EP2435293B1 - Structure de transport, d'installation et de demantelement d'un pont d'une plate-forme et procedes de transport, d'installation et de demantelement de ce pont - Google Patents

Structure de transport, d'installation et de demantelement d'un pont d'une plate-forme et procedes de transport, d'installation et de demantelement de ce pont Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2435293B1
EP2435293B1 EP10728810.2A EP10728810A EP2435293B1 EP 2435293 B1 EP2435293 B1 EP 2435293B1 EP 10728810 A EP10728810 A EP 10728810A EP 2435293 B1 EP2435293 B1 EP 2435293B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
deck
barges
shuttles
barge
column
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10728810.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2435293A1 (fr
Inventor
Christian Perol
Marc CAHAY
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technip Energies France SAS
Original Assignee
Technip France SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technip France SAS filed Critical Technip France SAS
Publication of EP2435293A1 publication Critical patent/EP2435293A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2435293B1 publication Critical patent/EP2435293B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/04—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction
    • E02B17/08—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering
    • E02B17/0818—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering with racks actuated by pinions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B75/00—Building or assembling floating offshore structures, e.g. semi-submersible platforms, SPAR platforms or wind turbine platforms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B77/00—Transporting or installing offshore structures on site using buoyancy forces, e.g. using semi-submersible barges, ballasting the structure or transporting of oil-and-gas platforms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0039—Methods for placing the offshore structure
    • E02B2017/0047—Methods for placing the offshore structure using a barge
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0052—Removal or dismantling of offshore structures from their offshore location
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a structure for transporting, installing and dismantling a bridge of an offshore operating platform.
  • the invention also relates to methods for transporting, installing and dismantling a bridge of a platform at sea using such a structure.
  • the bridge is mounted on a support structure consisting of at least one support column resting on the seabed or anchored thereto.
  • the first of these limitations is the capacity of the hoisting cranes that may require the bridge to be made up of several elements, which significantly increases the cost of manufacturing this bridge and the cost of installing and dismantling the bridge. of the platform.
  • the second limitation lies in the fact that this method requires a relatively large window of favorable time to be able to carry out the various operations of transfer at sea in good conditions.
  • a second method is to install the deck deck in a single block on the support structure by floating it above it.
  • the bridge is arranged on this structure by a ballast-deballasting system.
  • the deck of the platform is supported by a floating support consisting in particular of two barges.
  • the deck of the platform must be manufactured and assembled on the same manufacturing site and then transferred from the manufacturing site to a transfer barge by known means.
  • This transfer barge supporting the bridge is then towed to another site to transfer the bridge to two transport barges.
  • the transfer barge supporting the bridge is close to one of the transport barges which comprises fixed support means of the bridge.
  • the bridge of the platform comprises on its sides, complementary means of engagement with the fixed support means of the first transport barge.
  • These complementary engagement means are engaged on the fixed support means by moving the transfer barge to the first transport barge.
  • the second transport barge which also comprises similar fixed support means is moved towards the opposite side of the deck of the platform so as to engage the additional engagement means on the fixed support means of the second barge of transport.
  • the transfer barge is then ballasted to transfer the entire load of the bridge on the two transport barges.
  • the transfer barge is then evacuated and the two transport barges supporting the deck are towed to the operating site.
  • the bridge is then transferred to the support structure which, in the case of a floating structure is then deballasted to transfer the bridge to this support structure.
  • the two transport barges can then be reused for another transport.
  • one of the problems with this method of installation lies in the fact that the elements of the barges supporting the bridge hit the bridge under the effect of the swell causing these elements in a movement back and forth.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a structure for transporting a bridge of an offshore operating platform which avoids these drawbacks and which is designed to simplify and reduce the installation or dismantling time of this bridge. .
  • the subject of the invention is a structure for transporting, installing and dismantling a bridge of an offshore platform according to claim 1.
  • the transport structure according to the invention may comprise one or more of the features of claims 2 to 7.
  • the invention also relates to a method of transporting and installing a deck of an offshore platform according to claims 8 to 10.
  • the invention also relates to a method of dismantling and transporting a deck of an offshore platform according to claim 11.
  • This bridge 1 is, in the embodiment shown in the figures, formed by a lattice structure. According to a variant, this bridge 1 can be constituted by a solid structure.
  • the lattice structure of the bridge 1 consists of transverse and horizontal beams 2 and 3 parallel, respectively upper 2 and lower 3.
  • the lattice structure of the bridge 1 also comprises intermediate transverse beams 4 ( Fig. 1 ), extending parallel to the beams 2 and 3.
  • the upper transverse beams 2, lower 3 and intermediate beams 4 are interconnected by intermediate longitudinal beams 5 and lateral longitudinal beams 6 ( Fig. 2 ).
  • the upper transverse beams 2 and the intermediate and associated lateral longitudinal beams 6 form the upper part of the bridge 1 and the lower transverse beams 3 and the associated intermediate longitudinal and 6 lateral beams form the lower part of the bridge 1.
  • the intermediate beams 4 are connected together by intermediate longitudinal beams 5, not shown in the figures.
  • the beams 2, 5 and 6 of the upper part of the bridge 1 and the intermediate beams 4 and 5 as well as the beams 3, 5 and 6 of the lower part of this bridge 1 are interconnected by intermediate vertical beams 7 and by side-8 vertical beams, as shown on the Figs. 1 and 2 .
  • the intermediate vertical beams 7 each comprise, at its lower part, a frustoconical housing 7a intended to cooperate with a conical tip 11 of complementary shape formed at the upper part of at least one support column 10 of a platform of at sea ( Fig. 7 ).
  • the transverse beams 4 intermediate that is to say located between the two end transverse beams 2 comprise at each end a projecting portion 2a provided with a housing, preferably cylindrical.
  • This housing 2b may have a conical or frustoconical shape.
  • the lateral vertical beams 8 comprise below the lower transverse beam 3 a protruding portion 8a forming a lug 8b.
  • the various beams constituting the bridge 1 are assembled on an assembly platform, not shown, and this bridge 1 is transferred to a transfer barge 15 by appropriate means of known type, not shown.
  • the transfer barge 15 carrying the bridge 1, as shown on the Figs. 1 and 2 is moved and brought between two transport barges 20, constituting a transport structure, according to the invention.
  • a transport barge 20 will be described, the other transport barge 20 being identical.
  • the transport barge 20 comprises means 30 for supporting and lifting this bridge 1, independent, on the one hand, of said bridge 1 and, on the other hand, of said barges 20, these means 30 of support and lifting being able to be carried by these barges 20 to support said bridge between said barges 20.
  • the support and lifting means 30 are formed by substantially vertical columns 31 which, in the embodiment shown in the figures, are four in number for each barge 20.
  • Each column 31 comprises means 50 (FIG. Figs. 3 and 4 ) These means 50 allow an angular displacement of the corresponding column 31 on either side of the longitudinal axis of the barge 20.
  • each column 3 has a triangular section, these columns 30 may have a square or circular section.
  • Each column 31 is formed by three substantially parallel and vertical members 32 interconnected by a lattice of metal beams 33.
  • each of the columns 31 has, on its face disposed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the barge 20, a vertical plate 60 extending substantially over the entire height of the column 31.
  • the vertical plate 60 is provided on each of its side edges of a vertical groove 61.
  • the vertical plate 60 carries by means of a chord 62, a double rack 63.
  • the means 50 for temporary fixing of the column 31 on the barge 20 are formed by a half-axis 51 formed at the base of this column 31 and more particularly at the base of the double rack 63.
  • These means 50 also comprise a housing 52 of complementary shape to the half-axis 51 and formed on the barge 20.
  • the means 50 constitute a temporary support zone of each column 31 on the barge 20 by positioning the corresponding column relative to the barge.
  • the conjugate shape of the half-axis 51 and the housing 52 complementary allows an angular displacement of the corresponding column 31 on either side of the longitudinal axis of the barge 20.
  • the column 31 is associated with at least one set of legs 55 holding in a substantially vertical position of said column 31.
  • Each set of legs 55 is placed on one side of the column 31.
  • Each set of legs 55 comprises a substantially vertical beam 56 fixed on the barge 20 and having a protruding flange 57 intended to cooperate with a groove 61 of the vertical plate 60.
  • Each set of legs 55 also comprises an oblique beam 58 for holding the beam 56 corresponding to the barge 20, as shown to the Fig. 3 .
  • Each protruding flange 57 and the corresponding groove 61 provide clearance for the angular clearance of the column 20.
  • Each column 31 is associated with a shuttle 35 movable by mechanical means 40 driving along the corresponding column 31.
  • Each shuttle 35 is constituted by a body 36 ( Fig. 3 ) provided on each side with a lateral edge 37 cooperating with the plate 60 of the column 31 to guide the body 36 of the shuttle 35 as it moves along said vertical plate 60.
  • the body 36 of the shuttle 35 comprises a central vertical passage 38 of complementary shape to the chord 62 and to the double rack 63, as appears in FIG. Fig. 5 .
  • the mechanical means 40 driving each shuttle 35 on the corresponding column 31 comprise several sets 41 distributed on either side of the passage 38, according to the height thereof.
  • Each set 41 comprises a geared motor unit 42 driving a pinion 43 which meshes with a rack 34 of the double rack 63.
  • each rack is associated with two groups of three pinions 43 each rotated by a geared motor unit 42.
  • the mechanical means 40 may be constituted by any other system, such as a stepping drive system or a jack system.
  • Each shuttle 35 comprises temporary connection means with the bridge 1.
  • the temporary connection means are formed by complementary interlocking members carried by the shuttle 35 and the bridge 1.
  • These complementary engagement members are constituted by a housing 45 formed in a flange 46 provided at the base of the plate 36 of the corresponding shuttle 35. This housing 45 is intended to cooperate with a lug 8b of the bridge 1.
  • the temporary connection means also comprise a lug 47 provided at the upper part of the plate 36 of the corresponding shuttle 35 which is intended to cooperate with the housing 2b of the bridge 1.
  • the means of temporary connection between each shuttle 35 and the bridge 1 also comprise locking members, not shown and of known type, of the bridge 1 on each of the shuttles 35.
  • the lugs 47 and 8b can both be carried by the shuttle 35 and the housings 45 and 2b carried by the bridge 1.
  • the columns 31 are mounted on each of the barges 20.
  • the transhipment of the bridge 1 of the transfer barge 15 on the transport barges 20 is carried out as follows.
  • the transfer barge 20 comprising the bridge 1 is placed between the two transport barges 20 and these transport barges 20 are moved progressively towards each other in the direction of the bridge 1.
  • the transport barges 20 are moved towards the bridge 1 until the shuttles 35 of said barges 20 are in contact with the lateral vertical beams 8, as shown in FIGS. Figs. 1 to 3 .
  • the shuttles 35 are moved upwards on the columns 31 by means of the motor-reduction units 42 which rotate the pinions 43 meshing with the double racks 34 in order to bring the rim 46 into contact with the lower part of the bridge. 1 and the upper edge of the plate 36 of each shuttle 35 in contact with the projecting portion 2a of the upper part of the bridge 1.
  • the lugs 8b enter the housings 45 and the lugs 47 penetrate into the housing 2b ( Fig. 4 ).
  • the first phase which consists of aligning the lugs 8b and 47 with the housings 45 and 2b by raising the shuttles 35 generates no effort in the columns 31.
  • the columns 31 can tilt freely and slightly by mounting these columns 31 on the barge 20 by means of the half-axis 51 of the housing 52 and the clearance between the projecting flanges 57 and grooves 61.
  • the lugs 8b and 47 can align freely with the housing 45 and 2b without generating effort.
  • the bridge 1 is secured to the shuttles 35 by locking members, not shown.
  • the shuttles 35 carrying the deck 1 are lowered in the down position bearing against the deck of each barge 20 ( Fig. 8 ) and the bridge 1 is fixed on the barges 20 by means of tie rods or slings 50 or by means of any other appropriate element.
  • the columns 31 are wedged by introducing wedges, not shown between the projecting flanges 57 and the grooves 61 so as to obtain a rigid assembly during transport.
  • the barges 20 are moved to bring the bridge 1 to the operating site on which at least one support column 10 of the platform has been previously installed.
  • the bridge 1 is separated from the barges 20 by removing the fixing elements 50 and this bridge 1 is raised by the shuttles 35 ( Fig. 9 ) and the transport barges 20 are moved to arrange the bridge 1 above said at least one support column 10 ( Fig. 10 ).
  • the bridge 1 is lowered by the shuttles 35 so as to put this bridge on said at least support column 10 by making the conical end pieces 11 penetrate the frustoconical housings 7a of the bridge 1 ( Fig. 10 ).
  • the bridge 1 is fixed on said at least support column 10 by means of appropriate elements, not shown, and this bridge 1 is separated from the shuttles 35 ( Fig. 11 ).
  • the shuttles 35 are brought down and the barges 20 are evacuated laterally ( Fig.12 ).
  • the installation of the bridge 1 on said at least support column 10 is carried out in open sea and the sea conditions are never perfect and a residual swell remains permanently.
  • each barge 20 is ballasted on its side opposite the bridge 1 and the anchor lines connecting each barge to the seabed are pretensioned towards the sea. outside the barge.
  • each barge 20 and the columns 31 will tilt to move away from the bridge 1 and the anchor lines will simultaneously move the barges of this bridge.
  • the barges 20 can also be used for dismantling and transporting the bridge 1 of the at least one support column 10 to the transfer barge 15.
  • the transport barges 20 previously equipped with columns 31 each provided with a shuttle 35 are placed on either side of the at least one support column 10.
  • the shuttles 35 are moved upwards on the columns 31 in order to secure these shuttles 35 with the bridge 1 by means of the temporary connection means constituted by the lugs 47 and 8b cooperating with the housings, respectively 2b and 45.
  • the bridge 1 is disengaged from said at least one support column 10 and this bridge is raised by a shuttle 35 to move away from said at least one support column 10 and the transport barges 20 are moved.
  • the shuttles 35 carrying the bridge 1 are lowered and the bridge 1 is fixed on the transport barges 20.
  • the transfer barge 15 is placed between the transport barges 20 below the deck 1 and the shuttles 35 are lowered to set the deck 1 on the transfer barge 15.
  • the bridge 1 is fixed on the transfer barge 15 and it is separated from the shuttles 35.
  • the transport barges 20 are evacuated and the bridge 1 is transported by the transfer barge 15 to a dismantling site.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Ship Loading And Unloading (AREA)
EP10728810.2A 2009-05-26 2010-05-25 Structure de transport, d'installation et de demantelement d'un pont d'une plate-forme et procedes de transport, d'installation et de demantelement de ce pont Not-in-force EP2435293B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0953455A FR2946003B1 (fr) 2009-05-26 2009-05-26 Structure de transport, d'installation et de demantelement d'un pont d'une plate-forme et procedes de transport, d'installation et de demantelement de ce pont.
PCT/FR2010/051000 WO2010136713A1 (fr) 2009-05-26 2010-05-25 Structure de transport, d'installation et de démantèlement d'un pont d'une plate-forme et procédés de transport, d'installation et de démantèlement de ce pont

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2435293A1 EP2435293A1 (fr) 2012-04-04
EP2435293B1 true EP2435293B1 (fr) 2013-08-28

Family

ID=41683323

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10728810.2A Not-in-force EP2435293B1 (fr) 2009-05-26 2010-05-25 Structure de transport, d'installation et de demantelement d'un pont d'une plate-forme et procedes de transport, d'installation et de demantelement de ce pont

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US9033617B2 (ko)
EP (1) EP2435293B1 (ko)
KR (1) KR101755045B1 (ko)
AU (1) AU2010252835B2 (ko)
BR (1) BRPI1011852B1 (ko)
DK (1) DK2435293T3 (ko)
FR (1) FR2946003B1 (ko)
WO (1) WO2010136713A1 (ko)

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US8708604B2 (en) 2011-09-20 2014-04-29 Technip France Quick release system for topsides float-over installation on offshore platforms
ITMI20112130A1 (it) * 2011-11-23 2013-05-24 Saipem Spa Sistema e metodo per eseguire un programma di perforazione di pozzi subacquei in un letto di un corpo d'acqua e unita' galleggiante ausiliaria
US10556631B2 (en) 2011-12-16 2020-02-11 Entro Industries, Inc. Low profile roller assembly
US8490724B2 (en) 2011-12-16 2013-07-23 Shawn R. Smith Centering device for load transporting apparatus
US9533723B2 (en) 2011-12-16 2017-01-03 Entro Industries, Inc. Mounting structure with storable transport system
ITMI20130111A1 (it) * 2013-01-24 2014-07-25 Saipem Spa Chiatta a pescaggio variabile e sistema e metodo per trasferire carichi dalla chiatta ad una struttura di appoggio in un corpo d'acqua
USD767683S1 (en) * 2015-02-27 2016-09-27 Gert Stefan Günter Weigand Trellis structure for a gaming apparatus
CN105035260B (zh) * 2015-05-19 2017-06-16 中国海洋石油总公司 利用双船浮托整体拆除海上弃置平台上部组块的方法
US10836459B2 (en) * 2016-11-17 2020-11-17 Cccc First Harbor Engineering Co., Ltd. Self-propelled integrated ship for transporting and installing immersed tubes of underwater tunnel and construction process
US10899401B2 (en) 2017-06-05 2021-01-26 Entro Industries, Inc. Yaw alignment system
US10793409B2 (en) 2017-07-12 2020-10-06 Entro Industries, Inc. Lifting loads with lifting devices
US10895882B2 (en) 2017-08-01 2021-01-19 Entro Industries, Inc. Controlling load transporting devices
US10889961B2 (en) 2017-08-08 2021-01-12 Entro Industries, Inc. Automatic walking for a load transporting apparatus
US11180319B2 (en) 2017-11-22 2021-11-23 Entro Industries, Inc. Skid system for load transport apparatus
EP4098541B1 (en) * 2021-04-23 2024-01-24 CCCC First Harbor Engineering Co., Ltd. Semi-submersible-type immersed tube transportation and mounting integrated ship and construction process

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US4648751A (en) * 1985-11-12 1987-03-10 Exxon Production Research Co. Method and apparatus for erecting offshore platforms
NL8701856A (nl) * 1987-01-14 1988-08-01 Allseas Eng Bv Werkwijze voor het manoeuvreren van een opbouwelement ten opzichte van een in water aangebrachte vaste constructie, werkwijze voor het bouwen van een bouwwerk en bouwwerk gebouwd volgens een dergelijke werkwijze.
US5975807A (en) * 1995-03-15 1999-11-02 Khachaturian; Jon E. Method and apparatus for the offshore installation of multi-ton packages such as deck packages and jackets
US6318931B1 (en) * 1995-03-15 2001-11-20 Jon E. Khachaturian Method and apparatus for the offshore installation of multi-ton packages such as deck packages and jackets
CA2215247A1 (en) * 1995-03-15 1996-09-19 Jon E. Khachaturian Method and apparatus for installing prefabricated deck packages on offshore jacket foundations
NL1004682C2 (nl) * 1996-12-03 1998-06-15 Allseas Group Sa Inrichting en werkwijze voor het lichten van een zeegaande constructie, bijvoorbeeld boorplatform.
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US6347909B1 (en) * 2000-05-23 2002-02-19 J. Ray Mcdermott, S.A. Method to transport and install a deck
FR2865484B1 (fr) * 2004-01-28 2006-05-19 Technip France Structure de transport, d'installation et de demantelement des elements d'une plate-forme petroliere fixe et procedes de mise en oeuvre d'une telle structure.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2946003B1 (fr) 2012-12-14
EP2435293A1 (fr) 2012-04-04
KR101755045B1 (ko) 2017-07-19
BRPI1011852A2 (pt) 2016-03-15
AU2010252835B2 (en) 2016-02-18
DK2435293T3 (da) 2013-12-02
FR2946003A1 (fr) 2010-12-03
KR20120031165A (ko) 2012-03-30
BRPI1011852B1 (pt) 2020-12-29
US20120110819A1 (en) 2012-05-10
AU2010252835A1 (en) 2011-12-22
US9033617B2 (en) 2015-05-19
WO2010136713A1 (fr) 2010-12-02

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