclination of the column 9 with respect to a vertical axis A in a situation of maximum storm.
  • Column 9 is for example made of prestressed reinforced concrete or metal, or as a steel-concrete composite structure comprising two concentric steel envelopes between which is poured concrete. Alternatively, a portion of the column may be a wire mesh structure.
  • the lower end 21 of the column 9 is connected to the base 7 via the swivel joint 11, and the base of the wind turbine 5 is fixed to the top 23 of the column 9.
  • the swivel joint 11 connects the column 9 to the base 7, while allowing tilting movements of the column 9 relative to the base 7, so with respect to the seabed F, in all directions with respect to the vertical axis A.
  • the swivel joint 11 is for example a joint of the universal joint type, comprising a first yoke 30 fixed on the upper surface of the base 7, a second yoke 31 fixed to the lower end of the column 9, these two yokes being connected to each other by a spider 32 so that their respective planes are perpendicular when the axis of the column 9 is vertical.
  • the wind turbine 5 which is entirely above the surface S of the water E, comprises a mast 33 and a device 35 for producing electrical energy from wind energy.
  • the mast 33 is of substantially frustoconical shape converging upwards. Its lower end 37 is fixed to the top 23 of the column 9, and its vertical axis is aligned with the vertical axis of the column 9.
  • the device 35 for producing electrical energy comprises an electric generator 39 whose rotor is rotated by blades 41 set in motion by the wind, in a known manner.
  • the blades 41 are sized according to the electrical power required.
  • the mast 33 is dimensioned in length so that the blades 41 can rotate above the access platform 29, at a minimum distance of the order of several meters above this platform 29.
  • the installation 1 In calm weather, that is to say in the absence of wind, sea current and swell, the installation 1 is subjected to very weak external forces. Under these conditions, the vertical axis of the column 9 is substantially aligned with the vertical axis A, that is to say perpendicular to the seabed F.
  • the installation 1 In the presence of wind, of marine current and / or of waves, the installation 1 is subjected to forces tending to incline the column 9 with respect to the vertical axis A.
  • the swiveling connection between the base 7 and the column 9 then allows it to tilt relative to the vertical axis A, in the direction of the resultant forces exerted on the installation 1, the base remaining fixed relative to the seabed F.
  • the column 9 is then subjected to restoring forces, which tend to oppose its inclination, and which are due to the buoyancy of the column 9 and a hydrostatic booster.
  • the buoyancy of the column 9 is increased by the air contained in its compartments 27 and in the rest of the column, and the buoyancy force exerted on the column 9 is even higher than this column is more inclined, so submerged.
  • the hydrostatic restoring force exerted on the column 9, as a function of the displacement of this column, its mass, its inertia at the passage of the surface S and the relative position of the center of buoyancy of this column and its center mass, is also higher as the column 9 is more inclined.
  • the column 9 Under the effect of the forces exerted by the wind, the current and the waves and restoring forces, the column 9 has oscillation movements around an equilibrium position.
  • the support device 3 and the wind turbine 5 are built independently.
  • the base 7 and the column 9 are thus constructed and assembled via the swivel joint 11, for example at the dock or in dry dock. Solid or liquid ballast may be introduced into column 9 during this construction.
  • the support device 3 is floated, its flotation being ensured by the air volumes contained in the compartments 27 and in the rest of the column 9, as well as by the caissons 20 of flotation of the base 7.
  • the support device 3 is loaded 77 horizontally on a submersible transport vessel 78, and then transported to the final site of operation of the installation.
  • the draft t of the ship 78 of transport is increased, by ballasting with water, so as to immerse at least partially the support device 3, and the device 3 is gradually rectified in vertical position, by ballasting.
  • the ballasting then continues until the base 7 is placed on the seabed F.
  • the position of the support device 3 at the end of this step is shown in FIG. figure 6 .
  • the wind turbine 5 is fixed to the support device 3.
  • Self-raising platforms generally used for offshore construction, are not suitable for depths greater than 50 m.
  • the fixing step is therefore performed by means of a ship 88 provided with a crane 90, also called floating crane.
  • the floating crane 88 is moored to the column 9, this mooring being made possible by the fact that the column 9 is able to tilt in all directions with respect to the vertical axis A, so to follow the movements of the floating crane 88 induced by the current or the swell. This mooring thus makes it possible to minimize the relative movements between the column 9 and the floating crane 88.
  • the wind turbine 5 is then put in place by the crane 90 at the top 23 of the column 9, then fixed at the top 23 of this column 9.
  • the floating crane 88 is then detached from the column 9, as shown in FIG. figure 7 .
  • the structure of the installation 1 for the production of electrical energy at sea, and in particular of the support device 3, ensures a great resistance of this structure to external conditions, while facilitating its construction and its implementation.
  • the swivel connection between the column 9 and the base 7 of the support device 3 makes it possible not only to improve the robustness of the installation in the face of the swell, the current and the wind, but also to facilitate the installation. of this installation.
  • this rotulante connection allows the column 9 to tilt relative to the vertical axis A, so that the forces and moments induced on the column 9 and the wind turbine 5 by the wind, the swell and the current are significantly reduced compared to the case of a fixed support.
  • This inclination remains controlled, however, because of the restoring forces exerted on the column 9 when it is inclined.
  • the independence of the compartments 27 of the column 9 makes it possible to guard against complete invasion of the column 9 in the event of rupture of the wall of this column, for example following an impact with a ship.
  • the installation of the figure 8 differs from the installation 1 described with reference to the figure 1 in that it comprises wetting lines 92, connecting the column 9 to the seabed.
  • Each of these wetting lines 92 is anchored at one of its ends to the seabed F, and fixed at its second so-called free end to the column 9, in the vicinity of the surface S of the water.
  • each line 92 of wetting to the seabed is carried out as follows.
  • Line 92 is attached at its lower end to a block 100 of ballast, placed on the seabed.
  • each block 100 of ballast is attached to a first end of an anchor chain 98, whose second end is fixed to a pile 96 driven into the seabed, so that the line 92 of dampening and the chain 98 anchor are substantially in the same vertical plane.
  • the wetting lines 92 are for example three in number and arranged at an angle of 120 ° to one another.
  • lines 92 can also be doubled, each block 100 then being fixed to two lines 92.
  • the lines 92 are for example made of steel.
  • the process of construction and installation of the installation represented on the figure 8 comprises the same steps as the method described with reference to Figures 4 to 7 but also comprises a step of anchoring the column 9 to the seabed F.
  • each line 92 of anchoring is fixed at one of its ends to a block 100 of concrete.
  • Each block of concrete is then put into the water, and then anchored to the seabed F via a pile 96 and an anchor chain 98.
  • each wetting line 92 is then adjusted, then each line 92 is fixed to the column 9 by locking means.
  • the column 9 does not necessarily have a cylindrical shape, but may have a conical or polygonal shape.
  • the column can be made from several segments 102, 104, 106 of different lengths and sections, fixed one above the other. Such a structure makes it possible to improve the hydrodynamic behavior of the column 9 and to minimize its oscillations. For example, widening the section of the column near the surface of the water increases the hydrostatic restoring force exerted on this column.
  • the installation comprises buoyancy chambers 108, attached to and surrounding the column 9 near the surface S of the water E, at an adjustable height.
  • These caissons 108 make it possible to optimize the hydrodynamic behavior of the installation 1 independently of the diameter of the column 9, thus to minimize this diameter, while simplifying the construction of the support device 3.
  • the buoyancy of the installation 1 is for example adjusted by changing the position of the caissons 108 relative to the surface of the water or by changing their size.
  • These boxes 108 can also replace the compartments 27 of the column 9.
  • the swivel connection between the column and the base does not necessarily include a universal joint, but can be achieved by any means providing a swivel connection between the column and the base, that is to say allowing movements tilting of the column relative to the base, in all directions relative to its vertical axis.
  • the base is fixed to the seabed F, for example by means of a suction anchor or beaten piles.
  • the vertical axis of the mast 33 may be eccentric from the vertical axis of the column.
  • the support device is transported to the site of use by towing.
  • the support device is thus rectified in vertical or oblique position before transport to the operating site, and then transported by a tug in this position.
  • the wind turbine is fixed to the support device before transport to the operating site, which avoids the use of floating cranes on the operating site.
  • the column may advantageously have at its apex a substantially cylindrical central recess adapted to receive the lower end of the mast of the wind turbine. The mast of the wind turbine is then inserted in the column in a protected site, then raised by cylinders after the establishment of the assembly on the site of exploitation, which makes it possible to increase the stability of the whole during transportation to the operating site.
  • the invention can be used with any type of wind turbine.
  • a wind turbine which lowers the center of wind pressure such as a vertical axis wind turbine and / or a wind turbine which lowers the center of gravity of the installation, such as a wind turbine whose generator is disposed on the platform 29 or in the vicinity thereof.
  • the axis X-X of rotation of the blades 41 may advantageously be preset at an angle inclined relative to the horizontal, when the column 9 is vertical. This presetting makes it possible to limit the deviation of the axis of rotation of the blades 41 from its optimum operating angle when the column 9 inclines with respect to the vertical.
  • the angle formed by the axis of rotation of the blades 41 and the column 9 may also be adjustable, depending on the inclination of the column 9, so that the axis of rotation of the blades 41 has a substantially horizontal direction regardless of the inclination of the column 9.

Claims (12)

  1. Vorrichtung (3) zum Halten eines Windrads (5) zur Produktion von elektrischer Energie im Meer, des Typs aufweisend einen Sockel (7), der auf dem Meeresboden (F) ruht, und eine Säule (9) zum Halten des besagten Windrads (5), die mit dem Sockel (7) verbunden ist, wobei die besagte Säule (9) und der besagte Sockel (7) über eine Verbindung miteinander verbunden sind, welche Neigungsbewegungen (9) der besagten Säule (9) bezüglich des besagten Sockels (7) in alle Richtungen bezüglich einer vertikalen Achse (A) erlaubt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Rotationsgelenk (11) die besagte Säule (9) mit dem besagten Sockel (7) verbindet.
  2. Vorrichtung (3) gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das besagte Rotationsgelenk ein Universalgelenk (11), insbesondere ein Kardangelenk ist.
  3. Vorrichtung (3) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ferner mit einem Ballast (100) versehene Festmachtrossen (92) aufweist, die die besagte Säule (9) mit dem Meeresboden (F) verbinden.
  4. Vorrichtung (3) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagte Säule (9) in ihrem oberen Abschnitt wenigstens einen dichten internen Raum (27) aufweist.
  5. Vorrichtung (3) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagte Säule (9) in ihrem oberen Abschnitt wenigstens zwei unabhängige dichte interne Räume (27) aufweist.
  6. Vorrichtung (3) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein interner Raum (27) teilweise auftaucht, wenn die Achse der Säule (9) im Wesentlichen zu der Vertikalachse (A) ausgerichtet ist.
  7. Vorrichtung (3) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagte Säule (9) in ihrem oberen Abschnitt proximal zur Oberfläche (S) des Wassers (E) einen Querschnitt hat, der größer ist als in ihrem unteren Abschnitt.
  8. Vorrichtung (3) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, sie wenigstens eine Schwimmkammer (108) aufweist, die an der besagten Säule (9) befestigt ist.
  9. Vorrichtung (3) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sockel (7) mit wenigstens einer Schwimmkammer (20) ausgestattet ist, die mit Ballast versehen werden kann.
  10. Vorrichtung gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagte Säule (9) eine Metallgitterstruktur hat.
  11. Vorrichtung gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagte Säule (9) an ihrer Spitze eine Aussparung aufweist, die in der Lage ist, ein unteres Ende des besagten Windrads (5) aufzunehmen, und die eine Verschiebebewegung des besagten Windrads (5) bezüglich der besagten Säule (9) erlaubt.
  12. Anlage (1) zur Produktion von elektrischer Energie im Meer, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ein Windrad (5) und eine Vorrichtung (3) zum Halten dieses Windrads (5) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 aufweist.
EP11306345.7A 2010-10-18 2011-10-18 Stützvorrichtung einer Windkraftanlage zur Stromerzeugung im Meer, und entsprechende Stromerzeugungsanlage im Meer Active EP2441893B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1058458A FR2966175B1 (fr) 2010-10-18 2010-10-18 Dispositif de support d'une eolienne de production d'energie electrique en mer, installation de production d'energie electrique en mer correspondante.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2441893A1 EP2441893A1 (de) 2012-04-18
EP2441893B1 true EP2441893B1 (de) 2014-04-23

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EP11306345.7A Active EP2441893B1 (de) 2010-10-18 2011-10-18 Stützvorrichtung einer Windkraftanlage zur Stromerzeugung im Meer, und entsprechende Stromerzeugungsanlage im Meer

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US (1) US8864419B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2441893B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2471071T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2966175B1 (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2966175B1 (fr) 2012-12-21
ES2471071T3 (es) 2014-06-25
US8864419B2 (en) 2014-10-21
EP2441893A1 (de) 2012-04-18
US20120093589A1 (en) 2012-04-19
FR2966175A1 (fr) 2012-04-20

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