EP2417405B1 - Kältekreislauf und verfahren zur steuerung der ölverteilung darin - Google Patents
Kältekreislauf und verfahren zur steuerung der ölverteilung darin Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2417405B1 EP2417405B1 EP09776516.8A EP09776516A EP2417405B1 EP 2417405 B1 EP2417405 B1 EP 2417405B1 EP 09776516 A EP09776516 A EP 09776516A EP 2417405 B1 EP2417405 B1 EP 2417405B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- compressor
- compressors
- oil
- solenoid valve
- refrigerating circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
- F25B31/002—Lubrication
- F25B31/004—Lubrication oil recirculating arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
- F25B2400/075—Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a refrigerating circuit as well as to a method for controlling the oil distribution within a multi-compressor unit of a refrigerating circuit.
- JP 2000 337 726 A discloses an air conditioning system with a plurality of outdoor machines respectively including a compressor.
- the outdoor machines are connected in parallel with an indoor machine.
- the compressors are fluidly connected with each other through uniform oil pipes which can transport residual oil in each compressor.
- Discharge bypass valves and a capillary tube are provided on a discharge of the compressor of each outdoor machine.
- the bypass pipings are connected with a pressure container of each compressor, respectively.
- a refrigerating circuit comprises - in flow direction - a multi-compressor unit, a condenser/gas cooler, a receiver, at least one evaporator having a respective expansion device arranged before it, and conduits circulating a refrigerant containing oil therethrough
- the multi-compressor unit comprises a first compressor the rotational speed of which can be controlled and at least one further compressor running at a constant rotational speed, wherein the suction sides and the pressure sides of the compressors are connected in parallel, wherein an oil balance line is provided between the oil sumps of the compressors, said oil balance line connecting the oil sumps of the compressors at substantially the same positions of height, and wherein a solenoid valve allowing oil flow in either direction is arranged in the oil balance line between the first compressor and the at least one further compressor for controlling the oil distribution between the oil sumps of the compressors during operation of the compressors of the multi-compressor unit.
- Means are provided for measuring a pressure difference between the first compressor and one of the further compressors, and wherein the solenoid valve is controllable so as to close if the pressure difference exceeds a predetermined threshold value, thereby blocking an oil flow between the first compressor and the further compressors,
- the solenoid valve is controllable so as to close if the rotational speed of the first compressor exceeds a predetermined upper threshold value or falls below a predetermined lower threshold value, thereby blocking an oil flow between the first compressor and the further compressors.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a refrigeration circuit applying a multi-compressor unit according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the refrigeration circuit 2 comprises in flow direction a multi-compressor unit having a speed controlled compressor 4, a first constant speed compressor 6 and a second constant speed compressor 8, a condenser/gas cooler 12, a receiver/collecting container 14, three evaporators 18, 22 and 26 having a respective expansion valve 16, 20 and 24 arranged before it and conduits/piping circulating a refrigerant containing oil therethrough.
- the operation of the refrigeration circuit 2 is known to a skilled person and does not need to be explained further.
- suction line 28 The conduit portion connecting the outputs of the evaporators 18, 22 and 26 to the input sides of the compressors 4, 6 and 8 is called suction line 28 hereinafter.
- the suction line 28 branches off into three separate parallel lines leading to the input sides of the compressors 4, 6 and 8. The suction sides of the compressors 4, 6 and 8 are therefore connected in parallel.
- the compressors 4, 6 and 8 can be reciprocating compressors.
- the speed controlled compressor 4 can be a VSD-controlled compressor.
- the conduit portion between the output sides of the compressors 4, 6 and 8 and the entrance of the condenser/gas cooler 12 is called pressure line 10 hereinafter.
- the pressure line portions from the output sides of the compressors 4, 6 and 8 join before the condenser/gas cooler 12. Hence, the pressure side of the compressors 4, 6 and 8 are also connected in parallel.
- the refrigerant flow direction through these elements of the refrigerating circuit 2 is schematically depicted by an arrow having the reference numeral 38.
- the condenser/gas cooler 12 works as a condenser liquefying the refrigerant, if the refrigeration circuit 2 is operated in a sub-critical mode.
- the condenser/gas cooler 12 works as a gas cooler not liquefying but only cooling the gaseous refrigerant, if the refrigeration circuit 2 is operated in a transcritical mode.
- the refrigerant circulating in the refrigeration circuit can be of any conventional kind, however, it is particularly suitable for transcritical operation. Thus, also CO2 can be used as refrigerant.
- All of the compressors of the multi-compressor unit namely the VSD-controlled compressor 4, the first constant speed compressor 6 and the second constant speed compressor 8 comprise an oil sump, and an oil balance line 30 attaches to the same positions of height of the oil sump of the VSD-controlled compressor 4 and the constant speed compressor 6 and connects the oil sumps of these compressors 4 and 6.
- This oil balance line 30 also extends to the second constant speed compressor 8, and is connected to the oil sump level of the second constant speed compressor 8 attaching to the same position of height of its oil sump level.
- This oil balance line to the second constant speed compressor 8 has the reference numeral 34.
- the oil sump levels are provided with a sight glass for allowing monitoring of the oil sump levels within the oil sump of the compressors 4, 6 and 8.
- a solenoid valve 32 is provided that allows oil flow in either direction and that is capable for controlling the oil distribution between the oil sumps of the VSD-controlled compressor 4 on the one hand and the constant speed compressor 6 and 8 on the other hand during operation of the compressors 4, 6 and 8 of the multi-compressor unit.
- the oil flow direction within the oil balance line 30 is depicted by an arrow having the reference numeral 36.
- the oil sump levels of the compressors 4, 6 and 8 are monitored and the solenoid valve 32 is closed if the oil sump level of one of the compressors 4, 6 and 8 exceeds a predetermined upper threshold value or falls below a predetermined lower threshold value, thereby blocking an undesired oil flow between the speed controlled compressor 4 and the constant speed compressors 6 and 8.
- the oil sump levels of the compressors 4, 6 and 8 are monitored and the solenoid valve 32 is closed if the oil sump levels difference between the speed controlled compressor 4 and one of the further constant speed compressors 6 and 8 exceeds a predetermined upper threshold value, thereby blocking an undesired oil flow between the speed controlled compressor 4 and the constant speed compressors 6 and 8.
- the pressure difference between the speed controlled compressor 4 and the constant speed compressors 6 and 8 is monitored and the solenoid valve 32 is closed if this pressure difference exceeds a predetermined threshold value, thereby blocking an undesired oil flow between the speed controlled compressor 4 and the constant speed compressors 6 and 8.
- the rotational speed of the speed controlled compressor 4 is monitored and the solenoid valve 32 is closed if the rotational speed of the speed controlled compressor 4 exceeds a predetermined upper threshold value or falls below a predetermined lower threshold value, thereby blocking an undesired oil flow between the speed controlled compressor 4 and the constant speed compressors 6 and 8.
- control features can employ means for sensing the required values (not shown in the Figure), for example means for monitoring the oil sump levels, means for measuring a pressure difference or means for measuring the rotational speed, and the solenoid valve is controlled so as to close if the sensed values are no more in an acceptable range and/or so as to close if the sensed values are in an acceptable range again.
- the solenoid valve 32 can be closed and opened up at predetermined intervals for blocking, and respectively, allowing oil flow between the speed controlled compressor 4 and the constant speed compressors 6 and 8.
- the extent of the oil distribution between the speed controlled compressor 4 and the constant speed compressors 6 and 8 can be limited in terms of time, and the opening and closing intervals can be selected according to the specification and the expected load or performance of the refrigerating circuit.
- a reliable oil distribution can be attained nearly without any sensor equipment.
- the solenoid valve closes and avoids an oil distribution between the speed controlled compressor and the other constant speed compressors.
- a unit controller (not shown in the Figure) that controls the condenser/gas cooler 12, the compressors 4, 6 and 8 and the solenoid valve 32.
- the control of this unit controller can be carried out by a control algorithm for the solenoid valve 32 being integrated into the unit controller or by a separate impulse generator.
- the oil distribution between the compressors can be effected during normal operation of the compressors of the multi-compressor unit. It is neither necessary to switch off a compressor in order to run an oil distribution program nor is it necessary to provide an additional oil separator.
- the oil distribution between the oil sumps of the compressors can be controlled during operation of all the compressors running which avoids switching off one or the other compressor for a certain time interval and which significantly improves the efficiency of the refrigerating circuit.
- the oil levels in the oil sumps of all the compressors can reliably be kept in an acceptable range.
- the oil balance line attaches to positions of height at the oil sumps of the compressors that corresponds to the necessary oil level of the compressors in operation.
- the oil balance line can attach to other positions of height within an acceptable oil level range between a position of minimum required oil level and a position of maximum required oil level or even lower.
- the oil balance line always attaches to substantially the same positions of height of the oil sumps present in the multi-compressor unit, wherein a variation of a few millimeters is acceptable.
- the suction pressure of the compressors of the multi-compressor unit lies at substantially the same suction pressure level for all compressors.
- the refrigerating circuit according to exemplary embodiments, as described above, does not use a pressure difference for regulating the oil level, and the equipment necessary for such oil regulation due to pressure differences can be avoided, which saves further costs and effort.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
Claims (10)
- Kühlkreislauf, umfassend - in Strömungsrichtung - eine Mehrfachverdichtereinheit (4, 6, 8), einen Kondensator/Gaskühler (12), einen Sammelbehälter (14), mindestens einen Verdampfer (18, 22, 26), der eine entsprechende Expansionsvorrichtung (16, 20, 24) aufweist, die vor diesem angeordnet ist, und Leitungen, die ein Kältemittel, das Öl enthält, dadurch zirkulieren lassen,
wobei die Mehrfachverdichtereinheit (4, 6, 8) einen ersten Verdichter (4), dessen Drehzahl gesteuert werden kann, und mindestens einen weiteren Verdichter (6, 8), der mit einer konstanten Drehzahl läuft, aufweist,
wobei die Saugseiten und die Druckseiten der Verdichter (4, 6, 8) parallel geschaltet sind,
wobei eine Ölausgleichsleitung (30) zwischen den Ölwannen der Verdichter (4, 6, 8) vorgesehen ist, wobei die Ölausgleichsleitung (30) die Ölwannen der Verdichter (4, 6, 8) an im Wesentlichen gleichen Höhenpositionen verbindet,
wobei ein Magnetventil (32), das einen Ölstrom in jede Richtung ermöglicht, in der Ölausgleichsleitung (30) zwischen dem ersten Verdichter (4) und dem mindestens einen weiteren Verdichter (6, 8) angeordnet ist, um die Ölverteilung zwischen den Ölwannen der Verdichter (4, 6, 8) während des Betriebs der Verdichter (4, 6, 8) der Mehrfachverdichtereinheit (4, 6, 8) zu steuern, und
gekennzeichnet
dadurch, dass Einrichtungen bereitgestellt werden, um eine Druckdifferenz zwischen dem ersten Verdichter (4) und einem aus den weiteren Verdichtern (6, 8) zu messen, und wobei das Magnetventil (32) so ansteuerbar ist, dass es sich schließt, wenn die Druckdifferenz einen vorbestimmten Schwellenwert überschreitet, wodurch ein Ölstrom zwischen dem ersten Verdichter (4) und den weiteren Verdichtern (6, 8) blockiert wird; oder
dadurch, dass das Magnetventil (32) so ansteuerbar ist, dass es sich schließt, wenn die Drehzahl des ersten Verdichters (4) einen vorbestimmten oberen Schwellenwert überschreitet oder einen vorbestimmten unteren Schwellenwert unterschreitet, wodurch ein Ölstrom zwischen dem ersten Verdichter (4) und den weiteren Verdichtern (6, 8) blockiert wird. - Kühlkreislauf nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Verdichter (4, 6, 8) der Mehrfachverdichtereinheit im Wesentlichen mit demselben Saugdruckpegel betrieben werden.
- Kühlkreislauf nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei in den Ölwannen der Verdichter (4, 6, 8) Einrichtungen zum Überwachen der Ölwannenpegel angeordnet sind und wobei das Magnetventil (32) so ansteuerbar ist, dass es sich schließt, wenn der Ölwannenpegel eines der Verdichter (4, 6, 8) einen vorbestimmten oberen Schwellenwert überschreitet, wodurch ein Ölstrom zwischen dem ersten Verdichter (4) und den weiteren Verdichtern (6, 8) blockiert wird.
- Kühlkreislauf nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei Einrichtungen zum Überwachen der Ölwannenpegel in den Ölwannen der Verdichter (4, 6, 8) angeordnet sind und wobei das Magnetventil (32) so ansteuerbar ist, dass es sich schließt, wenn der Ölwannenpegel eines der Verdichter (4, 6, 8) einen vorbestimmten unteren Schwellenwert unterschreitet, wodurch ein Ölstrom zwischen dem ersten Verdichter (4) und den weiteren Verdichtern (6, 8) blockiert wird.
- Kühlkreislauf nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei Einrichtungen zum Überwachen der Ölwannenpegel in den Ölwannen der Verdichter (4, 6, 8) angeordnet sind und wobei das Magnetventil (32) so ansteuerbar ist, dass es sich schließt, wenn die Ölwannenpegeldifferenz zwischen dem ersten Verdichter (4) und einem der weiteren Verdichter (6, 8) einen vorbestimmten oberen Schwellenwert überschreitet, wodurch ein Ölstrom zwischen dem ersten Verdichter (4) und den weiteren Verdichtern (6, 8) blockiert wird.
- Kühlkreislauf nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei das Magnetventil (32) so ansteuerbar ist, dass es sich in vorbestimmten Intervallen schließt und öffnet, um einen Ölstrom zwischen dem ersten Verdichter (4) und den weiteren Verdichtern (6, 8) zu blockieren beziehungsweise zuzulassen.
- Kühlkreislauf nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, ferner umfassend eine Anlagensteuerung zum Steuern des Kondensators/Gaskühlers (12), der Verdichter (4, 6, 8) und des Magnetventils (32).
- Kühlkreislauf nach Anspruch 7, wobei der Steueralgorithmus für das Magnetventil (32) in die Anlagensteuerung integriert ist.
- Kühlkreislauf nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei die Steuerung des Magnetventils (32) von einem gesonderten Impulsgenerator ausgeführt wird.
- Verfahren zum Steuern der Ölverteilung innerhalb einer Mehrfachverdichtereinheit eines Kühlkreislaufs, wobei die Mehrfachverdichtereinheit (4, 6, 8) einen ersten Verdichter (4), dessen Drehzahl gesteuert werden kann, und mindestens einen weiteren Verdichter (6, 8), der mit einer konstanten Drehzahl läuft, aufweist, wobei die Saugseiten und die Druckseiten der Verdichter (4, 6, 8) parallel geschaltet sind, wobei die Mehrfachverdichtereinheit (4, 6, 8) ferner eine Ölausgleichsleitung (30) umfasst, die sich zwischen dem ersten Verdichter (4) und dem mindestens einen weiteren Verdichter (6, 8) erstreckt und einen Ölstrom zwischen den Ölwannen der Verdichter (4, 6, 8) ermöglicht;
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, wenn alle Verdichter (4, 6, 8) der Mehrfachverdichtereinheit laufen,
der Ölstrom zwischen dem ersten Verdichter (4) und den weiteren Verdichtern (6, 8), insbesondere durch Schließen eines Magnetventils (32), das in der Ölausgleichsleitung (30) angeordnet ist, blockiert wird, wenn eine erfasste Druckdifferenz zwischen dem ersten Verdichter (4) und einem der weiteren Verdichter (6, 8) einen vorbestimmten Schwellenwert überschreitet und/oder wenn die Drehzahl des Verdichters (4) einen oberen Schwellenwert überschreitet oder einen unteren Schwellenwert unterschreitet, wobei die Ölausgleichsleitung (30) die Ölwannen der Verdichter (4, 6, 8) an im Wesentlichen gleichen Höhenpositionen verbindet.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2009/002529 WO2010115435A1 (en) | 2009-04-06 | 2009-04-06 | Refrigerating circuit and method for controlling the oil distribution within the same |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2417405A1 EP2417405A1 (de) | 2012-02-15 |
EP2417405B1 true EP2417405B1 (de) | 2020-03-18 |
Family
ID=41698196
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09776516.8A Active EP2417405B1 (de) | 2009-04-06 | 2009-04-06 | Kältekreislauf und verfahren zur steuerung der ölverteilung darin |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2417405B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN102388278B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2010115435A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104748440B (zh) * | 2015-03-31 | 2017-06-27 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | 空调系统及空调系统的控制方法 |
US9939179B2 (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2018-04-10 | Bitzer Kuehlmaschinenbau Gmbh | Cascading oil distribution system |
US10760831B2 (en) | 2016-01-22 | 2020-09-01 | Bitzer Kuehlmaschinenbau Gmbh | Oil distribution in multiple-compressor systems utilizing variable speed |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3633377A (en) * | 1969-04-11 | 1972-01-11 | Lester K Quick | Refrigeration system oil separator |
JPH071126B2 (ja) * | 1986-07-28 | 1995-01-11 | 株式会社日立製作所 | マルチ冷凍機 |
JP2835044B2 (ja) * | 1988-01-29 | 1998-12-14 | 株式会社東芝 | 空気調和機 |
JP2865707B2 (ja) * | 1989-06-14 | 1999-03-08 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 冷凍装置 |
JPH0480555A (ja) * | 1990-07-19 | 1992-03-13 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 冷凍装置 |
JPH0527560U (ja) * | 1991-09-20 | 1993-04-09 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 冷凍装置 |
US5634345A (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1997-06-03 | Alsenz; Richard H. | Oil monitoring system |
JP4278229B2 (ja) * | 1999-05-24 | 2009-06-10 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
WO2001006181A1 (fr) * | 1999-07-21 | 2001-01-25 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Dispositif refrigerant |
CN2665406Y (zh) * | 2003-11-08 | 2004-12-22 | 海尔集团公司 | 可实现定时均油处理的空调器 |
JP2005291885A (ja) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-20 | Nec Corp | ナビゲーション機能付き携帯通信端末 |
JP3939318B2 (ja) * | 2004-06-29 | 2007-07-04 | 三星電子株式会社 | 空気調和機 |
EP1677057A3 (de) * | 2004-12-28 | 2009-06-03 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Wärmepumpe mit Kompressorölverteilung |
CN1940409A (zh) * | 2005-09-29 | 2007-04-04 | 海尔集团公司 | 多联空调油平衡的控制方法 |
-
2009
- 2009-04-06 EP EP09776516.8A patent/EP2417405B1/de active Active
- 2009-04-06 CN CN200980158537.8A patent/CN102388278B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-04-06 WO PCT/EP2009/002529 patent/WO2010115435A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102388278B (zh) | 2014-11-19 |
WO2010115435A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
CN102388278A (zh) | 2012-03-21 |
EP2417405A1 (de) | 2012-02-15 |
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