Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
  • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
  • E04H12/22—Sockets or holders for poles or posts
  • E04H12/2207—Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used
  • E04H12/2215—Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used driven into the ground
  • E04H12/2223—Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used driven into the ground by screwing
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
  • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
  • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
  • E02D5/801—Ground anchors driven by screwing

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a ground anchor with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
• Ground screws in the form of so-called ground dowels serve to anchor objects such as columns or support frames in the ground.
• solar collectors in outdoor installation are often anchored in the ground with such ground dowels, screw foundations or ground anchors. They can also serve for the erection and anchoring of vertical pipes carrying, for example, traffic signs.
• ground anchors are available in many different embodiments and dimensions. Usually, they consist of a pipe section which has a constant diameter over a certain length. A lower section of the ground anchor is conically tapered, so that the ground anchor can be screwed into the ground and thereby firmly fixed by the displacement of the soil. In order to screw in the ground dowel, it is provided with an external thread, which may be formed, for example, by a welded sheet metal strip.
• the conical section is normally welded to the cylindrical section.
• the conical section is conventionally produced by means of a cold-forming method, known as kneading or hammering, from a cylindrical tube section.
• the lower tip can be formed, for example, by a welding and / or forging process.
• the outer thread normally extends from the lower part of the cylindrical pipe section to beyond the conical section and extends close to the lower tip.
• a ground anchor with a hammered conical section and a method for its production are disclosed in DE 198 36 370 A1.
• a main body of this ground anchor has a cone-shaped basic shape and a cone-shaped portion. The main body is made by hammering a previously cylindrical tube.
• a similar ground dowel with a hammered anchoring section is also apparent from DE 299 23 796 U1.
• ground anchors are screwed into loose soil, normally no problems arise.
• the rigid anchoring is achieved by displacing the soil by means of the screwing into the ground via the thread dowel.
• the ground anchor can provide a play-free and highly resilient anchoring in this way, even in relatively loose soil.
• a steel pipe can have a wall thickness between about 1, 5 and 2.5 mm. Since a similar starting material is also used for the kneaded conical lower section, the wall thickness increases sharply downward toward the tip, while in the upper region, near the weld, it likewise only amounts to between 1, 5 and 2.5 mm.
• the conical section can not yield at high loads, but is particularly torsionally stiff.
• the object of the invention is to provide a particularly high-strength ground anchor, which is particularly suitable for use in solid ground. Another object of the invention is to provide a very efficient and inexpensive to produce ground anchors.
• the present invention is a fferfundament in the form of a so-called.
• Floor anchor made of steel pipe or a pipe made of other material, eg. Of plastic.
• This ground anchor comprises a hollow shank portion, which is provided at least in sections with an external thread, and a subsequent to the shaft portion, in an anchored in the ground state downwardly facing head portion which is formed as a drill head and provided with erdrichden elements.
• the erdrichden elements of the head portion may be formed by wing-like webs whose longitudinal direction extends at least partially each approximately parallel or at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the shaft portion.
• the wing-like webs of the head portion are separated from each other by directed to the central longitudinal axis of the shaft portion and the head portion constrictions or indentations. If constrictions or indentations are mentioned in this context, then these geometric contours can optionally also be considered as foldings and / or referred to. It is essential in this context that the constrictions, indentations or folds are each directed towards the central axis and are separated from each other by an outer circumferential surface of the head portion by the wing-like webs.
• the shank portion may optionally have a hollow cylindrical shape with continuous and constant cross-section.
• the shank portion may also have a slightly conical, preferably downward, tapering contour toward the head portion.
• other cross-sectional contours are possible and useful, for example.
• Such non-round cross-sections can have advantages in terms of improved resistance to twisting after screwing in the ground anchor.
• the ground dowel serves as a screw foundation for supporting rod-shaped objects or support columns, for example. Of solar panels, traffic signs or the like.
• the acting as a drill head section clears the earth aside, so that with the help of the external thread a uniform penetration into the ground is possible.
• the indentations or indentations or folds each taper from the head portion to the shaft portion and / or leak towards the shaft portion in the cylindrical surface.
• an acute angle of approximately 5 to 15 degrees of the outgoing bevels, preferably of approximately 10 degrees to the longitudinal extension direction of the ground anchor, may be expedient.
• a head portion with a typical length is formed, which corresponds to approximately one and a half times the pipe diameter of the shaft portion.
• the shaft portion may also be formed longer, in which case the acute angle of the upward, tapering towards the shaft portion constrictions or indentations should be less than 10 degrees.
• the constrictions or indentations leak out in a somewhat blunt angle of more than 10 degrees to the shaft portion.
• the head section of the ground anchor can have at least three regularly and / or symmetrically arranged wing-like webs and complementary constrictions or indentations or folds, so that alternate over the circumference of webs and indentations, preferably at regular intervals.
• the head portion also have four regularly and / or symmetrically arranged wing-like webs and constrictions or indentations.
• a further alternative embodiment of the ground anchor can provide that the head section has at least five or six regularly and / or symmetrically arranged wing-like webs and in each case complementary constrictions or indentations.
• the webs and constrictions or indentations may be inclined at an acute angle to the longitudinal central axis. It is also possible that the webs and constrictions or indentations have a helical course.
• the inclination is suitably oriented so that the screwing into the ground is facilitated, so that the inclination has a thread-like effect.
• Such alternative embodiments can be particularly for heavy and very hard soils may be advantageous, since in this way the screwing of the screw foundation into the soil can be facilitated.
• constricted or pressed-wall sections of the head portion are preferably spaced from each other and not completely pressed or crushed together, so that between the spaced-apart constricted or pressed-wall sections of the head portion, an end-side opening is formed.
• an end-side opening is formed between the spaced-apart constricted or pressed-wall sections of the head portion.
• the width of the slots, which are formed between spaced walls of the depressed areas, may for example correspond to twice or three times the wall thickness of the steel pipe.
• Such an opening also has the advantage that a zinc spout is available for the galvanic galvanizing of the ground anchors, so that no separate zinc spout has to be drilled.
• the contiguous wall sections or frontal edges of the head portion may also be partially welded together, which may increase the stability of the ground anchor in very hard ground conditions.
• it may be useful, as needed, to cut the side edges of the wing-like webs or provided with a chamfer, whereby a kind of tip is formed in a side view.
• the upper shaft portion and the lower head portion are integrally formed from a single, continuous steel pipe section.
• the ground anchor in the cylindrical upper shaft portion and in the lower head portion preferably each have a substantially constant wall thickness.
• Such a ground dowel can be produced particularly quickly and inexpensively, since any connection weld can be omitted, which would increase the production cost on the one hand and on the other hand to a weakening of the Material structure, which could contribute to an increased risk of material failure in particularly hard soil.
• ground anchor according to the invention may have a lower center point. This centering point is largely aligned with the longitudinal central axis and can in particular between the indentations or
• Constrictions arranged and / or be welded to these.
• the centering facilitates the placement of the ground anchor and prevents the beginning of the screwing into the ground that the ground dowel wanders and drifts from its intended slot.
• the external thread of the ground anchor or erfundaments can be formed in particular by a sheet metal strip with a narrow side helical or helical around the hollow cylindrical shaft portion and / or at least a portion of the lower head portion and at least selectively and / or in sections on the outer surface of the ground anchor welded or welded to the outer circumferential surface of the ground dowel.
• External thread can in particular extend continuously and with a substantially constant pitch between a lower portion of the cylindrical portion to near the lower end face of the head portion.
• the thread extends only over part of the shaft portion and does not affect the depressed portions of the head portion.
• the thread may extend as needed over the entire shaft portion or even a portion thereof.
• the ground anchor according to the invention is particularly stable and resistant and can also be used for very difficult soil, without causing failure breaks.
• the absence of a weld between the upper and lower sections eliminates the risk of failure or fracture in this area.
• Due to the design of the ground anchor with largely constant wall thicknesses in the lower, designed as a drill head area of the ground dowel remains torsional elastic in all sections and can withstand much higher torsional loads when screwing into difficult and very solid and / or very hard soils much better than the conventional ground dowel Torsion stresses due to their rigidity can not give enough and suddenly fail when occurring overloads, especially tear.
• the process of penetration into the soil essentially comprises two phases.
• the ground anchor In a first phase, the ground anchor must first be subjected to a relatively high axial pressure and rotated, in particular in the case of very hard soils or for the penetration of a solidified soil layer, such as, for example, a ballast layer.
• the head section acts as a drill head by the wing-like ridges provide for the clearing of the borehole.
• the ground dowel works similar to a self-drilling screw and supports by its external thread screwing into the ground. In all these experiments it has been shown that a
• the ground anchor As a material for the ground anchor according to the invention is particularly suitable steel pipe, in which the external thread is welded.
• the ground anchor can also consist of other materials, for example. Injection molded plastic, possibly with additional fiber reinforcement. In such plastic floor dowels may optionally be provided that these are formed of solid material. Since in such variants no object to be anchored can be inserted, its attachment preferably takes place via a screw flange or another suitable connection.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a ground anchor according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 shows a perspective detailed view of a head section of the ground anchor constructed according to FIG. 1 as a drill head.
• FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section of the head section according to FIG. 2.
• FIG. 4 shows a schematic perspective view of an alternative embodiment variant of the ground anchor according to the invention with a centering tip arranged on the front side on the head section.
• FIG. 5 shows a perspective detailed view of the head section of the ground anchor provided with the centering tip according to FIG. 4.
• FIG. 6 shows a perspective detail view of an alternative embodiment variant of the head section.
• FIG. 7 shows a top view of the head section according to FIG. 6.
• FIG. 8 shows a perspective detail view of a further alternative embodiment variant of the head section.
• FIG. 9 shows a side view of the head section according to FIG. 8.
• FIG. 10 shows a plan view of the head section according to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9.
• FIGS. 1 to 10 show a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of a ground anchor 10 according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 shows a perspective detail view of the head section 12 of the ground anchor 10 according to FIG. 1 formed as a drill head.
• the longitudinal section of FIG. 3 again shows the head section according to FIG Fig. 2.
• the ground anchor 10 consists of a hollow cylindrical shaft portion 14, which is provided in one of our area with an external thread 14, and the adjoining the shaft portion 14, in an anchored state in the ground downwards Head section 12, which is designed here as a drill head and provided with erdrichden elements.
• These erdrichden elements of the head portion 12 are formed by wing-like webs 18, the longitudinal extension direction in the embodiments according to the figures 1 to 7 each approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft portion 14 and the entire floor anchor 10 extends.
• the wing-like webs 18 of the head portion 12 are each separated by the center longitudinal axis of the shaft portion 14 and the head portion 12 directed constrictions or indentations 20.
• the ground anchor 10 can serve as a screw foundation for supporting rod-shaped objects or support columns, for example of solar collectors, traffic signs or the like.
• the ground anchor 10 When anchoring the ground anchor 10 is placed with its lower end face 22 of the head portion 12 on the ground and screwed by means of a machine drive into the ground, at the same time exerted a pressure force directed to the ground. In this case, the acting as a drill head section 12 clears the earth aside, so that with the help of the external thread 16 a uniform penetration into the ground is possible.
• the ground anchor 10 has a connection flange 26 which normally projects from the ground and serves for screwing to an object to be anchored (not shown).
• Indentations 20 in each case from the head portion 12 to the shaft portion 14 and run towards the shaft portion 14 in the cylindrical lateral surface.
• an acute angle of the outgoing bevels of about 10 degrees to the longitudinal direction of the ground anchor 10 is provided.
• the head portion 12 has a typical length, which corresponds to about one and a half times the pipe diameter of the shaft portion 14.
• the head portion 12 of the ground anchor 10 have three regularly and symmetrically arranged wing-like webs 18 and constrictions or indentations 20, as shown in the embodiment according to Figures 6 and 7.
• the head portion 12 also four regularly and symmetrically with respect to the rod longitudinal axis mutually arranged wing-like webs 18 and constrictions or indentations 20 have, as illustrated in Figures 1 to 5.
• Design of the ground anchor 10 may provide that the head portion 12 has at least five or six regularly and / or symmetrically arranged wing-like webs 18 and constrictions or indentations 20.
• the webs 18 and constrictions or indentations 20 each have a helical course, as shown in the embodiment of Figures 8 to 10.
• the inclination and curvature of the webs 18 and the complementary indentations 20 is meaningfully aligned so that the insertion of the ground anchor 10 is facilitated in the ground, so that the slope has a thread-like effect.
• Such a variant may be particularly advantageous for heavy and very hard soils, since in this way the screwing of the fferfundaments can be facilitated in the ground.
• constricted wall portions 28 of the head portion 12 are spaced apart from one another and are not completely pressed or squeezed together, such that between the spaced-apart constricted or indented
• Wall portions 28 of the head portion 12 an end opening 30 is formed.
• this front-side opening 30 is similar to a three-armed or four-armed wing (compare FIGS. 7 and 10).
• Floor dowel 10 of the lateral earth pressure is increased to the lateral surfaces of the shaft portion 14, so that a particularly tight fit is ensured.
• the width of the slots 32 formed between spaced-apart walls 28 of the depressed areas may correspond, for example, to twice or three times the wall thickness of the steel pipe.
• Such an opening 30 also has the advantage that a zinc spout is available for the final galvanic galvanizing of the ground dowel 12, so that no separate zinc spout has to be drilled.
• the upper shaft portion 14 and the lower head portion 12 are integrally made of a single, continuous steel pipe section.
• the ground anchor 10 in the cylindrical upper shaft portion 14 and the partially deformed lower head portion 12 each have a substantially constant wall thickness.
• a connecting weld is eliminated.
• the schematic perspective views of Figures 4 and 5 show a further embodiment of the invention Bodendübels 10 with frontally arranged on the head portion 12 centering tip 34.
• the centering 34 is aligned with the longitudinal center axis of the ground anchor 10 and is dimensioned so that they are located between the indentations 20 and constrictions and can be welded to them.
• the centering tip 34 facilitates the placement of the ground anchor 10 in particular on hard ground and prevents the beginning of screwing into the ground that the ground anchor 10 wanders and drifts from its intended slot.
• it In order to weld the centering tip 34 on the end face 22 in the opening 30, it must be made of weldable metal, in particular of structural steel.
• the external thread 16 of the ground anchor 10 or SSfundaments is formed by a sheet metal strip 36 with a narrow side helical or helical around the hollow cylindrical shaft portion 14 and / or at least a portion of the lower head portion and there selectively and / or in sections with the outer circumferential surface the ground anchor 10 is welded.
• the external thread 16 extends in accordance with FIG. 1 only over a part of the shaft section 14 and does not affect the pressed-in regions 20 of the head section 12. However, the thread 16 can also extend as required over the entire shaft section or even only a part thereof (not shown) ).

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• 2009
  • 2009-07-09 CN CN200980156652.1A patent/CN102317557B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-07-09 WO PCT/EP2009/004994 patent/WO2010091702A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2009-07-09 EP EP09777079A patent/EP2419584A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-07-09 DE DE202009018541U patent/DE202009018541U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2011
  • 2011-08-03 US US13/197,523 patent/US8353655B2/en active Active

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