Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K13/00—Structural associations of current collectors with motors or generators, e.g. brush mounting plates or connections to windings; Disposition of current collectors in motors or generators; Arrangements for improving commutation
  • H02K13/10—Arrangements of brushes or commutators specially adapted for improving commutation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
  • H02K23/26—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by the armature windings
  • H02K23/32—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by the armature windings having wave or undulating windings

Definitions

• the invention relates to an electrical machine, in particular an electric motor, wherein the electric machine has a first number of commutator and brushes, wherein the commutator are arranged in the circumferential direction uniformly distributed on a circumference of a disk carrier.
• DE 695 13 655 T2 describes two windscreen wiper motors for two speeds each.
• One of the two motors has two poles and three brushes, wherein a high-speed brush with respect to a common grounding brush is offset by a circumferential angle of, for example, 120 °.
• the circumferential angle is selected depending on a desired ratio between high and low rotational speeds of the motor.
• the other motor has four poles and six brushes, the high-speed brush being offset from the associated grounding brush by a circumferential angle of, for example, 60 °, again choosing the circumferential angle as a function of the desired high and low rotational speed ratio of the motor.
• the invention has for its object to reduce power losses in upstream electronics, voltage fluctuations in the electrical system and electromagnetic interference. This task is consistent with the characteristics of the independent approved claim. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are indicated in the dependent claims.
• the invention is based on a generic electric machine, in particular an electric motor, in that the brushes are arranged such that, in order to reduce a current ripple when using a wave winding and a number of brushes, which is smaller than a pole number of the electric machine, commutation possible evenly distributed.
• a first absolute value of a first difference from the first circumferential angle minus a first product of half a fin pitch of the electric machine having a first odd natural number is less than a tolerance angle, the first odd natural number being equal to one plus Two times an integer rounded third product of a second odd natural number multiplied by a quotient of a pole pitch angle of the electric machine divided by the fin pitch angle, wherein a second absolute amount of a second difference from the first circumferential angle minus a second product of the pole pitch angle of the electric Machine multiplied by the second odd natural number greater than the tolerance angle, wherein the tolerance angle is less than 8 °, in particular less than 4 °, in particular less than 2 °, in particular less than 1 °.
• a preferred embodiment provides that a half of the second odd natural number rounded up to an integer is less than or equal to a quarter of the pole number rounded to an integer.
• the first difference is positive or negative.
• An equally preferred embodiment provides that twice the first quotient is not a natural number.
• a preferred embodiment provides that the number of poles is less than 11, in particular less than 9, in particular less than 7.
• the number of commutator lamellae is less than 27, in particular less than 25, in particular less than 23, in particular less than 21, in particular less than 19, in particular less than 17, in particular less than 15.
• the electric machine can be configured such that the second odd natural number is less than 10, in particular less than 8, in particular less than 6, in particular less than 4, in particular less than 2.
• a further embodiment provides that the first odd natural number is equal to five and the second odd natural number is equal to one, in particular wherein the first product is equal to 64.3 ° or equal to 34.6 °.
• an electrical machine in which a rotor and / or a stator of the electric machine has a wave winding, in particular a single-turn wave winding.
• the electric machine may be a servomotor or a wiper motor
• Fig. 1a to 1 c is a schematic diagram of a brush assembly according to a first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 2a to 2c is a schematic diagram of a brush assembly according to a second embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic picture of an undesired irregularly distributed current profile as a function of a rotor position and a desired uniformly distributed current profile as a function of the rotor position;
• 4a to 4c are schematic illustrations of three possible arrangements of angular tolerance ranges of a brush arrangement according to the invention in relation to a conventional brush arrangement.
• a brush number smaller than the number of poles 2p can be selected without additional measures, whereby the characteristic of the electric machine changes only slightly.
• a first circumferential angle oci is between a first radial axis 20 of the first brush 16 and a second Radial axis 22 of the second brush 18 about 64.3 °.
• the second brush 18 is symmetrically positioned to two commutator bars 10, 12 (see FIG. 1 c) when the rotor 24 has a rotor position 26 (see FIG.
• FIG. 4c a first circumferential angle oci between a first one is shown in FIG Radial axis 20 of the first brush 16 to a second radial axis 22 of the second brush 18 about 34.6 °.
• the second brush 18 is symmetrically positioned to two commutator bars 10, 12 (see FIG. 4c) when the rotor 24 has a rotor position 26 (see FIG. 3) in which the first brush 16 is centrally positioned on a third commutator fin 14 (FIG. see Fig. 4b).
• Table 1 contains an overview of features of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, where the column “No” is the ordinal number of the embodiment, the column “k” is the commutator blade number k, the column “2p” is the pole number 2p, the column “ U2 "the second odd natural number U2, the column” ⁇ ⁇ / 2 "the half ⁇ ⁇ / 2 fin pitch angle ⁇ ⁇ , the column” Q1 "the first quotient Q1, the column” U1 "the first odd natural number U1 and Column “ocson” contains the Bürstensollabstandswinkel ⁇ S0 n.
• the half ⁇ ⁇ / 2 fin pitch angle ⁇ ⁇ is equal to the full angle 360 ° divided by twice 2k of the lamella number k.
• the first odd natural number U1 is equal to one plus twice 2 [P3] of a third product P3 rounded off to an integer [P3] from the odd natural number U2 multiplied by the quotient Q1.
• FIG. 3 shows a current profile 36 via the rotor position 26, as can be measured on the supply lines on a conventional electric machine.
• the current profile 36 is periodic, but has different high amplitudes 38, 40.
• the amplitudes 38, 40 and in particular also their fluctuations 41 are a measure of a current ripple.
• the high current ripple of the conventional electric machine may be caused by an uneven distribution 50 of the commutation positions 42 and 42, respectively.
• the current curve 44 of an electric machine according to the invention does not have such great fluctuations 41 of the amplitude 46. That is, the current ripple is significantly lower than in the conventional electric machine.
• the technical reason for this is the more uniform distribution 52 of the brushes 16, 18, 28, 30 with respect to the fin pitch of the commutator.
• the current ripple is reduced by the fact that the commutation positions 48 and / or points 48 are distributed uniformly (or at least more uniformly) than in conventional electrical machines.
• the brushes 16, 18 of a pair of brushes 16, 18 are optimally arranged with respect to the current ripple when the two brushes 16, 18 commute alternately in time symmetry. This condition is fulfilled when the two brushes 16, 18 are arranged alternately symmetrically with respect to each other in relation to the lamellar arrangement. This is the case when an adjacent pair 10, 12 of two lamellae 10, 12 is arranged centrally below the radial axis 22 of the second brush 18, when a third lamella 14 is arranged centrally below the radial axis 20 of the first brush 16.
• the brush arrangement according to the invention is based on the approach of assigning to a Bürstensollabstandswinkel ocsoii an odd natural number U1 of half oc ⁇ / 2 lamellar divide angles ⁇ ⁇ .
• the brush target pitch angle ⁇ S0 n is equal to a current turn step plus or minus half an oc ⁇ / 2 fin pitch angle ⁇ ⁇ .
• the conventional brush target pitch angle oc k0n v is thus equal to a second product of the pole pitch angle ocp of the electric machine multiplied by the second odd natural number U2.
• the conventional brush arrangement is based on the idea of assigning an integer number of pole pitches oc P to a current reversing step.
• FIG. 4a shows a first angle tolerance range 54 for a brush arrangement according to the invention which does not overlap with a second angle tolerance range 56 of a corresponding conventional brush arrangement.
• all of the brush assemblies, OC 12 , OC 1 3, within the first angle tolerance range 54 represent a new brush assembly, ai 2 , ai 3.
• FIG. 4 b shows a second angle tolerance range 56 for a conventional brush assembly that forms part of the first angular tolerance range 54 overlaps, but not the brush target pitch angle ⁇ S0 n.
• only those brush assemblies, a i2, set a new brush assembly, ai 2 both lie within the first angle tolerance range 54 and outside the second angular tolerance range 56.
• a second angle tolerance range 56 for a conventional brush arrangement which overlaps a portion of the first angle tolerance range 54 and the possibility even Bürstensollab- still angle ⁇ SO ⁇ . Also in this case, only those brush assemblies form on a new brush assembly which are both within the first angular tolerance range 54 and outside the second angular tolerance range 56.
• a first absolute value B1 of a first difference D1 is from the first circumferential angle oci minus the Brush target pitch angle ⁇ S0 n smaller than a tolerance angle oc ⁇ .
• a second absolute amount B2 of a second difference D2 from the first circumferential angle oci minus a second product oc k o n sus to the pole pitch angle ocp of the electric machine multiplied by the second odd natural number U2 is larger than the tolerance angle oc ⁇ .
• the tolerance angle oc ⁇ may be less than 8 °, in particular less than 4 °, in particular less than 2 °, in particular less than 1 °.
• the person skilled in the art can calculate a table which for each of a plurality of tuples from a given tolerance angle oc ⁇ , number of slots k, number of poles 2p, second odd natural number U2 and pole pitch angle ocp each have an angular tolerance range for the first circumferential angle oci indicates.
• the load on the electric machine can be mechanical while the drive is electric (motor operation). Alternatively or additionally, the electric machine can be driven mechanically while the load of the electric machine is electric (generator operation).

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
• Dc Machiner (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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Citations (5)

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• 2009
  • 2009-05-15 DE DE102009003159A patent/DE102009003159A1/de active Pending
• 2010
  • 2010-03-19 US US13/320,592 patent/US8686612B2/en active Active
  • 2010-03-19 EP EP10710294A patent/EP2430734A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2010-03-19 JP JP2012510180A patent/JP5535312B2/ja active Active
  • 2010-03-19 CN CN201080021071.XA patent/CN102422513B/zh active Active
  • 2010-03-19 WO PCT/EP2010/053589 patent/WO2010130488A1/de active Application Filing

Patent Citations (5)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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